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1
Salix, Jessie Lynn. "Lichens and their distribution in Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/salix/SalixJ04.pdf.
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Middlebrooks, Michael Louis. "Consequences of Kleptoplasty on the Distribution, Ecology, and Behavior of the Sacoglossan Sea Slug, Elysia clarki." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4162.
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The sacoglossan sea slug Elysia clarki is able to photosynthesize for three to four months using chloroplasts sequestered from its algal food sources. Furthermore, the slug is able to store multiple chloroplasts from different algal species within the same cell. This research, consisting of several related studies, explores the role that provision of organic nutrients via photosynthesis plays in the biology of the slug. The first chapter demonstrates that, under conditions of starvation, photosynthetic activity in E. clarki remains fully functional for one month after which it then declines. During the first month of starvation the slug exhibits similar feeding behavior as slugs provided a continuous supply of food, suggesting that photosynthesis delays the onset of starvation-induced behavioral changes. The second chapter explores E. clarki's spatial relationships with algae known to be food sources in the field. In areas with high slug density, edible algal populations were very low. DNA barcoding was employed to demonstrate that the algae found near slugs were poor predictors of which foods were actually consumed by slugs. Generally, there was a mismatch between algae available in the field and slug diets. The third chapter explores how E. clarki is able to maintain photosynthesis. After labeling with a C14 ALA incubation process, then chlorophyll was extracted from slugs and purified using HPLC. Results indicate that recently collected E. clarki are able to synthesize chlorophyll, whereas slugs starved for 3 months were not. Photosynthesis plays a very important role for E. clarki and its relationships with food algae.
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Markley, Barbara K. "Conceptual modeling of shallow subsurface sediment distribution as related to geomorphic interpretations Bellefontaine and Southwestern Clark, Ohio /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin992347066.
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Markley, Barbara Kathryn. "Conceptual Modeling of Shallow Subsurface Sediment Distribution as Related to Geomorphic Interpretations: Bellefontaine and Southwestern Clark County, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin992347066.
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Jonsson, Niklas. "Temporal and co-varying clause combining in Austronesian languages : Semantics, morpho-syntax and distributional patterns." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74794.
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This study investigates combined clause constructions for ten distinct semantic relations in a cross-section of Austronesian languages. The relations are of a temporal or co-varying nature, the former commonly expressed in English by such markers as when, then, until, etc. and the latter by if, so, because, etc. The research falls into three main sections. First, the study provides an overview of the semantic domain covered by the relevant relations in the Austronesian languages. Several subdistinctions are found to be made within the relations investigated. The study also explores polysemic relation markers, and a number of patterns are identified. The most common pattern is the overlap between open conditional and non-past co-occurrence relations, for which many Austronesian languages employ the same relation marker. Second, the study develops a morpho-syntactic typology of Austronesian clause combining based on three parameters related to features common to clause combining constructions. The typology divides the constructions into five different types that are ranked with regard to structural tightness. Some additional constructions, cutting across several types, are also discussed; in particular, asymmetric coordination, which involves the use of a coordinator to connect a fronted topicalized adverbial clause to the rest of the sentence. Finally, the study explores the distributional patterns of the morpho-syntactic types across the semantic relations, as well as across three geographical areas in the Austronesian region. In the former case, a clear correlation is found between posteriority and result relations on the one hand and looser structural types on the other. The distribution of types across the Austronesian region reveals few differences between the areas, although two tendencies could be detected: the Oceanic languages tend to employ slightly looser morpho-syntax, while the Formosan and Philippine languages employ slightly tighter morpho-syntax.
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Ertel, Brian Daniel. "Distribution, movements, and life-history characteristics of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri in the upper Yellowstone River drainage." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/ertel/ErtelB0511.pdf.
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Distribution and abundance of Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri, has declined across the historic range because of anthropogenic influences. Habitat has been fragmented and non-native species have been introduced that compete with, feed upon, or interbreed with cutthroat trout. As a result, many cutthroat trout populations are now isolated in headwater streams and life-history forms are lost or reduced. The upper Yellowstone River basin, above Yellowstone Lake, offers a rare opportunity to study Yellowstone cutthroat trout in a large, intact, river system with few anthropogenic influences. Understanding of life-history forms present in the upper Yellowstone River basin assist in proper conservation and management of the watershed. To determine cutthroat trout life-history forms present, their abundance, and habitat preferences, a combination of radio-telemetry, electrofishing, underwater census, habitat assessment, and age and growth were used. Movements of 151 cutthroat trout were tracked by aircraft, 2003-2005. Most relocated fish (98%) followed a lacustrine-adfluvial life history migration pattern, spending an average 24 days in the river. Cutthroat began entering the river in April and most emigrated by August. Fish migrated as far as 67 km to spawn and spawning aggregations within the system were found in only 11 locations. Underwater census and electrofishing surveys were used to determine fish distribution and abundance in the Yellowstone River and its tributaries. Main stem cutthroat trout densities were low and not evenly distributed. A mean of 8 fish/500 m reach were sampled with the majority in 8 reaches. Juvenile (<150 mm, <2 years old) and large adult (>330 mm, >4 years old) cutthroat trout were found in the main stem, but fish from 151-330 mm (age 3) were absent. Within tributaries, fish densities ranged from 1.7-49.5 fish/100 m reach. Fish up to 305 mm were sampled and ranged 1 to 4 years in age. Data from this study suggest most cutthroat trout in the upper Yellowstone River express a lacustrine-adfluvial life history, however, some fluvial fish are present in tributaries. These findings will be important in driving conservation and management decisions in this drainage and provide critical information in future ESA listing considerations.
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SOUZA, Luciano. "New trigonometric classes of probabilistic distributions." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5127.
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-13<br>In this thesis, four new probabilistic distribution classes are presented and investigated: sine, cosine, tangent and secant. For each of which a new kind of distribution was created, which were used for modelling real life data.By having an exponential distribution to compare the biases, a numerical simulation was obtained, making it possible to verify that the bias tends to zero as the sample size is increased. In addition to that, some numerical results for checking maximum likelihood estimates, as well as the results for finite samples, were obtained, just as much as several class properties and their respective distributions were also obtained, along with the expansions, maximum likelihood estimates, Fisher information, the first four moments, average, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, the generating function of moments and Renyi’s entropy. It was evidenced that all distributions have shown good fit when applied to real life data, when in comparison to other models. In order to compare the models, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (CAIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), the Hannan Quinn Information Criterion (HQIC) were used, along with two other main statistic sources: Cramer-Von Mises and Anderson-Darling. As a final step, the results of the analyses and the comparison of the results are brought up, as well as a few directions for future works.<br>Nesta tese apresentamos e investigamos quatro novas classes trigonométricas de distribuições
probabilísticas. As classes seno, cosseno, tangente e secante. Para cada uma das novas classes foi criada uma nova distribuição. Estas quatro novas distribuições foram usadas na modelagem de dados reais. Obtivemos uma simulação numérica, usando como base a distribuição exponencial, para se comparar os vicios (bias) e verificamos que, a medida que aumentamos o tamanho da amostra, o bias tende a zero. Alguns resultados numéricos para ver estimativas de máxima verossimilhança e os resultados para amostras finitas foram obtidos. Várias propriedades das classes e as suas distribuições foram obtidos. Obtemos as expansões, as estimativas de máxima verossimilhança, informações de Fisher, os quatro primeiros momentos, média, variância, assimetria e curtose, a função geradora de momentos e a entropia Rényi. Mostramos que todas as distribuições têm proporcionado bons ajustes quando aplicadas a dados
reais, em comparação com outros modelos. Na comparação dos modelos foram utilizados: o Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), o Akaike Information Criterion Corrigido (CAIC), a informação Bayesian Criterion (BIC), o critério de informação Hannan Quinn (HQIC) e duas das principais estatísticas também foram utilizadas: Cramer -von Mises e Anderson-Darling. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados da análise e comparação dos resultados, e orientações para trabalhos futuros.
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Babahacene, Sarah Fadila. "L'après contrat de distribution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10039.
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Le contrat de distribution entité juridique dynamique, est régi au moment de sa formation par une construction légale et jurisprudentielle portant sur l'avant-contrat, et lors de son exécution par les dispositions du Code civil, du Code de commerce et des règles du droit de la concurrence. La question se pose cependant de ce qui le gouverne au-delà de son terme. Cette période particulière est nommée l'après-contrat de distribution. Peu importe la raison de son extinction, le contrat de distribution ainsi terminé, il faudra s'interroger sur la nature des règles applicables aux rapports post-contractuels entre ex-contractants. Aujourd'hui le droit commun des contrats ne suffit plus pour la liquidation du passé contractuel entre distributeur et fournisseur, un autre droit émerge influencé d'une part, par l'économie et de l'autre, par l'internationalisation du contrat de distribution impliquant l'inspiration des droits étrangers, du droit communautaire et international, mais également, des nombreux projets de réforme du droit des obligations à différents niveaux. Toutes ces réflexions permettront d'établir une approche plus pratique du régime des règles applicables à cette période complexe de l'après contrat de distribution<br>The distribution contract, legal framework, governed at the time of its formation by a legal and jurisprudential construction at the preliminary contract, and during its execution by the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and the rules of competition law. The question arises, however, what governs beyond its end. This particular period is named : the post-contract distribution. Whatever the reason for termination, when the distribution contract is over, it is necessary to consider the nature of the rules governing post-contractual relationship between contractors. Today, the general law of contracts is insufficient about the liquidation of the contractual past between distributor and supplier. Another right emerge, influenced in part, by the economy and the internationalization of the distribution contract involving the inspiration of foreign laws; Community and international law, but also, many reform projects of obligations laws. All these reflexions will establish a more practical approach to the legal regime applies to this complex period of the post-contract distribution
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Lockheart, Matthew James. "Isotope compositions and distributions of individual compounds as indicators for environmental conditions : comparisons between contemporary and Clarkia fossil leaves." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389098.
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Carvalho, Ana Luísa da Cunha. "A erosão da classe média europeia, o crescimento da nova classe média global e o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13542.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus<br>O declínio das classes médias Ocidentais está associado à crescente polarização entre uma pequena mas poderosa elite e uma classe trabalhadora progressivamente maior e mais pobre, esta última enfrentando tendências de deterioração das suas condições materiais e laborais. À erosão e empobrecimento da classe média estão associadas outras dimensões, que agravam este preocupante cenário: o aumento das desigualdades dentro dos países, a hereditariedade patrimonial e de oportunidades (oposta ao sistema meritocrático), a destruição do modelo social, e o enfraquecimento das perspectivas de ascensão socioeconómica. Embora focando essencialmente os contextos Europeu e Norte-Americano, revelou-se crucial, para a arquitectura de uma boa visão geral das tendências globais com impacto na classe média, abranger as novas classes média em desenvolvimento hoje geograficamente dispersas. No mundo em desenvolvimento observa-se a diminuição das taxas de pobreza absoluta. Não subestimando o êxito da contracção da pobreza extrema, nesses mesmos países o aumento das desigualdades é igualmente visível, e poderá estar a contribuir para a criação de bases perigosas e instáveis que minem, a médio ou longo prazo, o desenvolvimento sustentável dessas economias.<br>The declining Western middle-classes' trend is associated with the increasing polarization between a small but powerful elite and a growing lower class facing the deterioration of material and labor conditions. Other dimensions are at stake in this worrying scenario of a poorer and diminishing middle-class: the rise of inequality within-countries, the inheritance of wealth and opportunities opposing to a meritocratic system, the farewell of the social model and the weakening of economic and social upward mobility. While focusing on the European and North-American contexts, and in order to provide a good overview of the global trends that impact on this group, it seemed important to connect the development of the rise of new middle classes from all around the world. In the non-Western part of the world we call "the rest", the absolute poverty rates are declining. Such accomplishment may present itself to the world as a challenge surpassed but also masking the reality of a rising inequality, maybe building dangerous foundations for a sustainable development of societies and economies. This paper focuses on an analysis of what being middle-class means and why it is a class with major importance to the full success of nations, considering the ongoing international trends and prospects.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Gautier, Maud. "Les clauses de rendement." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30072.
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Les clauses de rendement constituent une incitation au dépassement, à l’action, à la performance. Dès lors, comment peuvent-elles être conciliées avec les différents pans du droit dans lesquelles elles interviennent ? On les rencontre en droit social et elles prennent une dimension quasiment envahissante en droit de la distribution. Ainsi intégrée au domaine contractuel, la clause de rendement oblige le débiteur et nourrit les attentes du créancier. Mais, pas seulement. Car, si le débiteur de la clause de rendement doit s’astreindre à réaliser le rendement consenti, le créancier, dans l’optique de favoriser l’atteinte de l’objectif, ne doit pas adopter un simple comportement passif. En somme, l’obligation de rendement renvoie au « rapport tout entier » qui existe entre le créancier et le débiteur de la clause. L’on pressent leur difficile insertion au regard de la théorie générale du droit des contrats. Leur maniement délicat réclame l’étude de nombreux facteurs, paramètres, à prendre en considération pour assurer leur efficacité. A l’issue de cette étude, ces clauses apparaissent comme un outil de performance au service des contractants mais aussi de l’intérêt économique. Car, les clauses de rendement, bien maniées et encadrées strictement sont sources d’efficacité concurrentielle.En somme, la contrainte apparue initialement s’efface et révèle leur utilité dans l’intérêt général. Les clauses de rendement dynamisent ainsi le contrat, avivent la concurrence et par là-même sauvegardent les intérêts des consommateurs. Il semble alors que les comportements consistant à la réalisation des objectifs, participent, non seulement à une quête d’efficacité contractuelle, mais également à une efficience concurrentielle dans l’intérêt de la collectivité toute entière<br>Performance clauses are an incentive to overshoot, to act, and to perform.Therefore, how can they be reconciled with the different parts of the law in which they operate? They are found in labor law and take an almost overwhelming size in distribution law. Well integrated into the contractual sphere, the return clause obliges the debtor and feeds the creditor’s expectations. But not only that, for if the debtor of the return clause must discipline himself to achieve the agreed performance, the creditor, with a view to help achieve the goal, should not simply adopt a passive attitude. In sum, the obligation to return back to the “whole report” exists between the creditor and the debtor.It is difficult to present their inclusion under the general theory of contract law. Their delicate handling calls for the consideration of many factors and parameters that must be taken into consideration to ensure their effectiveness. At the end of this study, these terms appear as a performance tool in the service of contractors but also of economic interest. Well-handled and strictly supervised clauses of performance are competitive sources of efficiency. All in all, the initial constraint is cleared and reveals the usefulness of performance clauses in the public interest. Thus, in terms of the contract and performance boost, performance clauses sharpen competition and thereby safeguard the interests of consumers. It seems then that the performance in achieving the objectives, participate not only in a quest of contractual effectiveness, but also for competitive efficiency for the whole community
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Razafimandimby, Andrianjaka Riana Ny Aina. "Three essays on economic transformation and distributional changes in middle-income countries." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0364.
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Cette thèse explore les changements économiques et distributifs dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire. Le premier chapitre propose une analyse empirique des déterminants de la trappe à revenu intermédiaire en mettant l’accent sur les problématiques d’appariement sur le marché du travail, d’inégalités de revenu et de redistribution. Les deux chapitres restant se concentrent sur la question des classes moyennes émergentes. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse aux impacts macroéconomiques de l’expansion de la classe moyenne globale sur le développement à travers divers canaux dont la consommation, l’investissement, les dépenses publiques et la transformation productive. Le dernier chapitre adopte une démarche microéconomique et examine la mobilité absolue et inter-classe de la classe moyenne Turque entre 2010 et 2013. Nos résultats suggèrent que des mécanismes de reproduction sociale et de (dés) avantages cumulatifs déterminent la mobilité économique de certains ménages<br>This thesis studies distributional and economic changes in middle-income countries. After reviewing the literature on the middle-income trap, the first essay proposes a straightforward identification and empirical investigation of the differentiating patterns of productive and distributive changes inside the trap. We find evidence of misallocation issues and adverse effect of redistribution on medium-run growth. The focus of the remaining chapters is then put on the middle-class. In the second essay, we estimate the impacts of the middle-class on growth through various channels including household consumption, investment, redistribution and productive transformation. The last essay takes a micro approach by analyzing absolute and intra-class mobility of the middle-class in Turkey between 2010 and 2013. The results suggest the existence of mechanisms of social reproduction and cumulative (dis)advantages that prevent some households from climbing up the ladder
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Oliveira, Patrick Santos de. "Análise metodológica para a conversão de linhas de distribuição de 34,5 KV para 69 KV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-16032011-104722/.
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Este trabalho visa apresentar uma análise metodológica para viabilizar a realização da repotenciação, elevando a classe de tensão de linhas de distribuição de 34,5 kV para a classe de subtransmissão de 69 kV. Foi realizado um levantamento de casos de repotenciação de linhas de transmissão, inclusive para a alternativa de elevação da tensão de operação da linha. Foram analisados modelos matemáticos apropriados para a representação da linha frente a transitórios eletromagnéticos como curtos-circuitos e descargas atmosféricas e ainda, um estudo sobre o procedimento a ser realizado dispondo-se de um software baseado na teoria de elementos finitos para a verificação do nível básico de isolamento das estruturas pertencentes à linha. Assim, a linha piloto foi representada no software ATP, utilizando-se a interface ATPDraw, e foi submetida a diversos transitórios eletromagnéticos. A partir dos valores de tensão observados nesses distúrbios, iniciaram-se novas simulações computacionais por meio do software FLUX®, que é baseado na teoria dos elementos finitos, para avaliar o comportamento do campo elétrico nas diferentes estruturas da linha, considerando a cruzeta de madeira e os isoladores cerâmicos. Dessa forma, esse estudo, avalia as simulações computacionais realizadas e aponta quais as estruturas da linha estão aptas a operar na classe de tensão de 69 kV, ou ainda, quais alterações permitirão que estruturas menos seguras possam operar neste novo nível de tensão. Todas as etapas e as conclusões finais sobre o assunto delineado são apresentadas neste documento.<br>This work presents a methodological analysis to make repowering distribution line possible, raising the voltage level from 34.5 kV to 69 kV (sub transmission level). A literature review of transmission line upgrading was accomplished, including the alternative of raising the line operating voltage. Proper mathematical models were analyzed for the line representation facing electromagnetic transients such as short circuits and lightning. In addition, a software based on finite elements theory for the verification of the basic insulation level of the structures (poles and crossarms) belonging to the line was utilized. Thus, a pilot line was modeled in the ATP software, using the ATPDraw interface, and it was subjected to various electromagnetic transients. From the voltage values observed in these disturbances, new computer simulations were carried out using FLUX®, a finite elements theory based software capable of evaluating the electrical field behavior in different structures of the line, considering wooden crossarms and ceramic insulators. In this context, the present study analyze the computer simulations and points out which line structures are able to operate in the 69 kV voltage level, or even indicates which alterations will enable the less secure structures to operate in this new voltage level. All the stages and final conclusions about the outlined subject are presented in this document.
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Lourenço, Maria de Fátima Ferro Graça. "Estudo do fator enriquecimento do solo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11729.
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Com este estudo pretende-se determinar e analisar a evolução do fator de enriquecimento em função
de uma dada rotação cultural bem como todos os fatores considerados importantes no ciclo. As amostras
de sedimento de solo que serviram de base ao estudo foram recolhidas nos talhões nº8, nº9, nº12, nº13
nº14 e nº15 entre os anos de 1969 e 1976, no “Centro de Erosão Experimental de Vale Formoso” situado
entre Serpa e Mértola , cujos talhões se localizam em solos mediterrâneos vermelhos ou amarelos de xisto
(Vx), sujeitos a uma rotação cultural de quatro anos.
Na posse das amostras, foram realizadas analises granulométricas e químicas dos sedimentos
recolhidos nos seus componentes relevantes para o estudo, afim de serem comparadas com as do solo
original, para desta forma se compreender o comportamento do fator de enriquecimento. Através dos
valores obtidos foram relacionados com os do solo original e por sua vez com o valor da precipitação e
numero de dias, com as diversas culturas e coberto vegetal do momento da recolha da amostra, com vista
a avaliar o efeito da precipitação, das diversas culturas e práticas culturais no enriquecimento do solo.
Os resultados obtidos neste estudo revelam que o fator de enriquecimento é consequência da
interação de um conjunto de fatores. Alguns desses fatores foram analisados neste trabalho tais como;
rotação cultural na organização dos dados das amostras por talhões, cultura em curso, coberto de solo e
número de dias de precipitação. Concluiu-se que todos eles podem contribuir para o fator de
enriquecimento. A sua dinâmica é influenciada por um vasto conjunto de fatores. Quando a capacidade de
transporte das partículas é superior à capacidade de enriquecimento do solo o seu equilíbrio está em risco,
originando uma degradação desse solo; ### ABSTRACT:
‘Enrichment Factor’ (E), also known as ‘Enrichment Rate’, is a definition used in studies on
nutrient loss. It relates the concentration of a nutrient on the eroded sediments with the concentration of
this nutrient on the original soil (Stroosnijder 1995; Sharpley 1985; (White 1986; Stoltenberg 6 White
1953) in Ghadiri & Rose 1991 a; Menzel 1980; Barrows & kilmer 1963; Massey & Jackson 1952;
Stroosnijder sd).
This study is intended to determine and analyse the evolution of the enrichment factor according to
a given crop rotation as well as all the factors considered important in the cycle. The soil sediment
samples used in the study were collected from plots nrs 8, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 15, between the years 1969
and 1976, in “Centro de Erosão Experimental de Vale Formoso” located between Serpa and Mértola ,
whose plots are red or shale yellow Mediterranean soils (Vx), subject to a four-year-crop rotation.
The samples were subjected to granulometric and chemical analysis of the collected sediments of
the relevant components for the study, in order to be compared with the ones from the original soil, so
that one can understand the behaviour of the enrichment factor. These values were compared with the
ones of the original soil and with the precipitation rate and the number of days, the different crops and the
vegetal cover at the moment of sample collecting, in order to evaluate the effect of precipitation and of
different farming and cultural practices in soil enrichment.
The results reached with this study show that the enrichment factor is a consequence of the
interaction of a set of factors. Some of those factors were analysed in this study, such as: cultural rotation
in data organisation of the plot samples, ongoing cultures, soil cover and number of rain days. The
conclusion is that all of them may contribute to the enrichment factor. Their dynamics is influenced by a
wide set of factors. When the amount of particle transportation is above the soil enrichment capability, its
balance is at risk, causing a degradation of the soil
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BARROS, Kleber Napoleão Nunes de Oliveira. "Classe de distribuições de Marshall-Olkin generalizada exponenciada." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5020.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-19<br>This work generalizes the family of Marshall-Olkin distributions by adding parameters, making it a new more exible class, creating the new Generalized Exponentialized Marshall-Olkin Weibull distribution (GEMOW). Its probability density function and the associated risk function were studied with promising results. We found some quantities such as moments, moment generating function, quantile function and median, as well Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, for the proposed distribution. We drawed a simulation and we employed the bootstrap resampling procedure for the standard errors of the estimators of the model parameters. We applied the new distribution to magnitudes earthquakes dataset from Fiji archipelago, glass ber resistance dataset to the proposed model, sub-models and competitors distributions. Also it was obtained a regression model for censored data that was applied to data from a study of AIDS, and a Bayesian model implemented for carbon bre data. Comparing with the others distributions, the results demonstrate that GEMOW has superior t to the applied dataset.<br>O presente trabalho generaliza a famí lia de distribui ções Marshall-Olkin pela adi ção de parâmetros, tornando-a uma nova classe mais flexível, criando-se a nova distribui ção Marshall-Olkin Generalizada Exponenciada Weibull (MOGEW). Foi estudado o comportamento da fun ção densidade de probabilidade MOGEW e sua respectiva fun ção de risco com resultados promissores. Encontrou-se algumas quantidades tais como fun ção geradora de momentos, fun ção quantí lica e mediana, al ém das curvas de Bonferroni e Lorenz, para a distribui ção proposta. Obteve-se uma simula ção e utilizou-se o m étodo de reamostragem bootstrap para obter os erros padrão dos estimadores dos parâmetros do modelo. Para aplica ção foram utilizados dados de magnitudes de abalos s ísmicos pr óximos ao arquipélago de Fiji, dados de resistência de fi bras de vidro ajustando o modelo proposto, submodelos e distribui ções concorrentes. Tamb ém se obteve um modelo de regressão para dados censurados que foi aplicado a dados de um estudo sobre AIDS e um modelo Bayesiano para dados de quebra de fi bras de carbono. Os resultados mostraram que a distribui ção apresenta ajuste superior, em compara ção as distribui ções concorrentes, para os conjuntos de dados aplicados.
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Chapalain, Marion. "Dynamique des matières en suspension en mer côtière : caractérisation, quantification et interactions sédiments/matière organique." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0010/document.
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La connaissance de la dynamique des matières en suspension (MES) et des turbidités en milieu côtier est un élément clé pour comprendre les écosystèmes marins. Les processus de floculation/défloculation représentent des mécanismes essentiels contrôlant la dynamique des caractéristiques physiques des MES et, par conséquent, leur devenir dans l’environnement. Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre la caractérisation des MES et leur variabilité de l’échelle tidale à l’échelle annuelle en mer côtière, en réponse aux différents forçages hydrodynamiques, hydrologiques et biologiques ayant lieu à l’interface entre estuaire et baie. À cette fin, des capteurs optiques et acoustiques ont été déployés in situ, lors de 6 campagnes en mer réalisées en 2016, en vue de caractériser et de quantifier les MES dans la colonne d’eau, à la sortie de l’embouchure de l’estuaire de Seine (France). Une analyse critique des mesures granulométriques issues du LISST-100X est proposée. Un travail de quantification des incertitudes de mesure associées à l’estimation de la concentration en MES a mis en avant le risqué lié à un rinçage insuffisant des filtres et a conduit à définir une masse minimum à filtrer, de l'ordre de 10 mg, quelle que soit la concentration. Ce travail a notamment permis de proposer une méthode d’estimation d’un volume optimal de filtration basée sur une mesure préalable de turbidité de référence. Les mesures à haute fréquence ont montré que la dynamique des caractéristiques physiques des MES en termes de concentration et de taille médiane sont contrôlées par le cycle advection-floculation-sédimentation-remise en suspension. Ces résultats ont permis de hiérarchiser les paramètres de contrôle des processus de floculation. La turbulence a été identifiée comme le principal paramètre de contrôle à l’échelle tidale et semi-lunaire, la taille médiane maximale des flocs étant inversement corrélée à l’intensité des courants. À l’échelle saisonnière, la variation des caractéristiques des MES (taille, densité, vitesse de chute) est liée à la variabilité du contenu en matière organique (MO), avec une floculation favorisée quand le taux de MO particulaire augmente. Ces flocs plus grands et moins denses sont également plus résistants à la fragmentation induite par cisaillement turbulent. Ces travaux ont également permis de discuter le concept de structuration fractale des flocs.La dynamique de la dimension fractale, déterminée en combinant des données in situ de concentration en MES et de distribution en classe de taille, peut traduire des variations de composition des MES, mais peut aussi résulter d'incertitudes de mesure associées aux instruments. Ces dernières sont discutées dans cette thèse. La variabilité saisonnière des caractéristiques des MES est plus prononcée au large que dans la zone sous influence de l’estuaire de Seine. À partir des observations ponctuelles en Baie de Seine et d’une série de mesure long terme dans la zone côtière belge acquise par le laboratoire RBINS, les méthodes acoustiques et optiques sont combinées. Ces dernières ont mis en avant une augmentation de la rétrodiffusion acoustique lorsque la densité moyenne des flocs diminue<br>The knowledge of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and turbidity dynamics in coastal waters is essential for studying marine ecosystems. Flocculation/deflocculation processes are crucial mechanisms controlling the dynamics of SPM physical characteristics and thus, the fate of these SPM in the environment. This PhD thesis focuses on the SPM characteristics and their dynamics in coastal waters, from tidal to annual scales, in response to hydrodynamic, hydrological and biological forcing that take place at the interface between estuaries and coastal seas. To this end, optical and acoustic sensors were deployed in situ through 6 field campaigns in 2016, in order to characterize and quantify SPM in the water column, near the mouth of the Seine estuary (France). A critical analysis of LISST-100X measurements in coastal waters is presented. The quantification of uncertainties on SPM concentration measurements is investigated: it highlights the crucial effect of salt retention, and the need for a minimum mass to filter, around 10 mg. A method for estimating an optimal filtration volume based on a reference turbidity measurement is proposed. High frequency measurements show that the dynamics of SPM and median diameter are controlled by the advection-flocculationsedimentation-resuspension cycle.These results allow to classify the factors controlling flocculation processes. Turbulence is identified as the main factor at the semi-diurnal and semi-lunar tidal scales, as the maximum median size of flocs decreases when the tidal currents intensify.At the seasonal scale, the variation of SPM characteristics (size, density, settling velocity) is correlated to the variability of the organic matter (OM) content: in particular, flocculation is enhanced by an increase of the particular OM fraction. The resulting larger and lesser dense flocs are also more resistant to the fragmentation induced by shear. This work also investigates the fractal approach applied to flocs. The fractal dimension variability, calculated by combining in situ data of SPM concentration and particle size distribution, can be associated to variations of the SPM composition, but can also result from uncertainties linked to instrument limitations. The latter are discussed in this PhD thesis. The seasonal variability of SPM characteristics is more pronounced offshore than at the mouth of the Seine estuary. From short-term observations in the Seine Bay and from long-term series in the Belgian coastal zone provided by the RBINS, optical turbidity and acoustic backscatter measurements are combined. They highlight an increase of the acoustic backscatter intensity when mean floc density
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Hakizimana, Paul. "Analyse de la composition, de la structure spatiale et des ressources végétales naturelles prélevées dans la forêt dense de Kigwena et dans la forêt claire de Rumonge au Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209727.
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Dans cette étude, la composition taxonomique, la structure spatiale et les ressources végétales naturelles prélevées dans les forêts de Kigwena et de Rumonge ont été analysées. Les deux forêts sont situées au Sud-Ouest du Burundi, dans une région de forte densité de population. L’objectif global de l’étude était d’élucider des éléments de l’écologie de la forêt dense de Kigwena et de la forêt claire de Rumonge en vue de leur conservation optimale. Les résultats montrent que les deux forêts sont floristiquement différentes malgré leur proximité géographique. Les types biologiques sont dominés par les phanérophytes, les chaméphytes et les thérophytes ;ce qui traduit des adaptations des espèces aux conditions du milieu de vie forestier caractérisé par un stress hydrique et par d’importantes perturbations d’origine anthropique. Le spectre phytogéographique est en concordance avec la localisation des forêts étudiées dans le territoire phytogéographique du District du Mosso/Malagarazi, caractérisé par la présence des espèces à distribution soudano-zambézienne et des espèces de liaison soudano-zambézienne et guinéo-congolaise. La forêt dense de Kigwena et la forêt claire de Rumonge sont soumises aux mêmes influences phytogéographiques et n’ont donc pas connu d’isolement géographique. Dans la forêt dense de Kigwena, l’hétérogénéité spatiale de la végétation, reflétée par l’existence de quatre groupements végétaux distincts, obéit aux gradients d’humidité et d’anthropisation. Par contre, dans la forêt claire de Rumonge, l’hétérogénéité spatiale de la végétation se traduit par des variations stationnelles dans un même fond floristique. L’analyse de la distribution spatiale a montré que les arbres sont répartis selon le modèle spatial agrégé. Les ressources végétales prélevées dans les deux forêts par les populations riveraines servent en grande partie à des fins médicinales, matérielles, alimentaires, énergétiques et/ou socio-culturelles. Les prélèvements de ces ressources, l’agriculture intensive, l’exploitation des carrières, l’aménagement des infrastructures, les feux de forêt et les chablis ont été identifiés comme étant des facteurs de perturbation qui amplifiaient la dégradation et le risque de disparition des forêts de Kigwena et de Rumonge. En définitive, cette étude a montré que les forêts étudiées ont une richesse taxonomique et une valeur conservatoire considérables. Mais ces forêts sont menacées sous l’action d’une anthropisation croissante. Pour remédier à cette situation, des mesures et des actions de conservation ont été proposées pour un court terme. /The taxonomic composition, the spatial pattern and the botanical resources used by Man around the Kigwena and Rumonge forests were studied. Both forests are located in the south-western part of Burundi, in a zone characterized by a high population density. The overall objective of this study was to understand the ecology of the Kigwena and Rumonge forests in order to support their conservation. Results show that the flora of the two forests are different although their geographical proximity. The life forms are dominated by phanerophytes, chamaephytes and therophytes; this observation corresponds to an adaptation of the floras to water stress and anthropogenic disturbances. The phytogeographical spectrum is directly related to the presence of the forests in the Mosso/Malagarazi District. It is characterized by the presence of species with a soudano-zambezian distribution and by species of the soudano-zambezian/guineo-congolese connexion. No geographical isolation was evidenced which could have altered the composition of the Kigwena and Rumonge forests. In the Kigwena forest, the spatial floristic heterogeneity is shown by four different plant communities which occur according to anthropogenic disturbance and soil moisture gradients. But, in the Rumonge forest, the spatial floristic heterogeneity occurs with more common species, in the same flora. The analysis of the spatial pattern of the trees revealed a general tendency towards a clumped distribution. Many natural plant resources are removed from the Kigwena and Rumonge forests by neighbouring populations for medicinal use, material use, food use, energy use and cultural use. Removal of natural plant resources, intensive agriculture, quarry exploitation, infrastructure development, forest fires and windfall of trees have been identified as disturbance factors which amplify the degradation and the risk of disappearance of the forests of Kigwena and Rumonge. Ultimately, this study shows that the Kigwena and Rumonge forests are characterized by a high taxonomic richness as well as by their importance for conservation. Nevertheless, these forests are threatened by increasing anthropogenic activities. Consequently, short-term measures and actions for conservation are proposed.<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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De, Ieso Marco. "Analyse p-adique et complétés unitaires universels pour GL₂(F)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802660.
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Soit p un nombre premier. Les résultats de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du programme de Langlands p-adique. Lorsque V est une représentation p-adique de dimension 2 du groupe Gal(\bar{Qp}/Qp), on sait lui associer une représentation p-adique continue B(V) de GL₂(Qp). Si F est une extension finie non triviale de Qp, la question d'associer des représentations p-adiques de GL₂(F) aux représentations p-adiques de dimension 2 de Gal(\bar{Qp}/F) dans l'esprit d'une correspondance locale à la Langlands s'annonce beaucoup plus délicate. Dans ce texte, nous considérons des espaces de Banach p-adiques, munis d'une action linéaire continue de GL₂(F), qui sont des complétions unitaires universelles de certaines représentations localement Qp-analytiques de GL₂(F). Celles-ci sont susceptibles de jouer un rôle important dans une éventuelle correspondance de Langlands locale p-adique pour GL₂(F). Le résultat principal de cette thèse est démontré dans le Chapitre 3 et généralise des résultats antérieurs de Berger et Breuil. Il consiste en une description explicite de ces complétés unitaires universels à l'aide des fonctions continues sur F d'un certain type. Pour ce faire, nous introduisons dans le Chapitre 2 des espaces de Banach de fonctions de classe C^r, où r est un nombre rationnel positif, et leurs espaces duaux de distributions d'ordre r. Nous construisons une base de Banach et nous donnons un critère de prolongement des formes linéaires définies sur un espace de fonctions localement Qp-polynomiales en distributions d'ordre r. Ce faisant, nous généralisons des résultats classiques dus à Amice-Vélu et Vishik. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous exhibons des cas de non nullité pour les complétions unitaires universelles considérées par construction explicite de réseaux invariants. Cela donne de nouveaux cas de la conjecture proposée par Breuil et Schneider sur l'équivalence entre l'existence de normes invariantes sur certaines représentations localement algébriques de GL_d(F) et l'existence de certaines représentations de de Rham de Gal(\bar{Qp}/F).
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Lourençato, Antonio Aparecido. "Sobre a neutralidade do Estado: Do laissez-Faire ao Welfare State." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9178.
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Previous issue date: 2005-10-18<br>Este trabalho de cunho teórico visa desenvolver uma discussão sobre a neutralidade do Estado no que tange às ações que poderiam contribuir com uma sociedade igualitária nos moldes do pensamento marxista.
Este estudo pretende analisar a evolução histórica das teorias sobre qual seria o comportamento ideal do Estado frente às formas de produção, acumulação e apropriação de riquezas, a partir do laissez-faire defendido pelas correntes de pensamento de economistas clássicos, cuja base teórica é permeada a partir de Adam Smith. Dá-se ênfase à crítica marxista aos preceitos do livre mercado à falácia do Estado neutro quer sob o ponto de vista dos benefícios que a natural competitividade proporcionaria aos indivíduos no sentido da acumulação individual, quer sob a ótica da evolução da riqueza das nações.
Pressupostos keynesianos e kaleckianos quanto ao intervencionismo do Estado para a regulação e ampliação da demanda agregada na direção do pleno emprego também estão inseridos neste trabalho. Aspectos comuns e conflitantes de suas teorias merecem uma sucinta análise. A perspectiva do retorno ao liberalismo a partir do pensamento de Hayek complementou a análise.
A polarização social com a revolta do proletariado insere no sistema capitalista o Welfare State criando nas classes proletárias um sentido de proteção do aparelho estatal.
Ao final, o escopo teórico deste trabalho evidencia que as ações de Estado não são neutras. Essas ações de alguma forma premiam uma classe em detrimento das demais. O poder oligárquico, representado no aparelho estatal determina a ideologia dominante e a medida dos benefícios. Esse quadro independe de regimes políticos.
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Biasotto, Etienne. "Metodologia para o desenvolvimento de um novo padrão estrutural e elétrico de cruzeta para redes de 15 kV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-31072012-115445/.
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O conceito de preservação ambiental dos dias atuais não permite que haja exageros na utilização dos bens naturais, fazendo com que as pessoas se adaptem e reduzam a utilização, ou promovam a reciclagem de materiais. Nessa conjuntura, esse trabalho de doutorado versa sobre a especificação e a necessidade de se obter novos padrões estruturais e elétricos de cruzetas a serem utilizados nas redes de distribuição de 15 kV e procurará desenvolver opções compatíveis com a preservação do meio ambiente. Neste sentido, o principal foco está direcionado à definição de novas geometrias para as cruzetas de madeira, induzindo a uma redução direta na utilização das madeiras retiradas de florestas tropicais. Cabe colocar que quando da proposição de uma nova geometria, todos os aspectos elétricos e mecânicos relacionados à definição deste novo padrão devem ser descritos e comprovados em termos da viabilidade prática e t´técnica de aplicação, dispondo-se de várias análises e procedimentos de testes que o garantam frente às possíveis operações que o sistema elétrico, na classe de tensão de 15 kV, venha a enfrentar. Na realização do trabalho, utilizou-se três softwares, o Alternative Transients Program (ATP), o FLUX 3D e o DIgSILENT PowerFactory, para as simulações dos transitórios eletromagnéticos, simulações de campos elétricos e análises de desempenho das linhas, respectivamente. Pela metodologia aplicada, os resultados observados ressaltam uma considerável margem de segurança no comprimento da estrutura da cruzeta atualmente empregada em campo, permitindo a diminuição desejada e confiável para um modelo alternativo.<br>The current concept of environmental preservation does not allow any exaggeration in the use of natural resources, leading people to adapt themselves and reduce the use, or promote the recycling of materials. At this juncture, this doctoral work focuses on the specification and the need to obtain new structural and electrical patterns for crossarms to be used in 15 kV distribution networks and seek to develop compatible options with the preservation of the environment. In this sense, the main focus is directed toward the definition of new geometries for wood crossarms, inducing an evident reduction in the use of wood taken from tropical forests. It is important to place that when a new geometry is proposed, all electrical and mechanical aspects related to the definition of this new pattern should be described and demonstrated in terms of practicability and technic of application, arranging various analyzes and testing procedures that guarantee it against the possible operations that the electrical system with voltage rating of 15 kV can be face. In carrying out the work, three softwares (ATP, FLUX 3D e DIgSILENT) were used for the simulation of electromagnetic transients, the simulation of electric fields and analysis of performance of the lines, respectively. For the methodology applied, the observed results highlight a significant safety margin in the length of the crossarm structure currently employed in the field, allowing the desired and reliable reduction for an alternative model.
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Frey, Katia. "La maison de campagne, programme idiomatique et universel, de Blondel à Ledoux (1737-1804)." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010586.
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L'étude se penche sur la conception de la maison de campagne comme un programme nouveau dans la théorie architecturale de la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle, en cherchant à déterminer les modèles concrets de l'architecture, du décor et de la distribution. Les publications d'architecture consacrées à la maison de campagne (en particulier De la distribution des maisons de plaisance ( 1737), de Jacques-François Blondel, L'art de bâtir des maisons de campagne (1743), de Charles-Etienne Briseux, le Recueil élémentaire d'architecture ( 1757 -1768, 1772-1780), Jean-François de Neufforge, L'architecture considérée sous le rapport de l'art, des moeurs et de la législation (1804), de Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, le Recueil d'architecture civile (1812), de Jean-Charles Krafft) forment la source principale de la présente investigation. La lecture détaillée des plans permet d'éclairer la manière dont la pratique du loisir cultivé trouve sa traduction en architecture et comment la vie privée influence les partis architecturaux. Par ailleurs, en comparant les ouvrages sur la maison de campagne avec publications de l'époque portant sur la maison urbaine, en étudiant la relation complexe entre maisons de ville et maison de campagne, il est possible de déterminer les spécificités de l'architecture de la villégiature, ainsi que son influence sur la mise en place de solutions normatives dans les distributions
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Soro, Russell Olivier. "El contrato normativo : análisis de una categoría." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40017.
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L'objet principal de notre recherche sera d'essayer d'éclairer l'obscurité relative à la figure du contrat normatif, existante particulièrement en espagne, en élaborant une étude minutieuse et en profondeur qui fait actuellement défaut dans la littérature juridique. de même, il sera aussi bien nécessaire d'analyser si la notion de contrat normatif, telle qu'elle est proposée par la doctrine et jurisprudence espagnole et surtout italienne, peut être transposée au droit français des contrats. et, d'autre part, si la notion française de contrat-cadre correspond à celle, espagnole, de « contrato marco ». pour ce faire, il sera nécessaire d'entamer une étude de ses différences et similitudes au moyen d'une comparaison de l'emploi, par les professionnels du droit de chaque pays, de chacun des termes. finalement il sera envisagé, le cas échéant, l'opportunité d'une éventuelle transposition de la figure du contrat-cadre au droit espagnol à travers celle de « contrato marco », l'intégrant comme équivalente ou application de la figure de contrat normatif.ainsi, une fois notre recherche achevée nous serons en mesure de proposer une définition complète et claire de contrat normatif, de déterminer sa nature juridique, d'obtenir ses principaux caractères, d'en tirer sa portée et, enfin, de rassembler ces principales applications pratiques. et ce, naturellement sans oublier de relever tant l'histoire ou la genèse de cette figure que sa valeur actuelle, en tant que nouvelle forme de négociation, d'autorégulation et de limitation volontaire de la liberté contractuelle<br>How far are now individuals free to create the most appropriate contractual tool to achieve the satisfaction of their needs and interests? What they have in common figures as diverse as a joint-venture agreement, a franchise agreement or a marriage contract? Is the old general theory of contract adapted to the contractual practice of the XXI century? A deep study of the normative contract in this book provides answers to these and to many other momentous matters of Private Law of Contract. Reconstructed from the detailed analysis of the theory and legal practice, the notion of normative contract as an agreement of cooperative nature could constitute the bridge to a new and inspiring way of conceiving the contract. Not surprisingly, as shown by its main practical manifestations, the contract is often more than just an instrument to organize an exchange of goods and services, a powerful regulatory tool of reality and human behavior. To put it briefly, if on the one hand in this essay the author seeks find a remedy for a situation of great uncertainty regarding the so-called normative contract, in the other hand he also invites the legal community to reflect calmly on the role played by contract in present society.Keywords: Normative contract, Normenvertrag, Alfred HUECK, genesis, concept, pactum de modo contrahendo, contrat-cadre, framework agreements, distribution, collective agreement, financial transactions, joint venture, marriage contract, codes of conduct, Spanish private law, French private law, contractual clause, cooperative agreement, intuitus personae, no-obligational and obligational content of the contract, union of contracts, regulatory function of contract, general contract theory, theory of legal regulation, Hans KELSEN , freedom of contract
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Williams, Thomas Herbert. "Geographic variation in genetic and meristic characters of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki)." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31825.
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Hurley, Steven M. "Distribution and characteristics of an isolated population of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in streams of Triangle Lake Basin, Oregon." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36299.
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This research focused on features of a genetically
isolated population of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki)
in the Triangle Lake basin of coastal Oregon. A falls at
the outlet of Triangle Lake has blocked upstream migration
of trout and anadromous salmonids into the basin. Cutthroat
trout were found throughout the six study streams of the
Triangle Lake basin in association with other native fishes
and introduced warmwater fishes. Warmwater species (e.g.
Centrarchidae) were restricted largely to the lakes of
Triangle Lake basin, and did not comprise a significant part
of the stream fish fauna. Salmonids and cottids dominated
the upper forested reaches of the basin, whereas nonsalmonids
dominated the lower reaches. The middle reaches
contained a transitional fish community between the upper
and lower reaches.
Reach type was a major factor influencing cutthroat
trout density and size distribution. Areal densities of
cutthroat trout were highest in the upper reaches and lowest
in the lower reaches with the exception of 0+ cutthroat
trout, which occurred at similar densities in all reaches.
The highest frequency of 1+ cutthroat trout occurred in the
middle reaches, whereas the highest frequency of 0+
cutthroat occurred in the lower reaches. Within reaches,
channel unit type influenced the density and age structure
of cutthroat trout. Pools and rapids had the highest
densities of cutthroat trout, whereas riffles, glides, and
cascades had lower densities. Larger trout were found
primarily in pools and rapids.
Planted steelhead fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found
in two streams, Congdon Creek and Lake Creek. Although most
steelhead fry leave the basin as smolts, some steelhead
appear to become resident and may hybridize with native
cutthroat trout.
Cutthroat trout spawning was observed from late
December 1987 through late May 1988. Differences in the
time and place of spawning may serve to genetically isolate
two populations of cutthroat trout in Triangle Lake basin.
One population may be lake dwelling as adults and spawn
lower in the basin in late spring. The other population may
be stream dwelling and spawn in the winter during higher
flows, which allows them to spawn in the upper reaches of
the basin.<br>Graduation date: 1994
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Aswasereelert, Wasinee. "Facies distribution and stacking of the Eau Claire Formation, Wisconsin implications of thin shale-rich strata in fluid flow /." 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/64547780.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2005.<br>Typescript. Vol. 2 consists of 10 colored folded charts. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-129).
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Tsai, Wei-Shiun, and 蔡偉勳. "Study on the gene expression, cellular distribution, and responses to infection of white spot syndrome virus of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in circulating hemocytes and hematopoietic cells of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39436678335578807853.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>生物學系<br>101<br>Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) was originally identified in a neuroendocrine system－the X-organ/sinus gland complex. In this study, a cDNA(Prc-CHH) encoding CHH precursor was cloned from the hemocyte and hematopoietic cells (HpT cells) of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Analysis of tissues by a CHH-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)confirmed the presence of CHH in hemocytes and HpT, the levels of which were much lower than those in the sinus gland, but much higher than those in the
thoracic and cerebral ganglia. Total hemocytes were separated by density gradient centrifugation into layers of hyaline cells (HCs), semi-granular cells 1-3(SGCs 1-3), and granular cells (GCs). Analysis of extracts of each layer using ELISA revealed that CHH is present in GCs (202.8 ± 86.7 fmol/mg protein) and SGCs 1-3 (204.424 ± 27.656, 235.768 ± 37.226, 497.8 ± 49.4 fmol/mg protein), but not in HCs. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of CHH immunoreactivity in granules of hemocyte and HpT. In addition, immunohistochemical stain analysis demonstrated the presence of CHH immunoreactivity in granules of SGCs, GCs, and HpT. After white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, CHH gene expression levels in HpT were significantly increased at 12, 24, and 48 hr post infection (hpi), and in hemocyte significantly increased at 48 hpi. CHH peptide levels were not significantly changed after viral infection at any time points measured in either hemocytes or HpT. These data for the first time confirm that a crustacean neuropeptide-encoding gene is expressed in immune-related tissues and its expression in hemocytes is cell type-specific. The CHH in immune-related tissue is sensitive response to pathogen-related stresses.
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Sequeira, Rui Jorge Nunes. "Modelos de variáveis inteiras." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/33675.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Matemática apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.<br>Existem muitos fenómenos que podem ser descritos por séries temporais de valores inteiros não-negativos. Uma modelação adequada destes fenómenos exclui os modelos clássicos, baseados em processos reais, como os modelos ARMA. Há já uma larga classe de modelos de valores inteiros, entre os quais se encontram os modelos INARMA, construídos a partir de uma operação aleatória inteira que substitui a multiplicação escalar usual.
Neste trabalho, estudamos dois modelos desta classe, os modelos médias móveis GINMA e INMA(q), principalmente no que diz respeito à caracterização da distribuição limite do máximo. Depois de estabelecida a estacionaridade forte do processo e admitindo que a função de distribuição marginal pertence à classe de Anderson, prova-se que a sucessão de máximos, de amostras com dimensão assintoticamente geométrica, converge em distribuição para uma variável aleatória com distribuição Gumbel discreta.<br>There are many phenomena that should be described by positive integer-valued time series. To model this type of phenomena, the classical models based on real valued processes, for instance ARMA models, render inadequate. A large class of integer-valued models, including the INARMA models, have been developed with the usual scalar multiplication replaced by an integer-valued random operation.
In this work, we study two models in this class, the GINMA and the INMA(q) models, mainly in what concerns the limiting distribution of the maximum. After proving that the underlying process is strict stationarity, assuming that its margins belong to the Anderson’s class we prove that the sequence of maxima converges in distribution to the discrete Gumbel, when a geometric growing dimension of the sample is considered.
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Góis, Cláudia Liliana Santos. "DIA : growth and innovation through acquisition strategy." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25405.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this case study is to present the main points of the acquisition process of Schlecker stores in Portugal, to understand how it started, what were the key challenges that Dia Portugal faced - considering internal changes and external shocks - and what were the resources and capabilities needed to surpass them in order to sustain a competitive advantage. It is also important to highlight what kind of impact the acquisition had on company’s performance and on the Portuguese market. At last, students can apply several strategic frameworks to a real business situation.
DIA is an international food distribution group with a network of discounts supermarkets and drugstores. In Portugal, it operates with the Minipreço and Clarel’s flag.
With the economic crisis, DIA began to notice a gap in the Portuguese market regarding an offer with quality and economically accessible in the beauty category. Following its expansion strategy through the acquisition process, DIA decided to specialize in the Beauty & Personal Care segment to take advantage of two major opportunities: develop the category with the worst results in the market and, at the same time, rethink a new strategy of own brands. However, the process has shown several challenges at different organization’s levels.<br>O principal objetivo deste estudo de caso é apresentar uma visão geral do processo de aquisição das lojas Schlecker em Portugal. Entender como começou, quais foram os principais desafios enfrentados pela Dia Portugal – considerando mudanças internas e choques externos – e quais foram os recursos e capacidades necessárias para os superar de forma a suster uma vantagem competitiva. Também é importante destacar que tipo de impacto a aquisição teve no desempenho da empresa e no mercado português. Por fim, os alunos poderão aplicar vários quadros estratégicos de sala de aula a uma situação real de negócios.
Dia é um grupo internacional de distribuição alimentar com uma rede de supermercados que aposta num formato discount e, mais recentemente, também com uma rede de drugstores. Em Portugal atua com a bandeira do Minipreço e Clarel.
Com a crise económica, DIA percebeu uma lacuna no mercado português em relação a uma oferta com qualidade e acessível na categoria de beleza. Seguindo a sua estratégia de expansão, através do processo de aquisição, decidiu especializar-se no segmento de Beleza&Cuidados Pessoais para tirar proveito de duas grandes oportunidades: desenvolver a categoria que apresentava os piores resultados no mercado e repensar uma nova estratégia de marcas próprias. No entanto, o processo mostrou vários desafios em diferentes níveis da organização.
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Lamzouri, Youness. "Sur la distribution des valeurs de la fonction zêta de Riemann et des fonctions L au bord de la bande critque." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6626.
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Van, Wyk M. W. "Affirmative action, equality and Section 8 of the constitution." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17783.
Full textAbstract:
The constitutionality of affirmative action in terms of section 8 of Act 200 of 1993 is investigated.
The study contends that in constitutional interpretation it is permissible to have recourse to
ethical precepts as long as these are anchored within the four corners of the Constitution. It is
contended that the •equality clause• does not prescribe equality of outcome in favour of
substantive equality of opportunity. It is asserted that group-based affirmative action may
justifiably be attacked as being unconstitutional; either on the basis that it infringes the nonbeneficiary's
equality rights in terms of sections 8(1) and 8(2) or that it falls beyond the
constitutional protection afforded to affirmative action in terms of section 8(3). Furthermore,
group-based modalities of affirmative action may also not constitute a permissible limitation on
the fundamental right to equality, if compared to an individual-based socio-economic affirmative
action model.<br>Jurisprudence<br>LL. M.