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Journal articles on the topic 'Class E zero voltage switching'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Kazimierczuk, M. K., and J. Jozwik. "Class-E zero-voltage-switching and zero-current-switching rectifiers." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 37, no. 3 (1990): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.52739.

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Kazimierczuk, M. K. "Analysis of class E zero-voltage-switching rectifier." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 37, no. 6 (1990): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.55033.

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Kazimierczuk, M. K., and J. Jozwik. "DC/DC converter with class E zero-voltage-switching inverter and class E zero-current-switching rectifier." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 36, no. 11 (1989): 1485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.41309.

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Widiyanto, Romualdy, Mochammad Facta та Agung Warsito. "PERANCANGAN E CLASS ZERO-VOLTAGE-SWITCHING π1b RESONANT INVETER FREKUENSI RENDAH DENGAN PEMICUAN IC SG 3524". TRANSIENT 7, № 1 (2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transient.7.1.92-99.

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Photovoltaic merupakan sumber energi terbarukan yang banyak dikembangkan, namun output dari photovoltaic masih dalam bentuk arus searah (DC). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perangkat yang bisa mengubah tegangan DC menjadi tegangan arus bolak balik (AC). E class zero-voltage-switching resonant inverter sebagai salah satu konverter DC ke AC akan diimplementasikan. Rangkaian E class zero-voltage-switching resonant inverter dikontrol melalui sinyal analog PWM yang dibangkitkan IC SG3524. Penggunaan ZVS (Zero Voltage Switcing) memiliki tujuan untuk mengurangi kerugian tegangan pada proses switching MOSFET. Rangkaian resonan π1b dirancang dan digunakan untuk memperbaiki bentuk gelombang keluaran dan meningkatkan tegangan keluaran inverter. Percobaan dilakukan dengan variasi beban, duty cycle, dan frekuensi untuk menyelidiki respon E class zero-voltage-switching π1b resonant inverter. Beban berupa lampu pijar 15W, lampu pijar 25W, dan motor induksi satu fasa capacitor run. Dari hasil uji tegangan keluaran didapatkan bahwa nilai tegangan keluaran meningkat dari frekuensi 49Hz ke 50Hz, kemudian nilai tegangan keluaran menurun dari frekuensi 50Hz ke 51Hz. Pada variasi duty cycle, tegangan output meningkat dari duty cycle 10% ke 50% dan kemudian tegangan output menurun dari duty cycle 50% ke 90%. Frekuensi juga mempengaruhi kecepatan putar motor, seiring dengan meningkatnya frekuensi, kecepatan putaran motor juga meningkat.

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HUA, GUICHAO, and FRED C. LEE. "SOFT-SWITCHING PWM CONVERTER TECHNOLOGIES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 05, no. 04 (1995): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126695000333.

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The switched-mode power conversion technologies have evolved from the basic PWM converters to resonant converters, quasi-resonant converters, multi-resonant converters, and most recently, to soft-switching PWM converters. In this paper, several typical resonant techniques and several soft-switching PWM techniques are reviewed, and their merits and limitations are assessed. The resonant techniques reviewed include the quasi-resonant converters, multi-resonant converters, Class-E converters, and resonant dc link converters; and the soft-switching PWM techniques reviewed include the zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) quasi-square-wave converters, ZVS-PWM converters, zero-current-switched PWM converters, zero-voltage- transition PWM converters, and zero-current-transition PWM converters.

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Iqbal, Atif, Shaikh Moinoddine, and Khaliqur Rahman. "Finite State Predictive Current and Common Mode Voltage Control of a Seven-phase Voltage Source Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 3 (2015): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i3.pp459-476.

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The paper elaborate finite set model based predictive current control of a seven-phase voltage source inverter. The current control is carried out considering a finite set of control actions. The space vector model of a seven-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) yields 27 = 128 space voltage vectors, with 126 active and two zero vectors. The control method described in this paper discard some switching states from the whole set and employs reduced number of switching states to track the commanded current. Three sets of space vectors are used for switching actuation, in one case only 15 vectors are used (14 active and one zero), in second case 29 vectors are used (28 active and one zero) and finally 43 vectors (42 active and one zero) are employed. Optimal algorithm is employed to find the vector which minimizes the chosen cost function. The effect of selecting the cost function, the number of space vectors and the sampling time is investigated and reported. The developed technique is tested for RL load using simulation and experimental approaches.

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Sensui, Tomohiro, and Hirotaka Koizumi. "Load-Independent Class E Zero-Voltage-Switching Parallel Resonant Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 11 (2021): 12805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3077077.

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Kazimierczuk, M. K., and J. Jozwik. "Class E zero-voltage-switching rectifier with a series capacitor." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 36, no. 6 (1989): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.90422.

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Yarn, Kao Feng, King Kung Wu, Kai Hsing Ma, and Wen Chung Chang. "Ultrasonic Welding Driver with Class-E Inverter Design." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2071.

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A robust circuit design using matching technology to design the ultrasonic welding transducer driver with zero voltage switching is proposed. The feedback output voltage is used to control the oscillator frequency to achieve the self-tracking function. Experimental results exhibit that the Class-E inverter circuit can be effectively and stably applied on the high power ultrasonic welding system.

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Ashique, Ratil H., Md Hasan Maruf, Kazi Md Shahnawaz Habib Sourov, et al. "A Comparative Performance Analysis of Zero Voltage Switching Class E and Selected Enhanced Class E Inverters." Electronics 10, no. 18 (2021): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182226.

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of the class E and selected enhanced class E inverters, namely, the second and third harmonic group of class EFn, E/Fn and the class E Flat Top inverter. The inverters are designed under identical specifications and evaluated against the variation of switching frequency (f), duty ratio (D), capacitance ratio (k), and the load resistance (RL). To offer a comparative understanding, the performance parameters, namely, the power output capability, efficiency, peak switch voltage and current, peak resonant capacitor voltages, and the peak current in the lumped network, are determined quantitatively. It is found that the class EF2 and E/F3 inverters, in general, have higher efficiency and comparable power output capability with respect to the class E inverter. More specifically, the class EF2 (parallel LC and in series to the load network) and E/F3 (parallel LC and in series to the load network) maintain 90% efficiency compared to 80% for class E inverter at the optimum operating condition. Furthermore, the peak switch voltage and current in these inverters are on average 20–30% lower than the class E and other versions for k > 1. The analysis also shows that the class EF2 and E/F3 inverters should be operated in the stretch of 1 < k < 5 and D = 0.3–0.6 at the optimum load to sustain the high-performance standard.

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Kazimierczuk, M. K., and W. Szaraniec. "Class-D zero-voltage-switching inverter with only one shunt capacitor." IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 139, no. 5 (1992): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1992.0055.

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Arslan, Leyla, and Harun Özbay. "Modelling and simulation of D-class current-fed parallel resonant inverter for induction heating system." AINTELIA SCIENCE NOTES 1, no. 1 (2022): 106–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071163.

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In the induction heating process, non-contact heating is carried out. Induction heating systems are used in heating, melting, surface hardening processes and applications such as cooking. Induction heating is based on Michael Faraday's Law of Induction. Compared to conventional heating methods, the induction heating method has advantages such as shorter processing time, uniform distribution of heat on the material, high efficiency and no explosion hazard. In order to realize induction heating, a variable magnetic field and a metal material placed in the magnetic field are needed. Voltage-fed or current-fed resonant inverters are frequently used to realize power conversion in induction heating and because of their low switching losses and zero current or voltage switching possibilities. In this study, D-class current-fed parallel resonant inverter, which is one of the resonant converter types, is used. The operating states of the switching frequency below the resonant frequency, equal to the resonant frequency, and above the resonant frequency have compared. The simulation results were obtained by modeling the designed current source parallel resonance inverter with PSIM software. Thus, it has been observed that the phase difference between the output current and voltage in the parallel resonant inverter depends on the switching frequency. As a result of the operation of the resonant inverter at the resonant frequency, it has been determined that zero voltage switching is provided. Thus, it has been observed that maximum efficiency is achieved by preventing switching losses and the obtained results are presented.

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Jamal, Norezmi, Syahmi Syafiq Ishak, Aira Zambri, et al. "The Impact of Silicon MOSFET on Class E Power Converter Switching Performance." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 129, no. 1 (2024): 153–65. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.129.1.153165.

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This paper explores the diverse applications of Silicon Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (Si MOSFET) power switch devices in Class E circuit switching. Class E circuit is known for their exceptional efficiency and adaptability across a wide range of applications. However, the performance of Class E circuit can be significantly affected by parasitic components, particularly parasitic capacitors, which play a crucial role in the operation of the converter. This is because parasitic capacitors in Si MOSFET have the potential to increase switching losses in the power converter circuit by storing and releasing energy during switching transitions and can limit the speed of MOSFET switching. The study has determined that IRF510 combined with the TC 4422 driver achieves an efficiency of 98.21%, making it the most suitable switching device for high-frequency Class E circuit. Therefore, achieving Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of a Class E circuit is attainable by carefully selecting the appropriate power switch device and considering the value of parasitic capacitances to mitigate voltage spikes and ringing effects.

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Muhammad, Zaki bin Mustapa, Saat Shakir, Yusof Yusmarnita, and Meor Shaari Muslimah. "Capacitive power transfer in biomedical implantable device: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 935–42. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp935-942.

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This paper presents the development of a new design method of capacitive power transfer (CPT) which is based on hybrid concept for Biomedical Implants. This method is able to improve various issues found in the widely used CPT system that is bipolar CPT method. Based on the ability of this purposed, the simulation of the CPT system has been designed to prove an amount of power transferred through a layer of tissue. The design used to validate the suggested model which to powering implanted device, and it was performed with 3cm square plates, which have a layer of beef with the 5mm thickness in between 2 coupling plate. Power signal was generated by Class E zero voltage switching. The Class E zero voltage switching has been designed to generating alternate current with the 1MHz frequency appropriate to the hybrid CPT system specification.

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Zaki, Mustapa, Saat Shakir, and Yusof Yusmarnita. "A new design of capacitive power transfer based on hybrid approach for biomedical implantable device." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 2336–45. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2336-2345.

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Mustapa, Zaki, Shakir Saat, and Yusmarnita Yusof. "A New Design of Capacitive Power Transfer Based on Hybrid Approach for Biomedical Implantable Device." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2365-2376.

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This paper presents the development of a new design method of capacitive power transfer (CPT) which is based on hybrid concept for Biomedical Implants. This method is able to improve various issues found in the widely used CPT system that is bipolar CPT method. Based on the ability of this purposed, the simulation of the CPT system has been designed to prove an amount of power transferred through a layer of tissue. The design used to validate the suggested model which to powering implanted device, and it was performed with 3cm square plates, which have a layer of beef with the 5mm thickness in between 2 coupling plate. Power signal was generated by Class E zero voltage switching. The Class E zero voltage switching has been designed to generating alternate current with the 1MHz frequency appropriate to the hybrid CPT system specification.

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Wang, Ping, Qian Li, Yanming Liu, Wei Yuan, Kui Yan, and Zixu Pang. "A Novel Impedance Matching of Class DE Inverter for High Efficiency, Wide Impedance WPT System." Electronics 13, no. 5 (2024): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050959.

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In high-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) applications, Class D, E, and F inverters are most widely used. Class DE inverters combine the respective advantages of Class D and Class E inverters. However, the Class DE inverter is sensitive to changes in impedance, which can easily lead to the loss of soft switching characteristics, thereby reducing efficiency. In this paper, an impedance-matching compensation design method is proposed to expand the high-efficiency region of the Class DE inverter by matching impedance and parameters. The effect of the method on the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) characteristic of Class DE inverters is analyzed in detail. The proposed WPT system maintains a constant voltage and zero phase angle by employing PS/PS compensation topology. Theoretical analysis shows that the impedance can be compressed for the design of resonant network impedance, and the method can expand the high-efficiency region with a reasonable choice of parameters to match the phase. Finally, a 500 kHz, 1 kW WPT prototype was constructed with a coupling factor of 0.25–0.4 and a load range of 30–80 Ω. The inverter’s efficiency exceeds 95%, with optimal efficiency reaching 97.3%. The system efficiency is greater than 87%.

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Zheng, Jian, Cunxing Peng, Kaihui Zhao, and Mingcheng Lyu. "A Low Common-Mode SVPWM for Two-Level Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters." Energies 16, no. 21 (2023): 7294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217294.

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In order to reduce the common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by the use of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) in two-level three-phase voltage source inverters, a low common-mode SVPWM method is proposed. In this method, the voltage plane is divided into 12 sectors, and on each sector, two non-zero vectors of the same class and one single zero vector are adopted for synthesis. The action time of the zero vector is placed at both ends of each switching cycle, the currents are sampled at the beginning of each switching cycle, and the action time and sequence of vectors on each sector is provided. Simulation and experimental results show that, in the vector control system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by the inverter, compared with the conventional SVPWM, the proposed method reduces the CMV peak-to-valley value by 33.333%, the CMV jump frequency by three times, and the performance of the line voltage and line current. The electromagnetic torque and rotor speed remain good, which has good application value in high-performance drives.

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Mustapa, Muhammad Zaki Bin, Shakir Saat, Yusmarnita Yusof, and Muslimah Meor Shaari. "Capacitive power transfer in biomedical implantable device: a review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp935-942.

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This paper presents the development of a new design method of capacitive power transfer (CPT) which is based on hybrid concept for Biomedical Implants. This method is able to improve various issues found in the widely used CPT system that is bipolar CPT method. Based on the ability of this purposed, the simulation of the CPT system has been designed to prove an amount of power transferred through a layer of tissue. The design used to validate the suggested model which to powering implanted device, and it was performed with 3cm square plates, which have a layer of beef with the 5mm thickness in between 2 coupling plate. Power signal was generated by Class E zero voltage switching. The Class E zero voltage switching has been designed to generating alternate current with the 1MHz frequency appropriate to the hybrid CPT system specification.

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Casallas, Ingrid, Robert Urbina, Carlos-Ivan Paez-Rueda, Gabriel Perilla, Manuel Pérez, and Arturo Fajardo. "Analysis of the Soft-Switching Tuning Effect on the Figures of Merit Involved in the Design of a Class-E Amplifier with Finite DC-Feed Inductance." Electronics 10, no. 14 (2021): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141705.

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This paper explores the design of a Class-E amplifier with finite DC-feed inductance using three tuning methods. Furthermore, this work quantifies the impacts of the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the tuning effect) on the main figures of merit (FoMs) of this amplifier. The tuning goals were to guarantee two conditions: zero voltage and zero voltage derivative switching (i.e., soft-switching tuning). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, systematic tuning methods have not been analyzed before for this amplifier topology. Two of them are based on the iterative component tuning process, and they have been explored previously in the design of the conventional class-E amplifier with an RF choke inductance. The last tuning method explores the simultaneous adjustment of the control signal period and one amplifier capacitor. The analyzed tuning methods were validated by extensive simulations of case studies, which were designed following the power specifications of the Qi standard. In 100% and 96% of the case studies, zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative voltage switching (ZDS) were achieved, respectively. Furthermore, we identified an unexpected behavior in the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the turning point), which consisted of a change of the expected trend of the soft-switching (i.e., ZVS and ZDS) point, and it occurred in 21% of the case studies. When this behavior occurred and converged to at least ZVS, the tuning process required more iterations and a large number of tuning variables. Additionally, after the tuning process, the total harmonic distortion and output power capacity were improved (i.e., in 78% and 61% of the case studies, respectively), whereas the output power, drain and added power efficiencies deteriorated (i.e., in 83%, 61% and 65% of the case studies, respectively) in the overall case studies. However, we could not identify an improvement in the overall FoMs related to the soft-switching tuning. Furthermore, the tuning impact was significant and produced some improvements and some deleterious effects for the FoMs in each case study, without a clear trend by FoMs or by tuning method. Therefore, the amplifier designer may choose the more favorable tuning method and the related FoM trade-offs for the required design specifications.

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Medina-Garcia, Alfredo, Manfred Schlenk, Diego Morales, and Noel Rodriguez. "Resonant Hybrid Flyback, a New Topology for High Density Power Adaptors." Electronics 7, no. 12 (2018): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120363.

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In this article, an innovative power adaptor based on the asymmetrical pulse width modulation (PWM) flyback topology will be presented. Its benefits compared to other state-of-the-art topologies, such as the active clamp flyback, are analyzed in detail. It will also describe the control methods to achieve high efficiency and power density using zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS) techniques over the full range of the input voltage and the output load, providing comprehensive guidelines for the practical design. Finally, we demonstrate the convenience of the proposed design methods with a 65 W adaptor prototype achieving a peak efficiency of close to 95% and a minimum efficiency of 93.4% at full load over the range of the input voltage, as well as a world-class power density of 22 W/inch3 cased.

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Ayachit, Agasthya, Fabio Corti, Alberto Reatti, and Marian K. Kazimierczuk. "Zero-Voltage Switching Operation of Transformer Class-E Inverter at Any Coupling Coefficient." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 3 (2019): 1809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2838059.

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Li, Qiqi, Shanxu Duan, and Han Fu. "Analysis and Design of Single-Ended Resonant Converter for Wireless Power Transfer Systems." Sensors 22, no. 15 (2022): 5617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155617.

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Single-ended resonant converters such as Class-E inverters have been widely considered as a potential topology for small- and medium-power wireless power transfer (WPT) applications, which feature compact circuits, low switching losses, and cost benefits, as they only use a low-side switch with a simple gate driver. However, there remains a practical challenge in the design of voltage stress, efficiency, and power density. In this paper, a single-ended resonant converter with a primary parallel resonant-matching network is investigated to absorb the bulky input-choke inductors of the Class-E inverters into the coil inductance. The analytical expressions for all the converter parameters are derived based on time-domain resonant waveforms, including: (1) analysis of critical zero-voltage switching (ZVS) conditions and (2) power transfer capabilities under the given maximum switch voltage stress. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on the design methodology of the proposed single-ended resonant converters, and an optimal operating point is chosen to ensure soft-switching operation and rated power. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by simulation and experimental results.

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Khairul, Kamarudin Hasan, Saat Shakir, Yusop Yusmarnita, Husin Huzaimah, and Diyana Md Sin Nor. "The design of an efficient class E-LCCL capacitive power transfer system through frequency tuning method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (2021): 1095–104. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1095-1104.

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In this work, the optimum zero voltage switching (ZVS) of Class E-LCCL capacitive power transfer (CPT) was determined via frequency tuning method. Through this an efficient system can be guanranteed although there is a change in the capacitive plates distance. This study used a Class-E LCCL inverter, as it can operate at a high alternate current frequency, besides producing low switching losses and minimal power losses. Specifically, this study conducted simulations and experiments to analyse the performance of an LCCL CPT System at 1 MHz operating frequency and 24 V DC supply voltage. Using an air gap distance of 0.1 cm, the designed CPT system prototype successfully achieved an output power of 10W and an efficiency of 95.45%. This study also found that by tuning the resonant frequency of the Class E-LCCL system, the optimum ZVS can be obtained although capacitive plate distance was varied from 1-3 cm via experimental. The results of this study could benefit medical implant and portable device development, consumer electronics, and environments that involve electrical hazards.

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PONCE, M., J. ARAU, and J. M. ALONSO. "EVALUATION OF THE CLASS E AMPLIFIER WITH TWO CURRENT SOURCES USED AS A HIGH-POWER-FACTOR ELECTRONIC BALLAST FOR COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 03 (2004): 631–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001702.

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In this paper a novel class E amplifier with two current sources used to implement high-power-factor electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps is presented and evaluated. The circuit is based on the class E amplifier with two current sources, one of them was implemented using the main input voltage and the other by means of a bulk capacitor charged from the resonant tank of the class E amplifier. This topology presents a high power factor and low current crest factor and only uses one switch with zero voltage switching. Design guidelines are presented and a 300-kHz electronic ballast for a 32-W compact fluorescent lamp was designed and tested.

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Colak, Ilhami, Mehmet Demirtas, and Ersan Kabalci. "Design, optimisation and application of a resonant DC link inverter for solar energy systems." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 5 (2014): 1761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-06-2013-0200.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine diminish switching losses in a solar energy conversion system in order to utilise the full efficiency of a solar panel. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a boost converter and a resonant DC link (RDCL) inverter are controlled by a microcontroller. The maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm implemented for boost converter supplies to track maximum power point of solar panel. The Class D full-bridge resonant inverter (RI) that is considered to be supplied by boost converter is modeled and zero voltage switching operation is performed by controlling the inverter with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) control scheme. The control algorithm is managed with a feedback detecting the current of the boost converter and the zero voltage levels of capacitor voltage in the resonant circuit. Findings – There are several control techniques have been proposed to reduce switching losses and harmonic contents in conventional or RDCL inverters. Solar panels are used in low power applications among other renewable energy sources. By considering that the efficiency parameter of an actual solar panels is around 14∼17 per cent, the switching losses occurred in energy conversion systems causes the efficiency are reduced. Originality/value – The proposed approach has been decreased the switching power losses owing to resonant DC link inverter while the developed MPPT algorithm provides to generate maximum power. This paper introduces a novel soft switching technique in solar energy applications in order to maximise the possible efficiency.

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Corti, Fabio, Alberto Reatti, Ya-Hui Wu, Dariusz Czarkowski, and Salvatore Musumeci. "Zero Voltage Switching Condition in Class-E Inverter for Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer Applications." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040911.

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This paper presents a complete design methodology of a Class-E inverter for capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) applications, focusing on the capacitance coupling influence. The CWPT has been investigated in this paper, because most of the literature refers to inductive power transfer (IWPT). However, CWPT in perspective can result in lower cost and higher reliability than IWPT, because it does not need coils and related shields. The Class-E inverter has been selected, because it is a single switch inverter with a grounded MOSFET source terminal, and this leads to low costs and a simple control strategy. The presented design procedure ensures both zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero derivative switching (ZDS) conditions at an optimum coupling coefficient, thus enabling a high transmission and conversion efficiency. The novelties of the proposed method are that the output power is boosted higher than in previous papers available in the literature, the inverter is operated at a high conversion efficiency, and the equivalent impedance of the capacitive wireless power transfer circuit to operate in resonance is exploited. The power and the efficiency have been increased by operating the inverter at 100 kHz so that turn-off losses, as well as losses in inductor and capacitors, are reduced. The closed-form expressions for all the Class-E inverter voltage and currents waveforms are derived, and this allows for the understanding of the effects of the coupling coefficient variations on ZVS and ZDS conditions. The analytical estimations are validated through several LTSpice simulations and experimental results. The converter circuit, used for the proposed analysis, has been designed and simulated, and a laboratory prototype has been experimentally tested. The experimental prototype can transfer 83.5 W at optimal capacitive coupling with operating at 100 kHz featuring 92.5% of the efficiency, confirming that theoretical and simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental tests.

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Thian, M., and V. Fusco. "Idealised operation of zero-voltage-switching series-L/parallel-tuned Class-E power amplifier." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 2, no. 3 (2008): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds:20070153.

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Weng, You-Chen, Chih-Chiang Wu, Edward Chang, and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Minimum Power Input Control for Class-E Amplifier Using Depletion-Mode Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistor." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082302.

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In this study, we implemented a depletion (D)-mode gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT, which has the advantage of having no body diode) in a class-E amplifier. Instead of applying a zero voltage switching control, which requires high frequency sampling at a high voltage (>600 V), we developed an innovative control method called the minimum power input control. The output of this minimum power input control can be presented in simple empirical equations allowing the optimal power transfer efficiency for 6.78 MHz resonant wireless power transfer (WPT). In order to reduce the switching loss, a gate drive design for the D-mode GaN HEMT, which is highly influential for the reliability of the resonant WPT, was also produced and described here for circuit designers.

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Yusop, Yusmarnita, Mohd Shakir Md Saat, Siti Huzaimah Husin, Sing Kiong Nguang, and Imran Hindustan. "Design and Analysis of 1MHz Class-E Power Amplifier for Load and Duty Cycle Variations." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 2 (2016): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp358-368.

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This paper presents the simulation and experimental of Class-E power amplifier which consists of a load network and a single transistor. The transistor is operated as a switch at the carrier frequency of the output signal. In general, Class-E power amplifier is often used in designing a high frequency ac power source because of its ability to satisfy the zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions efficiently even when working at high frequencies with significant reduction in switching losses. In this paper, a 10W Class-E power amplifier is designed, constructed, and tested in the laboratory. SK40C microcontroller board with PIC16F877A is used to generate a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching signal to drive the IRF510 MOSFET. To be specific, in this paper, the effect on switching and performance at 1MHz frequency are studied in order to understand the Class-E inverter behavior. Performance parameters relationships were observed and analysed in respect to the load and duty cycle. Theoretical calculations, simulation and experimental results for optimum operation using selected component values are then compared and presented.

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Hasan, Khairul Kamarudin, Shakir Saat, Yusmarnita Yusop, Huzaimah Husin, and Nor Diyana Md Sin. "The design of an efficient class E-LCCL capacitive power transfer system through frequency tuning method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (2021): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1095-1104.

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Ismail, E. H., and R. Erickson. "A new class of low-cost three-phase high-quality rectifiers with zero-voltage switching." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 12, no. 4 (1997): 734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.602569.

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Choi, Hyun-Sik, Thinh Ngo, and Yushi Zhou. "Power Efficiency Characterization with Various Gate Oxide Thicknesses in Class DE Amplifiers for HIFU Applications." Electronics 11, no. 19 (2022): 3191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193191.

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Skin and cancer cell treatments using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) have garnered considerable attention as a technology with fewer side effects. Hence, various schemes have been developed to operate ultrasound transducers with high efficiencies. Class DE power amplifiers operate in zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative switching (ZDS); therefore, high-efficiency operation is possible. However, during the CMOS process, a difference in efficiency arises depending on the gate oxide process, which has not yet been analyzed. In high-power devices, a thick oxide layer is primarily used to prevent breakdown. However, this can lead to a decrease in power efficiency. This study analyzes the overall power consumption for each oxide layer thickness during the AMS H35 CMOS process and compares its efficiency. The results confirm that an output power of approximately 1.8 W and a power efficiency of 94% can be obtained with just a relatively thin gate oxide thickness of approximately 10 nm. Furthermore, an additional power efficiency of approximately 3% can be obtained by reducing only the gate oxide thickness.

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Björk, Fanny, Michael Treu, Jochen Hilsenbeck, M. A. Kutschak, Daniel Domes, and Roland Rupp. "1200V SiC JFET in Cascode Light Configuration: Comparison versus Si and SiC Based Switches." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.587.

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A 1200 V SiC JFET has been demonstrated to achieve ultra-low switching losses ten times lower than for industrial grade 1200V Si IGBT. The low switching losses are also shown to compete with the fastest 600V class MOSFET in the market, yielding 1.1% higher PFC stage efficiency for 340 kHz switching frequency, when same device on-resistances were measured. The proposed normally-on JFET also differentiates over the IGBT by its purely Ohmic output characteristics without any voltage threshold, and by a monolithically integrated body diode with practically zero reverse recovery. In this paper we outline as well how the other pre-requisites for a 1200 V SiC switch in applications such as photovoltaic systems and UPS can be fulfilled by the proposed JFET solution: long-term reliability, product cost optimization by low specific on-resistance combined with reasonable process window expectations. Finally, a normally-off like safe operation behavior is ensured by a dedicated driving scheme utilizing a low-voltage Si MOSFET as protection device at system start-up and for system failure conditions.

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Cheng, Lin, Janna R. B. Casady, Michael S. Mazzola та ін. "Fast Switching (41 MHz), 2.5 mΩ•cm², High Current 4H-SiC VJFETs for High Power and High Temperature Applications". Materials Science Forum 527-529 (жовтень 2006): 1183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.1183.

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In this work we have demonstrated the operation of 600-V class 4H-SiC vertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VJFETs) with 6.6-ns rise time, 7.6-ns fall time, 4.8-ns turn-on and 5.4-ns turn-off delay time at 2.5 A drain current (IDS), which corresponds to a maximum switching frequency of 41 MHz – the fastest ever reported switching of SiC JFETs to our knowledge. At IDS of 12 A, a 19.1 MHz maximum switching frequency has been also achieved. Specific on-resistance (Rsp-on) in the linear region is 2.5 m·cm2 at VGS of 3 V. The drain current density is greater than 1410 A/cm2 at 9 V drain voltage. High-temperature operation of the 4H-SiC VJFETs has also been investigated at temperatures from 25 °C to 225 °C. Changes in the on-resistance with temperature are in the range of 0.90~1.33%/°C at zero gate bias and IDS of 50 mA. The threshold voltage becomes more negative with a negative shift of 0.096~0.105%/°C with increasing temperature.

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Liu, Ching-Yao, Guo-Bin Wang, Chih-Chiang Wu, Edward Chang, Stone Cheng, and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Derivation of the Resonance Mechanism for Wireless Power Transfer Using Class-E Amplifier." Energies 14, no. 3 (2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030632.

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In this study, we investigated the resonance mechanism of 6.78 MHz resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The depletion mode of a gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) was used to switch the states in a class-E amplifier circuit in this high frequency. The D-mode GaN HEMT without a body diode prevented current leakage from the resonant capacitor when the drain-source voltage became negative. The zero-voltage switching control was derived according to the waveform of the resonant voltage across the D-mode GaN HEMT without the use of body diode conduction. In this study, the effect of the resonant frequency and the duty cycle on the resonance mechanism was derived to achieve the highest WPT efficiency. The result shows that the power transfer efficiency (PTE) is higher than 80% in a range of 40 cm transfer distance, and the power delivered to load (PDL) is measured for different distances. It is also possible to cover different applications related to battery charging and others using the proposed design.

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Bilsalam, Anusak, Chainarin Ekkaravarodome, Viboon Chunkag, and Phatiphat Thounthong. "Analyzing the Effect of Parasitic Capacitance in a Full-Bridge Class-D Current Source Rectifier on a High Step-Up Push–Pull Multiresonant Converter." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105477.

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This paper presents an analysis on the effect of a parasitic capacitance full-bridge class-D current source rectifier (FB-CDCSR) on a high step-up push–pull multiresonant converter (HSPPMRC). The proposed converter can provide high voltage for a 12 VDC battery using an isolated transformer and an FB-CDCSR. The main switches of the push–pull and diode full-bridge rectifier can be operated under a zero-current switching condition (ZCS). The advantages of this technique are that it uses a leakage inductance to achieve the ZCS for the power switch, and the leakage inductance and parasitic junction capacitance are used to design the secondary side of the resonant circuit. A prototype HSPPMRC was built and operated at 200 kHz fixed switching frequency, 340 VDC output voltage, and 250 W output power. In addition, the efficiency is equal to 96% at maximum load. Analysis of the effect of the parasitic junction capacitance on the full-bridge rectifier indicates that it has a significant impact on the operating point of the resonant tank and voltage. The proposed circuit design was verified via experimental results, which were found to be in agreement with the theoretical analysis.

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Г. О., ШЕЇНА. "Investigation of overvoltage in electrical networks." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 24, no. 1 (2021): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-1-46-50.

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The paper considers the processes that occur in power lines and power transformers at atmospheric and switching overvoltages. Atmospheric overvoltages are divided into two types: direct, which occur due to a direct lightning strike; and induction - occur at any switching. Direct overvoltages reach values sufficient to cover the insulation of any voltage class. Protection of power transmission lines from them - suspension of grounded lightning protection cables, protection of substation equipment - installation of lightning rods. It is important to study the wave processes in power lines that occur when switching, which occurs when the power supply is turned on, when disconnected from the power supply, in the event of short circuits, when power lines are struck by lightning. In addition, it is important to study the wave processes in power transformers, the effect of the pulse corona, the effect of overvoltage on the transformer windings. In a more detailed analysis of the processes, the following conclusions were made: 1) under the condition of the same mains voltage, the voltage wave will be higher in the cable transmission line than in the air, due to the difference in impedance. 2) in the XX mode, the load current will drop to zero, and the load voltage will double. The voltage of the reflected wave will keep the sign. In short-circuit mode, the load voltage will drop to zero and the load current will double. The voltage of the reflected wave will change the sign. Thus, when the substation equipment is under a voltage close to XX, there is a probability of equipment damage during atmospheric overvoltages. 3) For substations that are powered by overhead power lines, it is advisable to use a tank to smooth the slope of the refracted wave, and for substations that are powered by cable transmission lines, it is advisable to use inductance to smooth the slope of the refracted wave. 4) Inductance and capacitance can have a significant effect on the amplitude of the voltage wave, provided that. 5) Capacitance performs protective functions in all directions, both refracted and reflected wave, and inductance only smooths the refracted wave. The obtained relations can be used to study the overvoltage in the connection nodes of node substations.

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Hayati, Mohsen, and Ali Lotfi. "Modeling and analysis of class-E zero-voltage switching amplifier at any grading coefficient and duty ratio." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 28, no. 5 (2014): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2014.883943.

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Li, Yen‐Fang. "Exact analysis and design of zero voltage switching operation for class E inverter with circuit components varying." IET Power Electronics 6, no. 1 (2013): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2012.0276.

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Li, Yen‐Fang. "Active zero voltage switching tracking controller design for class E inverter to counteract the resonant components shifting." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 10 (2015): 2016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0310.

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Murtianta, Budihardja. "PENGUAT KELAS D DENGAN METODE SUMMING INTEGRATOR." Elektrika 11, no. 2 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v11i2.1693.

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A class D amplifier is one in which the output transistors are operated as switches. When a transistor is off, the current through it is zero and when it is on, the voltage across it is small, ideally zero. Thus the power dissipation is very low, so it requires a smaller heat sink for the amplifier. Class D amplifier operation is based on analog principles and there is no digital encoding of the signal. Before the emergence of class D amplifiers, the standard classes were class A, class AB, class B, and class C. The classic method for generating signals driving a transistor MOSFET is to use a comparator. One input is driven by an incoming audio signal, and the other by a triangle wave or a sawtooth wave at the required switching frequency. The frequency of a triangular or sawtooth wave must be higher than the audio input. MOSFET transistors work in a complementary manner that operates as a switch. Triangle waves are usually generated by square waves fed to the integrator circuit. So the main part of processing audio signals into PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is the integrator and comparator. In this paper, we will discuss the work of a class D amplifier system using the summing integrator method as its main part.

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Khairul, Kamarudin Hasan, Saat Shakir, Yusop Yusmarnita, Abdul Majid Masmaria, and Sufian Ramli Mohd. "Analysis and design of class E-LCCL compensation circuit topology circuit topology for capacitive power transfer system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 1265–74. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp1265-1274.

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This research introduces the analysis and design of Class E-LCCL for capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. The CPT Class-E LCCL system is able to operate at high-frequency with decreased capacitance plate size and at reduced power losses by minimising switching losses. Additionally, the design of a CPT Class-E LCCL power amplifier is less complicated, since it is usually lighter and smaller with comparative intolerance to different circuit variants; hence, enabling the possibility of miniaturising the system. In this work, the capability of the CPT Class-E LCCL CPT system powered by 24 V DC supply voltage while operating at 1 MHz was analysed via experimental works and extensive simulation. Lastly, a CPT Class-E LCCL system prototype was built, generating 10 W output power via a 0.1 cm air gap at a near-perfect efficiency level of 96.68%. These findings could be beneficial for household apparatus, medical implants, and charging consumer electronics.

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Ge, Xinyuan, Lin Cheng, Yuan Yao, and Wing-Hung Ki. "A 6.78 MHz Single-Stage Wireless Power Transmitter Using a 3-Mode Zero-Voltage Switching Class-D PA." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 68, no. 6 (2021): 2736–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2021.3071265.

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Kamito, Yohei, Kazuaki Fukui, and Hirotaka Koizumi. "An Analysis of the Class-E Zero-Voltage-Switching Rectifier Using the Common-Grounded Multistep-Controlled Shunt Capacitor." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, no. 9 (2014): 4807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2289883.

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Zhang, Shu, Xiaosheng Liu, Yueshi Guan, Yousu Yao, and Jose Marcos Alonso. "Modified zero‐voltage‐switching single‐stage LED driver based on Class E converter with constant frequency control method." IET Power Electronics 11, no. 12 (2018): 2010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5155.

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Yusop, Yusmarnita, Mohd Shakir Md. Saat, Siti Huzaimah Husin, Sing Kiong Nguang, and Imran Hindustan. "Performance assessment of class-E inverter for capacitive power transfer system." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 4 (2017): 1237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-05-2016-0238.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a new wireless power transfer technique using capacitive coupling. The capacitive power transfer (CPT) system has been introduced as an attractive alternative to the traditional inductive coupling method. The CPT offers benefits such as simple topology, fewer components, better electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance and robustness to surrounding metallic elements. Design/methodology/approach A class-E inverter together with and without inductor capacitor (LC) matching circuit has been utilised in this work because of its ability to perform the DC-to-AC inversion efficiently with significant reduction in switching losses. The validity of the proposed concept has been verified by conducting a laboratory experiment of the CPT system. Findings The performances for both systems are analysed and evaluated. A 9.7 W output power is generated through a combined interface [printed circuit board (PCB) plate] capacitance of 2.82 nF at an operating frequency of 1 MHz, with 97 per cent efficiency for 0.25 mm coupling gap distance. Originality value An efficient CPT system with class-E LC matching topology is proposed in this paper. With this topology, the zero-voltage switching can be achieved even if the load is different by properly designing the LC matching transformation circuit.

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Hwu, Kuo-Ing, Jenn-Jong Shieh, and Yu-Ping He. "Single-Stage Step-Down Power Factor Corrector without Full-Bridge Rectifier." Applied Sciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083449.

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In this paper, a single-stage step-down power factor corrector without a full-bridge rectifier is developed, which is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In terms of control, the DCM has the advantages of simple control and easy realization, no slope compensation, zero current switching, and no diode reverse current. By sampling the output voltage and using the voltage-follower control to generate the necessary control force to drive the power switch, not only can the output voltage be stabilized at the desired value, but also the input current can be, as much as possible, in the form of a sinusoidal waveform and can follow the phase of the input voltage. Moreover, the harmonic distortion meets the requirements of the IEC6100-3-2 Class D harmonics standard, and, thus, the proposed rectifier is appropriate for the computer, computer monitor, and television receiver. Eventually, by means of mathematical deductions, simulations by PSIM version 9.1, and experimental results, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed circuit can be verified.

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Tang, Li-Chuan, Shyr-Long Jeng, Edward-Yi Chang, and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Variable-Frequency Pulse Width Modulation Circuits for Resonant Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123656.

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In this paper, we develop a variable-frequency pulse width modulation (VFPWM) circuit for input control of 6.78-MHz resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The zero-voltage switching control relies on the adjustments of both duty cycle and switching frequency for the class-E amplifier used in the WPT as the power transmission unit. High-frequency pulse wave modulation integrated circuits exist, but some have insufficiently high frequency or unfavorable resolution for duty cycle tuning. The novelty of this work is the VFPWM circuit design that we put together. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of radio frequency and capacitor-coupled difference amplifiers are used to simultaneously perform the frequency and duty cycle tuning required in resonant WPT applications. Different circuit topologies of VFPWM are compared analytically and numerically. The most favorable circuit topology, enabling independent control of the frequency and duty cycle, is employed in experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the novel VFPWM, which is capable of operating at 6.78 MHz and has a duty ratio adjustable from 20% to 45% of the range applicable in the resonant WPT applications.

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Lu, Fuchao, and Zhengquan Zhang. "Digital Control Scheme for Class-D Power Amplifier Driving ICP Load Without Matching Network." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2385. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092385.

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Class-D power amplifiers driving variable loads, such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP), typically require an impedance matching network, which has a relatively slow matching speed, generally in the millisecond range. To address this issue, this paper proposes a solution that uses a fully digital control method for Class-D power amplifiers to directly drive ICP loads. This solution eliminates the need for an impedance matching network, reducing the overall output power regulation time to just tens of microseconds. Compared to traditional methods that use a VI probe to detect output power, the proposed method in this paper only requires measuring the resonant current in the loop to control the output power, thereby reducing costs and ensuring that the Class-D power amplifier achieves zero-voltage switching (ZVS) throughout the adjustment process. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the design method of the Class-D power amplifier and the overall digital control scheme and validates them via simulation and experimentation. The Class-D power amplifier prototype was designed using SiC MOSFETs, with a Xilinx ZYNQ-XC7Z100 FPGA as the control board. The output frequency varies around 4 MHz, successfully generating plasma.

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