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Journal articles on the topic 'Clara Zetkin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Schade, Rosemarie, and Gilbert Badia. "Clara Zetkin: Feministe Sans Frontieres." Labour / Le Travail 34 (1994): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143886.

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2

Unludag, Tania. "Bourgeois Mentality and Socialist Ideology as Exemplified by Clara Zetkin's Constructs of Femininity." International Review of Social History 47, no. 1 (April 2002): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859001000475.

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Clara Zetkin (1857–1933) remains one of the most famous figures in the history of the German and international Left. She rose to prominence as a social democrat beginning in 1890 and became a Marxist and, as of 1919, a member of the high-ranking cadre of the KPD; she was an activist of the Second International, starting in 1889, and belonged to the Executive Committee of the Communist International (EKKI) in the 1920s. She is known in history primarily as the leader and chief ideologue of the socialist, and later the international communist, women's movement, but is also a popular figure in the leftist women's movement of the twentieth century. Zetkin, the founder of International Women's Day, is still widely depicted as a heroine. However, in light of recent research conducted in Berlin and Moscow and from the perspective of the history of mentalities, the tendency to mythologize her needs to be questioned. This essay on Clara Zetkin's constructs of femininity is part of a biography oriented toward a history of mentalities, in which the socialist and communist Zetkin is presented in the entire societal context of her times, perceived as a contemporary of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From this perspective, it is precisely Zetkin's comments on the women's issue that mirror the influences of Social Darwinism and biological discussion at the turn of the century in Germany. The ideas held by the leader and theoretician of the international socialist women's movement on the “liberation of women” from “gender slavery” and “class bondage” were not aimed at pursuing an autonomous process of emancipating women for their own sake, but at pursuing a well-structured and directed process of educating them that would end up turning them into a new physically and mentally improved “consummate woman” who would efficiently serve the socialist society.

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3

Kowalczuk, Ilko-Sascha. "Clara Zetkin: Die Briefe 1914 bis 1933. Band 1." Das Historisch-Politische Buch 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/hpb.66.2.215.

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4

Gaido, Daniel, and Cintia Frencia. "“A Clean Break”: Clara Zetkin, the Socialist Women’s Movement, and Feminism." International Critical Thought 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2017.1357486.

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5

BLAY, EVA ALTERMAN. "8 de março: conquistas e controvérsias." Revista Estudos Feministas 9, no. 2 (2001): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-026x2001000200016.

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O Dia Internacional da Mulher foi proposto por Clara Zetkin em 1910 no II Congresso Internacional de Mulheres Socialistas. Nos anos posteriores a 1970 este Dia passou a ser associado a um incêndio que ocorreu em Nova Iorque em 1911. Neste artigo procuro recuperar a história do Dia 8 de Março e as distorções que têm sido feitas sobre ele e sobre a luta feminista.

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6

Rocha, Qelli Viviane Dias, and Ana Paula Silveira. "As contribuições de Clara Zetkin para as lutas feminista, anticapitalista e antifascista." Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate 12, no. 1 (August 16, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/gmed.v12i1.37744.

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<p>As relações sociais de produção e reprodução tem desde a origem da família, da propriedade privada e do Estado, ou seja, da modernidade estabelecido campos de atuação distintos, mediados pelo Patriarcado se expressado, em espaços desiguais. Apesar das conquistas no campo jurídico e político as mulheres ainda são oprimidas e subordinadas à exploração capitalista. Desde a revolução Russa em 1917, até hoje, as questões estruturais tais como creches, lavanderias, restaurantes públicos; etc, equipamentos sociais que facilitariam a participação política e econômica das mulheres, ainda hoje são bastante limitadas, quando não, destruídas por governos autoritários, ditatoriais e fascistas. O artigo ora apresentado, evidencia as contribuições da vanguardista comunista Clara Zetkin na luta pela emancipação e autonomia das mulheres. </p>

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7

Szumacher, Iwona. "City Parks in Europe." Miscellanea Geographica 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2006-0016.

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Abstract The goal of this paper is to present European parks form the point of view of their natural environment and ecological functions which they fulfill in the city. Parks situated in valley landscapes have been used as the object of study, since these types of parks predominate in Europe. These are: Hyde Park in London, Clara Zetkin Park in Leipzig, Tiergarten in Berlin and Łazienki in Warsaw.

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8

Ávila Bravo-Villasante, María, and Eva Palomo Cermeño. "Mujer nueva. Aportaciones de las feministas socialistas a los debates morales y políticos del siglo XXI." Bajo Palabra, no. 27 (June 14, 2021): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/bp2021.27.011.

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Las ideas en torno a la Mujer nueva marcaron los debates acerca del género y la clase, el feminismo y el socialismo, durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX. En el presente trabajo se revisan y analizan las aportaciones de diversas autoras pertenecientes a la tradición del feminismo socialista, como son Anna Wheeler, Clara Zetkin, Alexandra Kollontai o Sylvia Pankhurst. Se trata de establecer un diálogo presente-pasado en torno a los retos morales y políticos que presentan al feminismo las sociedades contemporáneas.

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9

Birchall, Ian. "Paul Levi in Perspective." Historical Materialism 23, no. 3 (September 11, 2015): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341419.

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Paul Levi was leader of the German Communist Party in the vital years 1919 and 1920; he was subsequently expelled for his opposition to the adventurist March Action in 1921. Three recent books cast new light on this complex figure: David Fernbach’s selection of his writings, Frédéric Cyr’s biography and Paul Frölich’s memoirs. Levi was a man of great talent and courage, but his leadership style was defective; he was neither Leninist nor Luxemburgist, and his greatest weakness was his inability to relate to ultra-leftism. His limitations are revealed by a comparison with his comrade Clara Zetkin.

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10

Markkola, Pirjo. "Clara Zetkin: national and international contexts, edited by Marilyn J. Boxer & John S. Partington." Women's History Review 26, no. 6 (August 3, 2017): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2017.1361151.

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11

Vargas, Marta del Moral. "‘Intercrossings’ between Spanish women’s groups and their German, British and Portuguese counterparts (1914–32)." International Journal of Iberian Studies 00, no. 00 (August 18, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00045_1.

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This article contends that the movement in favour of the rights of women in Spain during the first third of the twentieth century was integrated into several international networks. Three exchanges are analysed between, on the one hand, the women socialists and suffragists in Spain, and, on the other, the international networks built up by the German socialist Clara Zetkin, the suffragists of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance and the Portuguese feminist Ana de Castro Osório. Scrutiny of these ‘intercrossings’ reveals that, despite their ‘asymmetrical’ outcomes, the demand for the social and political rights of women surpassed national boundaries and had a transformative impact on all the parties involved.

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12

Shahidian, Hammed. "The Iranian Left and the “Woman Question” in the Revolution of 1978–79." International Journal of Middle East Studies 26, no. 2 (May 1994): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800060220.

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The relationship between feminism and socialism in both the theoretical and practical realms has been marked with difficulty and “unhappiness.” Feminists have criticized leftists for their lack of attention to sexual domination, and many socialists, in turn, have looked at women's liberation movements as a bourgeois deviation or, worse yet, a conspiracy against the workers' struggle. In 19th-century social democratic movements in Europe, conflicts between feminist-socialist advocates of women's rights such as Clara Zetkin and “proletarian anti-feminism” among workers and communists were constant. Eventually, guided by the theoretical insights of a number of socialist leaders such as Bebel, Engels, and Zetkin, socialist parties of the First and Second Internationals came to realize that the cause of the women's movement was just and to accept autonomous women's organizations. The Third International, or Comintern, although it initially claimed to liberate women “not only on paper, but in reality, in actual fact,” treated the inequality of women as a secondary consideration. Focusing on production and labor conflict, the Comintern paid attention only to women's exploitation by capital to the extent that “by the end of the 1920s, any special emphasis on women's social subordination in communist propaganda or campaigning came to be regarded as a capitulation to bourgeois feminism.” Leftist women activists lost their organizational autonomy and had to work under the supervision of their national communist party.

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13

Rodríguez de la Vega Cuéllar, Teresa. "El feminismo marxista y la Sociología Clásica." Acta Sociológica, no. 81 (November 26, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484938e.2020.81.77670.

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Uno de los rasgos que comparten todas las perspectivas teóricas que la Sociología reclama como sus fundadoras, es la articulación de un relato crítico de la modernidad capitalista. La interpelación del marxismo constituye la expresión más radical de esta veta de la Sociología Clásica. Una peculiaridad del núcleo intelectual que protagonizó esa vertiente entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIXy las primeras décadas del siglo XX, es la presencia destacada de mujeres en su seno, entre quienes la figura de Rosa Luxemburg es la más conocida. El artículo revisita la obra de Luxemburg desde un énfasis que no suele ser el que orienta su lectura habitual: el de la crítica a la opresión masculina consustancial al capitalismo. Para ello, el artículo acompaña la lectura de Luxemburg con la de Clara Zetkin, quien fuera su principal interlocutora en la reflexión sobre los problemas asociados a la opresión y alternativas de la mujer proletaria.

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14

Rottenberg, Anda. "Kręte ścieżki feminizmu." Porta Aurea, no. 19 (December 22, 2020): 192–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/porta.2020.19.10.

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The world feminism started in the USA with the women’s struggle for a better pay and working conditions. Transplanted to Europe, and subsequently to the Soviet Union by the communist Clara Zetkin, it promptly died out there, since Soviet women had been made equal with men as for their duties. From then on for numerous decades the aspirations of women, including female artists in Western societies, proved incompatible with the expectations of women within the ‘Eastern Bloc’. This gap was visible already during the role-assigning in WW II, as well as in the means of paying tribute to women’s heroism and their symbolic, or maybe allegoric functioning in social awareness, the latter shaped both by the propaganda and the media and art that came from men’s ateliers. In the post-WW II decades, until the late 1980s, the differences in the approach to goals and means between the conventionally-conceived West and East were still visible. This can be traced on the example of the oeuvre of Polish women artists and their activity in the decades following WW II. It was only after the transformation that Polish women artists-feminists joined in the international discourse, yet maintaining references to their domestic social and political realities, again different from the West, at the same time overcoming subsequent cultural taboos rooted in the collective hypocrisies.

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15

Lim, Jie-Hyun. "Puschnerat, Tânia. Clara Zetkin: Bürgerlichkeit und Marxismus. Eine Biographie. [Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für soziale Bewegungen, Schriftenreihe A: Darstellungen, Band 25.] Klartext Verlag, Essen 2003. 463 pp. Ill. 29.90." International Review of Social History 50, no. 1 (April 2005): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859005041878.

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16

Lunacharsky, Anatoly. "‘The Last Great Bourgeois’: on the Plays of Henrik Ibsen." New Theatre Quarterly 10, no. 39 (August 1994): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00000531.

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The death of Ibsen in 1906 prompted a number of appraisals of the dramatist by Marxist critics, notably Clara Zetkin, Henrietta Roland-Holst, and George Plekhanov. The most extended of these was Anatoly Lunacharsky's article, ‘Ibsen and the Petty Bourgeoisie’, published in three parts in Obrazovanie, St. Petersburg, Nos. 5–7 (June-August 1907). The central section, ‘Ibsen's Dramas’, is printed below. Born in the Ukraine in 1875, Lunacharsky became a Marxist in his teens and joined the Moscow Social Democrat group in 1899. Arrested for his political activities, he was exiled to Northern Russia, where he wrote his first theoretical treatise, An Essay in Positive Aesthetics. In 1903 he joined the Bolsheviks, but broke with Lenin after 1905, having identified himself with the so-called ‘God-seeking’ tendency. Following the fall of Tsarism in 1917 Lunacharsky rejoined the Bolsheviks, and after the October Revolution he was appointed to Lenin's first ‘Cabinet’ as Commissar for Enlightenment, a post embracing the arts and education. Exceptionally, he retained this position up until 1930, when he became one of the Soviet Union's two representatives to the League of Nations. He died in 1933, shortly before he was due to become Soviet ambassador to Spain. Lunacharsky's published output runs to some 1,500 articles, embracing philosophy, aesthetics, and theoretical and critical writings on all the arts. He also wrote a number of plays, including Faust and the City (1918) and Oliver Cromwell (1920). He was an intellectual of wide erudition and acute critical perception, balancing respect for the old and the traditional with encouragement for the new and the inconoclastic. As Commissar for Enlightenment, he did much to defend the early avant garde's freedom to experiment, making the Soviet Union a power-house of artistic innovation.

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17

Partington and Klüsener. "Clara Zetkin's 1914 Preface to Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward (1887)." Utopian Studies 27, no. 1 (2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.27.1.0016.

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18

Clemens, Petra. "Die Kehrseite der Clara-Zetkin-Medaille." Feministische Studien 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fs-1990-0104.

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19

Sproat, Liberty P. "The Soviet Solution for Women in Clara Zetkin's Journal Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale, 1921-1925." Aspasia 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2012.060105.

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20

"In geheimer Sonderablage: Clara Zetkins Briefe an Elena Stasova. Zusammengestellt und kommentiert von M. Smolina und A. Vatlin." Forum für osteuropäische Ideen -und Zeitgeschichte 6, no. 1 (January 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/frm.2002.6.1.307.

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