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Journal articles on the topic 'Class energy performance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Pitonak, Anton, and Martin Lopusniak. "Analysis of Energy Sources on Energy Indicators Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.198.

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In the members states of the European Union, portion of buildings in the total consumption of energy represents 40%, and their portion in CO2 emissions fluctuates around 35%. The European Union is trying to protect the environment by reducing energy demand and releasing CO2 emissions into the air. Energy performance is the quantity of energy, which is necessary for heating and domestic hot water production, for cooling and ventilation and for lighting. Based on results of energy performance, individual buildings are classified into energy classes A to G. A global indicator (primary energy) is the decisive factor for final evaluation of the building. The new building must meet minimum requirements for energy performance, i.e. it must be classified to energy class A1 since 2016, and to energy class A0 since 2020. The paper analyses effect of the use of different resources of heat in a family house designed according to requirements valid since 2020, and its subsequent classification into an energy class.

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PARK, Heekwon, Seungjae BAEK, and Jongmoo CHOI. "Performance and Energy Efficiency Tradeoffs of Storage Class Memory." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E93-D, no. 11 (2010): 3112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e93.d.3112.

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3

Sehgal, Priya, Vasily Tarasov, and Erez Zadok. "Optimizing energy and performance for server-class file system workloads." ACM Transactions on Storage 6, no. 3 (September 2010): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1837915.1837918.

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4

Matsushita, Yoshio, Jun Okano, and Keiichi Okajima. "Energy Balance and Stack Performance of 1 kW class PEFC." ECS Transactions 16, no. 24 (December 18, 2019): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3109646.

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5

Earp, J. E. "UK Nuclear power plants?aspiring to world-class performance." Nuclear Energy 40, no. 2 (April 2001): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/nuen.40.2.119.39953.

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Baek, Seungjae, Jongmoo Choi, Donghee Lee, and Sam H. Noh. "Energy-efficient and high-performance software architecture for storage class memory." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2442116.2442131.

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7

Torbeyns, Tine, Bas de Geus, Stephen Bailey, Lieselot Decroix, Jeroen Van Cutsem, Kevin De Pauw, and Romain Meeusen. "Bike Desks in the Classroom: Energy Expenditure, Physical Health, Cognitive Performance, Brain Functioning, and Academic Performance." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 6 (June 2017): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0224.

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Background:Physical activity is positively associated with physical health, cognitive performance, brain functioning and academic performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of bike desks in the classroom on adolescents’ energy expenditure, physical health, cognitive performance, brain functioning and academic performance.Methods:Forty-four adolescents were randomly assigned to control group (CG) or intervention group (IG). During 5 months, the IG used a bike desk for 4 class hours/week. Energy expenditure was measured during 6 consecutive days. Anthropometric parameters, aerobic fitness, academic performance, cognitive performance and brain functioning were assessed before (T0) and after (T1) the intervention.Results:Energy expenditure of the IG was significantly higher during the class hours in which they used the bike desks relative to normal class hours. The CG had a significantly higher BMI at T1 relative to T0 while this was not significantly different for the IG. Aerobic fitness was significantly better in the IG at T1 relative to T0. No significant effects on academic performance cognitive performance and brain functioning were observed.Conclusions:As the implementation of bike desks in the classroom did not interfere with adolescents’ academic performance, this can be seen as an effective means of reducing in-class sedentary time and improving adolescents’ physical health.

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Jing, Hailian, Naoki Maki, Tetsuya Ida, and Mitsuru Izumi. "Performance Comparison of MW Class Tubular Linear Generators for Wave Energy Conversion." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 27, no. 6 (September 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2017.2721962.

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9

Wan Mohd Zawawi, Wan Akmal Izzati, Khairiyah Mohd Yusof, Nur Fazirah Jumari, Nor Azlinda Azmi, and Tengku Nur Zulaikha Tengku Malim Busu. "Implication of Active Learning Techniques in Learning Thermodynamics Energy Conversion using BLOSSOMS Thermodynamics Energy Conversion Video towards Engineering Undergraduates Performance." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i24.12097.

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Utilization of BLOSSOMS Thermodynamics Energy Conversion video to properly incorporate active learning techniques had been shown to increase the students’ performance in learning introductory Thermodynamics topics. In this study, the effectiveness of using BLOSSOMS Thermodynamics Energy Conver-sion video towards students’ learning in a classroom when adopted by lecturers who is not trained in active learning is investigated. Two groups of undergraduate engineering students from a control class and a treatment class were involved in this study. The students from the treatment class were taught by a lecturer using the BLOSSOMS Thermodynamics Energy Conversion video, while the students from control class underwent conventional lecture style. The students were given pre and post inventory tests and their results were analysed using SPSS. It was found that BLOSSOMS Thermodynamics Energy Conversion video without the proper implementation of active learning technique does not have a significant ef-fect on the individual learning gain of the inventory test among students. The uti-lization of the video could be more effective if the instructor is well-trained in ac-tive learning techniques.

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10

Rackow, Tobias, Tallal Javied, Teresa Geith, Peter Schuderer, and Jörg Franke. "Energy Controlling - Analysis and Evaluation of Energy Measuring Equipment for the Purpose of Energy Transparency in Production Plants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 655 (October 2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.655.35.

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This paper addresses the analysis and evaluation of energy measuring devices for the operation in the manufacturing industry. The focus lies on the comparison and scoring of energy meters regarding their performance spectrum against the backdrop of an energy controlling. Based on the fundamentals of electro technical metrology, the main measurement parameters were identified which are necessary for the purpose in the manufacturing industry. Further, capability characteristics for the differentiation of electricity meters were defined. With this, a classification of meters into a basic, a standard, an advanced and a premium class was undertaken. It is shown, that the advanced class is sufficient for the permanent monitoring of electricity consumption in the lights of energy controlling.

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11

Zhang, Changkun, Zhihui Niu, Jiwoong Bae, Leyuan Zhang, Yu Zhao, and Guihua Yu. "Polyeutectic-based stable and effective electrolytes for high-performance energy storage systems." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 2 (2021): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee03100c.

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12

Hessar, F., and S. Roy. "Energy Based Performance Evaluation of Passive EPC Gen 2 Class 1 RFID Systems." IEEE Transactions on Communications 61, no. 4 (April 2013): 1337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2013.13.110603.

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13

Atanassov, E., T. Gurov, and A. Karaivanova. "Energy aware performance study for a class of computationally intensive Monte Carlo algorithms." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 70, no. 11 (December 2015): 2719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2015.07.014.

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14

Choi, Gyeong Seok, Tae Jung Kim, Jae Sik Kang, and Hyun Jung Choi. "Design and Energy Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Windows with Nanotechnology Convergence Type." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.752.

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The purpose of this study, including an aluminum frame high efficiency window system is to develop and validate. In this study, simulation program based on the Window and Therm simulation program, aluminum frame profile, thermal bridges through optimization design of barrier efficiency of the 6type aluminum window system was constructed. In the results of high-efficiency windows system performance assessment, U value 0.8 ~ 1.1W/m2·K, air-tightness performance ratings of 1 showed the windows energy efficiency rating that meets the Class 1 or 2 ratings showed. This study is based on an aluminum frame with a high-efficiency windows were secure system design technology, future public housing, commercial buildings is expected to be applied to a variety of buildings.

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15

Nawir, Fitria, Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo, and Tatag Budiardi. "The growth of eel fed with different protein level and protein-energy ratio." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.14.128-134.

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<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">The study was aimed to determine the optimum dietary protein level and energy protein ratio which can optimize growth performance of the eel <em>A. bicolor bicolor </em>on nursery phase. Four treatments and three replications were applied in this study. The treatments were P1, containing 37.66% protein with energy protein ratio 14.75 kcal GE/g (37.66%; 14.75 kcal GE/g), treatment P2 (41.30%; 13.51 kcal GE/g), treatment P3 (45.38%; 12.27 kcal GE/g), and treatment P4 (49.60%; 11.31 kcal GE/g). Eels used for this study were 6.5±0.3 g in average body weight. Eels were reared in a series of aquaria with dimension 90×40×40 cm<sup>3</sup> and filled with 100 L of fresh water. Total weight of eel stocked in aquarium were 400 g. Eels were fed until satiated twice a day at 8 am and 4 pm for 60 days. The result showed that different protein level and energy protein ratio was significantly affected growth performance (feed consumption, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein retention, and lipid retention), protein and fat of whole body eels at confident limit of 5%. In contrary, there was no significant different on the survival rate, hepatosomatic index, ash content, and nitrogen free extract of the body eel. The optimal growth performance was reached by dietary protein level and energy protein ratio of 45.38%; 12.27 kcal GE/g and 49.60%; 11.31 kcal GE/g.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Anguilla bicolor bicolor</em>, energy protein ratio, feed, growth performance, protein</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar protein dan rasio energi protein optimum yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan sidat <em>A. bicolor bicolor</em> fase pendederan. Empat macam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Perlakuan tersebut adalah P1 yang mengandung protein 37,66%; dengan rasio energi protein 14,75 kkal GE/g (37,66%; 14,75 kkal GE/g), perlakuan P2 (41,30%; 13,51 kkal GE/g), perlakuan P3 (45,38%; 12,27 kkal GE/g) dan perlakuan P4 (49,60%; 11,31 kkal GE/g). Bobot rata-rata ikan sidat yang digunakan adalah 6,5±0,3 g. Ikan sidat dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 90×40×40 cm<sup>3</sup> dengan volume air 100 L. Total bobot ikan yang digunakan dalam setiap akuarium adalah 400 g. Ikan sidat diberi pakan sekenyangnya dengan frekuensi dua kali sehari yaitu pukul 08.00 dan pukul 16.00 WIB selama 60 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kadar protein dan rasio energi protein pakan berbeda, memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan (jumlah konsumsi pakan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein, retensi lemak), protein tubuh dan lemak tubuh, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup, indeks hepatosomatik, kadar abu, dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN) tubuh ikan sidat. Kinerja pertumbuhan optimal dicapai oleh kadar protein dan rasio energi protein pakan 45,38%; 12,27 kkal GE/g dan 49,60%; 11,31 kkal GE/g. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: <em>Anguilla bicolor bicolor</em>, kinerja pertumbuhan, pakan, protein, rasio energi protein</p><p> </p>

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16

Ingeli, Rastislav, and Peter Buday. "Analysis of the Impact of the Fireplace Heating on the Energy Performance of the Family House." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.14979.

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Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate changes of mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing energy efficient buildings. For energy efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. In compliance with the today's trend of designing sustainable and energy-saving architecture, it is necessary firstly to solve the factors influencing the energy balance. This year the subsidy for houses has been valued at € 8,000. The condition is that the building is classified in the energy class A0 according to the Energy Performance Act. Energy class A0 characterizes nearly zero energy buildings. The main concern is for the public to become interested in such buildings. The subsidy is designed to reward and promote those buildings that their heat and technical characteristics and modern technical equipment that meet energy class. In addition to a good plan to raise the profile of such buildings, there has been a lot of speculation to help make buildings in energy class A0. They are mainly owners of family houses where there is no gasification and are forced to have electricity as a source of heat and hot water. Electricity has a high primary energy factor, which means that buildings do not have to be approved.

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17

Elshahawy, Abdelnaby M., Xin Li, Hong Zhang, Yating Hu, Kuan Hung Ho, Cao Guan, and John Wang. "Controllable MnCo2S4 nanostructures for high performance hybrid supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 16 (2017): 7494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00943g.

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18

Chen, Lingen, Fengrui Sun, and Chih Wu. "Performance Optimization of a Class of Finite Time Heat Engines." International Journal of Green Energy 2, no. 3 (July 2005): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01971520500198916.

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19

Maeda, Susumu, Kenji Shimohata, Itsuo Kodera, Hideaki Sano, and Akifumi Izumi. "Performance evaluation of 6000-A-class superconducting field windings for 600-MW-class superconducting generators." Electrical Engineering in Japan 159, no. 2 (April 30, 2007): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20332.

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20

Pylsy, Petri, and Jarek Kurnitski. "Measured performance of exhaust air heat pumps in Finnish apartment buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124606001.

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The energy efficiency of existing apartment buildings is playing an important role in energy and climate targets. In Finland, mechanical exhaust ventilation system is commonly used in older apartment buildings. Hence, there could be an energy saving potential by an exhaust air heat pump system (EAHP). In this work two cases have been studied. Buildings were built in 1960’s and 1970’s and in renovation equipped with hybrid heating system: district heating and exhaust air heat pump system. Two years measurement data, 2018 and 2019, was collected to evaluate the performance of exhaust air heat pump systems. According to measurement data the monthly coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated as well as seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) was defined. The monthly COP values varied from 3,1 to 4,6 and SCOP values were about 3,7. Heating energy cost savings were 23-31 %. Energy performance class before and after EAHP installation was calculated. If at least 50 % of heating energy consumption was covered by EAHP then also energy performance class was improved.

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21

Shimo, Salima Sultana, and Md Zulhash Uddin. "Energy Level and Chemical Class of Disperse Dyes—Plausible Characteristics of Level Dyeing Performance." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.4.3.

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The level dyeing index (LDI) is a measure of dye performance influenced by the dye migration process, ensuring the maximum uniformity of dye redistribution onto the fabric surface. The current study evaluates the level dyeing performance on polyester according to the energy level (low and high) and chemical classes (azo and anthraquinone based) of the three disperse dyes studied. The best levelness was obtained using C.I. Disperse Red 73 (an azo-based, low-energy level disperse dye), which exhibited the highest migration index (MI%) value. LDI results were obtained from the ratio of the exhaustion at the critical dyeing temperature (ECDT% and the final exhaustion Ef%), and the migration index (MI%). Each dye's LDI can be used to determine the compatibility of disperse dyes for combination dyeing.

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22

Reinhardt, William R., Stephen C. Actis, Roger N. Williamson, and Luke F. Eaton. "Magnolia Deepwater Development: Striving for Best in Class Drilling Performance." SPE Drilling & Completion 21, no. 04 (December 1, 2006): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/92439-pa.

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23

Larionov, Arkadiy. "Organizational and technical support of compliance of the energy performance class with the performance standards for construction of high-rise residential buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001103.

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Organizational and technical problems of energy efficiency in the construction of high-rise residential buildings were identified and systematized. The efficiency of state and regional policies in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency in high-rise housing construction and housing and utility services was stated to be largely determined not only by the level of modern constructional technologies and production of building materials, but also by the quality of full-scale measurements. The relevancy of scientific and methodological developments, allowing correctly to carry out the control over the compliance of actual indicators of energy efficiency of high-rise residential buildings with the given parameters, was substantiated. The contradictions of the goals and economic interests of suppliers and end users of energy resources were revealed. The conclusion was made that the solution of the problem of energy efficiency in high-rise housing construction was to harmonize economic interests and anticipations of the key market players.

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24

Maeda, Susumu, Kenji Shimohata, Itsuo Kodera, Hideaki Sano, and Akifumi Izumi. "Performance Evaluation of a 6,000 A Class Superconducting Field Windings for 600 MW Class Superconducting Generators." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 125, no. 5 (2005): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.125.511.

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25

Koziol, Kyle. "Improving decision making through data analytics to drive best-in-class CSG rig performance." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18147.

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The well servicing industry is demanding increased operational efficiencies and reduced variability in activity times across an expanding fleet. Improvements in operational efficiency are also improvements to safety outcomes because of the reduction of process variability. The rig performance monitoring system called ‘eTour’ has been designed and implemented to give increased and timely visibility of rig performance across the fleet. The system is focused on delivering clear data about key phases of the operation, including rig moves and pulling/running completions. The analytics that sit behind the system allow for consideration of variabilities such as operating region, site equipment, leading safety indicators and crew experience to provide a clear view of performance of each rig across 14+ rigs working in coal seam gas (CSG) operations. The information from eTour is used by operations and support teams to improve decision making for management of equipment, procedures and personnel at the rig site. The information can be viewed daily or used for trending over time, depending on requirements. Objective data have been used for the identification of top performing rigs for each phase of the workover or initial completion that supports the sharing of work procedures across the fleet to gain consistency. The data have also played a key role in justifying capital spend to modify equipment and reduce loads for rig moves and other operational efficiencies. eTour relies on a platform that is widely available and, therefore, the process and outputs from the system can be shared across the industry for greater improvements.

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26

Onubi, Hilary Omatule, Nor’Aini Yusof, and Ahmad Sanusi Hassan. "Effects of green construction on project’s economic performance." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 25, no. 3 (June 13, 2020): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-09-2019-0076.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of green construction site practices on the economic performance of projects executed by “class A” contractors in Nigeria. The effects of stormwater management, materials management waste management and energy management on economic performance were examined. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected through a survey of class A contractors in Nigeria, and 168 usable responses were received. The partial least-squares structural equation modelling technique was used to analyse the collected data. Findings It was observed that all the green construction practices studied had significant effects on the economic performance of construction projects with the greatest effect from energy management. Practical implications The results imply that green construction practices generally lead to economic performance. The study has both theoretical and practical implications, as it helps both policymakers and contractors better understand the relationships between these variables of green construction practices and economic performance to better plan for their projects and for the government to formulate appropriate policies. Originality/value The study’s findings makes significant contributions to the ongoing discussion on the relationship between green construction practices and economic performance. The relationship established between stormwater management, waste management, materials management, energy management and economic performance in this study is different when compared with those in other similar studies.

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27

Futamata, M., S. Higuchi, O. Nakamura, I. Ogino, Y. Takada, S. Okazaki, S. Ashimura, and S. Takahashi. "Performance testing of 10 kW-class advanced batteries for electric energy storage systems in Japan." Journal of Power Sources 24, no. 2 (September 1988): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(88)80098-3.

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28

Chen, Lingen, Shaojun Xia, and Fengrui Sun. "Performance Limits for a Class of Irreversible Internal Combustion Engines." Energy & Fuels 24, no. 1 (January 21, 2010): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef900773n.

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29

Fischer, K., M. Rzepka, U. Stimming, J.-W. Biermann, M. Johannaber, and H. Wallentowitz. "Performance of gasoline fuel cell cars - a simulation study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11068.

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This paper reports on the analysis and evaluation of different automobile traction concepts of an electrically powered compact class vehicle equipped with an energy converting fuel cell system. All simulation models of the fuel cell cars are based on an on-board gasoline reformer unit. As fuel cell systems both a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are compared. For a study of the influence of the energy management concept on system performance, the fuel cell car is eventually equipped with an auxiliary energy buffering battery. A variety of studies are shown concerning the performance and energy consumption of the different systems as well as sensitivity studies for selected system parameters.

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30

Alanbar, Maha, Amal Alfarraj, and Manal Alghieth. "Energy Consumption Prediction Using Deep Learning Technique." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 10 (June 30, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i10.14383.

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<p class="0abstract"><span class="Hyperlink0">In the present era, due to technological advances, the problem of energy consumption has become one of the most important problems for its environmental and economic impact. Educational buildings are one of the highest energy consuming institutions. Therefore, one has to direct the individual and society to reach the ideal usage of energy. One of the possible methods to do that is to prediction energy consumption. This study proposes an energy consumption prediction model using deep learning algorithm. To evaluate its performance, College of Computer (CoC) at Qassim University was selected to analyze the elements in the college that affect high energy consumption and data were collected from the Saudi Electricity Company of daily for 13 years. This research applied Long short term memory (LSTM) technique for medium-term prediction of energy consumption. The performance of the proposed model has been measured by evaluation metrics and achieved low Root mean square error (RMSE) which means higher accuracy of the model compared to relative studies. Consequently, this research provides a recommendation for educational organizations to reach optimal energy consumption.</span></p>

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31

Alves, M., D. F. Nadeau, B. Music, F. Anctil, and A. Parajuli. "On the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Driven by the ERA5 Reanalysis over the Canadian Boreal Forest." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 6 (June 2020): 1383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0172.1.

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AbstractThe Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) has been applied over the years in coupled and uncoupled (offline) modes at local, regional, and global scales using various forcing datasets. In this study, CLASS is applied at a local scale in the offline configuration to evaluate its performance when driven by the ERA5 reanalysis. Simulated surface energy fluxes, as well as several other water balance components, are investigated at four sites across the Canadian boreal biome. The results from CLASS driven by ERA5 (CLASS-RNL) are compared with available in situ measurements, as well as with results from CLASS driven by observations (CLASS-CTL). Additional simulations are conducted to evaluate the effects of biases in the ERA5 precipitation, where CLASS is forced by ERA5 data, but with ERA5 precipitation being replaced by observed precipitation (CLASS-RNL-ObsP). The results show that simulated surface variables in CLASS-RNL are in good agreement with observations as well as with those simulated in CLASS-CTL. The CLASS-RNL captures well the observed annual cycles of the surface energy and water fluxes, as well as the year-to-year variation of snow depth, soil temperature, and soil moisture. A strong correlation is found between the observed and CLASS-RNL simulated snow depth and soil temperature. Biases in the ERA5 precipitation did not affect the simulation of soil state variables, whereas the simulated surface heat and water fluxes, as well as the snow depth, were significantly affected. For instance, the simulated runoff in CLASS-RNL is much higher than in CLASS-RNL-ObsP and CLASS-CTL at the most humid sites due to significant positive bias in ERA5 precipitation.

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32

Quispe, Enrique C., Iván D. López, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira, and Vladimir Sousa. "Unbalanced Voltages Impacts on the Energy Performance of Induction Motors." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1412-1422.

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<p class="Abstract">This paper presents the results of a study about the effects of unbalanced voltages on the energy performance of three-phase induction motors. The principal contribution of this paper is that presents a detailed analysis of the influence of positive and negative sequence voltage components and the angle between them on several characteristics such as: line currents, losses, efficiency and power factor under different voltage unbalanced conditions. A three-phase induction motor of 3 HP was used as a case study. The results of the investigation show that the positive sequence voltage must be considered together with the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) or percent voltage unbalance (PVU) index to evaluate the performance of the induction motor. It is also shown that the behavior of the motor load influences on the positive sequence parameters next to the voltage, while in the case of negative sequence only influences the negative sequence voltage.</p>

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El Ouadi, Mohammed Réda, and Abderrahim Hasbi. "Impact of Network Topology on Energy Efficiency in WSN." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 17, no. 09 (September 27, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i09.23089.

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<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst"><span lang="EN-US">Wireless communication network has a significant success in scientific and industrial communities. Due to its various advantages, this technology is considered as a key element in current network architectures. It represents the architecture that allows to group a large number of sensors to collect information about a physical process in different environments. The gathered data is transmitted to base station which communicates the information to the end user.</span></p><p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">Several protocols are proposed for WSNs routing, by considering the limited capacities of sensor nodes according to a specific topology that allows to organize the nodes within the network. However, the performance of each routing protocol mainly depends on the application requirements and its results in terms of the lifetime of WSN and satisfaction of objectives defined.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpLast"><span lang="EN-US">According of the structure of WSN, the routing techniques can be divided in three types hierarchical, location-based flat routing. This paper, present the different routing techniques in WSN, based on the organization of nodes in sensor area. We focus specially to study the three types, cluster-based, chain-based and location-based routing techniques. These techniques will be simulated in order to compared their performances with our protocol Location-Based LEACH (LOC-LEACH).</span></p>

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Lopez-Martin, Antonio, Maria Pilar Garde, Jose M. Algueta-Miguel, Javier Beloso-Legarra, Ramon G. Carvajal, and Jaime Ramirez-Angulo. "Energy-Efficient Amplifiers Based on Quasi-Floating Gate Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073271.

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Energy efficiency is a key requirement in the design of amplifiers for modern wireless applications. The use of quasi-floating gate (QFG) transistors is a very convenient approach to achieve such energy efficiency. We illustrate different QFG circuit design techniques aimed to implement low-voltage, energy-efficient class AB amplifiers. A new super class AB QFG amplifier is presented as a design example, including some of the techniques described. The amplifier has been fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS test chip prototype. Measurement results confirm that low-voltage, ultra-low-power amplifiers can be designed, preserving, at the same time, excellent small-signal and large-signal performance.

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Ma, Wenkui, Ping Ye, Gang Zhao, Xiaoyong Yang, and Jie Wang. "Effect of cooling schemes on performance of MW-class space nuclear closed Brayton cycle." Annals of Nuclear Energy 162 (November 2021): 108485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108485.

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Gurav, Abhijit, Xilin Xu, Jim Magee, Reggie Phillips, and Travis Ashburn. "Class-I and Class-II Ceramic Capacitors for High Temperature Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-tp24.

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There is a growing need for ceramic capacitors for applications at temperatures of 150°C or above, such as electronics for down-hole drilling and exploration, geothermal energy generation and power electronics. Conventional X7R and X8R type ceramic capacitors are designed for applications up to 125°C and 150°C, respectively. At temperatures above 150°C, these types of capacitors typically suffer from degradation of reliability performance and severe reduction in capacitance, especially under DC bias conditions. Recently, a Class-I C0G dielectric has been developed using nickel electrodes for high temperature application up to 200°C and beyond. Due to its linear dielectric nature, this material exhibits highly stable capacitance as a function of temperature and voltage. Multi-layer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC) made from this material can be qualified as X9G with robust reliability. We have also developed a modified-X7R dielectric composition with nickel internal electrodes to design robust reliability in this Class-II dielectric at 175°C. This paper will report electrical properties and reliability test data on these Class-I C0G and Class-II ceramic capacitors at high temperatures of 150–200°C and above.

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Vasilenko, O., O. Shkrehal, O. Kletska, A. Onyshchenko, and S. Voznenko. "Carrying Out Energy Audits to Determine Measures to Save Energy Resources." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19827.

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It is important for a modern consumer of thermal energy to know and be able to reduce the consumption of thermal energy, for which purpose an energy audit should be conducted. Today, three types of energy audit of residential buildings are used in Ukraine. The first one is development of the energy performance certificate of the building. The obtained energy performance certificate will give an idea of the level of thermal losses of the building and identify the main areas where measures to reduce the consumption of energy resources should be taken. The second method involves carrying out experimental studies to determine the class of air permeability of enclosing structures, which also makes it possible to assess the level of heat losses of the building and the condition of the ventilation system of the building. The third type of energy audit involves carrying out thermal imaging of the building envelope for the subsequent analysis of infrared images. A methodological approach has been developed for processing multiple infrared images. An energy inspection of a residential house has been conducted on the basis of which an energy performance certificate was compiled. The premises of the residential building have been tested for air permeability. Considering the main types of energy audit, its advantages and disadvantages have been determined both for the consumer and for the employees who conduct the audit.

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Sun, Hao, Lan Chen, Xiaoran Hao, Chenji Liu, and Mao Ni. "An Energy-Efficient and Fast Scheme for Hybrid Storage Class Memory in an AIoT Terminal System." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9061013.

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Conventional main memory can no longer meet the requirements of low energy consumption and massive data storage in an artificial intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) system. Moreover, the efficiency is decreased due to the swapping of data between the main memory and storage. This paper presents a hybrid storage class memory system to reduce the energy consumption and optimize IO performance. Phase change memory (PCM) brings the advantages of low static power and a large capacity to a hybrid memory system. In order to avoid the impact of poor write performance in PCM, a migration scheme implemented in the memory controller is proposed. By counting the write times and row buffer miss times in PCM simultaneously, the write-intensive data can be selected and migrated from PCM to dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) efficiently, which improves the performance of hybrid storage class memory. In addition, a fast mode with a tmpfs-based, in-memory file system is applied to hybrid storage class memory to reduce the number of data movements between memory and external storage. Experimental results show that the proposed system can reduce energy consumption by 46.2% on average compared with the traditional DRAM-only system. The fast mode increases the IO performance of the system by more than 30 times compared with the common ext3 file system.

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최경식, 박신열, 조병학, and 양동순. "Development and Performance Test of Hydraulic PTO for 50kW Class Rotating Body Type Wave Energy Converter." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 13, no. 3 (September 2011): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.13.3.201109.99.

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HEO, MAN-WOONG, DONG-HWAN KIM, and JIN-SOON PARK. "Investigation on Performance Characteristics of Dual Vertical Axis Turbine of 100 kW Class Tidal Energy Convertor." Transctions of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7316/khnes.2020.31.1.151.

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Furgal, David T., and Charles M. Craft. "Performance assessment of Class 1E pressure transmitters subjected to environmental stresses." Nuclear Engineering and Design 89, no. 1 (November 1985): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(85)90143-8.

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Zaman, Noor, Low Tang Jung, and Muhammad Mehboob Yasin. "Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Network through the Design of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9278701.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is known to be a highly resource constrained class of network where energy consumption is one of the prime concerns. In this research, a cross layer design methodology was adopted to design an energy efficient routing protocol entitled “Position Responsive Routing Protocol” (PRRP). PRRP is designed to minimize energy consumed in each node by (1) reducing the amount of time in which a sensor node is in an idle listening state and (2) reducing the average communication distance over the network. The performance of the proposed PRRP was critically evaluated in the context of network lifetime, throughput, and energy consumption of the network per individual basis and per data packet basis. The research results were analyzed and benchmarked against the well-known LEACH and CELRP protocols. The outcomes show a significant improvement in the WSN in terms of energy efficiency and the overall performance of WSN.

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Park, Jin Wook, Wonjoo Na, and Jyongsik Jang. "Hierarchical core/shell Janus-type α-Fe2O3/PEDOT nanoparticles for high performance flexible energy storage devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 21 (2016): 8263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta01369d.

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A new class of hierarchical α-Fe₂O₃/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) core/shell Janus-type hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) was successfully synthesized using sonochemical, liquid–liquid diffusion-assisted crystallization, and vapor deposition polymerization methods.

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Soedibya, Petrus Hary Tjahja, Taufik Budhi Pramono, and Emyliana Listiowati. "Growth performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in biofloc system at high stocking density." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.244-252.

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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><em> </em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This study was aimed to analyze the growth performance of African catfish <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> cultured in the biofloc system at high stocking density. African catfish with an average weight of 1.85±0.09 g were cultured in four units of tarpaulin tank at a diameter of 1.72 m and a height of 1.05 m with a volume of ±2,000 L at the different density of 1,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>. During rearing period, fish were given the artificial feed with protein contents of 28.75% with the frequency of twice a day, as much as 3% of the body weight. The results showed that different treatment of high stocking density in the biofloc system had a significant effect on the absolute growth rate, lipid retention and energy retention (P<0.05) but not significant effect on daily growth rate. The results showed that the highest lipid retention and energy retention were found in the group of fish treated at a stocking density of 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup> but declining protein retention and growth in fish occurred. The highest absolute growth rate and daily growth rate were shown by treatment with a stocking density of 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: growth, stocking density, biofloc <em></em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo Clarias gariepinus yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok dengan padat penebaran tinggi. Ikan uji memiliki berat rata-rata 1,85±0,09 g yang dipelihara pada kolam terpolin berdiameter 1,72 m dan tinggi 1,05 m dengan volume air ±2.000 L sebanyak empat unit dengan kepadatan yang berbeda yaitu 1.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. Selama 40 hari masa pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 28,75% dengan frekwensi dua kali sehari, sebanyak 3% dari berat tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan padat penebaran tinggi pada sistem bioflok memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, retensi lemak dan retensi energi (P<0,05) namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertmbuhan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi padat penebaran terjadinya peningkatan retensi lemak dan retensi energi yaitu pada perlakuan padat penebaran 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup> tetapi terjadi penurunan nilai retensi protein dan pertumbuhan pada ikan. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan dengan padat penebaran 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, padat tebar, bioflok</p>

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45

Soedibya, Petrus Hary Tjahja, Taufik Budhi Pramono, and Emyliana Listiowati. "Growth performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in biofloc system at high stocking density." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.16.2.255-263.

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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><em> </em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This study was aimed to analyze the growth performance of African catfish <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> cultured in the biofloc system at high stocking density. African catfish with an average weight of 1.85±0.09 g were cultured in four units of tarpaulin tank at a diameter of 1.72 m and a height of 1.05 m with a volume of ±2,000 L at the different density of 1,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,000 fish/m<sup>3</sup>; 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>. During rearing period, fish were given the artificial feed with protein contents of 28.75% with the frequency of twice a day, as much as 3% of the body weight. The results showed that different treatment of high stocking density in the biofloc system had a significant effect on the absolute growth rate, lipid retention and energy retention (P<0.05) but not significant effect on daily growth rate. The results showed that the highest lipid retention and energy retention were found in the group of fish treated at a stocking density of 2,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup> but declining protein retention and growth in fish occurred. The highest absolute growth rate and daily growth rate were shown by treatment with a stocking density of 1,500 fish/m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: growth, stocking density, biofloc <em></em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo Clarias gariepinus yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok dengan padat penebaran tinggi. Ikan uji memiliki berat rata-rata 1,85±0,09 g yang dipelihara pada kolam terpolin berdiameter 1,72 m dan tinggi 1,05 m dengan volume air ±2.000 L sebanyak empat unit dengan kepadatan yang berbeda yaitu 1.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.000 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>, 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. Selama 40 hari masa pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 28,75% dengan frekwensi dua kali sehari, sebanyak 3% dari berat tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan padat penebaran tinggi pada sistem bioflok memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, retensi lemak dan retensi energi (P<0,05) namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertmbuhan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi padat penebaran terjadinya peningkatan retensi lemak dan retensi energi yaitu pada perlakuan padat penebaran 2.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup> tetapi terjadi penurunan nilai retensi protein dan pertumbuhan pada ikan. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan dengan padat penebaran 1.500 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, padat tebar, bioflok</p>

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Solomashkin, A. A., M. N. Kostomakhin, and K. G. Sovin. "The technical condition of the machine, its serviceability and performance." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2010-06.

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Two main functions of the machine are given, consumer and technical. The application of the law of conservation of energy in describing the energy balance of a machine element is shown. An extended concept of the technical condition is given in relation to the machine, the parameters of the technical condition are substantiated. The relationships between the technical condition and serviceability and serviceability, as well as the relationship between the serviceability of a machine element and its efficiency, have been determined. The possibility of representing a technical state in the form of a «Class» in object-oriented programming is revealed.

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Kwiatkowski, Jerzy, and Joanna Rucińska. "Estimation of Energy Efficiency Class Limits for Multi-Family Residential Buildings in Poland." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236234.

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The need to achieve energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission decreases within the building sector requires the implementation of a supportive legal framework. To fulfil this requirement, a building certification system must be developed that is easily understandable for end users. In Poland, assessments of the energy performance of buildings are based on primary energy indicator verification. However, this parameter is difficult to understand for building owners or for tenants. Therefore, in this study, energy efficiency class limits and a heating indicator for energy needs indicator have been estimated for multi-family buildings in Poland. To achieve this purpose, a reference building was used and 180 calculation variants were developed, which considered the following variables: 3 types of climate data, 4 values of building shape ratios, 3 types of ventilation, 3 thermal transmittance standards and 3 windows area ratios to the external wall. The results showed that the greatest influences on the need for energy used for heating were the type of ventilation used and the local climate. This study shows that the methodology used is adequate for energy efficiency class limits estimations involving multi-family buildings in Poland.

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Keskin Arabul, Fatma, Ibrahim Senol, and Yasemin Oner. "Performance Analysis of Axial-Flux Induction Motor with Skewed Rotor." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 4991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13194991.

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In recent years, with developing technology in the field of electrical machines, more efficient and high power density electric motors have been produced. The use of high energy efficiency motors gains importance due to the increase in global energy demand. The main purpose of this study was to design an Axial Flux Induction Motor (AFIM) with the same efficiency class as the Radial Flux Induction Motor (RFIM) in premium efficiency (IE3) class which is used commonly in industrial applications. Various AFIMs are designed with different rotor slot numbers and performance analyses as efficiency and torque ripple changes are investigated. It is known that torque ripple is one of the key parameters in electrical machine design which should be kept as low as possible without decreasing efficiency and torque. Accordingly, AFIMs’ rotor slots are skewed considering the stator and rotor slot numbers. The use of a Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) material in design is also investigated. As a result of the analyses, many premium efficiency classes for AFIMs are obtained. In addition, using SMC material and skewing the rotor slots provides that torque ripples be reduced.

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Wakimoto, Takayuki, Hiroyuki Shimizu, and Masaru Ishii. "Performance Evaluation of National Standard Class Measurement System for Lightning Impulse Voltage." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 127, no. 1 (2007): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.127.314.

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Vatin, Nikolai, Mikhail Petrichenko, Darya Nemova, Anastasiia Staritcyna, and Darya Tarasova. "Renovation of Educational Buildings to Increase Energy Efficiency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.1023.

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The article presents results of energy inspection of an educational building “Hydrotechnical building-2” of the Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University. The energy audit was carried out to estimate energy resources performance and define opportunities for its increase. According to the results of energy audit the analyses of state of energy consumption are provided. The class of energy efficiency is defined. The recommendations and prospective opportunities to save energy and increase power efficiency of “Gidrokorpus-2” are presented as a resume of this article.

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