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1
Nationalismus oder Internationalismus?: Arbeiterschaft und nationale Frage ; mit besonderer Berucksichtigung Kärntens 1918-1934. Klagenfurt: Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, 2000.
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2
Wharton, Edith. The age of innocence: The house of mirth ; Ethan Frome. London: Chancellor, 1994.
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3
Tom, Badgett, ed. Ultimate unauthorized Nintendo game strategies: Winning Strategies for 100 Top Games. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.
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4
Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.
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5
Sepowski, Stephen J., ed. The Ultimate Hint Book. Old Saybrook, CT: The Ultimate Game Club Ltd., 1991.
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8
SAS Institute. Sas/Af Software: Frame Class Dictionary, Version 6. SAS Institute,, 1995.
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Institute, SAS, ed. SAS/AF software: FRAME class dictionary, version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1995.
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10
Moodie, Deonnie. Resisting Middle-Class Modernizing Projects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885267.003.0005.
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Middle-class modernizers frame their projects at Kālīghāṭ as being in the best interests of the Hindu public in Kolkata. However, so many who frequently worship at the temple or who live and work on temple grounds do not share the desire to transform the temple so that it represents Indian modernity. Lower-class men and women are successful in resisting modernizing projects because they employ tactics that make state control difficult or impossible. These include protests, the formation of political organizations, as well as obstinacy and deception. This chapter demonstrates that while middle-class actors may use the tools of civil society to gain state support for their projects, they are not guaranteed success. Even informal and non-legal tools of what Partha Chatterjee calls “political society” are effective in blocking the enactment of modernizing projects.
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Oskarson, Maria. The Never-Ending Story of Class Voting in Sweden. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.13.
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This chapter presents a broad description of the development of class voting in Sweden. The aim of the study goes beyond simple description, however, in that it presents and applies a wider frame for understanding the development of the relationship between class position and party choice. The chapter begins with a reflection on the theoretical basis for class voting as representing the relation between a social and a political cleavage. It then examines developments in voting patterns in constituencies of different social and political composition and as an expression of class identification, and concludes that the class cleavage is still a viable characteristic of the Swedish political system.
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Block, David. Inequality and Class in Language Policy and Planning. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.9.
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In recent years, critical language policy and planning (LPP) researchers have increasingly turned to political economy as a source discipline, and neoliberalism has come to be a baseline concept. Nevertheless, political economy in LPP research is often underdeveloped; neoliberalism remains ill-defined and under-theorised; and inequality and class are virtually erased from analysis. This chapter elaborates on the value of these concepts for LPP research. It begins with a brief discussion of LPP and then discusses political economy as a field of inquiry, neoliberalism as a master frame for a growing body of LPP research, and finally, inequality and class as key constructs for understanding the effects of neoliberalism on contemporary societies. This theoretical background is followed by a section examining how inequality and class have emerged as constructs in recent LPP research, and the chapter closes with considerations about further research.
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Pollack, Harriet, ed. New Essays on Eudora Welty, Class, and Race. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826145.001.0001.
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Responding to work begun in the 2013 collection Eudora Welty, Whiteness, and Race that mined and deciphered the complexity of her responses to the Jim Crow South, the thirteen diverse voices of New Essays on Eudora Welty, Class, and Race deepen, reflect on, and respond to those seminal discussions. These essays freshly consider such topics as Welty’s treatment of African-American signifying in her short stories, and her attention to public street performances interacting with Jim Crow rules in her unpublished photographs. They consider her strategic adaptations of Gothic plots, black pastoral, civil war stories, haunted houses, and film noir. They frame Welty’s work with such subjects as Bob Dylan’s songwriting, the idea and history of the orphan in American, and standup comedy. They compare her handling of whiteness and race to that of other contemporary authors such as William Faulkner, Richard Wright, Toni Morrison, Chester Himes, and Alice Walker. Additionally, several discussions bring her master-work The Golden Apples and her novel Losing Battles, under-represented in the earlier conversation, into new focus. The collection as a whole will help us to understand more clearly Welty’s artistic commentary on her time and place as well as the way her vision developed in a timespan moving America towards increased social awareness. Moreover, as a group, these essays provide insight into Welty as an innovative craftswoman and modernist technician, successfully altering literary form with her frequent pointed makeovers of familiar story patterns, plots, and genres. Together they show her as a remarkable writer idiosyncratically engaging and confidently altering literary history.
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Gandy, Oscar H. Framing Inequality in Public Policy Discourse. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.019.
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This essay explores a variety of ways that the problem of inequality has been framed in the context of national policy debates in the United States. Following an introduction to the notion of inequality as a social problem, the chapter provides a brief review of how framing has been examined as a communications process and a strategic resource. The framing of inequality as a focus of public policy debates is described in relation to a selection of issues that include health disparities, racial inequality, and the digital divide. An additional assessment is made of the use of comparative risk as a framework for highlighting differences between groups defined by race, ethnicity and social class. The framing of environmental risks is examined in relation to a social justice frame. The author concludes with a discussion of constraints on the use of particular frames within debates about economic social policy.
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Guizardi, Menara, and Silvina Merenson. Indians, Blacks and Morochos: Trajectories, Intersectionalities, and Class Frictions in a Neighborhood of Buenos Aires. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute for the Study of the Americas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9781469666457_guizardi.
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This book addresses the relationships between stratification and social mobilities in Argentina today, using an ethnographic study on class relations in the San Telmo neighborhood (located in the country’s capital, Buenos Aires). Relying on the extended case method, we narrate Ramiro’s life history. He is a worker who has lived in the neighborhood for forty years, striving to carve out his career through a network of micro- and macrosocial relationships that frame his daily conflicts. We start by synthesizing the debates on class internationally and in Argentina, establishing the study’s initial theoretical frameworks, and describing the methodology used. We then reconstruct Ramiro’s life, starting from his experiences in his home province of Tucumán and narrating his migration to and arrival in Buenos Aires, his settling in San Telmo, his labor insertion, and the class conflicts that he currently experiences. We conclude by presenting a tentative anthropological conceptualization of class.
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Evans, Bethan, and Charlotte Cooper. Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0012.
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Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.
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Struthers, David M. The World in a City. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.001.0001.
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This book examines interracial labor and radical organizing in Los Angeles, California, and the United States/Mexico borderlands between 1900 and 1930. Domestic and transnational migration to Los Angeles—including from Europe, Asia, and Mexico—created one of the most racially diverse regions in the United States. Uneven regional economic development drove continued labor mobility for many working-class residents. The book documents a thread of working-class culture in which interracial solidarities formed to oppose capitalism, racism, and often the state itself. These solidarities flourished most frequently among workers with the most precarious employment and living situations, fueled by the ideals advanced in anarchism, socialist internationalism, the syndicalism of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM). This book uses the anarchist notion of affinity to frame its understanding of interracial organizing as the mobility of workers often made coalitions and solidarities short lived. Affinity frames the individual cooperative actions that shaped the social practices of resistance often too unstructured or episodic for historians to capture. This approach maintains focus on the continuity of organizing practices while tracing changing solidarities, associations, and organizations that formed and dissolved through struggle, repression, and factionalism. The radical practices that germinated in and near Los Angeles produced some of the broadest examples of interracial cooperation in U.S. history.
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Irani, Lilly. Chasing Innovation. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175140.001.0001.
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Can entrepreneurs develop a nation, serve the poor, and pursue creative freedom, all while generating economic value? This book shows the contradictions that arise as designers, engineers, and businesspeople frame development and governance as opportunities to innovate. The book documents the rise of “entrepreneurial citizenship” in India over the past seventy years, demonstrating how a global ethos of development through design has come to shape state policy, economic investment, and the middle class in one of the world's fastest-growing nations. The book chronicles the practices and mindsets that hold up professional design as the answer to the challenges of a country of more than one billion people, most of whom are poor. While discussions of entrepreneurial citizenship promise that Indian children can grow up to lead a nation aspiring to uplift the poor, in reality, social, economic, and political structures constrain whose enterprise, which hopes, and which needs can be seen as worthy of investment. In the process, the book warns, powerful investors, philanthropies, and companies exploit citizens' social relations, empathy, and political hope in the quest to generate economic value. The book argues that the move to recast social change as innovation, with innovators as heroes, frames others—craftspeople, workers, and activists—as of lower value, or even dangers to entrepreneurial forms of development. The book lays bare how long-standing power hierarchies such as class, caste, language, and colonialism continue to shape opportunity in a world where good ideas supposedly rule all.
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Wellings, Ben, and Shanti Sumartojo, eds. Commemorating Race and Empire in the First World War Centenary. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786940889.001.0001.
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First World War commemoration in Europe has been framed as a moment of national trial and as a collective European tragedy. But the ‘Great War for Civilisation’ was more than just a European conflict. It was a global clash of empires that began a process of agitation against imperialism in Asia, Africa and beyond. Despite the global context of the Centenary, commemorative events remain framed by national and state imaginaries in which ideas about race and imperialism that animated and dominated men and women during the Great War sit uncomfortably with today’s official sensibilities. By employing multidisciplinary frames of analysis, including new Belgian and Mandarin sources translated into English, this exciting and innovative volume explores how memory of race and empire were commemorated and obscured during the First World War Centenary.
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Llano, Samuel. The Persecution of Organilleros. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0009.
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This chapter provides an account of how, from the 1860s on, organilleros challenged some of the foundations of a middle-class lifestyle in Madrid, including comfort and aural hygiene. For that reason, city authorities intensified the legal and police persecution of these musicians toward the end of the nineteenth century. In 1889, the media orchestrated a campaign against organilleros in which they were accused of committing a crime that was never verified. This frame-up mobilized public opinion against organilleros and paved the way for the string of legal measures that targeted them from the 1890s on. While not all the media and residents in Madrid agreed that this persecution was fair, most of them celebrated it for bringing peace to Madrid, an attitude that illustrates how comfort prevailed over social justice.
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1948-, Konrad Helmut, ed. Arbeiterbewegung und Nationale Frage in den Nachfolgestaaten der Habsburgermonarchie. Wien: Europaverlag, 1993.
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22
Chhibber, Pradeep K., and Rahul Verma. State Formation and Ideological Conflict in Multiethnic Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.003.0002.
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The standard narrative of what defines an ideological conflict for electoral politics is not applicable to multiethnic countries like India. We develop two alternative ideological scales, the politics of statism and the politics of recognition, which we argue frame the Indian party system. Debates around class conflict, and about divisions between church and state, cities and rural areas, and the center and the periphery, were less central to the formation of the Indian state than were the state’s role in development and its efforts to accommodate marginalized groups. An ideological divide should not merely be the province of a political elite but should also be stable over time—it must be found in partisan differences across decades and there must be a mechanism by which the ideas associated with this divide are transmitted from the elite to the voters.
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Brysk, Alison. The Right to Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 concerns denial of women’s right to life . The new frame of “femicide” has dramatically increased attention to gender-based killing in the public and private sphere, and encompasses a spectrum of threats and assaults that culminate in murder. The chapter follows the threats to women’s security through the life cycle, beginning with cases of “gendercide” (sex-selective abortion and infanticide) in India, then moving to honor killings in Turkey and Pakistan. We examine public femicide in Mexico and Central America—with comparison to the disappearance of indigenous women in Canada, as “second-class citizens” in a developed democracy. The chapter continues mapping the panorama of private sphere domestic violence in the semi-liberal gender regimes of China, Russia, Brazil, and the Philippines, along with a range of responses in law, public policy, advocacy, and protest.
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Hoerder, Dirk. European Migrations. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.003.
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The essay begins with the “imperial intrusions” into Native Peoples’ cultural spaces and the eighteenth-century (re-)peopling of the American colonies. It discusses the caesura and new patterns from the Revolution to industrialization. It emphasizes migrant agency and decision-making in the frame of Europe’s societies-economies of origin. The arriving, fully socialized men and women form ethnocultural groups with fuzzy borders and acculturate according to gender and class but face racialization, demands for Anglo-conformity, and “melting pot”–discourses. It is argued that they form a “transnational America.” The policy of “closed doors,” the Great Depression, and World War I and II (1917–1945) disrupt the Atlantic migration system. After a brief resurgence of immigration of “displaced persons” from Europe, the system ends in the mid-1950s. Continuing migratory connections do not assume the proportion of a migration system. In conclusion, the scholarship on European immigrants is critically evaluated.
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Rizzo, Matteo. ‘Life is War’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0003.
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This chapter has two goals. First, it unpacks the private sector, asking who owns what in the bus public transport sector to reveal the significance of socio-economic differentiation and class. Drawing on grey literature, a labour relations questionnaire, newspapers, and interviews with bus owners and workers, the chapter shows that informal and highly precarious wage employment relationships are central to understanding why private buses operate as they do. The second goal is to question the claim that informal wage employment hardly exists. The categories and terms with which workers describe their employment situation are contrasted with those used to frame the questions in the 2006 Labour Force Survey. The analysis scrutinizes how key employment concepts and terms have been translated from English, and how the translation biases respondents’ answers towards ‘self-employment’, thus contributing to the invisibility of wage labour in statistics on employment in the informal economy.
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Wilson, Eli Revelle Yano. Front of the House, Back of the House. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479800612.001.0001.
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In restaurants, why do all the white people work in the front and the brown people in the back? What keeps these workers apart, consigned to highly unequal types of jobs? Drawing on six years of ethnographic research within three Los Angeles–based restaurants, Wilson details how managers and workers jointly divide service workplaces by race, class, and gender. While managers frame social inequality through discriminatory hiring and supervisory policies that grant educated whites access to the most desirable positions and relegate foreign-born Latino men with low levels of education to the marginal jobs, interactions between members of each group end up sealing distinct "worlds of work" off from one another. While these processes bind the most vulnerable Latinx workers to low-level service jobs, it can also foster unexpected opportunities for others. Through Wilson's extensive behind-the-scenes research, we learn how what happens in everyday service establishments exacerbates but also gives new dimension to social inequalities in our society at large.
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Boutique-Sha. Purse Clasp Book: Sew 14 Adorable Coin Purses and Bags with Metal Frames. Zakka Workshop, 2017.
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28
Klein, Herbert S. The African American Experience in Comparative Perspective. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036637.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the comparative differences and similarities between slave regimes in the Americas and how those differences influenced the post-manumission integration of Africans. In particular, it considers some of the methods and questions that animated the comparative slavery school as well as the implications of junking the comparative model. The chapter first highlights the social, economic, and political consequences of differences among slave regimes in the Americas for African Americans before proposing a research agenda for fourth-wave scholars that expands the scope of analysis of Afro-Latin America beyond the frame of slavery to include fuller explications of free black life. Several areas worth investigating are discussed, including the economic role of slaves and the human capital they accumulated under slavery; the rate and importance of manumission as well as the legal and effective support given to it by the slave-owning elite; the role of the free colored class well before final slave emancipation; and the attitude of elite toward slavery, slaves, and free blacks.
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Knapp, Courtney Elizabeth. Constructing the Dynamo of Dixie. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637273.001.0001.
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What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of gentrification and culture-based development in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by tracing the roots of racism, spatial segregation, and mainstream “cosmopolitanism” back to the earliest encounters between the Cherokee, African Americans, and white settlers. For more than three centuries, Chattanooga has been a site for multiracial interaction and community building; yet today public leaders have simultaneously restricted and appropriated many contributions of working-class communities of color within the city, exacerbating inequality and distrust between neighbors and public officials. Knapp suggests that “diasporic placemaking”—defined as the everyday practices through which uprooted people create new communities of security and belonging—is a useful analytical frame for understanding how multiracial interactions drive planning and urban development in diverse cities over time. By weaving together archival, ethnographic, and participatory action research techniques, she reveals the political complexities of a city characterized by centuries of ordinary resistance to racial segregation and uneven geographic development.
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Geier, Ted. Post-meat. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424714.003.0005.
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Briefly reiterates the durability of the nonhuman condition, across a vast literary, civic, legal, and cultural history of production and consumption. Frames the ironies of rights and improvement movements against a broader critique of class and authority. A dazzling, inarticulate coexistence attends such organizing logics.
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Olkin, Rhoda. Teaching Disability. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850661.001.0001.
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Disability is a part of diversity, yet there are few resources for instructors, students, and professionals to use to learn about disability. In this practical book, Teaching Disability as Part of Diversity, 34 activities are provided. Activities can be done in class, as homework, as group activities, or independently. The activities, which comprise the majority of the book, are graduated from beginning level through more advanced levels. For each activity, there are learning objectives, a list of materials needed, an estimate of the time frame to complete the activity, possible outcomes and talking points, a grading rubric, any needed handouts, and suggested additional reading. Written by an insider to the disability community, there is a nonpathology focus on disability as part of diversity rather than a deficit. Many activities are designed to highlight barriers and psychosocial impediments that hamper people with disabilities. The first chapter helps instructors who are new to teaching disability. The second chapter discusses research on changing extrinsic and intrinsic bias toward people with disabilities and is provided as a background for the activities. No simulation activities are included, as is the explanation for why these are omitted. A final chapter includes six measures to assess knowledge and skills.
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The World Market for Padlocks, Locks, Clasps, Frames with Clasps and Locks, and Keys Made of Base Metal: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Padlocks, Locks, Clasps, Frames with Clasps and Locks, and Keys Made of Base Metal: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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Van Vleet, Krista E. Hierarchies of Care. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042782.001.0001.
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This book explores how young women navigate everyday moral dilemmas, develop understandings of self, and negotiate hierarchies of power, as they endeavor to “make life better” for themselves and their children. The ethnography is based on sixteen months of qualitative research (2009-2010, 2013, 2014) in an international NGO-run residence for young mothers and their children in the highland Andean region of Cusco, Peru. Drawing on feminist intersectionality theory, anthropological scholarship on reproduction and relatedness, and perspectives on the dialogical, or joint, production of social life and experience, this ethnography enriches understandings of ordinary life as the site of moral experience, and positions young women’s everyday practices, subjectivities, and hopes for the future at the story’s center. These mostly poor and working-class indigenous and mestiza girls care for their children and are positioned simultaneously as youth in need of care. As they seek to create a “good life” and future for themselves, these young women frame themselves as moral and modern individuals. Bringing attention to various dimensions of caring for, and caring by, young women illuminates broad social and political economic processes (deeply rooted gender inequalities, systemic racism, global humanitarianism) that shape their experiences and aspirations for the future. Tracing the micro-politics, everyday talk, and creative expression illuminates the dynamic processes through which individuals develop complex and changing senses of self, sociality, and morality.
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Martin, Christopher. No Longer Newsworthy. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501735257.001.0001.
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Workers in the U.S. have been increasingly invisible since the late 1960s, as the news media shifted their focus to upscale audiences and lost sight of the American working class. This bookcharts the decline of labor reporting and the shift in worker news narratives from a labor-based to a consumer-based perspective during the twentieth century. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, most American newspapers became part of large, publicly traded media companies and refocused their target market from a mass audience to upscale readership. America’s white working class, a segment of the broader working class cut adrift from mainstream journalism, eventually found the rising conservative media – right-wing newspapers, Christian television, vitriolic talk radio, Fox News, and later a host of conservative web sites that specialize in stoking white, working class grievances. The newspaper industry’s upscale turn resulted in a momentous fallout: the decline of labor reporting, changing narratives about workers, the popular deployment of frames tagging labor unions and pro-worker policies as “job killers,” the loss of political voice for the working class, the rise of conservative media, and the conditions for a Donald Trump presidency.
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Zaleski, Kristen, Annalisa Enrile, Eugenia L. Weiss, and Xiying Wang, eds. Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.001.0001.
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This book presents a transnational feminist view of international actions combatting patriarchal attitudes and policies that shape gender-oppressive cultural practices. How these elements take form in the modern era and responses to them are the heart of this text. Each chapter compels readers to more closely examine contemporary violence and oppression against women and girls throughout the world within a contextual framework and the actions women are taking to change the world. The contributing authors are scholars, but they are also practitioners—experts and activists in their fields who speak to the feminist global and local issues, policies, and practices that exploit women as well as advocacy efforts in each area of the world to ameliorate suffering and promote women’s rights. Fourteen countries across five continents are represented in this compendia. Each chapter begins with a narrative of peril followed by a scholarly overview of the topic and concludes with advocacy efforts with linkages for the reader to be involved in activism toward gender equity. A transnational perspective, which undergirds the theme of the book as an approach that crosses borders, offers a unique and nuanced frame of analysis toward understanding the intersectional issues of gender, race, class, culture, religion, politics, and regional–societal norms that give rise to gender-based violence and inequity. The book discusses ways to promote empowerment to fight injustice and promote equality for women and girls throughout the world as well as in local contexts.
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Smet, Stijn, and Eva Brems, eds. When Human Rights Clash at the European Court of Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795957.001.0001.
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This book aims to answer key questions surrounding (purported) conflicts of human rights at the European Court of Human Rights. Some of these questions concern the very existence of human rights conflicts. Can human rights really conflict with one another? Or should they be interpreted in harmony with one another? Other questions relate to the resolution of genuine human rights conflicts. How should such genuine conflicts be resolved? To what extent is balancing desirable? And which understanding of balancing should be employed? Throughout the book, contributors aim to answer these questions by engaging in concerted debate on both the existence and resolution of human rights conflicts. To increase its practical relevance, the discussion is framed around leading judgments of the European Court. The book ultimately aims to suggests, through the prism of reasonable disagreement, concrete ways forward in the ongoing debate on human rights conflicts at Europe’s human rights court.
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Reese, Ellen, Ian Breckenridge-Jackson, and Julisa McCoy. Maternalist and Community Politics. Edited by Holly J. McCammon, Verta Taylor, Jo Reger, and Rachel L. Einwohner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190204204.013.12.
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This chapter explores the history of maternalist mobilization and women’s community politics in the United States. It argues that both “maternalism” and “community” have proved to be highly flexible mobilizing frames for women. Building on the insights of intersectionality theory, the authors suggest that women’s maternal and community politics is shaped by their social locations within multiple, intersecting relations of domination and subordination, as well as their political ideologies and historical context. The chapter begins by discussing the politically contradictory history of maternalist mobilization within the United States from the Progressive era to the present. It then explores other forms of women’s community politics, focusing on women’s community volunteerism, self-help groups, and community organizing. It discusses how these frames have been used both to build alliances among women and to divide or exclude women based on perceived differences and social inequalities based on race, nativity, class, or sexual orientation.
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Dogliani, Patrizia. Propaganda and Youth. Edited by R. J. B. Bosworth. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199594788.013.0011.
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Throughout its history, Italian fascism emphasized that it was a revolutionary and youthful phenomenon. During its rise from 1919 to 1922, the fascist movement, like its communist competitor, was novel in its appeal to youth. Fascism entailed the rejuvenation of the national political class of Liberal days and fostered a social and economic transformation whereby members of a middle class lacking an ancient inheritance of land and professional qualification could take up the reins of power. Most of the fascist leadership under the dictatorship were men born in the mid-1890s, framed by their experience of the First World War as twenty-year-olds. Fascism similarly could count on support from the next generation, a group who had only just been old enough to join in the last months of battle or who had missed the war altogether and felt frustrated at their loss.
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Hirsch, Donna. Industrialization, Mass Consumption, Post-industrial Society. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0029.
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This article provides an overview of post-industrial German society. how industrialization came across, mass consumption, and how the post-industrial German society fared. Framed by the postwar crisis and early Cold War rivalry, debate about the future of German class society began almost as soon as the war ended. Americans assured despairing Germans that the ‘free market’ would generate prosperity and foster social fairness. Communists promised the hungry masses that expropriation and the nationalization of industry would create social equality and forge economic expansion. After 1949, the two Germanys continued to embody competition between capitalism and communism. The fate of class society in each state always provoked debate, with several points of consensus emerging from a discussion increasingly centered on social and economic data, not crude propaganda. Both societies experienced an attenuation of socially-distinctive life styles. An assessment of the change and continuity in German society between 1945 and 1990 concludes this article.
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Gallo, Ester. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469307.003.0009.
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The conclusion argues for a reconsideration of the place hold by kinship in postcolonial trajectories of social mobility. The reading of present middle-class modernities through the lens of kinship recalling and experiences provides a necessary balance to the ongoing focus on new middle classes as mainly enmeshed in political activism and economic strategies of mobility. The book suggests how, among Nambudiris, the historical move from nationalist engagement towards contemporary liberalization has been accompanied by the questioning of any kinship project based on unproblematic ideas of joint family, caste purity, and intergenerational hierarchies. Alternative ways of conceiving kinship have emerged, based on the idea of collective suffering and sacrifice, as well as on the necessity of territorial, caste, and religious mingling. It suggests how middle-class identities are framed today not only by a nostalgic attachment to an idealized past, but also by a historically-grounded reconsideration of the importance of kinship ruptures in actively participating to global history.
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Posner, Paul W., Viviana Patroni, and Jean François Mayer. Labor Politics in Latin America. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400455.001.0001.
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Labor Politics in Latin America assesses the capacity of working-class organizations to represent and advance working people’s demands in the era of globalization and neoliberalism, in which capital has reasserted its power on a global scale. The book’s premise is that the longer-term sustainability of development strategies for the region is largely connected to the capacity of working-class organizations to secure a fairer distribution of the gains from growth through labor legislation reform. Its analysis suggests the need to take into consideration the wider structural changes that reconfigured the political maps of the countries examined (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela), for example, globalization and its impact on democratic transformation in the region, operating within longer time frames. It is precisely this wider structural analysis and historical narrative that allows the book’s case studies to show that, even in the uncovering of substantial variation, what becomes evident in the study of Latin America over the last three decades is the overwhelming reality that for most workers in the region, labor reform—or the lack thereof —in essence increased precarity and informality and weakened labor movements.
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Prestel, Joseph Ben. Neighborhood of Passion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797562.003.0005.
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A central entertainment district also became the focus of debates about emotions in Cairo. Following the British occupation of Egypt in 1882, newspapers and magazines began to argue that activities in the neighborhood of Azbakiyya, such as alcohol consumption, prostitution, and gambling, destroyed the rationality of Cairo’s middle-class men. According to these accounts, men were at risk of wavering between extreme emotions of anger and love in the entertainment district. This loss of control over their emotions would ultimately lead to dire consequences for entire families and the Egyptian nation at large. The chapter shows that these portrayals were inseparable from the shifting power structures in Cairo. Since many customers, barmaids and pimps came from Western European countries, Azbakiyya was framed as a symptom of the “foreign” domination of Egypt.
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Marx, Ive, and Gerlinde Verbist. Belgium, a Poster Child for Inclusive Growth? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807032.003.0004.
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This chapter sets out the key trends in inequality and in household incomes for Belgium. It teases out why Belgium has been relatively successful, compared with other rich countries, in maintaining reasonable if not dramatic growth in real incomes for the middle, while limiting increases in inequality. The key features which underpin these outcomes are examined in depth. These relate in particular to the wage-setting institutions for individual earnings, the evolution of labour-force participation and employment and what underpins this, and the redistributive structures of the tax and transfer systems and policies implemented in that respect. This analysis brings out the extent to which institutions and policies have been framed to serve the interests of the broadly defined middle class, while a substantial low-income group face particular challenges.
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Jodhka, Surinder S., and Jules Naudet, eds. Mapping the Elite. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199491070.001.0001.
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India is being widely seen as an emerging economic and political power on the global scene. Despite having the largest population of chronically poor in the world today, it is home to a sizeable number of thriving rich and flourishing middle classes. They are reshaping the country’s popular image and its self-imagination. Equally important are its political dynamics. With increasing participation of erstwhile-marginalized sections in the electoral process, the social profile of India’s political elite has been changing, making way for those coming from the middle and lower strata of the traditional social order, thus broadening the social base of political power. Mapping the Elite seeks to expand the understanding of processes of formations and transformations of the Indian elite. The contributors explore the emergent elite spaces, the new idioms of power and inequality, the diverse strategies in which symbolic boundaries of privilege are traced in everyday lives, as well as the class mobilities in an age of proclaimed meritocracy. They do so by using the sociological frames of caste, class, gender, community, and their intersections. Exploring India’s Elite: This series provides a platform to scholars working on elite dynamics in India. It seeks to enable an understanding of the nuances of inequality, power, and other emerging social structures.
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Boréus, Kristina, Anders Neergaard, and Lena Sohl, eds. Ojämlika arbetsplatser. Hierarkier, diskriminering och strategier för jämlikhet. Nordic Academic Press (Kriterium), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21525/kriterium.30.
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In this research anthology, inequality in Swedish working life in a Sweden marked by increased inequality, is studied. Racialised inequality, racism and discrimination in individual workplaces are focused, but inequalities based on class and gender are also studied. The concept of inequality regime is used by several of the authors to analyse work organizations. The workplaces studied are found in different sectors, not least in healthcare. The book also includes contributions that provide comparative international perspectives and studies of the development of inequality over time. The anthology contains 12 chapters based on empirical studies of working life, one chapter that analyses working life inequality from a political theory perspective, an introduction and a closing chapter that frames and draws conclusions from the different studies, as well as an afterword. The authors are 22 researchers from different social science disciplines.
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Strange, Jason G. Shelter from the Machine. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043031.001.0001.
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Drawing upon deep ethnographic fieldwork, and written in lively prose that weaves together story and evidence, the book explores contemporary homesteading in Appalachia as a means of resistance to capitalist modernity. It is framed around two questions: Why are people still pursuing rural subsistence? And why are they often divided into two main groups, known to each other--not always kindly--as “hicks” and “hippies”? These turn out to be urgent questions, considering that the cultural divide between these two groups is one instance of the dangerous and growing schism between “liberal” and “conservative” in the contemporary United States. Because the answer turns upon the distribution of literacy and literate education, these also turn out to be profound questions that cannot be answered without exploring the inner workings of class and capitalism. Thus, the narrative begins by telling the complex and often misunderstood histories of both groups of back-to-the-landers, but turns in the middle chapters to an analysis of the ways in which working-class people are rendered educationally dispossessed through schooling and jobs, as well as discussion of the often devastating consequences of that dispossession. In the final chapter, the book returns to homesteading as a form of resistance, to address the question of whether it provides, as practitioners hope, a measure of shelter from the machine.
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Gagné, Nana Okura. Reworking Japan. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753039.001.0001.
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This book examines how the past several decades of neoliberal economic restructuring and reforms in Japan have reshaped the nation's corporate ideologies, gender ideologies, and subjectivities of individual employees. With Japan's remarkable economic growth since the 1950s, the lifestyles and life courses of “salarymen” came to embody the “New Middle Class” family ideal. As this book demonstrates, however, the nearly three decades of economic stagnation since the bursting of the economic bubble in the early 1990s has tarnished this positive image of salarymen. In a sweeping appraisal of recent history, the book shows how economic restructuring has reshaped Japanese corporations, workers, and ideals, as well as how Japanese companies and employees have responded to such changes. The book explores Japan's fraught and problematic transition from the postwar ideology of “companyism” to the emergent ideology of neoliberalism and the subsequent large-scale economic restructuring. By juxtaposing Japan's economic history with case studies and life stories, the book goes beyond the abstract to explore the human dimension of the neoliberal reforms that have impacted the nation's corporate governance, socioeconomic class, workers' ideals, and gender relations. Reworking Japan, with its first-hand analysis of how the supposedly hegemonic neoliberal regime does not completely transform existing cultural frames and social relations, will shake up preconceived ideas about Japanese men in general and salarymen in particular.
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Chhibber, Pradeep K., and Rahul Verma. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.003.0001.
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Indian party politics is typically characterized as centered around leaders, based on social cleavages, and not ideological. This book challenges those views and asserts that, as in many other parts of the world, a deep ideological divide frames the Indian party system. It claims that the paradigm of state formation based largely on class politics is not entirely applicable to many multiethnic countries in the twentieth century. In more diverse countries, the most important debates center on the extent to which the state should dominate society, regulate social norms, and redistribute private property and on whether and how the state should accommodate the needs of various marginalized groups and protect minority rights from assertive majoritarian tendencies. These two issues—the state’s role in transforming social traditions, and its role as accommodator of various social groups—constitute the dimensions of ideological space as it exists in Indian party politics today.
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Hodgkin, Kate. Autobiographical Writings. Edited by Andrew Hiscock and Helen Wilcox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672806.013.12.
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Emerging out of the traditions of exemplary lives and self-analysis at the beginning of the seventeenth century, the genre of spiritual autobiography writing is fluid and unstable both textually and generically. The individualism that has often been taken to define the autobiographical project is problematized in these accounts, which tend to foreground self-transcendence over self-assertion, collective over individual identities, and exemplarity over uniqueness. The spiritual framework provides a language of self-narrative and self-analysis, structured around affliction and redemption, and privileging inward over outward experiences. As a mode which insists on the truth of experience, it allows marginal selves (including women and lower-class men) a public voice, above all in the gathered churches of the revolutionary decades and after, while also containing those voices within tight conventions. The simultaneous restrictions and liberations of these various frames offer important perspectives on debates about the early modern self.