Academic literature on the topic 'Clarias gariepinus - Effect of insecticides on'
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Journal articles on the topic "Clarias gariepinus - Effect of insecticides on"
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Olayinka-Olagunju, J. O. "Effects of two eco-friendly insecticides (Dennettia tripetala & Piper guineense) against Dermestes maculatus (Degeer) on smoked dried Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae)." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8, no. 7 (2014): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-08713743.
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Sakr, Saber, Soad Hanafy, and Nabila El-Dosouky. "HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF THE INSECTICIDE "HOSTATHION" ON THE LIVER OF THE CATFISH CLARIAS gariepinus." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2002.1742.
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Esenowo, Imeh Kokoete, Akwaowo U. Nelson, Chibuisi G. Alimba, Ndifreke D. Ekpo, and Okeh C. Emmanuel. "Genotoxicity evaluation of Chlorfenapyr in exposed freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus using micronucleus test." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.6.1.16796.
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Chlorfenapyr is a new formulated insecticide targeted against insecticide resistant species. Its application in targeting harmful aquatic insects may potentially contaminate aquatic environment. This study is to evaluate its genotoxic effects on non-targeted aquatic biota. The study assessed the genotoxic potentials of chlorfenapyr in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using the micronucleus (MN) test. Juvenile stage of C. gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations; 5.00 – 15.00 mgL-1 of chlorfenapyr for 96 hours, peripheral blood was collected through the caudal vein and examined for micronucleus induction in the erythrocytes. The tested concentrations of chlorfenapyr did not elicit significant [F (5, 18) = 0.167, p 0.971] increase in MN formation and other nuclear abnormalities in the peripheral erythrocytes of C. gariepinus. The outcome of this study gives credence to the view that chlorfenapyr is not clastogenic and or aneugenic to non-targeted aquatic vertebrate with reference to fish (C. gariepinus).
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Olufeagba, Samuel Olabode, and Victor Tosin Okomoda. "Cannibalism and Performance Evaluation of Hybrids between Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0019.
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AbstractCannibalism is an important characteristic of African catfish that significantly reduces the number of stocked fish at harvest. This study evaluates the effect of reciprocal hybridization of Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus on cannibalism and growth performance of their progenies in an indoor rearing system. The result obtained reveals excellent performance of hybrids of C. gariepinus ♂ and C. batrachus ♀ over the purebreds in terms of growth. However, the reciprocal hybrids between C. gariepinus ♀ and C. batrachus ♂ all died few hours after hatching. Cannibalism was significantly reduced in the crosses between C. gariepinus ♂ and C. batrachus ♀ with 100% survival after five months of culture. Hence, this could be exploited in commercial production of catfish to reduce cannibalism and increase harvest size of fish farmers.
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Olopade, Olaniyi Alaba, Iyabode Olusola Taiwo, Comfort Opeoluwa Oluwoleand, and Justin Ayaegbunem Akankali. "Water Quality and Haematological Indices of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River (Nigeria)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0068.
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Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effect of water quality of the Ogun River on the haematological indices of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Samples of water and Clarias gariepinus were collected from Ogun River (Station I, Opeji and Station II, Lafenwa) to determine and compare effects of possible differences in water quality on haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. The results demonstrate that higher index values were recorded at station II than Station I for almost all the physicochemical parameters and only sulphate values from Stations I and II were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
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Karami, A., A. Christianus, Z. Ishak, S. C. Courtenay, M. A. Syed, M. Noor Azlina, and H. Noorshinah. "Effect of triploidization on juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Aquaculture International 18, no. 5 (December 24, 2009): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9307-x.
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Defrizal, Defrizal, and Munawwar Khalil. "Pengaruh formulasi yang berbeda pada pakan pelet terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus)." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v2i2.342.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi yang berbeda pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 Mei - 22 Juni 2014 di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Budidaya Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Reulet Aceh Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode ekperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial dengan empat perlakukan dan tiga kali ulangan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi yang berbeda pada pakan pelet memberi pengaruh yang sangat berbeda nyata terhadap konsumsi pakan harian, pertumbuhan berat maupun panjang, rasio konversi pakan, respon ikan terhadap pakan pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) dimana Fhitung > Ftabel. Dari hasil uji BNT diperoleh bahwa konsumsi pakan harian, pertumbuhan, dan respon ikan terhadap pakan terbesar diperoleh pada perlakuan D, A, C dan B. Sedangkan nilai rasio konversi pakan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan A, D, C dan B. Dari hasil penelitian juga diperoleh hasil bahwa pengaruh formulasi yang berbeda pada pakan pelet memberi angka kelulushidupan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) semua perlakuan yaitu 100%. Parameter kualitas air pada saat penelitian yaitu rata-rata suhu 26-28 0C dan pH 7,4-7,5. Nilai ini cocok dan layak untuk kehidupan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Diharapkan ada penelitian lanjutan mengenai pemberian pakan pelet yang diformulasikan dari bahan yang berbeda terhadap jenis ikan lainnya.This study aimed to determine the effect of different feed formulations on the growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which was held on May 22th - Juni 2014 at Laboratory of Aquaculture Hatchery and Technology Studies Program Aquaculture, Reulet North Aceh. The method used in this study was an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) Non-factorial with four treatments and three replications The results showed that different formulations on feed a significantly different influence on daily feed consumption, weight and length growth, feed conversion ratio, the response of fish to feed on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) where as Fvalue > F table. The biggest respons on daily feed intake growth added obtained from feed without addition of others alternatife. Then it was followed by feed A, C and B. While the highest feed conversion ratio values obtained in treatments A, D, C and B. From the results of the study also the result that the effect of different formulations on feed pellets give the fish survival rate of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) all treatment that is 100%. Water quality parameters at the time of the study with an average temperature of 26-28 0C and pH 7.4 to 7.5. This value is suitable and feasible for the life of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). It is expected that no further research on feeding pellets formulated from different materials to other fish species.
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Adeyemi, Oyeyemi, Olalekan Adeyemi, and Chris C. Osubor. "Effect of Clarias gariepinus cultured in contaminated water on rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 12 (November 2, 2009): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109353058.
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In this study, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were cultured in water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane (10 μg/mL), respectively, over a period of 65 days. They were, thereafter, used as protein source to formulate feed for albino rats (Wistar strain) for 28 days. The weights of the body and selected tissues of the rats were monitored and standard enzyme assays were conducted for some enzymes in the serum. Results showed that rats in cyclohexane group gained 58% whereas the control group gained 46% of body weight. Liver weight (absolute and relative) of test rats were found to be significantly lower than that of control (p < .05). Enzyme activity of serum of test rats was found to be significantly higher than that of control (p < .05). Experimental evidence suggests leakage of enzymes from the liver to the serum, thus the elevated serum enzyme activity and that the contaminants may damage the liver.
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Ogunji, Johnny O., and Jude Awoke. "Effect of environmental regulated water temperature variations on survival, growth performance and haematology of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus." Our Nature 15, no. 1-2 (December 25, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v15i1-2.18791.
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A 56 day study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature changes on survival, growth performance and haematology of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diet. Ninety (90) Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, (initial mean weight 4.33±0.03g) were subjected to different environmental regulated temperature conditions in three locations (laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse). The observed average temperature was 26.53±0.01°C, 26.06±0.01°C and 31.52±0.00°C for laboratory, outdoor, greenhouse, respectively. Ten fingerlings stocked per experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight in two portions per day. It was observed that different water temperatures affected fish growth. All experimental fish in the greenhouse died after 8 days of exposure. This happened around 14.00 hrs when water temperature reached 40°C. There was no significant difference (P<0.5) in final weight, weight gain, food conversion ratio and standard growth rate among the fish reared in the laboratory (26.53°C) and outside tanks (26.06°C), respectively. The initial carcass crude protein (Cp) value was 58.97%. At the end of the experiment fish reared in the laboratory had a crude protein value of 63.97±0.06% Cp and those reared outdoor (26.06°C) had 71.28±0.00% Cp. No significant difference in values of packed cell volume; white blood cell; haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was found between fish reared in laboratory (26.53°C) and outside (26.06°C). However, the red blood cell (RBC); mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume showed significant difference (P>0.05). The result confirms that Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared at a mean temperature of 26°C (within the recorded optimal temperature range for good growth) performed well. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings are not able to survive when water temperature reaches to 40oC.
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Porwal, Tina. "BLOOD INDICES OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) FOLLOWING DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF TALINUM TRIANGULARE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.888.
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The effects of Talinum triangulare on the haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. T. triangulare leaf powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% concentrations were fed to Clarias gariepinus juveniles (n=84; 117.3 ± 1.57 g; 26.70 ± 0.26 cm) as feed additive for a period of six (6) weeks. The packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration values, 34.67 ± 0.67%, 12.03 ± 0.26g/dl, respectively observed in the group fed with 1.0% were significantly higher (P<0.05) compare with the control group. Red blood cell counts (RBCs), white blood cell counts (WBCs), lymphocytes, MCV, MCH and MCHC recorded were marginally different (P>0.05) among the groups, were within standard for Clarias gariepinus, therefore adjudged not to indicate a negative physiological effect on the experimental fish. Blood indices values observed revealed that the varying additive levels of T. triangulare used had no negative physiological stress on the health status of the fish studied and haematological values observed were seen to be best in the group fed 1.0% T. triangulare. It could be recommended that 10g/kg of Talinum triangulare leaf powder be included in the diet of Clarias gariepinus for boosting of the animal blood and treatment of disease conditions such as anaemia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clarias gariepinus - Effect of insecticides on"
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Marchand, Marcelle Jamagne. "Assessment of sperm motility parameters and testicular histology as reproductive indicators for two freshwater fish species in a DDT sprayed area, South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4710.
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PhDAn important component of fish health is an optimally functioning reproductive system. The Luvuvhu River Catchment in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, is a tropical, high-risk malaria area where 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), has been used annually since 1945 as a malaria vector control. DDT is known to affect testes morphology and motility of fish sperm. As such, testicular histology and sperm motility (kinematic) parameters were studied as reproductive indicators of the reproductive capacity for two wild, indigenous fish species (Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus) from the currently DDT sprayed area. Three field studies were carried out over two years (2007 – 2008), including two high flow (HF) periods and one low flow (LF) period [HF 1 (March 07), LF (October 07), HF 2 (February 08)]. Both species were sampled from three sites on the Luvuvhu River for testicular histology and computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), during all three field studies. The sites included a reference site outside the DDT sprayed area, Albasini Dam (AD), and two exposed sites within the DDT sprayed area, Xikundu Weir (XW) and Nandoni Dam (ND). CASA, based on open-source software, was used for the first time in South Africa to assess sperm kinematic parameters of indigenous fish species in field conditions. These included percent motile sperm (% MOT), curvilinear velocity (VCL μm s-1), velocity of an average path (VAP μm s-1), straight line velocity (VSL μm s-1), linearity (LIN %), progression (PROG μm), and average efficiency (AVE. EFF.). Water and sediment samples were collected during all field studies from the three sites for metal and EDC analysis. Controlled laboratory studies were also carried out on the sperm of both species, externally sourced from aquaculture farms equipped to breed and raise fish in toxicant free water. The laboratory studies involved in vitro exposure of spermatozoa to two different, but environmentally relevant, concentrations of both DDT (DDT 1: 0.27 μg L-1; DDT 2: 0.5 μg L-1) and 1,1-dihloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) (DDE 1: 0.11 μg L-1; DDE 2: 1.0 μg L-1) with the aim to provide data to support the possible outcomes found in the field studies using CASA. Furthermore, peroxidation of sperm lipids was assayed by production of malondialdehyde (MDA) after in vitro exposure of spermatozoa to DDT and DDE. DDT and its metabolites were found in varying concentrations in the water from all three sites (0.1 μg L-1 – 1.2 μg L-1). Levels of dieldrin (3.5 μg L-1) and lindane (9.4 μg L-1) residues were also found at XW in HF 2. The histological results revealed alterations to testis tissue of both species at all three sites. The testes were assessed through the identification of alterations and an organ index was calculated: Testes Index (IT). The index is indicative of the histological response in the respective tissue type. O. mossambicus at XW had the highest mean IT value during LF (7.45 ± 5.73) and for all field studies combined (5.47 ± 4.63), primarily due to the occurrence of testicular oocytes (intersex), where the frequency of prevalence was 72.73% and 58.82% respectively. These results were statistically higher than the laboratory control (C) group. The CASA results showed statistical differences primarily for O. mossambicus, where motility parameters were lower at XW when compared to AD. Laboratory exposures found a decrease in sperm motility (% MOT) between the control (C) group and the DDT 1, DDE 1 and DDE 2 exposed groups for C. gariepinus. No significant differences were seen for lipid peroxidation (MDA). On the other hand, no significant differences were seen in CASA parameters between the control and exposed laboratory groups for O. mossambicus, but there was an increase in MDA production from the control to the DDT 1 exposure group.
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Viljoen, Alfonso. "Effects of zinc and copper on the post ovulatory reproductive potential of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6603.
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M.Sc.Sperm, eggs, free embryos and larvae of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were used in a series of experiments conducted with zinc and copper salts in a flow-through exposure system. Metal concentrations ranged between 0 to 9mg/1 water. The aim of the study was to determine which of these early life stages was the most sensitive towards these metals and to determine whether the early life stages of the sharptooth catfish could be used for rapid bioassesment studies. Parameters investigated were sperm quality, egg hatchibility, free embryo and larval survival and growth. Within all the parameters tested sperm quality proved to be the least sensitive, with no significant changes noted at the metal concentrations used. There are notable reductions on hatching success embryonic and larval survival and growth as metal concentrations increased. Results revealed that the most sensitive was the free embryo stage directly after, and up to 48 hours after hatching. 48 hour old free embryo displayed 48th L.C.50 values as low as 1.98mg/l for zinc and 0. 0.13mg/l for copper, which indicated that this stage was very sensitive and susceptible to environmental stressors. Since C. gariepinus is an indigeniuos species that is widespread throughout the African continent and considering the sensitivity of the early life stages it is a succesfull candidade for use in rapid bioassessment tests throughout the continent.
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Muteveri, Tinashe. "Genetic and biomolecular responses of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in the contaminated Rietvlei wetland system, South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1202.
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M.Sc.A lot of research in ecotoxicology is currently focused on identifying and developing suitable biomarkers for use in assessing the health of aquatic systems. Thus this study was done as part of a major project aimed at identifying and selecting suitable biomarkers to use in the Rietvlei System, South Africa. This study focused on the response of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to contaminants using three biomarkers: population genetic structure, DNA damage and metallothioneins (MT¡¦s). The main objectives of the study were to assess the potential of these biomarkers in C. gariepinus and to provide baseline data on the Rietvlei System. Eighteen enzyme loci (creatine kinase (Ck), esterase (Est), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3pdh-1 and -2), glucose-6-phosphatase isomerase (Gpi-A and -B), L-lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh-A and B), malate dehydrogenase (sMdh-1, -2 and -3), malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (Mdhp), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgdh), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (Idh); superoxide dismutase (Sod), and peptidase: substrate (leucyl tryrosine) (Pep-S1 and -2)) were screened for by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. An agarose gel electrophoretic method was used for DNA damage determination and a spectrophotometric method for metallothionein. The Rietvlei System population (RSP) showed higher genetic variability as shown by the average number of alleles per locus (A), proportion of polymorphic loci (P) and expected average heterozygosity (HE) than the reference populations. Statistically significant deviations (p < 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg proportions associated with heterozygote deficiencies occurred at Gpi-B, Idh, Pgdh, Ldh-A and Pep-S1 for RSP. These deviations could have been a result of small sample size. There was high genetic differentiation between RSP and the reference populations with FST values of 0.450 and 0.480 between RSP and wild population (WP) and RSP and Northern Cape population (NCP) respectively. A mean base-pair length of 6770.9 „b 10.68 (SE) bp was recorded in the Marais Dam population (MDP) that of 6327.2 „b 17.69 (SE) bp was recorded in the Rietvlei Dam population (RDP). The MDP had a higher proportion of DNA fragments with low base-pair lengths than RP indicating a higher level of DNA damage. The level of DNA damage in the MP was higher than in the RDP. The mean MT¡¦s content was 3.63 „b 0.643 (SE) nmol g-1 wet weight in the MDP and 4.35 „b 0.580 (SE) nmol g-1 wet weight in the RDP. There was no significant (p = 0.40) difference in the levels of MT¡¦s between the two dams. It was concluded that there were significant differences in genetic diversity between RSP and the other populations in unpolluted sites; hence genetic diversity in C. gariepinus has potential as biomarker of pollution. However, further research is recommended to investigate possible contributing factors to differences in genetic diversity such as inter-sex males, geographical isolation and differences in sample sizes used. DNA damage is also a potential biomarker provided due care is taken in interpreting average base-pair length data to consider differences in each DNA size class. It seems further research is required before conclusions are made about use of MT¡¦s as biomarker in this population. The levels of MT¡¦s in other uncontaminated systems will be useful to determine whether the levels recorded in this study are background levels or responses to contamination.
Prof. F.H. van der Bank
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Kruger, Taneshka. "Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on selected reproductive features of the male Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6227.
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D.Phil.The endocrine system regulates important physiological processes in an organism. Numerous natural and synthetic chemicals are released into the environment and can disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine system, influencing physiological processes even at relatively low concentrations. These chemicals are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds are highly persistent in nature due to a resistance to biodegradation, and because of their hydrophobicity. EDCs bio-accumulate especially in the fatty tissue of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Developmental and reproductive disorders are potentially harmful effects of exposure. EDC sources include agricultural and urban runoff, and industrial effluent discharges that eventually pass through sewage- and wastewater treatment plants. These chemicals degrade at various rates and to varying extents during treatment processes, forming many new chemicals. Methods to predict the occurrence of endocrine disruption include the occurrence of intersex, and changes in spermatogenesis and secondary sexual characteristics (SSCs) of supposedly exposed organisms. The urogenital papilla (UGP) is a SSC whose development and morphology is hormonally controlled and may be influenced when exposed to EDCs. The sharptooth catfish (Ciarias gariepinus) is often used in environmental toxicity studies. Sex is determined by the external dimorphic UGP found only in males. Intersex has been observed in this species in South African freshwater systems. A field study was carried out in the Rietvlei (RVD) and Marais (MD) dams in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve (RNR). MD acts as a sedimentation dam before water enters RVD, and is theoretically more polluted. The RNR system receives effluent from various domestic and industrial sources including agriculture, industries, informal settlements and municipal sewage treatment plants. Four sampling surveys, two low and two high flow, were carried out over a period of two years. Supposedly male catfish (n=97) were collected and identified as male or possible intersex based on the UGP. Water and sediment was collected for target EDC and endocrine disrupting metal (EDM) analyses. Fish length and mass, and UGP length and width were measured. Laparotomy was performed and gonads were inspected macroscopically for alterations. A section of the gonad and the entire UGP was removed and processed according to standard techniques for histological analysis. The gonadosomatic- (GSI), hepatosomatic- (HSI) and UGP length (UGPLI) indices were calculated. Fish fat was removed and analysed for target EDCs.
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Hengsawat, Khwuanjai. "The effect of stocking density on production, growth and mortality of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) cultured in cages." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29381.
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Botha, Tarryn Lee. "A histology-based fish health assessment to determine the health and reproductive status of Clarias gariepinus in the Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9183.
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M.Sc. (Zoology)The freshwater indicator fish species, Clarias gariepinus, was used to assess and compare the health status of fish from the Hartbeespoort Dam (HBPD) and the Groot Marico Bosveld Dam (GM) which was used as a reference site. HBPD is known to be polluted and renowned for its extreme eutrophic state. GM receives water from the Marico River and is said to be in an unmodified natural ecological state. Adult Clarias gariepinus were sampled using gill nets; during low-flow (n=17) and high-flow (n=20) seasons from the HBPD, and once from the GM (n = 20). A histology-based fish health assessment was done using a necropsy based health assessment index and a qualitative and semi-quantitative histological assessment on selected target organs namely the gills, liver, kidney and gonads. Focus was also placed on reproductive health aspects by staging the gonads according to their reproductive development and assessing the motility of activated sperm using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Water samples were analyzed for selected physical parameters and for selected metals. The results showed distinct macroscopic differences in the livers and testes comparing the two sites. Fish from HBPD had fatty livers and the macroscopic morphology of the testes showed abnormalities regarding the interstitial tissue, possibly due to the proliferation of connective tissue. The macroscopic abnormalities of the livers were reflected in the histological assessment, which concluded steatosis, vacuolation, hepatocyte nuclear alterations and the presence of large numbers of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs). Of these alterations, only MMCs and intracellular deposits were found in fish from the GM. When comparing the HBPD low-flow (LF) and high-flow (HF) sampling trips, the fish from the low-flow had more alterations present in all organs. While the CASA results showed that the motility, velocity and progression of sperm were lower in fish from the HBPD for all parameters, results from GM showed the ideal trend expected from the moment of sperm activation until degeneration. The velocity and progression were significantly (p value <0.05) different between HBPD samples and fish from the GM. The water quality showed increased concentrations of selenium, as well as the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) nonylphenol and di-n-butyl phthalate. According to the selected parameters assessed, it seems like the water of the HBPD has increasing detriment upon fish health.
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Van, der Merwe Marinda. "Aspects of heavy metal concentration in the Olifants River, Kruger National Park and the effect of copper on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9327.
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M.Sc. (Zoology)The necessity to maintain high water quality standards has become essential not only to man, but also to conserve aquatic life forms. The Olifants, Selati and Letaba Rivers were monitored for water quality variables and metal concentration in water, sediments and muscle, gill, fat, gonads, liver, bile, blood and kidney of the sharp tooth catfish, C. qariepinus. Some of the water quality variables measured were not within the limits of those standards set for the protection of fish and other aquatic life forms. Turbidity seems to be the biggest problem, due to the Phalaborwa barrage. Metal concentrations were found, in descending order, highest in the sediment, fish and water. This pose the problem of metals being reintroduced into the water column when physico-chemical conditions are not favourable. Experimental studies were done with copper on adult C. qariepinus, due to the extensive copper mining activities in the Phalaborwa region. Haematological and enzymatic analyses revealed a interference in metabolic activity after 96 hour copper exposure. Histological studies on the gill morphology, showed an alteration in the structure with a resultant change in respiratory and osmoregulatory function. LC-50 values were determined for adult and juvenile C. qariepinus in order to set new standards for the protection of aquatic lite in a rapidly developing South Africa.
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"Histopathological assessment of selected organs as a bio-monitoring tool to assess the health status of Clarias gariepinus in two dams in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/880.
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Water resources are frequently under inspection as pollution increases. Therefore an urgent need has arisen for sensitive bio-monitoring tools in toxicant impact assessment to indicate the effect of pollution on fish health in polluted aquatic ecosystems. Histopathological assessment of fish tissue allows for early warning signs of disease and detection of long term injury in cells, tissues or organs. Various biochemical and biological studies of fish have been used to assess the consequences of environmental toxicants on fish, but histology is able to enhance and add quality to the research carried out by identifying cellular alterations and quantifying the results. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of pollution in the Marais Dam (MD) and Rietvlei Dam (RVD) in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve (RNR) by determining the health status of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, using fish histology as a bio-monitoring tool.The MD and RVD situated within the Sesmyl Spruit serve to provide the area with water and are separated by a natural wetland. The dams were chosen for their elevated levels of toxicants. Four sampling surveys, two low flow and two high flow, were carried out over a period of two years. During each survey twenty fish were sampled per dam. Water and sediment were sampled for metal and endocrine disrupting chemical analysis. A standardized health assessment protocol employed to determine the effects of the toxicants included analysis of blood constituents, fish necropsy, calculation of condition factor and organosomatic indices, and a qualitative and quantitative histological assessment of three target organs: the gills, liver and gonads. These organs were removed and processed according to standard techniques for histological assessment. Histopathological alterations of each organ were identified (qualitative assessment) and subsequently quantified by means of a standard methodology of criteria to assess and compare fish health (quantitative assessment). The total index (Tot-I) values from the quantitative histological assessment were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA method. Potential endocrine disrupting chemicals and metals in the water of both dams were present at levels that could be toxic. The degree of pollution was more severe in MD than RVD. Examination of tissue from the gills, liver and gonads revealed marked histopathological alterations. The quantitative histological assessment indicated that fish collected from MD were in a significantly more severe histopathological condition than those of RVD. These results indicate that the wetland may still function as a natural filter. The qualitative and quantitative histological assessment objectively compared C. gariepinus specimens from MD and RVD and the effects of the toxicants on the health of the fish.Dr. G.M. Pieterse
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Crafford, Dionne. "Application of a fish health assessment index and associated parasite index on Clarias gariepinus (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal River system, with reference to heavy metals." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6667.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc.The Vaal Dam subcatchment is located in the upper reaches of the Vaal River. As a result the water quality is reasonably good. In contrast the Vaal River Barrage catchment includes the PWV area, resulting in poorer water quality. During this study, a fish Health Assessment Index (HAI) successfully tested in previous studies on the Olifants River System was applied to the Vaal River System. The aim was to determine if the HAI could distinguish between the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage with regards to water quality. Surveys were conducted bimonthly from November 1998 to February 2000. Physical water quality variables were measured. Water and sediment samples were also collected and analyzed (Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) to verify the HAI results. Rand Water Board and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry also made water quality data available. Twenty sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were collected from both localities with the aid of gill nets. Fish were checked for external parasites on the boat. On land fish were weighed and measured, after which blood was drawn and slime smears made. Blood and slime smears were examined under a light microscope for parasites. The HAI examination was performed after severing the spinal cord. Internal parasite numbers were recorded. From the parasite data collected infestation statistics were calculated. Four variations of the Parasite Index (PI) were incorporated in the HAI and results compared. During each survey gill arch, gill filament, muscle, skin and liver tissues were collected from each fish. These were analyzed for strontium, aluminium, chromium, manganese, iron, lead, copper, zinc and nickel concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Differences in water and sediment trace metal concentrations between localities were small. Metal concentrations in fish tissues recorded from both localities were also almost identical. Possible explanations for this trend were discussed in the relevant section. Highest metal concentrations were generally recorded in gill tissue followed by liver, skin and muscle. Physical water quality variables (salinity and conductivity), and macro water analysis (e.g. phosphate and nitrate) indicated that water quality at the Vaal River Barrage was poorer. The HAI confirmed this. Higher index values were recorded from the Vaal River Barrage, with the converse being true for the Vaal Dam. Regression analysis indicated that plasma protein, haematocrit and the index value obtained using the Inverted Parasite Index, most successfully predicted (70 %) from where a randomly chosen fish were collected. When viewing index values obtained using the four versions of the PI, all four distinguished between localities. The discriminatory ability of the Inverted PI was slightly higher than that of the other PI's. It is concluded that the HAI distinguished successfully between the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage on the grounds of water quality. Poor fish health correlated with decreasing water quality (salinity and eutrophication).
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Marx, Hazel Mary. "Evaluation of a health assessment index with reference to metal bioaccumulation in Clarias gariepinus and aspects of the biology of the parasite Lamproglena clariae." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5703.
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M.Sc.The catchment area of the Olifants River has, over a number of years, been exposed to extensive mining, agriculture and urbanisation activities in the Witbank-Middelburg and Phalaborwa regions which has largely contributed to the deterioration of water quality. Of major concern is the influence anthropogenic activities have on the aquatic ecosystem of the Olifants River within the Kruger National Park and how me health of fish residing In these waters is affected. To determine fish health, a biological monitoring method, the Health Assessment Index (H41), was tested for the first time In South Africa. Four surveys were conducted at Mamba and Balule In the Olifants River, Kruger National Park during 1994 (February, May, July and November). An additional survey was conducted in February 1995 at Loskop Dam. Samples of water and sediment were taken for analysis of metals and physical and chemical water parameters. A maximum of 20 Clarias gariepinus fish were sampled at each location. Evaluation of the fish was done according to guidelines set in the HAI and parasite population composition (prevalence, abundance, mean intensity) was determined. Organ and tissue samples including gills, liver, muscle and skin were analysed for the bioaccumulation of chromium, copper, Iron, manganese, nickel, lead, strontium and zinc, using atomic absorption spectrophotomeby. Metal concentrations in the water at Mamba and Balule were within guideline limits, whereas concentrations at Loskop Dam were above guidelines. As reflected by the application of the Aquatic toxicity Index, Loskop Dam presented with the poorest water quality followed by Mamba then Balule. It was found that certain physical and chemical variables namely fluoride, potassium, sulphate and total dissolved solids concentrations at Mamba and Balule were relatively high, particularly during drier months. Metals accumulated in organs and tissues, with the highest concentrations In the gills followed by the liver, skin and muscle. The discriminant analysis, utilising metal bloaccumulation, discriminates between water quality at Mamba and Balule, revealing a 100 % classification probability for each survey. Values obtained In the application of the HAI indicated that variables with good predictor accuracy were plasma protein, all parasites, endoparasites, liver, white blood cell counts, ectoparasites, skin, fins and gills. The discriminant function for the HAI generally Indicated variables similar to those exhibiting high predictor accuracy. The discriminant function showed relatively low classification probability for each survey. In case 1, where separate endo- and ectoparasite variables were Included in the determination of me discriminant function, probability for me entire study ranged between 47.5 % and 84.2 %. In case 2, where endo- and ectoparasite variables were given a refined score rating system, probability ranged between 62.5 % and 100 %. The low classification probability Indicates either the Importance of repetitive testing for this technique or a total departure from it. Results showed that fish populations with higher HAI values are found in water of poorer quality (Mamba), while healthier fish populations i.e. with lower RAI values are found In water of better quality (Balule). Parasite data shows a similar tendency by indicating that ectoparasites are abundant in water of higher quality, while endoparasftes increase in water of poorer quality. The HAI reflects the condition of fish populations in relation to their aquatic environment, therefore, the HA/ gives an indication of water quality and should be used as a first level screening tool. If complemented by a parasite survey, distinguishing between endoand ectoparasites, the results from the HAI will be enhanced.
Conference papers on the topic "Clarias gariepinus - Effect of insecticides on"
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‘Aini, Nurul, and Dyah Hariani. "Effect of pineapple peel filtrate and probiotic Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 on catfish growth (Clarias gariepinus)." In THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GLOBAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION (ICGRC) AND AJI FROM RITSUMEIKAN UNIVERSITY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5061910.
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Hasan, Zahidah, Yuli Andriani, Herman Hamdani, Asep Sahidin, and Sukmawati Br Surbakti. "Effect of Probiotics Addition with Different Dosage on Water Quality Performance of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Farming in the Aquaponic System." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islam, Science and Technology, ICONISTECH 2019, 11-12 July 2019, Bandung, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-7-2019.2297979.
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Elechi, Virtue Urunwo, Sunday Sunday Ikiensikimama, Joseph Atubokiki Ajienka, Onyewuchi Emmanuel Akaranta, Okon Efiong Okon, and Davies Ibienebo Chris. "Eco-Toxicity of 2-Di Methylamino Ethylmethacrylate 2-DMAEM as a Commercial Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor KHI." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207156-ms.
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Abstract Gas hydrates are known impediments to flow. Mitigation of gas hydrates in deep offshore with accessibility issues is by chemical injection. This paper considers the effect of 2-Di(methylamino) ethylmethacrylate (2-DMAEM) a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor and a Local Inhibitor (LI) on Clarias gariepinus, a marine organism. The assessment was done using Random Complete Block Design (RCBD), a standard method of toxicity testing. Its effect was compared to that of a local Inhibitor (LI). The test carried out showed that at the end of the exposure period, 2-DMAEM caused 100% mortality in concentrations of 10 and 100ml/L and had significant differences in water parameters across the row as concentration increased. The LI caused 0% mortality in same concentration ranges and had no significant differences as concentrations increased across the row. 2-DMAEM should be discarded as an inhibitor given its inherent danger while LI should be harnessed and developed as gas hydrate inhibitor.