Relevant bibliographies by topics / Class interests

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Class interests'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Class interests"

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Vratusa, Vera. "Privatization and class interests." Sociologija 58, no. 3 (2016): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1603467v.

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This paper tests the hypothesis that there exists increasing clash between declining support to privatization of remaining state and social property, public services, infrastructure and natural resources among majority of respondents in Serbia, on the one hand, and the policy of imposition of privatization by domestic and international social actors interested in ?finalization? of privatization, on the other. The main method of research is secondary analysis of data pertaining to attitudes of representative samples of respondents in Serbia on private property and privatization gathered during surveys conducted in 1989, 2003. and 2012, in local and global social and historical context of accumulation of capital systemic crisis in global proportions. Research demonstrates that scarcity and insufficient comparability of survey data on attitudes towards private property and privatization, as well as ignoring of scarce findings by the decision making power centers, are socially structured by contradictory class interests of domestic and international social actors. In conclusion the author proposes the construction of a common core of a research instrument for longitudinal, on action oriented comparative research of socializing alternatives to privatization and its destructive effects in all sub-systems of social activity, in both former ?real socialist? as well as in present ?real capitalist? societies.
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Wayne, Mike. "Aesthetics and Class Interests." Third Text 28, no. 2 (2014): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2014.890788.

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Wright, Erik Olin. "Working-Class Power, Capitalist-Class Interests, and Class Compromise." American Journal of Sociology 105, no. 4 (2000): 957–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210397.

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Papadakis, Elim. "Class Interests, Class Politics and Welfare State Regime." British Journal of Sociology 44, no. 2 (1993): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591219.

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Scott, Barbara Ann. "Class interests and academic policy planning∗." New Political Science 6, no. 1 (1985): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393148508429602.

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Kilgore, James. "Mass Incarceration and Working Class Interests." Labor Studies Journal 37, no. 4 (2012): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x13482732.

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Maug, Ernst, and Bilge Yilmaz. "Two-Class Voting: A Mechanism for Conflict Resolution." American Economic Review 92, no. 5 (2002): 1448–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024584.

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We discuss two-class voting procedures where voters are divided into classes and a separate majority is required in each class. Examples include Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings and some political mechanisms. We investigate how voting mechanisms aggregate information dispersed among voters when voters have conflicts of interests as well as different information regarding a proposal. We find that two-class voting provides a significant improvement over one-class voting in all situations where voters have significant conflicts of interests, and where the voters are relatively evenly divided between interest groups. However, two-class voting is inefficient absent conflicts of interests.
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Zalewski, David A. "Financialization, Class Interests, and Karl Polanyi’s Protective Response." Journal of Economic Issues 53, no. 2 (2019): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2019.1594537.

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Kalajdzic, Jasminka. "Self-Interest, Public Interest, and the Interests of the Absent Client: Legal ethics and Class Action Praxis." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 49, no. 1 (2011): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.60082/2817-5069.1071.

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Gough, J. "Workers' Competition, Class Relations, and Space." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 10, no. 3 (1992): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d100265.

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In this paper the nature of workers' support for economic competition between areas is explored, The connection between class relations and competition in space is theorised through a distinction between ‘structure’ and ‘system’ and through a specifically Marxist conception of competition. It is argued that workers' interests in spatial competition are contradictory and thus take diverse forms. These interests are analysed through a development of the capital-labour relation at successive levels of abstraction and in relation to different systems of competition, The role of economic differences between workers in exacerbating competition between them is explored. The class relations of growth coalitions are examined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Class interests"

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Pope, Beverley, and n/a. "Public schooling and private interests : an exploration of the links between state provided secondary schooling and the class interests of professional and professionalizing groups." University of Canberra. Education, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061106.094056.

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This thesis takes as its basic premise the need for more democratic educational structures and practices. By examining the restructuring of public secondary schooling provisions in New South Wales in the period after 1950 it argues that public schools in Australia are not democratic institutions. Rather than being democratic institutions public schools, it is maintained, reflect the private interests of members of so-called "professional and professionalizing groups", or, more precisely, of those with assets in credentials or assets in organization employed within monopoly capitalist enterprises and state enterprises. The employment domain of these groups is characterized by bureaucratic forms of control. The private interests of these groups are class interests in that they pertain to the maintenance of the material interests of those with assets in credentials and assets in organization through the monopoly of special knowledge and skills and reflect the class structure of a society in which monopoly capitalism has become the dominant economic, and, therefore, political and ideological, force. As the above outline suggests, in attempting to address the question of inequality in secondary schooling, marxist theories and categories, most notably those pertaining to class formation and class struggle, are drawn upon. In addition, the thesis maintains that the private interests of those with assets in credentials or assets in organization are "naturalized" in and through the ideology of individualism and of meritocracy. By examining the actual way in which the labour force was being restructured in the post-war period the thesis provides one avenue of critique of these constructions and attempts to demonstrate the limits of equality of opportunity in a class-based society.
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Flynn, Andrew. "Rural working class interests in party policy-making in post-war England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324173.

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Campos, Ramírez Raúl, Castillo Manuel Cruz, and Arismendi Jesús Francisco Cornejo. "Why did I bring you over?!: Looking for a more sheltering regulation of diffuse interests." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123730.

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On this paper, the authors reflect over the article 82 of the Peruvian Procedural Law. that way, they debate over the defense of diffuse interests, specifically who are entitled to and how to reclaim them. then, they compare Peruvian law with other south American countries like uruguay and Brasil. Finally, they consider which would be the most adequate regulation for our society.<br>En el presente artículo, los autores reflexionan sobre el artículo 82 del Código Procesal Civil Peruano. Así, debaten sobre la defensa de los intereses difusos, su patrocinio y quienes se pueden reclamarlos. Continúan comparando la legislación peruana con la de otros países sudamericanos como Uruguay y Brasil; y finalmente, analizan cuál sería la regulación más idónea en nuestra sociedad.
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Neder, Paulo Braga. "A execução residual na tutela dos interesses individuais homogêneos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-16052016-161219/.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da execução residual na tutela dos interesses individuais homogêneos e as questões procedimentais que envolvem o instituto no direito processual brasileiro. Foram abordados aspectos relativos aos fundamentos do instituto no direito brasileiro, os requisitos para sua aplicação e o procedimento para a restituição da indenização devida aos indivíduos nos casos em que esta se faz necessária.<br>This paper aims to study the fluid recovery in the protection of homogeneous individual interests in Brazilian Law and the procedural issues surrounding the institute. The paper approached aspects related to the fundamentals of the institute in Brazilian law, the requirements for their application and the procedure for due compensation for individuals in cases where this is necessary.
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Wang, Xinsong. "Rights Consciousness, Economic Interests, and the 2003 District-Level People’s Congress Elections in China: Middle Class Motivations and Democratic Implications." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/1.

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This thesis examines the motivations of the Chinese middle class members to run for District-level people’s congress (DPC) elections in Shenzhen and Beijing in 2003. It is interested in exploring why the middle class members wanted to run for the DPC positions that do not have real political power in China, and how their behavior can influence political change in China. By systematically analyzing the candidates’ campaign speeches and activities, this study reveals that the major motivating factors behind the middle class candidates’ decision to run for the elections were to protect their property interests and their increasing desire to defend political rights. This thesis argues that the campaigners’ actions in Shenzhen and Beijing will affect the democratization process in China.
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Rish, Ryan M. "Engaging Adolescents' Interests, Literacy Practices, and Identities: Digital Collaborative Writing of Fantasy Fiction in a High School English Elective Class." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316521200.

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Lee, Kit-lai Jemima. "Social class and career aspirations : a study of F.5 students in two schools in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14778518.

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Wang, Xinsong. "Rights consciousness, economic interests, and the 2003 district-level People's Congress elections In China middle class motivations and democratic implications /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04142005-165152/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.<br>1 electronic text (58 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Kim Reimann, committee chair; Michael Herb , William Downs, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 3, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-58).
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Hellström, Måns. "Class Struggle or Capitalist interests? : The Driving Forces of Active Labor Market Policy and the Expansion of the Welfare State." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274627.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes of welfare state expansion, specifically the causes of welfare state expenditure of active labor market policy (ALMP). ALMP aims at reducing unemployment and increasing participation in the labor market. The field of political economy has long asked the question of why certain welfare states are characterized by generous social policy, while others are not. Several theories have been presented over the years, each providing new perspectives. The two theories that could be considered to be the most prominent are the Power Resource Theory, which centers on the importance of power resources of major classes, and the Varieties of Capitalism, which is more focused on the different needs of capitalists.The specific interest of this paper is the varying orientations of ALMP. It is argued that ALMP should not be understood as a homogenous concept, but instead as a category of policy which consists of a range of tools from which a government can choose. Analyzing the expenditure of these tools separately is thus of great importance for the development of a deeper understanding of the welfare state.Using regression analysis, I analyze which of the theories mentioned above is most strongly correlated to increased expenditure of ALMP. I use a total expenditure of ALMP, as is customary within the field, but I also include two other measures for specific tools of ALMP; incentive reinforcement programs and training programs.The results indicate that when looking at the total expenditure of ALMP the VoC approach appears to better explain the cause of welfare state expenditure. However, when including the measures for the specific tools of ALMP, the classic notion of VoC is confirmed only regarding incentive reinforcement programs, and contradicted regarding training programs. Moreover, the classic notion of PRT is confirmed regarding the expenditure of training programs, albeit with quite limited evidence. Also, the classic notion within PRT finds little support in the analysis of total expenditure of ALMP and the expenditure of incentive reinforcement programs. Only making a distinction between large and small welfare states is thus argued to be a simplification. Welfare states with similar levels of social expenditure might in fact differ significantly regarding actual policy preference.It is concluded that the continued disaggregation of ALMP is necessary in order to further the research field. Acknowledging the highly heterogeneous nature of ALMP is essential when understanding its expenditure.
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Çiçek, Cuma. "Interaction of nation, religion and class : building Kurdish consensus in Turkey." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0010.

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Dans cette recherche, on analyse la question à savoir « comment les trois principaux types de groupes kurdes -nationale, religieuse et économique- coopèrent pour établir un consensus sur un objectif commun : une région politique kurde en Turquie ». En suivant la théorie du constructivisme, le modèle des Trois I, la sociologie de l'organisation et de la sociologie de l'action collective sont articulé pour examiner l'action collective kurde, qui est constamment reconstruite dans un contexte historiquement construit, qui est aussi constamment reconstruit par les dynamiques aux niveaux nationaux, transnationaux (géopolitiques), européens et mondiaux. Quant à la tâche empirique, on examine les conflits, les négociations, la coopération et le consensus de ces trois groupes kurdes sur la question kurde et l'influence des cinq dynamiques structurants mentionnés ci-dessus. La principale méthode utilisée dans ma recherche est l'analyse qualitative des entretiens en profondeur. Au niveau conclusion théorique, la recherche fait remarquable contribution aux théories et approches concernant les identités collectives et les groupes (étant groupe) collectives, l'État, le modèle des « Trois I », la dépendance au sentier, la géopolitique de la question kurde et l'européanisation. Au niveau empirique, la principale conclusion de l'étude est le fait que les groupes kurdes n’ont pas atteint de construire une organisation commune et des règles collectivement acceptées jusqu'ici. Les idées, les intérêts et les institutions des groupes ne sont pas équivalents ; et les intérêts particuliers des groupes ont pesé sur l'action collective dans la région kurde<br>In this research, I analyzed the question of “the three main types of Kurdish groups -national, religious and economic- cooperate to establish a consensus on a common purpose: a Kurdish political region in Turkey.” Following the theory of constructivism, the Three I model, the sociology of organization and the sociology of collective action are articulated to examine the Kurdish collective action, which the is constantly re-constructed in historically constructed context, which is also constantly re-constructed by dynamics at national, trans-national (geopolitical), European and global levels. As to the empirical task, I examined the conflicts, negotiations, cooperation and consensus of these three Kurdish groups regarding the Kurdish issue(s) and the influence of the above-mentioned five structuring dynamics. The principal method used in my research is the qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews. At the level of theoretical conclusion, the research makes remarkable contribution to the theories and approaches concerning the collective identities and groups(ness), the state, the “Three I” model, path dependency, the geopolitics of the Kurdish issue, and Europeanization. At the empirical level, the main conclusion of the research is the fact that the Kurdish groups have not achieved to build a common organization and accepted rules so far. The groups’ ideas, interests and institutions are not equivalent and the groups’ distinctive interests have weighed on the collective action in the Kurdish region
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Books on the topic "Class interests"

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Wrbka, Stefan. Collective actions: Enhancing access to justice and reconciling multilayer interests? Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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G, Squier E. Lecture on the condition and true interests of the laboring class of America. Published at the offices of the New York State Mechanic, and Cultivator, and in New York at the Office of the New York Tribune, 1989.

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Lewis, Earl. In their own interests: Race, class, and power in twentieth-century Norfolk, Virginia. University of California Press, 1991.

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Wrbka, Stefan. Collective actions: Enhancing access to justice and reconciling multilayer interests? Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Afanasʹev, M. D. Za knigoĭ: Mesto chtenii︠a︡ v zhizni sovetskogo rabochego. Kniga, 1987.

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1929-, Schreiber Sol, and American Bar Association. Section of Litigation., eds. Communications in the class action context: The right of plaintiffs and defendants to communicate with potential claimants before certification. Section of Litigation, 1999.

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Gerges, Fawaz A. America and political Islam: Clash of cultures or clash of interests? Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Prade, Péricles. Conceito de interesses difusos. 2nd ed. Editora Revista dos Tribunais, 1987.

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1961-, Sleeboom-Faulkner Margaret, ed. Genomics in Asia: A clash of bioethical interests? Kegan Paul, 2004.

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Gómez, Cristóbal Rodríguez. La defensa de intereses difusos y colectivos. Fundación Institucionalidad y Justicia (FINJUS), 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Class interests"

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Nielsen, Kai. "Class Interests, Justice and Marxism." In Marxism and the Moral Point of View. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429035548-10.

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Haque, Ziaul. "Islamic Perspectives And Class Interests." In Islamic Economic Alternatives. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12287-5_5.

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Brustein, William, and William Brustein. "CHAPTER 10. Class Location versus Market Interests in Macropolitical Behavior: The Social Origins of the German Nazi Party." In Reworking Class, edited by John R. Hall. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501725449-014.

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Dahrendorf, Ralf. "Social Structure, Group Interests, and Conflict Groups." In Class and Conflict in an Industrial Society. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003260257-7.

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Hart, David M., Gary Chartier, Ross Miller Kenyon, and Roderick T. Long. "Ludwig von Mises, “On Castes, Classes, and Group Interests” (1945)." In Social Class and State Power. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64894-1_30.

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Wetherly, Paul. "Can Capitalists Use the State to Serve Their General Interests?" In Class, Power and the State in Capitalist Society. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230592704_6.

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Hart, David M., Gary Chartier, Ross Miller Kenyon, and Roderick T. Long. "Jeremy Bentham, “How the Demand for Political Fallacies Is Created by the State of Interests,” The Book of Fallacies (1824)." In Social Class and State Power. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64894-1_8.

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Teranishi, Juro, and Vittorio Corbo. "Industrial Interests versus Class Interests: Conflicts over Income Distribution in the Economic Development of Japan and Brazil." In The Institutional Foundations of East Asian Economic Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26928-0_10.

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Boito, Armando. "The Political Scene and Class Interests in Capitalist Society: Marx’s Analysis." In State, Politics, and Social Classes. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22046-3_7.

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Lundahl, Mats. "Economic Interests Are Color-Blind: On Class Divisions in Haitian History." In Poverty in Haiti. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230304932_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Class interests"

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Scaico, Pasqueline Dantas, Wilk Oliveira, Juho Hamari, and Isabelle Melo Do Nascimento. "Gamifying Class Assignments: Allowing Students to Choose Based on Their Interests." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt61570.2024.00080.

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N, Silpa, R. Suneetha Rani, Maheswara Rao V V R, Amrutha N, Shiva Shankar Reddy, and Ramachandra Rao Kurada. "Investigating the Efficacy of Ensemble Machine Learning Models in Multi-Class Categorization of Web Pages for Spotlighting User Interests." In 2024 2nd World Conference on Communication & Computing (WCONF). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wconf61366.2024.10692090.

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Li, Junyi Jessy, and Ani Nenkova. "Addressing Class Imbalance for Improved Recognition of Implicit Discourse Relations." In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w14-4320.

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Chen, Haotian, Zikui Wang, and Aiguo Han. "Guiding Ultrasound Breast Tumor Classification with Human-Specified Regions of Interest: A Differentiable Class Activation Map Approach." In 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/uffc-js60046.2024.10793865.

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Atsari, Lidya, Agustina Agustina, and Novia Juita. "The influences of the TPS model and reading interests on writing skills of explanatory text of class VIII student." In International Conferences on Educational, Social Sciences and Technology. Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/20181102.

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SOLCAN, Angela. "Heterogeneity of the class and differentiated teaching of the French language." In Ştiință și educație: noi abordări și perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.v3.24-25-03-2023.p219-226.

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To teach a foreign language means to teach students to communicate both orally and in written form in this language. In order to achieve the proposed goals, the teacher must take into account that there are no students with an absolutely identical progression. Their interests, needs and way of learning may be similar, but differ depending on different factors. Students use in their self-training process various learning techniques. There are no two students who possess the same repertoire of behavior, and the same level of performance. The motivation in attaining the goals is also different. In this sense, differentiated teaching gives the teacher the opportunity to identify the heterogeneity of the class and respond to this diversity.
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Ahmad, Zubair, Ehsan Raza, Mohammad Ammar, Nitha Siby, Noora J. Al-Thani, and Almaas Sultana. "Investigating the Variables Impacting the Research Interest Among Undergraduate Students in STEM Fields." In Tenth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head24.2024.17394.

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This research delves into the determinants impacting the research inclinations of undergraduate students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Stemming from global concerns regarding a shortage of qualified STEM professionals, the study examines the dynamics surrounding the encouragement of STEM disciplines and career paths. Utilizing a survey of 472 undergraduate students, quantitative data was collected and subjected to statistical analyses to uncover significant variations in research interests based on factors such as gender, undergraduate discipline, motivations for pursuing STEM programs, and class attendance habits. The findings suggest a necessity to enhance the exposure of male students, particularly in engineering and technology subjects, to STEM fields. These insights contribute to a better understanding and approach to addressing challenges in fostering research interests among undergraduate students.
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Chattopadhyay, Ankur, and Bobby Chindaphone. "A Nifty Inter-Class Peer Learning Model for Enhancing Student-Centered Computing Education, and for Generating Student Interests in Co-Curricular Professional Development." In 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8658454.

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De Carvalho, Beatriz Lima Gino, and Marco Colosio. "Development of polyamide 5.6 bioplastic for application in automotive vehicles." In SAE Brasil 2023 Congress. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-36-0038.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The search for advanced materials with better properties and less environmental impact led to the development of new polymeric compounds in the bioplastics class. In this sense, the present study carried out an experimental research aiming to evaluate the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 5.6 compared to polyamide 6.6. The developed polyamide 5.6 is a biopolymer obtained from renewable sources with a significant reduction of fossil raw materials by up to 45% in the carbon footprint and its molecular structure confers an improvement in tensile strength, durability and fatigue endurance. The results of the studies impose a similarity in the performance of the 5.6 biopolymer with materials traditionally applied in the sector, polyamide 6.6. The results suggest a good alternative to add value to the product and environmental interests.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Jayamaha, Samurdhi, and Kushanthi Harasgama. "Third-Party Financing in Investor-State Dispute Settlement: For Better or for Worse?" In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ghuk3926.

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The proliferation of international investments during the past few decades has contributed to the rise in the number of disputes that are submitted to Investor-State Dispute Settlement forums. Concomitantly, the criticisms of the conventional ISDS have also increased. Critics often refer to certain inherent flaws in the system inter alia the involvement of third-party financing for ISDS cases. With the growing costs and the significant interests involved in investment disputes, ‘investment claims’ themselves have emerged as a new class of assets that international actors pursue. In such circumstances, this study attempts to evaluate the existence of TPF for ISDS claims, and how that could contribute to or undermine the essence of ISDS, as an impartial dispute settlement mechanism which balances and accommodates diverse interests of the parties involved, namely, the largely commercial interests of the investors and the macro-economic, public and social interests of the host states. This study was conducted as a library-based study with relevant case law being analysed to comprehend the trend of TPF in ISDS cases. Evidently, TPF is not unwelcoming in its entirety. While it could inter alia provide financial support for meritorious claims which are otherwise unable to withstand the rising costs of ISDS which is positive, it could also have the negative effect of inter alia untenably increasing the number of ISDS cases by minimising the risk factor and possibly encouraging marginal claims. The paper concludes by recommending both the bilateral treaties and the international arbitration institutions should strive to achieve transparency in the matter of ISDS where TPF is involved.
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Reports on the topic "Class interests"

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De Paiva Abreu, Marcelo. Trade Liberalization and the Political Economy of Protection in Brazil since 1987. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011100.

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The paper analyses aspects of trade liberalization and the political economy of protection in Brazil since 1987. Section I considers the internal and external constraints to the continued adoption of a strategy based on import substitution industrialization. In section II trade liberalization up to 1994 is described including its adjustments related to the creation of Mercosur. It also places trade liberalization in the context of the wider reforms implemented in Brazil in the 1990s. The impacts of trade liberalization on import penetration, productivity and the cost of investment as well as its distributive effects are examined in section III. The relative importance of trade liberalization and inflation acceleration on the cost of investment is also discussed. Section IV deals with the political economy of trade liberalization and the protectionist backlash in the mid-1990s. An analysis is made of long-term factor mobility and the Brazilian case is compared with findings on other economies about the transition from a political economy of protection centered on the clash of "class interests" to one concerned with "special interests".
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Escobar Hernández, José Carlos. Working paper PUEAA No. 15. Teaching Spanish to Japanese students: The students’ profile, their needs and their learning style. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.013r.2022.

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This paper focuses on the Japanese students’ learning process when they study Spanish as a second language. First, it mentions some students’ profile characteristic and their interests in learning a new language. Second, it describes the learning language system in Japan, the students’ behavior in the language classes, and which activities they prefer to do in class. In addition, it describes different kinds of learning methods that could be applied depending on the students’ interests and cultural differences. Finally, the author considers that teaching Spanish to Japanese students raises several issues that have to be attended in order to achieve success. Since learning a language implies hard work and effort, teachers must try different methods and approaches relying upon scientific evidence based on one fundamental assumption: people learn by doing things themselves.
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Adam, Adam Ahmed, and Ted Schrader. Moving animals and/or moving grass? : A clash of pastoralist livelihood interests and livestock business interests in drought-prone Somaliland. Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18174/680195.

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Doo, Johnny. The Use of eVTOL Aircraft for First Responder, Police, and Medical Transport Applications. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023020.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Advancements in electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. One particularly promising application involves on-demand, rapid-response use cases to broaden first responders, police, and medical transport mission capabilities. With the dynamic and varying public service operations, eVTOL aircraft can offer potentially cost-effective aerial mobility components to the overall solution, including significant lifesaving benefits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Multi-agent Collaborative Perception for Autonomous Driving: Unsettled Aspects&lt;/b&gt; discusses the challenges need to be addressed before identified capabilities and benefits can be realized at scale: &lt;ul class="list disc"&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Mission-specific eVTOL vehicle development &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Operator- and patient-specific accommodations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Detect-and-avoid capabilities in complex and challenging operating environments&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Autonomous and artificial intelligence-enhanced mission capabilities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Home-base charging systems for battery power platforms&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Simplified operator and support training&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; Vehicle/fleet maintenance and support&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Acceptance and participation from stakeholder services, local and state-level leadership, field operators, and support team members&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt;Click here to access the full SAE EDGE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt; Research Report portfolio.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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King, Wayne. Barriers to Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Metal Additive Manufacturing. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/epr2025001.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to significantly impact metal additive manufacturing (AM). Understanding how one might use AI in AM is challenging because AM experts are not AI experts, nor the other way around. This document introduces AI in AM and guides researchers in accessing relevant literature. It also discusses the hype surrounding AI in AM, the rush to publish peer-reviewed papers that use AI in AM, and the resulting uneven quality of the literature. Conclusions regarding the application of AI in both large and small enterprises are discussed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This document is intended to help illuminate AI in AM for&lt;ul class="list disc"&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hands-on engineers who need to quickly understand what levels of problems they might encounter when dealing with AI in AM&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engineering managers who need to stay current on emerging trends in their technical realm of responsibilities&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Policymakers who may not have the relevant technical expertise&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Faculty and students who want an introduction to AI in AM&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;NOTE: SAE Edge Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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GORSHKOVA, K. V., and L. N. LUBOZHEVA. PRACTICE-ORIENTED NATURE OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY THROUGH THE «FLIPPED CLASS» METHOD. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-2-16-25.

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This study presents the study of the practise-oriented nature of teaching of a foreign language at a university. The work reveals the concept of “practice-oriented learning” and the principles of this approach. The study demonstrates the “Flipped class” method as the method that has the main characteristics of a student-centered approach to learning. Besides the results of the application of this method by foreign researchers are illustrated in this work. The main purpose of the article is to attract the interest of Russian researchers to the application of the “Flipped class” method in universities.
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Kolodziejczyk, Bart. Emergence of Quantum Computing Technologies in Automotive Applications: Opportunities and Future Use Cases. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024008.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Quantum computing and its applications are emerging rapidly, driving excitement and extensive interest across all industry sectors, from finance to pharmaceuticals. The automotive industry is no different. Quantum computing can bring significant advantages to the way we commute, whether through the development of new materials and catalysts using quantum chemistry or improved route optimization. Quantum computing may be as important as the invention of driverless vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Emergence of Quantum Computing Technologies in Automotive Applications: Opportunities and Future Use Cases&lt;/b&gt; attempts to explain quantum technology and its various advantages for the automotive industry. While many of the applications presented are still nascent, they may become mainstream in a decade or so.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt;Click here to access the full SAE EDGE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt; Research Report portfolio.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Francois, Joseph. Scale Economies and Imperfect Competition in the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp14.

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The universe of existing CGE models can be divided into 3 broad categories. The first class of models (of which the standard GTAP model is a classic example) emphasizes the static effects of policy related to general equilibrium resource reallocation. The second involves scale economics and imperfect competition and the third involves dynamic accumulation effects. Development of the second class of models has followed a long period during which many of the basic tenants of modern industrial organization theory were integrated into the core of mainstream trade theory. The resulting class of applied models emphasizes procompetitive effects. This paper presents techniques for the incorporation of several stylized representations of scale economies and imperfect competition into the GTAP modeling framework. A numerical example is also provided. Technical Paper Number 14 can be downloaded in PDF format. To print this you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader. For those interested in replicating the results in this technical paper, an associated zip file [249K] can be downloaded. The zip file includes readme files with detailed instructions.
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Khan, Samir. AI in Wonderland: Engineering in the Age of Overpromised Technology. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/epr2025002.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This report explores the move from traditional industry practices to emerging technologies, specifically the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in engineering service sectors. It highlights the increasing problem of “technology washing,” when organizations overstate (sometimes deceivingly) their technology abilities and ethics, posing challenges to accountability, transparency, and trust in various fields. The rise of AI-based solutions in sectors like autonomous mobility, manufacturing, and aerospace has exposed a contrast between ambitious future aspirations and current technological barriers. With this, the role of human knowledge in guaranteeing ethical, efficient, and clear technology incorporation becomes essential.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Starting with an examination of today’s technological scene, this report tackles topics such as the buzz around autonomous systems and the difficulties of standardizing fresh innovations. It also points out the problem of organizations exaggerating the capabilities of AI, stressing the importance of human monitoring to manage operational risks and uphold public trust. Practical scenarios in autonomous mobility, aerospace, and manufacturing highlight a significant discrepancy between industry targets and technological feasibilities, stressing the indispensable contribution of human intervention in ensuring successful implementation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These examples are analyzed to give insights into current technology successes and limitations and to propose a balanced path for the future. Ultimately, there may be a future where groundbreaking technological advancements remain in harmony with human values. This report challenges established narratives and outlines a path for ethical technological advancement that is transparent and in line with societal values, examining questions like the following:&lt;ul class="list disc"&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;What are some popular misunderstandings and exaggerated claims regarding AI capabilities today?&lt;/b&gt; Examine the divide between how the public sees things and what’s actually true in the context of deceptive AI practices and inflated statements.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;How do organizations maintain a balance between rapid technological adoption and human oversight?&lt;/b&gt; Explore ways to maintain human knowledge in decision-making processes despite technological advances.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;What are stakeholders’ views on the reliability and safety of autonomous technologies?&lt;/b&gt; Investigate the certainty levels in crucial systems that have implications for public safety and business continuity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;What are the risks associated with overusing AI for critical functions?&lt;/b&gt; Highlight the potential pitfalls of excessive reliance on AI without proper backup systems or redundancy plans.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;NOTE: SAE Edge Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE Edge Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Doo, Johnny. Beyond Aviation: Embedded Gaming, Artificial Intelligence, Training, and Recruitment for the Advanced Air Mobility Industry. SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/epr2024028.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recent advancements in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and the broader advanced air mobility (AAM) movement have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. Many new applications have been identified and are under development, with considerable potential for market growth and exciting potential. However, talent resources are the most critical parameters to make or break the AAM vision, and significantly more talent is needed than the traditional aviation industry is able to currently generate. One possible solution—leverage rapid advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the gaming industry to help attract, identify, educate, and encourage current and future generations to engage in various aspects of the AAM industry.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Beyond Aviation: Embedded Gaming, Artificial Intelligence, Training, and Recruitment for the Advanced Air Mobility Industry&lt;/b&gt; discusses how the modern gaming population of 3.3 million individuals could be engaged through embedded AAM-based scenarios and AI-enhanced grading systems for concept creation, engineering, manufacturing, air space design and management, piloting, remote operations, infrastructure planning, vehicle operations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt;Click here to access the full SAE EDGE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"&gt; Research Report portfolio.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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