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1
Olufeagba, Samuel Olabode, and Victor Tosin Okomoda. "Cannibalism and Performance Evaluation of Hybrids between Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0019.
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AbstractCannibalism is an important characteristic of African catfish that significantly reduces the number of stocked fish at harvest. This study evaluates the effect of reciprocal hybridization of Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus on cannibalism and growth performance of their progenies in an indoor rearing system. The result obtained reveals excellent performance of hybrids of C. gariepinus ♂ and C. batrachus ♀ over the purebreds in terms of growth. However, the reciprocal hybrids between C. gariepinus ♀ and C. batrachus ♂ all died few hours after hatching. Cannibalism was significantly reduced in the crosses between C. gariepinus ♂ and C. batrachus ♀ with 100% survival after five months of culture. Hence, this could be exploited in commercial production of catfish to reduce cannibalism and increase harvest size of fish farmers.
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Oyoo-Okoth, Elijah, Anthony Muthoni Mwangi, Charles C. Ngugi, and Jumbe James Jumbe. "Grading frequency affect the growth performance and intra−cohort cannibalism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, burchell, 1822) culture." SDRP Journal of Aquaculture, Fisheries & Fish Science 3, no. 2 (2020): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jaffs.3.2.ra.10656.
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Growth of African catfish (Clarias garipinus) is characterized by large size heterogeneity resulting in poor growth performance and cannibalism. Strategies that limit size heterogeneity in C. gariepinus culture are therefore advocated. This study determined the effects of grading frequency on the growth performance and cannibalism of C. gariepinus in tank culture system. Three treatments designated as G0 (no grading), G2 (grading every 2 weeks) and G4 (grading every four weeks) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied in triplicate. The tanks were stocked with 200 fingerlings each. Sampling was conducted weekly to measure length and weight of fish. Mortalities were recorded and dead fish observed under dissecting microscope to ascertain that it is due to cannibalism. Growth performance in terms of final mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by frequency of fish grading. The C. gariepinus graded every two weeks grew better than those graded every four weeks and were all above the no grading treatment. Significant changes in fish heterogeneity were observed after day 42. The size variation was significantly affected by grading frequency. The mean TL of fish graded every 2 weeks was the highest, followed by grading every four weeks and finally the no grading treatment was the lowest. Fish size heterogeneity (CV% and skewness) was consistently the highest in C. gariepinus in no grading treatment followed by fish where grading was done every four weeks while it was lowest in treatment where feeding was done every two weeks. Mortality owing to cannibalism was affected by grading frequency where highest cannibalism mortality occurred in C. gariepinus where there was no grading followed by grading every four weeks and intermediate at grading frequency every four weeks. Meanwhile other mortality by other causes such as such as wounds and suffocation in fish did not differ with grading frequency. Keywords: Cannibalism, Coefficient of variation, Fish grading, Fish growth, Growth heterogeneity
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Oluwalola, O. I., and O. A. Fagbenro. "Fatty Acid Composition and Sensory Evaluation of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus Reared under Different Culture Enclosures." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 16, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v16i2.2.
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This study was carried out to determine the fatty acid composition and sensory quality of Clarias gariepinus from different culture enclosures (plastic, sandcrete tanks and earthen ponds), at the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The comparative work was carried out to find out if habitat could influence the nutrient composition of the fish. Standard procedures were used in the analysis of tissue nutrient. Sensory evaluation study revealed differences in taste and texture indices considered for C. gariepinus reared in plastic, sandcrete tanks and earthen ponds (p<0.05). Fatty acid profiles of C. gariepinus were determined using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The percentage of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was higher (49.99%, 23.17%) in earthen pond cultured C. gariepinus than the plastic and sandcrete tanks. The study revealed that C. gariepinus raised in earthen pond possess fatty acid composition and sensory quality advantages over the plastic and sandcrete tanks.
Keywords: Fatty acids, Sensory evaluation, Culture enclosures, Clarias gariepinus
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Ola-Oladimeji, F. A., E. O. Idowu, A. A. Adewumi, and K. C. Fafowora. "Heterogeneity Studies of Wild Clarias gariepinus (Osteichthyes, Clariidae) Using SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis." Vestnik Zoologii 52, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0047.
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Abstract This study determined the genetic variations that exist in Clarias gariepinus obtained from two natural populations in Nigeria, using their serum protein profiles. A total of 51 samples of Clarias gariepinus collected from Ado-Ekiti and Ilesa were used for this experiment. Blood was extracted from the caudal vein of each individual fish and electrophoresis was performed based on standard methods. Following this, gel images were taken, scored and subjected to classical cluster analysis using Bray-Curtis similarity index. This showed the presence of variations in C. gariepinus between the studied populations and samples from Ado-Ekiti reservoir displayed more diversity than those from Ilesa. Hence, this showed the feasibility for selecting samples from Ado- Ekiti to improve culture of C. gariepinus in further breeding studies.
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Oben, B. O., A. F. Narika, M. A. Arrey, J. Ebobenow, and M. P. Oben. "Boosting fish production in Cameroon: Incorporated fish-rice farming versus earthen pond fish culture in Buea, Mount Cameroon region." Tropical Freshwater Biology 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tfb.v29i2.1.
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Wetland incorporated fish-rice farming (FRF) is a possible solution to the problem of high costs of fish feeds in aquaculture in Cameroon. For 12 weeks, at the University of the Buea (UB) the growth of the fish, Clarias gariepinus in concurrent culture with rice (Oryza sativa, L.) in two rice plots (rice plot 1 and rice plot 2stocking sites) in the University of Buea wetland and in two earthen ponds (fish pond 1 and fish pond 2stocking sites) fed compounded diet at 5% body weight was investigated. Physico-chemical water quality parameters of all the fish culture sites were monitored. Mean fish weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the wetland rice plots (329.21±44.35g) than in the two earthen ponds (30.01±2.84g). Apart from low mean dissolved oxygen values in the rice plot 1 (3.14±1.19 mg/L) and rice plot 2 (2.18±0.23 mg/L), mean values for physico-chemical water quality parameters were within recommended ranges for C. gariepinus growth in all the four culture sites. This FRF experiment proved a better practice in fish growth than the conventional earthen pond culture in Buea, Cameroon. Its adoption by local fish farmers is recommended.
Keywords: Wetland integrated fish-rice farming, C gariepinus, earthen pond culture, and fishpond.
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Gunadi, Bambang, Enang Harris, Eddy Supriyono, Sukenda, and Tatag Budiardi. "Protein digestibility and ammonia excretion in catfish Clarias gariepinus culture." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.12.62-69.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">A series of experiments was performed to analyze protein digestibility, ammonia excretion, and also heterothropic bacteria and phytoplankton dynamics in the catfish <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> culture. In the digestibility experiment, catfish with an individual initial size of 43.67±0.83 g were stocked into 120 L conical fiberglass tanks at a density of 20 fish per tank. Fish were fed on with commercial diet supplemented with Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> indicator at a concentration of 1%. In the ammonia excretion experiment, catfish with an individual size of 111.6±9.5 and 40.6±3.4 g, respectively, were placed into a 10 L chamber filled with 8 L of water. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in the chambers were monitored every hour for six consecutive hours. In the bacteria and phytoplankton dynamics experiment, catfish were stocked in the 25 m<sup>2</sup> concrete tanks which was divided into two compartments (catfish 10 m<sup>2</sup>, and heterotrof compartments 15 m<sup>2</sup>). Catfish with individual size of 42,5±0 g were stocked into the tanks at a density of 100 fish per tank. Water was recirculated from catfish compartments to heterotrophic compartments. Fish were fed with floating feed. Molasses as carbon source for heterotrophic bacteria was applied daily. The experiment was conducted for six weeks. The results showed that the protein digestibility was 61.97±7.24%. Larger fish (size of 111.6 g) excreted ammonia at a rate of 0.008±0.003 mg TAN/g fish-weight/hour, which was lower than that of the smaller catfish (size of 40.6 g), i.e. 0.012±0.004 mg TAN/g fish-weight/hour.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: protein digestibility, ammonia excretion, catfish</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Serangkaian penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menganalisis ketercernaan pakan dan protein, ekskresi amonia, serta dinamika bakteri dan fitoplankton pada budidaya ikan lele (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>). Pada penelitian ketercernaan pakan, ikan lele berukuran 43,67±0,83 g/ekor dipelihara dalam bak <em>fiberglas</em> berbentuk corong berukuran 120 L dengan kepadatan 20 ekor/bak. Ikan diberi pakan berupa pelet yang diberi indikator Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sebanyak 1%. Pada penelitian ekskresi amonia, ikan lele berukuran 111,6±9,5 dan 40,6±3,4 g/ekor yang telah diberi makan sampai kenyang dimasukkan ke dalam stoples berisi 8 L air. Kadar amonia total (<em>total ammonia nitrogen</em>, TAN) di dalam stoples diukur setiap jam selama enam jam. Pada penelitian dinamika bakteri dan fitoplankton, ikan lele dipelihara pada bak beton berukuran 25 m<sup>2</sup> yang disekat menjadi dua bagian yaitu bagian ikan lele (10 m<sup>2</sup>) dan bagian heterotrof (15 m<sup>2</sup>). Ikan lele dengan bobot awal 42,5 g/ekor ditebar ke dalam bak dengan kepadatan 100 ekor/bak. Air mengalir secara resirkulasi dari bagian ikan lele ke bagian heterotrofik dengan bantuan pompa. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pelet apung komersial. Molase ditambahkan setiap hari sebagai sumber karbon untuk pertumbuhan bakteri heterotrofik. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam minggu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa ketercernaan protein dari pakan yang diuji adalah 61,97±7,24%. Ikan lele berukuran besar (111,6 g/ekor) menghasilkan amonia sebanyak 0,008±0,003 mg TAN/g ikan/jam, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ikan yang berukuran lebih kecil (40,6 g/ekor), yaitu 0,012±0,004 mg TAN/g ikan/jam. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: ketercernaan protein, ekskresi amonia, ikan lele</p>
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KOLAWOLE, Asiata A., and Adiaha Alda Alex UGWUMBA. "Economic Evaluation of Different Culture Enclosures for Musca domestica Larval Production and Their Utilization for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Diets." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10410271.
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The study was designed to investigate the rate of larval (maggot) production from different culture enclosures, as well as to compare the cost effectiveness and utilization of the maggot in the diet of African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Musca domestica larvae were cultured from poultry dung for five week, where upon they were utilized as a replacement for fish meal in the diet of fingerlings of African mud catfish. The maggots were cultured in four different enclosures: aluminium mobile maggotry, aluminium, plastic and wooden boxes. The harvested maggots were processed by oven drying and powdered as maggot meal. The maggot meal was used to substitute fish meal in eight diets with different inclusion levels of 0% (control), 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%. The formulated diets were fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings in triplicates for 10 weeks. The growth, nutrient utilization and survival of fish were monitored during the experimental period. The cost effectiveness of different culture enclosure was studied. Results indicate that aluminium box was the best option, giving the highest weight of maggot production, and was the most cost effective of all the culture enclosures studied. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in weight gain of fish between the control and the maggot meal-based diets, while the highest weight gain was observed in fish fed 70% maggot meal-based diet. Specific and relative growth rates were found to be high in fish fed 60% maggot meal diet, while they were lowest in fish fed 20% maggot meal diet and the control diet. The best protein intake was recorded in fish fed the 70% maggot meal-based diet and lowest in fish fed the control diet. Survival of fish was generally high (78.3%-93.30%) and was significantly (p < 0.05) different between the fish fed as the control and the maggot meal-based diets. The study confirms that maggots of Musca domestica are suitable as partial replacement of fishmeal at 60-70% inclusion level for optimal growth performance and nutrient utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.
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Solomon, J. R., and I. A. Abawale. "Response of the african catfish Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822 to diets of comercially and locally formulated fish feed in relation to cost benefits." Tropical Freshwater Biology 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tfb.v26i1.7.
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The growth performance of catfish Clarias gariepinus using imported feeds and locally made feeds of the same crude protein were compared. C. gariepinus (mean weight 12.8g) juvenile were reared in cages for a period of 12 weeks on different feed. Two imported feeds (skretting and copens) were purchased and two local feeds (corresponding to treatment) were compounded to contain the same level of crude protein. Locally ingredients used are maize, fish meal, groundnut cake, soya bean meal, bone meal, lysine, methionine, premix, vegetable oil, salt but varying fish meal and soya bean meal as follows, treatment 1- (11.38% to 7.5%), treatment 2-(7.5% to 11.38%) respectively. The pelleted feeds were fed at the rate of 5% of the fish biomass. The growth response was assessed in terms of daily weight gain, relative weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality and survival rate. The results showed that the two local feeds promoted positive growth, implying that the use of different levels fish meal and soya bean meal (11.38% and 7.5%) favoured culture of juvenile C. gariepinus.Key Words, Clarias gariepinus, diet, fish feed, formulation, growth
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Effiong, M. U., and N. E. Obot. "Helminth parasites of cultured Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Tropical Freshwater Biology 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tfb.v29i2.7.
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The study examined helminth parasites of cultured Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zillii in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. A total of 60 fish samples (30 each of C.gariepinus and T. zillii) were subjected to parasitological examinations. Results revealed a total of 47(78.33%) fishes infected with various species of parasites: Nematodes (Camallanus polypteri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, and Procamallanus laevionchus), Cestodes (Polyonchobothrium torulosus and P. clariae) and Trematodes (Dactylogyrus extensus and Glossiduim pedatum) in decreasing order of abundance. Out of the 60 fish samples examined, 47 were infected with 219 parasites: 142(64.84%) nematodes, 40(18.26%) cestodes and 37(16.89%) trematodes. A total of 159(72.60%) parasites were recovered from C. gariepinus out of which 103(64.78%) were nematodes, 19(18.45%) were cestodes and 37(35.92%) were trematodes. While 60(27.40%) parasites were recovered from T. zilli, of which 39(65.00%) were nematodes and 21(35.00%) cestodes. No trematode was observed in the tilapia. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 78.33%. The results of chi square analysis showed that females of both species had significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of infection 27(84.4%) than males 20(71.4%). Also, C. gariepinus had higher infection rate of 25(83.33%) when compared to 22(73.33%) recorded in T. zillii.
Key words: fish parasites, aquaculture, prevalence, C. gariepinus, T. zillii
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Madanire-Moyo, G. N., and A. Avenant-Oldewage. "On the development of a parasitic copepod, Lamproglena clariae Fryer, 1956 (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) infecting the sharp tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus." Crustaceana 86, no. 4 (2013): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003165.
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The postembryonic development of the gill parasite, Lamproglena clariae, infecting the sharp tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus was established from egg culture and artificial infection of fish under laboratory conditions. Like most fish parasitic copepods, L. clariae has a direct life cycle utilizing only a single fish host species. Adult post metamorphosis females produce two egg strings. The mean number of eggs in each egg string was 52. Three naupliar and first copepodid stages were obtained in culture while two copepodid stages, cyclopoid and adult specimens were obtained after artificial infection of catfish in aquaria. First stage nauplii were globular in shape and densely filled with yolk. Nauplii lacked a perforation for the mouth and masticatory parts of the appendages, all of which indicate that they do not feed. Body architecture of the first copepodid stage of L. clariae is similar to that of all other copepods in the number and kind of somites: a cephalothorax with five appendages, three thoracic somites, one abdominal somite and furca rami. This seems to be a conserved morphology among the copepods. The three naupliar and three copepodid stages are described and compared to related copepods.
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Hastuti, Sri, and Subandiyono Subandiyono. "Hematological performances of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and media water qualities in culture system with bio-filtration pond." Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (July 19, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.6.2.1-5.
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The aim of This study was to determine the effect of application biofiltration pond on water quality media and fish hematological performance consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets. Two treatments, namely water management systems with and without applied biofiltration pond to the catfish rearing system in the village of Beji, District East Ungaran. Dumbo Catfish Seed 8-10 cm in size were reared on the pond with a density 200 fish/m2. During the rearing of fish fed with pellets by the method of ad satiation, twice a day at noon and at night. Rearing the fish was done until size of consumption. At the end of the rearing carried out measurements of water quality conditions of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia, as well as hematological performance consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed changes in leukocyte count from 107.57 thousand cells / ul to 92.3 thousand cells / ul. Platelets 42 000 cells / ul to 6000 cells / ul, while the erythrocytes and hematocrit values, each for 1.72 to 1.74 million cells / ul and 7.8 to 9.73 thousand cells / ul, water quality media were improvement, especially on the total ammonia content of 0.92 ppm to 0.14 ppm and dissolved oxygen is 0.08 ppm to 0.5 ppm. From the data can conclude that applied biofiltration pond on catfish farming systems can improve water quality media that support life and growth of fish. Keywords: African catfish, biofiltration pond , hematological performance, water quality managementhttp://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/saintek/article/view/2067
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Hashem, Ola, Viola Zaki, and Rawia Adawy. "Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia." Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 21, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.311.
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Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.
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Olopade, Olaniyi Alaba, Mercy Gbaramana, and Nenibarini Zabbey. "Estimation of Length-Weight Relationship and Proximate Composition of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) from Two Different Culture Facilities." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i7.566-570.323.
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This study was carried out to determine and compare the proximate composition and length weight relationship of C. gariepinus from two culture systems (earthen and concrete ponds). The fish samples were collected from three fish farms with same cultural condition in different areas of Obio-akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Result on the length- weight relationship revealed that C.gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a total length of 15.50- 49.00cm with a mean of 32.71cm and weight of 150-625g, while total length of C. gariepinus reared in the earthen pond ranged from 19.90-58.0cm with a mean of 39.8cm and weight of 195-825g. The T- test shows that the total length of earthen pond were significantly higher than the concrete tank and the weight in the earthen pond was significantly higher than the concrete tank. Parameters of proximate composition analysed were moisture, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and fiber from the fish flesh. Protein content showed a significantly higher in the earthen ponds than the concrete tanks. Ash contents varied from 1.5±1.66-7.4±0.67% in the concrete tanks and were significantly higher than the earthen ponds which ranged from 3.1±0.94-4.5±2.11%. Lipid was significantly higher in earthen ponds than concrete tanks. Generally, the two culture systems have a significant influence on length–weight relationship and nutritional value of C. gariepinus. However, C. gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a heavier body weight than earthen pond and also C. gariepinus reared in earthen pond had highest nutritive values than the concrete tank.
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Gunadi, Bambang, Enang Harris, Eddy Supriyono, Sukenda Sukenda, and Tatag Budiardi. "CARBON TO NITROGEN RATIO AND NITROGENOUS WASTE ACCUMULATION IN THE INTENSIVE CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) CULTURE." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.6.1.2011.19-29.
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This experiment was carried out to determine the optimum C/N ratio for heterotrophic bacteria (biofloc) growth in order to control nitrogenous waste accumulation in the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) culture. Twenty fish with an initial individual size of about 50 g were stocked in fiberglass tanks which were filled with 200 L of water. Fish were fed with commercial floating fish feed with a protein level of 31%-33% (manufacturer label). The daily feeding rate was 2.5% of the fish biomass. The inoculation of commercial Bacillus sp. isolates was applied in the first day of the experiment after fish stocking in order to obtain a bacterial density in water of 106 cfu/L. Molases was suplemented daily to the tanks to adjust C/N ratio in water. Four C/N ratios, i.e. 0, 7, 14, and 21, were applied as treatments in this experiment. The results showed that molasses suplementation up to C/N ratio 14 to 21 were able to support the growth of heterotrophic bacteria and to inhibit the accumulation of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite in water therefore increase water quality for better growth of cultured catfish.
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Nwabueze, A. A., J. K. Ekelemu, and O. A. Owe. "Response of Clarias gariepinus to Allium sativum-based diet on growth performance and Staphylococcus aureus challenge infection." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (June 23, 2020): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.4.
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The response of Clarias gariepinus to Allium sativum on growth performance and as anti-bacterial agent in Staphylococcus aureus challenge infection was evaluated. A. sativum was included at 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% in fish diet. Twenty fish samples each were randomly distributed into four tanks (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight for twelve weeks. All fish were challenged with 0.5ml of pure culture of S. aureus. A significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight, total length and standard length was observed. A. sativum at 3.0% inclusion promoted highest growth with feed conversion ratio (1.25-1.41), protein efficiency ratio (1.72-0.56), specific growth rate (1.92-2.09), condition factor (0.83-1.99) and survival rate (60-95). Fish-fed A. sativum diet showed that 4.5% inclusion had the least S. aureus activity. Bacteria load significantly (P<0.05) decrease at week 12. Culture water had dissolved oxygen of 4.0 - 4.2 mg/L, pH 6.0 - 7.0 and temperature of 26.0-28.0oC. This study has shown that A. sativum supplemented diets enhanced growth of C. gariepinus and functioned as antibacterial agent against S. aureus. A. sativum at 3.0% inclusion in diet is recommended for better fish growth and 4.5% A. sativum for antibacterial action.
Keywords: Fish, herb, growth, infection
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Musa, Safina M., Christopher Mulanda Aura, Charles Chege Ngugi, and Rodrick Kundu. "The Effect of Three Different Feed Types on Growth Performance and Survival of African Catfish Fry (Clarias gariepinus) Reared in a Hatchery." ISRN Zoology 2012 (July 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/861364.
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African catfish Clarias gariepinus is cultured as food fish, used to control overpopulation in tilapia ponds, and is grown as baitfish for the Lake Victoria Nile Perch fishery. Since the demand for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings is high, many farmers wish to specialize in fingerling production. In this study, the performance of three dietary feed types: freshwater rotifers with Artemia nauplii, freshwater rotifers with fish meal, and freshwater rotifers with maize bran, on the growth performance of African catfish fry, were done in a hatchery and they were raised in 9 glass tanks for a period of 21 days. Pearson’s correlation showed no relationship (r=0.1; P>0.05) between growth and water quality parameters, but indicated a strong relationship between survival rate and total length between treatments (r=0.85; P=0.02). Mean total length (TL) after 21 days were (A=15.003), (B=12.964), and (C=11.90) in mm for Treatments A, B, and C, respectively. Treatment A had the highest specific growth rate (SGR) of 6.475% day 1 followed by B (5.5320% day−1) and C (4.960% day−1). Results from this study demonstrate that after the 7 days of feeding using rotifers, Artemia is the best feed for increasing growth of Clarias gariepinus.
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Elezuo, K. O., E. G. Okeke, V. O. Olarewaju, and B. E. Quadri. "Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles fed Diets Supplemented with Garlic (Allium sativum) Powder." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 35, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v35i2.18.
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The study investigated effects of graded levels of garlic (Allium sativum) powder supplemented diets on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Five treatments comprising of twelve C. gariepinus juveniles of mean weight 7.52±0.00g per treatment were used in the study. Fish in each treatment was fed twice daily with experimental diets formulated with different inclusion levels of garlic powder at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%; designated as control, T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Fish were fed at 5% of their body weight and feeding trial lasted for 56 days. Analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of culture water was also carried out. Collected data were analysed and results showed that water temperature ranged from 27.0 to 28.5oC, pH ranged between 7.58 and 7.79, dissolved oxygen levels varied from 6.20 to 6.50mg/l, while ammonia content was observed to be between 2.33 and 2.73mg/l. Fish fed 3% garlic inclusion diet had the highest mean weight gain (MWG) of 40.63±30.04g, percentage weight gain (PWG) of 541.73% and specific growth rate (SGR) of 2.79±0.00%/day when compared with those on other treatments. The least PWG (345.25%) and SGR (1.95±0.00) were observed in the control and fish fed 1% garlic inclusion diets. However, MWG values were similar (p > 0.05) in T1 and T4. Fish fed diets with 2% garlic inclusion had the highest FCR (3.22±0.04) while the least value (2.29±0.03) was observed in T3. Results of the crude protein contents of treated fish carcass increased in all dietary treatments. Inference from this study indicated that incorporation of garlic meal in fish diets at 3% inclusion level improved growth performance and proximate composition of C. gariepinus juveniles.
Keywords: Catfish, functional foods, garlic, nutrient utilization, weight gain
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Solomon, Shola G., Victor T. Okomoda, and Abel I. Ogbenyikwu. "Intraspecific morphological variation between cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Clariidae, Siluriformes)." Archives of Polish Fisheries 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2015-0006.
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Abstract This study was designed to evaluate morphological differences between cultured and wild African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Fish samples were collected from the lower Benue River (axis in Makurdi), while cultured fish were obtained from the University of Agriculture Makurdi research farm. The results revealed significant sex-related variation in the fish from different environments. Significant differences were observed in all morphometric parameters measured and in three of the five meristic counts recorded. Discriminant analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric parameters showed a high divergence among the populations, hence the tested fish samples were grouped into respective environments by sex. The meristic count, however, overlapped broadly showing no divergence among the populations. The morphometric differences between the cultured and wild African catfish could have been linked to genetic differences or environmental factors or a combination of both factors.
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Ipinmoroti, M. O., O. A. Akanmu, and A. O. Iyiola. "Utilisation of house fly maggots (Musca domestica) as replacement for fish meal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus juveniles." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 5, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0057.
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Fish meal is widely used in commercial feed production because of its amino acids profile, and high protein content, however, its usage constitutes a major cost in fish feed production. It is therefore essential to source for a highly nutritious, cheap and readily available substitute which can supply the farmed fish with necessary dietary requirements for proper growth and development. The study utilised house fly maggots (Musca domestica) cultured from poultry waste at varying inclusion levels of 0 (no inclusion), 25, 50, 75 and 100% (maggot inclusions) to replace fish meal in the diets and replicated thrice. A total of 180 Clarias gariepinus juveniles catfish with initial average weight of 10.11±0.12 g were stocked at 12 fish per tank, acclimatised for 2 weeks and fed twice daily at 3% body weight for a period of 12 weeks. The proximate composition of wet maggots showed the presence of favourable amino acids similar to fish meal but had lower crude protein content (47.45%) with high ether extract (22.23%) and moisture content (83.52%). The water quality parameters such as ammonia, temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored daily and showed no significant difference (P<0.05) among the treatments and were tolerable for fish culture. Sampling of fish was done weekly, the growth and nutrient utilisation, economic indices and haematological studies were done and analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. It was observed that 75% inclusion of wet maggot gave better results and rapid utilisation and conversion of feed to flesh and was evident in the weight gain (50.71 g), lowest feed conversion ratio (1.04±0.04), highest specific growth rate (1.99±0.00 g/day) and cheap in terms of cost of production (₦ 172.12). This shows that 75% of wet maggots can be recommended as an inclusion level in commercial fish feed for adequate utilisation by C. gariepinus juveniles.
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ADEOSUN, O., F. E. OLAIFA, and G. R. AKANDE. "AMINO ACID PROFILE AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) OF SMOKED FARMED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) RAISED UNDER DIFFERENT CULTURE SYSTEMS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1709.
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Fish food quality and safety is critical to consumers due to its public health implication. To exploit huge export opportunities for smoked farmed catfish, there is need for strict adherence to international quality and safety standards. This paper examined amino acid profile and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of smoked farmed catfish Clarias gariepinus raised under different culture systems with a view to determining its quality and safety. Six farms with the two most common fish culture systems (3 concrete tanks (CTs) and 3 earthen ponds (EPs) were purposively selected based on frequency of harvest and yield. Fish samples (500±10g) obtained from these farms after 4 months of culture were processed, smoked, packaged and stored for 36 weeks. Amino acid profile in farmed fresh and smoked C. gariepinus was determined at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of storage and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was determined at 0 and 16 weeks of storage. These were compared with traditional smoked wild catfish obtained from local fish processor (LFP). The amino acids with highest concentrations (mg/g) found in this study were leucine (22.16 - 31.61 and 13.89 – 29.64), lysine (16.31 – 20.19 and 9.86 – 18.08), arginine (15.16 – 12.29 and 8.97 - 15.86), valine (15.96 – 21.35 and 9.68 - 19.36 ) and asparagine (19.66 – 21.61 and 12.36 mg/g – 20.71mg/g) for fresh and smoked catfish respectively. Levels of other amino acids ranged from 1.5mg/g to 9.98mg/g in smoked fish and 2.95mg/g to 12.21mg/g in fresh fish. The mean total poly aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked catfish at 16 weeks of storage were 0.039±0.004µg/kg, 0.034±0.005 µg/kg and 0.053±0.005 µg/kg for EP, CT and LFP, respectively. Therefore smoked farmed catfish raised under different culture systems still contain essential amino acids and Benzo(a)pyrene which is a carcinogen was not at detectable level in the samples.
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Ajibola, S. I., S. O. Obasa, A. K. Akintokun, and I. Abdulraheem. "Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i1.2784.
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Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepimus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g)were fed Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1-1%; ABL2-2%; ABL3-3% and control-0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ±0.88 x 105 CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABLI. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.
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Pratiwi, Rifqah, Kurniawan Wahyu Hidayat, and Sumitro Sumitro. "Production Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Cultured With Added Probiotic Bacillus sp. on Biofloc Technology." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 9, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v9i3.16280.
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Biofloc technology (BFT) is one of the most developed aquaculture technologies, which aims to improve the efficiency of feed use by providing nutrients for flocs to be used by fish as a supplementary feed. Also, BFT serves to improve water quality through the breaking down of fish waste materials assisted by heterotrophic bacteria. Bacteria used in this study were Bacillus sp. as probiotics in BFT. This study aimed to examine the production performance of catfish maintained with a biofloc system on an industrial scale, without experimental design. The average weight of catfish when stocking was 5.9 ± 0.0 g/fish with a density of 7000 fish in 9 unit circular ponds. This studies showed after 78 days of culture, bodyweight gain about 28.6 g/fish to 41.7 g/fish, highest specific growth rate was K2 (2.4 ± 0.2% BW/day), the highest survival rate K2 (98.87 ± 6.64% BW/day), highest grow rate K1 (41.7 ± 5.8 g) and the best FCR K9 (0.95 ± 0.11).
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Abraham, Thangapalam Jawahar, Prakash Kumar Mallick, and Pradipta Paul. "African catfish Clarias gariepinus farming practices in North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, India." Journal of Fisheries 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v6i1.2018.280.
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Clarias gariepinus is widely cultured due to its tolerance to environmental extremes, high production and good feed conversion rate. This communication describes the farming practices of C. gariepinus in North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal. Clarias gariepinus is cultured in ponds of 0.1–0.75 ha, where fingerlings were stocked at a density of 860–1150 cubic meter–1. The current practices of seed transportation were stressful to fish as the majority of the farmers noticed 5–10% mortalities, despite the use of antibiotics. Acclimatization of seeds was practiced by the majority of farmers before stocking. Different feeds including slaughter-house wastes and dead poultry were supplied. Multiple stocking and harvesting were a common practice. Major problems identified were insufficient feed, disease, transport, poor seed quality and lack of financial support. The survival percentage was poor, as 88% of the farmers recorded <40–50% survival at harvest. Dropsy was the most common disease and had a significant impact on economy. Antibiotics or other aquadrugs were frequently used for treatment, although the success varied. In general, the C. gariepinus farming has helped to recycle the wastes generated in and around metropolitan Kolkata and adjacent municipalities into wealth, but it suffers from management issues and huge economic losses. This calls for immediate attention from researchers, administrators and extension personals.
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Romanova, E. M., V. V. Romanov, V. N. Lyubomirova, L. A. Shadieva, and T. M. Shlenkina. "Increase in nonspecific resistance of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in industrial aquaculture." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700122.
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The article discusses prospects for use of the theory of adaptogens in demand in medicine and in the fish breeding practice. The obtained results show that the adaptogens use at the early stages of catfish ontogenesis (Clarias Gariepinus, Burchell 1822) can cause the condition of nonspecific increased resistance and expand the adaptive flexibility range of this specie. Adaptogen trekrezan used in our experiments (Oxyethylammonium methylphenoxiacetate) is a synthetic analogue of the natural ginseng. Its application in the embryo culture process has shown positive results. It has reduced the level of the developmental anomaly, increased the first stage larvae hatching and their viability, significantly decreased the mortality rate and reduced the level of cannibalism common for catfish larvae. We have determined that the larvae breeding in the trekrezan medium has considerably increased their growth rate, and weight gain. The obtained results are new, and the adaptogens use at the early stages of ontogenesis in industrial catfish aquaculture is recommended. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-416-730005.
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Ibo, Frengky, Henneke Pangkey, Hengky J. Sinjal, and Indra RN Salindeho. "EVALUASI EFEK KOMBINASI PAKAN DAN ESTRADIOL_17β TERHADAP PEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus)." JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS 8, no. 3 (December 12, 2012): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jpkt.8.3.2012.406.
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Keberhasilan reproduksi dan efisiensi waktu kersediaan benih merupakan hal yang penting dalam budidaya lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Reproduksi ikan banyak ditentukan oleh nutrisi dan stimulasi dengan menggunakan hormon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek pemberian pakan dengan komposisi nutrien berbeda dan penyuntikan hormon estradiol_17β dosis berbeda, terhadap pematangan gonad induk lele dumbo. Ada dua jenis pakan yang digunakan yaitu pakan Profish yang diramu oleh Balai Budidaya Air Tawar, Tatelu; dan pakan KRA sebagai pakan komersil untuk budidaya ikan kerapu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbedaan perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap perbedaan lama waktu matang gonad induk ikan lele dumbo. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis pegaruh faktor jenis pakan terhadap lama waktu matang menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis pakan memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap lama waktu matang induk lele dumbo. Hasil analisis pengaruh dosis hormon terhadap lama waktu matang gonad induk lele dumbo menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beda lama waktu matang yang sangat nyata antara induk ikan lele dumbo yang disuntik dengan dosis estradiol_17β yang berbeda. Sementara, hasil analisis interaksi antara faktor jenis pakan dan faktor dosis hormon menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh faktor jenis pakan terhadap lama waktu matang gonad induk lele dumbo, berubah secara signifikan, pada saat perubahan taraf faktor dosis hormon. Kata kunci: lele dumbo Clarias gariepinus, pakan, estradiol_17β, pematangan gonad The success reproduction and time efficiency in producting seed are crucial in the culture of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish reproduction is greatly affected by nutrition and responded will to external hormonal introduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding with different nutrient composition and hormone injections estradiol_17β different doses, the parent gonad maturation African catfish. There are two types of feed used as feeds Profish concocted by the Balai Budidaya Air Tawar, Tatelu, and KRA as feed commercial feed for grouper. The results showed that the difference in treatment provides a significant influence on differences in the length of time the parent fish gonads mature African catfish. Furthermore, the results of factor analysis pegaruh diets for a long time is ripe suggests that differences in the type of feed is a very real influence on the length of time differences stem mature African catfish. The results of the analysis of the influence of the hormone dose to the gonads mature long stem African catfish showed that there are different length of time is a very real mature between African catfish parent fish were injected with different doses estradiol_17β. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the interaction between these factors and the type of feed-dose hormonal factors suggests that the influence of the type of feed for a long time holding the gonads mature African catfish, changed significantly, at a dose factor hormone level changes. Keywords: catfish Clarias gariepinus, diet, estradiol_17β, gonadal maturation.
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Adesola, Ola-Oladimeji Folasade, Michael Olufemi Awodiran, Victor Folorunso Olaleye, and Joel Idowu Awopetu. "Genetic Characterization Based on Rapd-Pcr in Cultured Strains of Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae)." Genetics of Aquatic Organisms 4, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/2459-1831-v4_2_03.
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The genetic polymorphisms of catfish populations collected from four fish farms in four Southwestern states of Nigeria were determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. This was to characterize the strains genetically and provide information on the studied catfish. Following standard procedures, polymerase chain reaction was performed by mixing 15 μl reaction mixture containing FIREPOL® Taq DNA polymerase, MgCl2, dNTPs, distilled water, dyes and glycerol, with 1.0 μl DNA sample of 16-week old C. gariepinus strains using OPA03, OPA04, OPC02, OPB08, OPC11, OPG16, OPG19 and OPA19 primers. A sum of 1708 loci having 3072 bands was amplified in all the samples. The RAPD analysis revealed significant genetic variability (P<0.05) among the four sampled populations. The unweighted pair group method with average (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei’s unbiased genetic distance matrix separated the Clarias gariepinus populations into two clades. The first clade was made up of populations from Ibadan and Abeokuta while the second clade consisted of populations from Ado-Ekiti and Ile-Ife. Thus, it is imperative to determine the genetic variation and population structure of the stocks of C. gariepinus in advance before commencing on breeding programmes.
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Uka, A., P. S. Asangusung, and G. G. Okoro. "Effects of different synthetic hormone preparations on fertilization and hatching in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 34, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v34i1.1.
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The effect of different synthetic hormonal preparations on fertilization and hatching in Clarias gariepinus was investigated. The fish were injected with three different synthetic hormones namely: ovaprim, ovulin, and carp pituitary extracts (CPE) designated as treatments A, B, and C respectively. These were all replicated three times in a complete randomized design. The eggs were monitored until fertilization and hatching were completed. The results of the experiment were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). From the results, treatment B had the highest percentage fertilization (79.4%) and hatchability (80.0%), which were significantly different (p>0.05) from both treatments A and C. Treatment C had the least values of 67.7% and 62.30%. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) amongst the water parameters of the culture units examined during the experimental period. The results of this study showed that all the three hormones yielded good performance but ovulin was the best preferred.
Keywords: Ovaprim, ovulin, fertilization, hatching, C. gariepinus.
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NWABUISI, OKOYE CHIDOZIE, ANIETIE FRANCIS UDOUMOH, DAN-JUMBO SUSAN OMUBOBA, EZE UKAMAKA UCHENNA, OZOKOYE ANTHONY CHUKWUEMEKA, and UGWU ONYINYECHI HULDA. "Morphometric and histological features of the testicles of cultured male broodstock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at different ages." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15607.
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Testicular tissues obtained from 25 apparently healthy broodstock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) of 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 months old were used to investigate the morphological adaptations of the testicles suitable for reproductive exercises. The result showed that the mean gonadosomatic indices of the pooled testicles of the catfish increased linearly from 0.30 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.45 ± 0.09 at 6, 8, and 9 months of age respectively and peaked at 12 months with a GSI value of 0.61±0.13. Moreover, the epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules of 9 month old catfish was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the epithelial heights of the 6, 8, 10 and 12 month old fish. The luminal diameters of the seminiferous tubules of the testicles of 10 and 12 months old catfish were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the luminal diameters of the 6, 8 and 9 months old fish. The encapsulated testicles of the catfish exhibited seminiferous lobules which contained spermatogenic cells in cysts. However, at 10 months, there were partial distortion of the cystic distribution of the spermatogenic cells and occasional loss of the germinal epithelium while evidences of necrosis of some of the cells of the seminiferous epithelium were recorded in the testicles of 12 months old fish. Finally, the present study has provided morphological evidences that the use of gonadosomatic indices alone in the determination of the reproductive state of a fish population may give an erroneous picture and that the 8 and 9 months old broodstock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) may be most suitable for breeding exercises.
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Oladunjoye, R. Y., O. O. Fafioye, R. A. Asiru, G. O. Bakare, and A. A. Odusolu. "Haematological and histopathological examinations of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to petroleum wastewater." Scientia Africana 20, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v20i2.12.
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Effects of petroleum refinery wastewater on Clarias gariepinus juvenile were investigated. Commercially obtained C. gariepinus fingerlings were acclimatized in a plastic tank (100 L capacity) of de-chlorinated tap water at 25±2°C for 14 days and fed with commercial feed pellet at 2% body weight of the fingerlings. Bioassay tests were carried out in four transparent plastics tank with nominal concentrations of 100 ml, 200 ml, 300 ml of the wastewater added to 40L of de-chlorinated tap water and only de-chlorinated tap water as control. Each tank contains twenty fish samples, while the assay was replicated three times concurrently. Following standard procedures, behavioural response, growth changes, haematological and histopathological tests were carried out on the samples. Significant reduction in the weight was observed in the fingerlings cultured with the wastewaters, while no significant difference occurred in the control fish. Highest values of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (22), Haemoglobin (HB) (7.0), Red Blood Cell (RBC) (1.62) and endocochlear potential (EP) (5) were recorded for the control fish than exposed fish. On the other hand, Haptoglobin (HP), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) were higher in the blood of exposed fish than in control. Histopathologically, exposed fishes showed no visible lesion in gills except from the thickening of the lamellae as the concentration of wastewater increases, indicating an increase in tissue disintegration. Similarly, gross tissue disintegration was observed in those fish exposed to 200ml wastewater as evidenced by the presence of large open spaces (hepatocytes) in the liver.
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Onunkwor, B. O., T. O. Akinpelu, O. J. Oladipupo, R. N. Ugbaja, O. J. Olaoye, J. Abdulraheem, and D. O. Babayemi. "Impact of Ogun River pollution on antioxidants and proximate composition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.955.
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Most rivers in Nigeria are polluted without conscious efforts to abate ensuant consequences. Thus, Clarias gariepinus, an aquatic commercial food from Ogun River, Nigeria, was studied to investigate the impact of pollution on antioxidants and proximate composition. During the rainy season, 50 C. gariepinus (average weight 426.53 ± 24.40g and length 37.73 ± 0.95cm) were site sampled, 10 from each of Ago-Odo, Ago-Ika, Oke-Sokori, and Quarry along Ogun River course. Ajegunle-Adao cultured pond, served as control. The parameters assayed for included: some heavy metals and physico-chemical properties of sampled water, antioxidants and proximate composition of the fish samples. Physicochemical parameters of river studied showed that temperature of all sites ranged from 26 to 29°C, pH: 6.9 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen: 9.5 to 21.6, biochemical oxygen demand: 3.60 to 14.10, and chemical oxygen demand: 60 to 650. Lead (Pb) concentration ranged from 4.0 to 17.0 μg/L and cadmium (Cd): 0.0 to 6.0 μg/L. Blood Pb, Cd, activities of: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, plasma xanthine oxidase, and lipid peroxidation level of fish samples from Ago-Ika were most significantly (p < 0.05) high, with significant (p < 0.05) lowest reduced glutathione concentration amongst the samples from polluted sites when compared to control fish. Proximate analysis showed that the fish samples from Ogun River had significantly (p < 0.05) lower protein, fat contents, and higher nitrogen-free extract while Ago-Ika, Oke-Sokori and Quarry sites had significantly (p < 0.05) lower moisture, ash and fibre contents when compared with control. It can be concluded that the impact of pollution induced oxidative stress and significantly diminished the nutritional value of C. gariepinus from Ogun River.
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Ibidunni, Adegbesan Sherifat, Obasa Samuel Olubodun, and Abdulraheem Ikililu. "Growth performance, haematology and histopathology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying levels of Aloe barbadensis leaves." Journal of Fisheries 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v6i1.2018.245.
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One hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2.33 ± 0.07 g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1, 1%; ABL2, 2%; ABL3, 3%, and control, 0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Mean weight gain and percentage weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as concentration of A. barbadensis increased. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. Differences (P < 0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in ABL3: PCV (36.67 ± 0.89%), Hb (12.37 ± 0.37 g dl–1) and RBC (3.47 ± 0.08×106 L–1) and lowest in control: PCV (22.0 ± 0.58%), Hb (7.37 ± 0.20 g dl–1) and RBC (2.07 ± 0.06 ×106 L–1). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste could effectively improve growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus.
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Abraham, Thangapalam Jawahar, Prakash Kumar Mallick, Harresh Adikesavalu, and Sayani Banerjee. "Pathology of Edwardsiella tarda infection in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings." Archives of Polish Fisheries 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2015-0016.
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AbstractEdwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens infecting both cultured and wild fish species. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic characterization and pathogenicity of E. tarda isolated from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) with dropsy and histopathological alterations. The causative agent was identified with Vitek 2, and its pathogenicity was determined by intramuscular injection. The challenged catfish exhibited vertical hanging, frothing, excess mucus production, listing, swollen abdomen, anorexia, fin and tail rot, and reddish operculum. The LD50of E. tarda PBB and PBP strains was found to be 8.52 × 106and 1.68 × 107cells fish-1, respectively. Histopathological observations on catfish infected naturally revealed lymphocyte infiltration in muscle and focal necrosis, hyperplasia, edema, and swelling of the gill lamellar epithelium. The kidney of diseased fish exhibited ischemic type tubulopathy, necrosis of nephritic tubules, hyperplastic hematopoietic tissue, rupture of the tubular basement membrane, hydropic dystrophy of nephritic cells, neutrophil infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis of nephretic tubules, hemosiderin deposition, and edema. The liver sections revealed lymphocyte infiltration, dilation of hepatic sinusoids, expansion of space between hepatic sinusoids, and focal necrosis. The inflammatory responses observed in kidney and liver in the present study were presumably suppuration and were attributed to the potential virulence factors of E. tarda.
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Triyanto, Triyanto, Kamiso H. N., and A. Isnansetyo. "PENGARUH VAKSINASI INDUK LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) TERHADAP KELULUSHIDUPAN, PERTUMBUHAN BENIH DAN PRODUKSI IKAN." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 1, no. 1 (January 26, 1996): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.8848.
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In Indonesia, outbreak of MAS on cultured African catfish occurs periodically. The outbreek seems relate closely to quality of fry,. High quality fry and proper handling will ensure the successful of African catfish culture. Vaccination on vrooders is one of methods to produce high quality of African catfish fry. The objectives of this experiment were to know effect of fingerling produced by vaccination brooders on survival., growth rate, and fish production during grow out periode. Female and male brooders were vaccinated by intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml vaccine respectively. Unvaccinated brooders were used as control. Those brooders were spawned 2-4 weeks after vaccination. Fry which produced by unvaccinated brooders was reared separately in paddy field pond 15 days for the first nursery rearing. Fingerling produced by the second nursery rearing period was used for grow out for 3 mounths. Results of this experiment indicated that brooders vaccination could increase survival rate and production of African catfish approximately 22.16% and 9.94% from control respectively. However, the length and weight of fingerling produced by vaccinated brooders were lower than fingerling produced by unvaccinated brooders
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Ajibola, S. I., S. O. Obasa, A. K. Akintokun, and I. Abdulraheem. "Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i2.725.
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Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g) were fed with Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1–1%; ABL2–2%; ABL3–3% and control–0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ± 0.88 x 105CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABL1. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105 CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.
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Soedibya, Petrus Hary Tjahja, Taufik Budhi Pramono, and Emyliana Listiowati. "Growth performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in biofloc system at high stocking density." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.244-252.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><em> </em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This study was aimed to analyze the growth performance of African catfish <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> cultured in the biofloc system at high stocking density. African catfish with an average weight of 1.85±0.09 g were cultured in four units of tarpaulin tank at a diameter of 1.72 m and a height of 1.05 m with a volume of ±2,000 L at the different density of 1,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>. During rearing period, fish were given the artificial feed with protein contents of 28.75% with the frequency of twice a day, as much as 3% of the body weight. The results showed that different treatment of high stocking density in the biofloc system had a significant effect on the absolute growth rate, lipid retention and energy retention (P<0.05) but not significant effect on daily growth rate. The results showed that the highest lipid retention and energy retention were found in the group of fish treated at a stocking density of 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup> but declining protein retention and growth in fish occurred. The highest absolute growth rate and daily growth rate were shown by treatment with a stocking density of 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: growth, stocking density, biofloc <em></em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo Clarias gariepinus yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok dengan padat penebaran tinggi. Ikan uji memiliki berat rata-rata 1,85±0,09 g yang dipelihara pada kolam terpolin berdiameter 1,72 m dan tinggi 1,05 m dengan volume air ±2.000 L sebanyak empat unit dengan kepadatan yang berbeda yaitu 1.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. Selama 40 hari masa pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 28,75% dengan frekwensi dua kali sehari, sebanyak 3% dari berat tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan padat penebaran tinggi pada sistem bioflok memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, retensi lemak dan retensi energi (P<0,05) namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertmbuhan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi padat penebaran terjadinya peningkatan retensi lemak dan retensi energi yaitu pada perlakuan padat penebaran 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup> tetapi terjadi penurunan nilai retensi protein dan pertumbuhan pada ikan. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan dengan padat penebaran 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, padat tebar, bioflok</p>
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Soedibya, Petrus Hary Tjahja, Taufik Budhi Pramono, and Emyliana Listiowati. "Growth performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in biofloc system at high stocking density." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.255-263.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><em> </em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This study was aimed to analyze the growth performance of African catfish <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> cultured in the biofloc system at high stocking density. African catfish with an average weight of 1.85±0.09 g were cultured in four units of tarpaulin tank at a diameter of 1.72 m and a height of 1.05 m with a volume of ±2,000 L at the different density of 1,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>. During rearing period, fish were given the artificial feed with protein contents of 28.75% with the frequency of twice a day, as much as 3% of the body weight. The results showed that different treatment of high stocking density in the biofloc system had a significant effect on the absolute growth rate, lipid retention and energy retention (P<0.05) but not significant effect on daily growth rate. The results showed that the highest lipid retention and energy retention were found in the group of fish treated at a stocking density of 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup> but declining protein retention and growth in fish occurred. The highest absolute growth rate and daily growth rate were shown by treatment with a stocking density of 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: growth, stocking density, biofloc <em></em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo Clarias gariepinus yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok dengan padat penebaran tinggi. Ikan uji memiliki berat rata-rata 1,85±0,09 g yang dipelihara pada kolam terpolin berdiameter 1,72 m dan tinggi 1,05 m dengan volume air ±2.000 L sebanyak empat unit dengan kepadatan yang berbeda yaitu 1.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. Selama 40 hari masa pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 28,75% dengan frekwensi dua kali sehari, sebanyak 3% dari berat tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan padat penebaran tinggi pada sistem bioflok memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, retensi lemak dan retensi energi (P<0,05) namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertmbuhan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi padat penebaran terjadinya peningkatan retensi lemak dan retensi energi yaitu pada perlakuan padat penebaran 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup> tetapi terjadi penurunan nilai retensi protein dan pertumbuhan pada ikan. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan dengan padat penebaran 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, padat tebar, bioflok</p>
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Adegbesan, S. I., and I. Abdulraheem. "Growth performance, nutrient utilization, haematology and serum biochemistry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) broodstock fed varying levels of Aspilia africana leaves-paste." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 1 (December 19, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i1.197.
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Dietary supplementation with phytobiotics is a promising area in fish nutrition towards promoting the growth and health status of cultured fish. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Aspilia africana leaves-paste (AAL) on the growth, haematology and serum biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus broodstock. Experiment was carried out in a 24 net-happa (0.6m x 1.07m x 1.2m) suspended in an earthen pond (30 m x 5 m x 1.2m). Forty-eight (7 months old fish, 24 males (0.80±0.04kg) and 24 females (0.70±0.03kg)) were stocked at two fish per net-happa under four treatments in six replicates in a completely randomized design. Four diets (40% crude protein) were formulated to contained: control (0%); AAL1 (0.5%); AAL2 (1%) and AAL3 (1.5%). Fish were fed ad libitum twice daily for 16 weeks. Data on all parameters were analyzed using ANOVA. The highest mean weight gain, MWG: 3.13±0.15kg and lowest feed conversion ratio, FCR: 1.30± 0.04 were recorded in broodstock fed 1.5% AAL3. The lowest MWG (1.27±0.03kg) and highest FCR: 1.72±0.03) were obtained in broodstock fed control diet. The lowest packed cell volume: 15.83 ± 0.17 % and haemoglobin: 5.25 ± 0.1 (g/dL) were recorded in fish fed 1% and 1.5% AAL. No significant differences in the total protein and creatinine values obtained between fish fed 1% and 1.5% AAL. The study recommended the dietary inclusion of 1.5% A. africana leaves-paste to effectively promote growth and nutrient utilization of cultured C. gariepinus broodstock
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Usman, M. D., A. M. Wakawa, A. Musa, K. H. Ahmad, and A. Isiaku. "Occurrence of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae in cultured Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) in Kano metropolis, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i2.5.
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Multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from cultured African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from ten different fish farms located in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using conventional methods of bacterial isolation, phenotypic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility test. This study seeks to document the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae isolates in cultured African catfish from ten registered fish farms, determine possible resistance to some antimicrobials and the fish safety for human consumption. Isolation and identification of microorganisms were carried out based on the standard procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility to 8 commonly used antimicrobials were conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the 400 fish liver sampled, 370 (92.5%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae isolates, these included 277 (69.25%) E. coli, 13 (3.25%) Salmonella spp, 36 (9%) Klebsiella spp, 21 (5.25%) Proteus spp and 23 (5.75%) Enterobacter spp. The prevalence of the multi-drug resistance was 97.5% for E. coli, 100% for Salmonella spp, 100% for Klebsiella spp, 90.5% for Proteus spp and 82.6% for Enterobacter spp. This study establishes the presence of some Enterobacteriaceae and the development of multi-drug resistance by these microorganisms. More studies like molecular characterization need to be carried out to determine the resistant genes in these organisms, also to assess antimicrobial use among fish farmers and the drug residue levels in the edible tissues of cultured African catfish in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria.
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Meylani, Vita, and Rinaldi Rizal Putra. "DETEKSI BAKTERI GENUS VIBRIO SEBAGAI CAUSATIVE AGENT PADA IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS VAR. SANGKURIANG) DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan) 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v5i1.1689.
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<em>Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus var Sangkuriang) is the main commodity that widely cultivated in Tasikmalaya City. However, farmers have difficulty because of the disease which causes death in fish. High mortality is suspected as a vibriosis disease by genus Vibrio because redness wounds on dead fish. The purpose of this study is to know the genus Vibrio which causes of disease in Sangkuriang catfish. 10 samples of fish were taken from Sangkuriang catfish pond culture in Kelurahan Kersanagara Tasikmalaya City which were potentially suspected of vibriosis disease. Isolation of bacteria were done on TCBS medium. Bacterial isolates were collected from fish lesion on the body surface, liver, and kidneys of catfish. Isolation were able to gained 21 isolates and then 5 isolates (VK1, VK5, VK7, VK17, and VK21) were selected based on colony morphology and Postulates Koch’s were tested. The results showed that the clinical symptoms of catfish infected by vibriosis were redness lesions/ulcers on the body surface, hemorrhagic, fluid inside stomach, and fin eroded with redness wound. Bacterial identification through biochemical test revealed the causative agent of catfish disease at brackish pond area were bacteria of the genus Vibrio (VK 1, VK 5, and VK 7), Vibrio vulnificus (VK 17 and VK 21).</em>
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Putra, Iskandar, Rusliadi Rusliadi, Muhammad Fauzi, Usman M. Tang, and Zainal A. Muchlisin. "Growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed a commercial diet and reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic." F1000Research 6 (August 22, 2017): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12438.1.
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Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed a commercial diet and reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic. Methods The treatment was the frequency of probiotic application into the cultured system, namely, 5-day interval, 10-day interval, and 15-day interval for 60 days of experiment. Biofloc culture was grown in an experiment tank (vol. 2000 L) by mixing the probiotic (Bacillus sp.) 10 mL and molasses 200 mL per liter of water. The fish was stocked into the biofloc system 7 days after cultured at stocking density of 1000 fish tank-1. The fish was fed a commercial diet that contains 38% crude protein, twice a day at satiation. The application of probiotic was reperformed after 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days after stocking. Results The study showed that the growth performance, survival, and feed utilization of African catfish were higher in the treatment at 5-day intervals over 60 days. The ANOVA test showed that the application frequency of probiotic into biofloc system of cultured media had the significant effect on the growth performance, survival rate, and feed utilization of African catfish. Conclusion The best growth performance and feed utilization were found at the application of probiotic into biofloc system at 5-day intervals over 60 days.
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Dan-kishiya, Ahmed Salihu, and C. C. Ekpenwa. "GROWTH OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES FED GRADED LEVELS OF ROASTED RICE CHAFF AS ENERGY SOURCE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-119.
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The high cost of Maize as energy source in fish feed has necessitated the need to search for low cost and locally available indigenous sources. A six months feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of replacing maize with roasted rice chaff as a dietary energy source on the growth of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus using Completely Randomized block Design with five different treatments. The fishes were subjected to five different inclusion levels of roasted rice chaff meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The trial was conducted in a 50litres plastic bowl with replicates and feeding was done initially at 3% body weight, but the quantity of feeds was adjusted based on the new weight gain. The measurements of the fishes were carried out biweekly according to standard methods and procedures. The Roasted rice chaff meal (RRCM) contains 5.93% crude protein, 14.53% crude fibre, 0.92% moisture content, while Ash content, crude lipid and carbohydrates had 19.98%, 3.28% and 55.36% respectively. Fishes fed 100% RRCM recorded the best growth performance in body weight (435.10 ± 20.60gm), total length (45.30 ± 0.70cm), Specific growth rate (1.44 ± 0.01), Feed Conversion Ratio (2.50 ± 0.04) and Feed Intake (92.00 ± 3.40). While the least growth ware observed in 0% RRCM. However, all the physico-chemical parameters measured are within the recommended range for fish culture. Therefore, the result obtained shows that roasted rice chaff can replace maize as a source of energy in Clarias gariepinus.juveniles diets without any negative effect.
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Sumitro, Tatag Budiardi, Hilmi Fauzi, and Julie Ekasari. "Production Performance and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Mass Balance in Biofloc-based African Catfish Intensive Culture at Different Densities." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 20, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.20.1.82-92.
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This study aimed to evaluate the production performance and nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance of biofloc-based intensive African catfish Clarias gariepinus culture at different densities. African catfish with an average body weight of 2.64 ± 0.06 g was randomly distributed into 12 units of round tank with a working volume of 2 m3 of water and maintained for 8 weeks. A completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (in triplicates), i.e. a control treatment at a fish density of 500 fish m-3 with regular water exchange and without organic carbon source addition, and biofloc treatments (BFT) at three different densities, i.e. 500 fish m-3 (BFT500), 750 fish m-3 (BFT750), and 1000 fish m-3 (BFT1000). Biofloc systems were performed with a regular addition of tapioca flour (40% C). The production performance between biofloc system and the control was not significantly different, however water and nitrogen utilizations were significantly more efficient in biofloc system than those of the control. The highest fish specific growth rate was observed in BFT1000 and BFT500 (6.01% day-1 and 5.96% day-1, respectively) (P<0.05). Fish density significantly affected the fish growth performance and productivity in biofloc systems, but not nitrogen and phosphorus utilizations. In conclusion, higher fish density significantly increased the production and water utilization efficiency in biofloc systems, but has no effect on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the fish density could significantly reduce the fish survival and require more efforts to control biofloc biomass in the culture system.
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Putra, Setiawan Eka, Endah Sri Redjeki, and Sa’idah Luthfiyah. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS PROBIOTIK YANG BERBEDA PADAPAKAN KOMERSIL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE DUMBO(Clariasgariepinus) PEMELIHARAAN PADAT TEBAR TINGGI." Jurnal Perikanan Pantura (JPP) 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jpp.v1i2.463.
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African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one type of freshwater fish that has high economic value. African catfish with intensive cultivation are hampered by the high cost of feed that is not in accordance with the selling price of African catfish. An alternative effort that can be done is the addition of probiotics to feed which is expected to reduce feed costs. Probiotics are living microorganisms in fish culture that can prevent disease, thereby increasing production and can reduce economic losses. This study aims to analyze the effect of probiotics on the growth of absolute weight and daily growth rate of African catfish. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments namely 0, 2, 4 and 6 ml / kg of feed and repeated 3 times. Activities carried out in this study include preparation of containers, seed stocking, fish sampling, feed preparation, feeding and water management. The variables observed were absolute weight growth and daily growth rate. The results showed that the addition of probiotics to commercial feed significantly affected the growth of weight and daily growth rate of African catfish
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Nguyen Phuc, Hung, Nguyen Do Thi, and Phuong Nguyen Mai. "EFFECTS OF TURMERIC RESIDUE ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus × Heterobranchus bidorsalis)." Journal of Science Natural Science 65, no. 10 (October 2020): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2020-0057.
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Turmeric residue (TR), which is obtained from the extraction process of curcuminoids, may remain biological active compounds. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the TR on hematological parameters, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × Heterobranchus bidorsalis). Three experimental diets were formulated denoted as follows: BD (Basal diet), BTR1D (BD plus 1% TR powder), and BTR2D (BD plus 2% TR powder). Twelve juvenile hybrid catfish with an initial body weight of 180 g were allocated to each of the 6 concrete tanks (350-L holding capacity), resulting in two replicate tanks per dietary treatment. For 4 weeks, the fish were hand-fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The results showed that the final body weight and weight gain tended to increase in fish fed TR-supplemented diets, and significant differences were recorded in the BTR2D group as compared to the BD group (P < 0.05). In contrast, FCR values were decreased in fish fed BTR1D and BTR2D in comparison with those fed BD, and the FCR value of the BTR2D group was significantly lower than that of the BD group (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count and protein and lipid apparent digestibility coefficients were higher in fish fed TR-supplemented diets than those fed BD. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of the TR was beneficial to hematological parameters, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and feed utilization in hybrid catfish. The positive effects of the BTR2D on fish performances in the present study suggest that supplementation of the TR at the ratio of 2% in the diet may be necessary for hybrid catfish practical culture.
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Mustapha, Moshood Keke, Bolarinwa Faith Akinware, Charles A. Faseyi, and Aminat Ajoke Alade. "Comparative effect of local and foreign commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v2i2.2014.25.
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Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed with a local feed and coppens commercial feed were observed for 16 weeks at the laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The proximate compositions and economics of the feeds and the water quality of the cultured tanks were assessed. Fish fed with coppens showed significant (P<0.05) higher weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and low food conversion ratio than fish fed with local feed. Significant (P<0.05) higher mortality were recorded in fish fed with the local feed. The growth performance was a reflection of the proximate composition of the feeds with local feed having low crude protein (10.95%), lipid (3.95%) and ash (4.92%) when compared to coppens which had 42% crude protein, 12% lipid and 9.5% ash with protein being most significant. Carbohydrate (69.90%) and crude fiber (2.88%) were higher in the local feed than in coppens with an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid ratio. Mortality was attributed to stress resulting from the poor quality of the feed. Cost of feeding with local feed to a weight gain of 31.67g was ₦80, while the cost of feeding with coppens to a weight gain of 148.58g was ₦16.
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Abdel-Hay, Abdel-Hay, Monira Elsawy, Wasseem Emam, Wael Eltras, and Radi Mohamed. "Haematological and biochemical blood profile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in ponds of different water depth and fed sinking versus floating diet." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 37, no. 2 (2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2102117a.
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This study contributes data on haematological and biochemical parameters of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. It employed a 3 ? 2 factorial design with three ponds of different water depth (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m) and two types of feed (floating and sinking). Twelve earthen ponds (1 m x 2 m) were stocked with 16 fingerlings catfish each (mean weight ~100g) and their blood parameters were monitored over 12 weeks. Differences in hematological parameters related to water depth were mostly significant, and better results were recorded in fish reared in shallower water ponds. Feed type showed improved hematological parameters with using of sinking diet. Most biochemical parameters showed significant differences in pond waters depth and feed type with better results coincided with rearing fish in shallower water depth and with sinking feed. Conclusively, culturing Catfish in shallow ponds (0.5 m) and use of sinking feed improve physiological response and health condition.
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Akongyuure, Daniel Nsoh. "Feeding Ecology and Reproductive Biology of some Economically Important Fish Species in the Tono Reservoir, Ghana." International Letters of Natural Sciences 78 (April 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.23.
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The study of feeding ecology and reproductive biology ensures that the right management measures are applied for best output of fish stocks. Selection of good fish species for culture is also made possible through feeding and reproductive studies. Ghana over-relies on the culture of Nile tilapia and African catfish because there is no reliable scientific information on potential fish species that can be included for fish farming. The current study sought to investigate food habits and reproductive characteristics of economically important fish species in the Tono Reservoir of Northern Ghana. Monthly sampling was carried out from January, 2015 to December, 2016 (24 months). Specimens were obtained using cast net and gillnets of varying mesh sizes. Specimens were immediately transported to the laboratory in a chilled iced chest of temperature 4 for morphometric measurements and microscopic analysis of gut content and gonads. Thirty-three (33) individual food items were identified from all the fish species. Phytoplankton was the most important diet (Index of Relative Importance, IRI = 1923) whereas zooplankton was the least important diet (IRI = 35) out of the five major categories of food items identified from all the fish species. The major peaks of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females were noted in February – March and June – July. Over 80 % variation of fecundity was explained by the predictors (standard length, fish weight and gonad weight) for Clarias gariepinus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis. All the fish species were classified as omnivores and they spawned more than once in a year making all of them good candidates for aquaculture. Management measures should focus on regulating agricultural activities close to the reservoir and fishing activities in the reservoir for sustainable fish production and exploitation.
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Hastuti, Sri, Subandiyono Subandiyono, and Sarjito Sarjito. "PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE(Clarias gariepinus, Burchel) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN SECARA SUPERINTENSIF MELALUI APLIKASI SISTEM IMTA DENGAN CACING Tubifex DI BOYOLALI Growth Performances of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchel) cultivated superintensif through Application of IMTA with Tubifex worm System in Boyolali." SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.12.1.30-34.
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ABSTRAK Usaha budidaya ikan di Boyolali mampu memberikan pendapatan dari usaha budidaya lele dengan hasil yang menjajikan. Usaha lele tersebut mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga sebesar 54% hingga 100%. Nilai R/C rasio lebih besar 1, yang berarti bahwa usaha tani budidaya ikan lele tersebut efisien dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Ketenaran Kabupaten Boyolali akan hasil budidaya ikan lele yang menjajikan secara ekonomi telah memacu penduduknya untuk memproduksi ikan lele.Hasil produksi ikan lele di Boyolali secara nyata dipengaruhin oleh variabel luas lahan dan variabel benih lele.Oleh karena itu, keterbatasan lahan yang dimiliki oleh para usahatani Sumber Rejeki tersebut menjadi permasalahan yang perlu dipecahkan.Untuk memaksimumkan produksi lele dengan lahan terbatas tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan teknologi IMTA (Integrated Multi TrophicAquaculture). Teknologi ini menggabung ikan lele dengan cacing tubifec, sehingga akan menghasilkan ikan lele dan tubifek.Namun kegiatan budidaya sistem IMTA yang menggabungkan antara ikan lele dengan cacing Tubifek masih tergolong belum pernah dilakuakan oleh para petani.Sistem IMTA ini memiliki beberapa kelebihan, yaitu (1) meningkatkan efisiensi input dan output yang menghasilkan kenaikan nilai ekonomis, karena dihasilkan ikan lele dan cacing tubifek. (2) memperbaiki atau meminimalisir limbah buangan kegiatan budidaya ikan, (3) meningkatkan kemanfaatan limbah kegiatan budidaya ikan yang potensial sebagai pupuk organik untuk proses produksi Tubifec. Benih lele berukuran bobot 1,5±0,1 g dipelihara dengan kepadatan 500 ekor per meter persegi. Selama pemeliharaan 3 bulan, ikan diberi pakan pelet komersial untuk lele secara ad satiationdengan frekwensi dua kali sehari. Pada bagian atas kolam dilengkapi dengan talang bertingkat sebagai tempat pemeliharaan tubifec. Air dari kolam dipompa ke atas talang atau wadah cacing tubifec. Hasil pemeliharan diperoleh ikan lele dengan pertumbuhan relatif sebesar 72,96 g% perhari dan angka kelngsungan hidup mencapai 96,66% dan nilai FCR sebesar 1. Selama satu bulan, Tubifec mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 66,66% Kata kunci: sistem imta, lele, boyolali, efisiensi produksi ABSTRACT Fish farming in Boyolali are able to provide income from catfish culture with promising results. The catfish effort to contribute to the household income by 54% to 100%. Rated R / C ratio is greater than 1, which means that the catfish farming are efficient and feasible to develop. The Boyolali was known as location of catfish production and that will be farmed economically promising has spurred citizens to produce catfish. The production of catfish in Boyolali significantly was affectedby land area and seed catfishvariable. Therefore, the limited land owned by the farmers “Sumber Rejeki” isa problem that needs to be solved. To maximize the production of catfish with limited space can be done throughIMTAtechnology (Integrated Multi TrophicAquaculture). This technology merge catfish with tubifex worms, so it will produce catfish and tubifex. However, farming activities with IMTA system that combines catfish with worms tubifex still relatively rare by farmers. IMTA system has several advantages, (1) improve the efficiency of inputs and outputs that result in increased economic value, as produced catfish and worm tubifex. (2) correct or minimize waste from fish farming activities, (3) increase the utilization of the fish farming waste as an organic fertilizer for the tubifex production process. Sized catfish seed weight of 1.5±0.1 g maintained at densities of 500 individuals per square meter. During the three-month rearing time, fish fed a commercial pellet for catfish ad satiation with a frequency of twice a day.At the top of the catfish pondwas put the equipment with arranged adouble level drine pipe as a tubifec pond culture. The water from the catfish pond is pumped to the top drine pipe or worm tubifecrearing tank. Results of the catfish farming wtih IMTA system were relative growth rate of catfish i.e. 72.96 g% daily and survival rate reached 96.66% and FCR value is 1. During one month, tubifex grow were66.66% Keywords: IMTA system, catfish, boyolali, production efficiency
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Nur, Indriyani, Afiyfah Fitriani, and Asnani Asnani. "THE POTENTIAL OF EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF Lantana camara Linn. AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL FOR CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) INFECTED BY Aeromonas hydrophila." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.4.1.2009.41-45.
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Freshwater catfish culture has been hampered by bacterial diseases. One of the agents of the bacterial disease is Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). The application of synthetic antibiotics has had some disadvantages such as bacterial resistance and undegradable in water. One of the potential antibacterial herbs is Lantana camara. Information of Lantana as an antibacterial on catfish is still limited. Therefore, the experiment of utilization of Lantana as an antibacterial for catfish should be conducted. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of Lantana extract as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish. The completely randomized design was applied consisting of four treatments using two parts of the plant, leaves and flowers. The treatments were: A = 1,000 ppm of leaves; B = 2,000 ppm of leaves; C = 1,000 ppm of flowers; D = 2,000 ppm of flowers), and control. Lantana extracts were diluted into each culture media which had been infected with A. hydrophila. Several factors were observed in this experiment such as prevalence with of MAS disease, survival rate, percentage of haematocrites and total of leukocytes of fish blood. The results showed that the fish treated with 2,000 ppm of flowers extract had a lower in prevalence of MAS disease and higher in survival rate than those treated with 1,000 ppm; 2,000 ppm of leaves; and 1,000 ppm of flowers, respectively. However, percentage of haematocrytes and total of leucocytes was not influenced by the extracts from different parts of Lantana plant. In conclusion, 2,000 ppm of Lantana flowers extract might be useful as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish culture.
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Triyatmo, Bambang, and Namastra Probosunu. "BUDIDAYA TERPADU LELE DUMBO DENGAN TANAMAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes), KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomea aquatica) DAN KAPU-KAPU (Pistia stratiotes)." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 4, no. 2 (August 28, 2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.8910.
Full textAbstract:
Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was cultured with an aquatic plant, water hyacinth/eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes), kangkung air (Ipomea aquatica) or kapu-kapu (Pistia stratiotes) in concrete ponds, for 3 months. Catfish cultured without aquatic plant was used as a control. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the survival rate as well as the growth of fish and aquatic plants.The survival rates of catfish cultured with I. aquatica, E. crassipes, and P. stratiotes were 76, 87, and 98%, respectively. In addition the survival rate of catfish cultured without any aquatic plant was 93%. The weight gain of catfish was 14,1-16,2 kg per pond. Whereas, the total weight gains of aquatic plant were 37,0, 27,7 and 7,7 kg per pond for E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, and I. aquatica,. Respectively. Dissolved oxygen, and the concentrations of NH3, NH4+ and PO43- in water with aquatic plants were higher than that of in water without aquatic plant. However, the concentration of CO2 was higher in water with aquatic plant.