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Journal articles on the topic 'Class of 1918'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Tytko, Marek Mariusz. "Dr med. Stefan Szuman jako lekarz w armii niemieckiej (1914–1919). Przyczynek biograficzny." Krakowski Rocznik Archiwalny 20 (2014): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12332135kra.14.005.15891.

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Dr Stefan Szuman as a doctor in the German army (1914–1919). Biographical contribution The author reconstructs the biography of the Polish doctor, Dr Stefan Szuman (1889–1972), later a professor at Jagiellonian University (1928–1961) during his period in the German army (1914–1919). S. Szuman, who acquired the state right to perform the profession of doctor in the German Reich on 7 September 1914, as well as the level of medical doctor on 23 December 1914 at the Faculty of Medicine in the Ludwik Maximilian University of Munich, formally served in the German army in the years 1914–1919. He serv

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Reznik, A. V. "THE IDIOM “CIVIL WAR” IN THE POLITICAL RHETORIC OF LEV TROTSKY, 1914–1918." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4 (67) (2024): 141–52. https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2024-4-141-152.

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This article examines the ways in which Leon Trotsky conceptualized and employed the concept of “civil war” in the period between 1914 and 1918. The idiomatic features of using this concept are significant for understanding the political context of the period of world wars and revolutions, as well as the role of individual leaders in shaping the authoritative language of political communication. By undertaking a comprehensive and continuous analysis of Trotsky's writings, it is possible to reconstruct the key stages through which the term “civil war” evolved in the context of ideological debat

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Ladygina, Yuliya. "Beyond the Trenches: Ol'ha Kobylians'ka’s Literary Response to the First World War." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 2, no. 2 (2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2s888.

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<p class="EW-abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Ol'ha Kobylians'ka’s short stories about the First World War constitute a rare case of a Ukrainian woman writing on one of the greatest catastrophes in modern history, a subject neglected even in Ukraine. Drawing on recent scholarship on First World War literature, this research proves that Kobylians'ka’s war stories deserve a re-evaluation, not as long-ignored curiosities from the pen of Ukraine’s most sophisticated writer of the time, but as insightful psychological studies of Western Ukrainians and as valuable cultural docu

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Englander, David, and Bernard Waites. "A Class Society at War: England, 1914-1918." Economic History Review 42, no. 1 (1989): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597068.

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Burgess, Keith, and Bernard Waites. "A Class Society at War: England, 1914-1918." American Historical Review 95, no. 1 (1990): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2163019.

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Kovalova, Natalіja. "Seljanske pitannja v polіticі RKP(b) – KP(b)U 1918 – 1923 rr.: vitoki totalіtarizmu". Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 2, № 1 (2016): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pomi201603.

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The Peasant Question in Policy of RCP(b) – CP(b)U in 1918 – 1923: Sources of Totalitarianism. The article analyses attitude of Bolshevik congresses of RCP(b) and CP(b)U to agricultural question in 1918 – 1923. It marks out the main features of Bolshevik policy as for peasantry that caused forming of totalitarian regime: ignoring of the entire social class interests, absence of scientific explanation and party discussion of the ways as for solving agricultural question, declarative character of Bolshevik policy especially in Ukraine. RCP(b) did not develop their own program of solving peasant q

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Kotyukova, Tatiana. "The Russian Revolution in Turkestan Through the Eyes of an Eyewitness: “Red”-“White” Memoirs of Alexander Gzovsky." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 1 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018259-2.

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The memoirs of the publicist and writer Alexander Gzovsky, a participant in the revolutionary events in Turkestan, are centred around several dramatic events that took place in Central Asia in late 1917 and early 1918: the fall of tsarism and the coming to power of the Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government, the defeat of the Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government and the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, the proclamation of Turkestan (Kokand) autonomy and its liquidation by the Bolsheviks and, finally, the Bolshevik, the so-called Kolesov campaign in Bukhara in March 19

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Ugolini, Laura. "Middle-Class Fathers, Sons and Military Service in England, 1914–1918." Cultural and Social History 13, no. 3 (2016): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2016.1202012.

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Tobin, Elizabeth H. "War and the Working Class: The Case of Düsseldorf 1914–1918." Central European History 18, no. 3-4 (1985): 257–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900017349.

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The causes of any revolution are notoriously hard to discover. Despite years of effort, historians still disagree about the relative importance of the short-term and long-term causes of the German revolution in 1918–19. Some describe the “events” at the end of the war as a largely unrevolutionary desire for peace and food, brought about by the privations of the war years; others explain them as the culmination of decades of escalating class conflicts, which the conditions of war sharply exposed. One problem with this whole debate has been an insufficient knowledge of exactly what happened to G

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Jeroen, Staring, Bouchard Ed, and Aldridge Jerry. "New Light on the Early History of Walden School." International Journal of Case Studies 3, no. 9 (2014): 01–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3523860.

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Walden School, a celebrated Manhattan private school, began in the Progressive Era. In the winter and spring 1913, twenty-one year old Montessori pioneer Margaret Naumburg attended the very first International Montessori Teacher Training Course in Rome, Italy. In the summer that year, in London, England, she had lessons with F. M. Alexander — in what in 1910 he referred to as ―Re-education of the Kinæsthetic Systems‖ and in 1912 as ―Conscious Control‖ (a method with precursors in performing arts training addressing postural, vocal, repertory and habits aspects). Later that year, Na

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Mac Bhloscaidh, Fearghal. "The Caledon Lockout: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Rural Ulster, 1918–1922." International Labor and Working-Class History 98 (2020): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000334.

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AbstractThis paper examines an unsuccessful strike by Irish Catholic and Protestant workers at a woolen mill in 1919. The location, Caledon in County Tyrone, is renowned as a stronghold of Ulster Unionism and Orangeism, yet in the context of the revolutionary period in Ireland from 1916–1926, traditional sectarian divisions briefly abated in the face of working-class solidarity. In this respect, the analysis offers something of a corrective to assumptions regarding the immutability of sectarian divisions in Ulster. The article also places Caledon within the context of a widespread and sustaine

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Šarenac, Danilo. "A View of the Disaster and Victory from below: Serbian Roma Soldiers, 1912–1918." Social Inclusion 8, no. 2 (2020): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2821.

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The Kingdom of Serbia fought in three consecutive conflicts between 1912 and 1918. These events merged into a devastating experience of an all-out war, completely reshaping all aspects of contemporary life. As the first centenary of these events has recently shown, the memories of wartime still play a very prominent role in the Serbian national narrative. By 1915 around 20% of Serbian combatants belonged to some of the country’s minorities. Second class citizens on the social margins of society, the Serbian Roma constitute those whose wartime history is the least known to research and the publ

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GARST, W. DANIEL. "From Sectoral Linkages to Class Conflict." Comparative Political Studies 32, no. 7 (1999): 788–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032007002.

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Although the sectoral framework on global commerce and coalition formation provides a better explanation of trade and political alignments in pre-1914 Britain than the Stolper-Samuelson framework, it shares the main shortcoming of the latter when applied to the interwar period. Neither approach explains the restructuring of politics along class lines after 1918. According to the sectoral framework, the continued imperfect mobility of capital and labor and deeper divisions within the business community should have led to greater, not less, cross-class cooperation over trade and trade-related is

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Smith, Harold L., and Ross McKibbin. "Class and Cultures in England, 1918-1951." American Historical Review 105, no. 2 (2000): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1571581.

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15

Camfield, David. "From Revolution to Modernising Counter-Revolution in Russia, 1917–28." Historical Materialism 28, no. 2 (2020): 107–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341798.

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Abstract This article presents a historical-materialist approach to key issues of revolution and counter-revolution and uses it to analyse what happened in Russia between 1917 and the late 1920s. What took place in 1917 was indeed a socialist revolution. However, by the end of 1918 working-class rule had been replaced with the rule of a working-class leadership layer that was improvising a fragile surplus-extracting state of proletarian origin. The eventual transformation of that layer into a new ruling class represented the triumph of a modernising counter-revolution. The decisive determinant

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Altymyshova, Zuhra. "October Revolution and Soviet Class Struggle Policy in Kyrgyzstan." Central Asia 81, Winter (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-81.100.

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In the middle of the XIX century, the territory of contemporary Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Tsarist Russia. Later, in 1917, as a result of the October Revolution, the Tsarist regime was replaced by the Soviet rule. In the territory of Kyrgyzstan, it was established firstly in the southern and western regions of the country, such as Suluktu and Kyzyl-Kiya, Osh and Talas, where the largest industrial enterprises, mines, railway junctions and most of the workers and soldiers were concentrated. However, already by the mid 1918, the Soviet government managed to spread its power to the entire re

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Sherwood, Gayle. "Charles Ives and “Our National Malady”." Journal of the American Musicological Society 54, no. 3 (2001): 555–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2001.54.3.555.

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Abstract In his psychoanalytical biography of Ives, Charles Ives: “My Father's Song,” Stuart Feder convincingly argued that Ives's health breakdowns in 1906 and 1918 were the result of emotional and psychological factors rather than a physical heart condition. But the Freudian approach and terminology employed by Feder were unknown in American in 1906 and had not been fully accepted even by 1918. Therefore, how would an American doctor in 1906 have diagnosed Ives's “condition”? A careful examination of key events in Ives's life between 1902 and 1908, and a close reading of his correspondence i

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Buczkó, József. "Hadifogság versben – Henzsel Mihály első világháborús naplója." Debreceni Szemle 33, no. 2 (2025): 181–97. https://doi.org/10.59424/debreceniszemle/2025/33/2/181-197.

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Absztrakt: Az első világháború alatt írt naplók és feljegyzések nagy változatosságot mutatnak tartalmi és formai tekintetben egyaránt. A paraszti, alacsonyabb társadalmi osztályokhoz tartozó bevonultak ritkábban vezettek feljegyzéseket a front és fogság tapasztalatairól, amikor viszont mégis, akkor egy, a polgáritól eltérő, másabb jellegű perspektíva jelenik meg az elbeszélésben. Jelen tanulmány Henzsel Mihály, egy Szabolcs vármegyei gyalogos katona orosz hadifogságban írt feljegyzéseit és verseit elemzi, melyeket 1915 és 1918 között írt, döntően a mervi hadifogolytáborban, Orosz-Turkesztánban

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FRENCH, DAVID. "DOCTRINE AND ORGANIZATION IN THE BRITISH ARMY, 1919–1932." Historical Journal 44, no. 2 (2001): 497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x01001868.

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It is widely assumed that after 1918 the British general staff ignored the experience it had gained from fighting a first-class European enemy and that it was not until the establishment of the Kirke committee in 1932 that it began to garner the lessons of the Great War and incorporate them into its doctrine. This article demonstrates that in fact British military doctrine underwent a continuous process of development in the 1920s. Far from turning its back on new military technologies, the general staff rejected the manpower-intensive doctrine that had sustained the army in 1914 in favour of

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20

Semenovska, L. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA OF POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION AS INNOVATIVE DIRECTION OF SCHOOL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 72 (August 16, 2019): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2018.72.176125.

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The degree and basic trends in the elaboration of the problem researched have been analyzed (imperial stage, before 1917, trends being – philosophic-pedagogical, historical-educative; the Soviet stage, 1917 – 1990, trends being – historical-narrative, scientific proper, scientific-methodical; post-Soviet stage, 1991 – the beginning of the XXI-st cent., trends being – methodological-theoretic, historical-pedagogical, general didactic). The socioeconomic factors and organizational-pedagogic prerequisites of polytechnic education idea genesis have been determined; its legislative and regulatory f

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Bodó, Béla. "Favorites or Pariahs? The Fate of the Right-Wing Militia Men in Interwar Hungary." Austrian History Yearbook 46 (April 2015): 327–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237814000216.

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The dissolution of theAustro-HungarianEmpirein the fall of 1918 inaugurated a period of rapid change in East Central Europe. Independent Hungary, which emerged as one of the “successor states” to the Dual Monarchy, experienced two revolutions in ten months. However, neither the democratic regime, born in the October Revolution of 1918, nor the more radical Council Republic, founded in March 1919, was able to solve the country's pressing economic and social problems and defend its sovereignty. The collapse of the Council Republic and the occupation of Budapest and the eastern half of the countr

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Korotkova, M. N., and N. A. Nevostruev. "THE DIFFICULT PATH OF REVIVAL OF PERM MEDICINE (1918−1919)." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1 (64) (2024): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2024-1-93-101.

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The study analyzes a complex and controversial period in the history of Perm medicine in 1918–1919, associat-ed with the liquidation of zemstvo institutions, including the former structure of zemstvo and city medicine in March 1918. The search for a new ideology of providing medical care based on a class approach in this sphere caused skepticism among the majority of the medical community and led to various conflicts. Despite their detachment from political life, doctors expressed serious concerns and even rejected the Soviet authorities’ desire to destroy the isolation of medical corporatism

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Phimister, Ian. "Coal, Crisis, and Class Struggle: Wankie Colliery, 1918–22." Journal of African History 33, no. 1 (1992): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031856.

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Despite its pivotal economic position in Central Africa, the history of Zimbabwe's Wankie Colliery has scarcely been explored. Although the historical pattern of capital accumulation and class struggle on the colliery has yet to be traced in any detail, this article suggests that a useful starting point is the protracted labour crisis which convulsed the colliery in 1918. Attempts to expand output through intensified pressure on a dwindling supply of black labour soon established a vicious circle in which workers' health deteriorated rapidly. Hundreds of black miners were incapacitated by ‘tro

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Cohen, Gary B. "Rationed Life: Science, Everyday Life, and Working-class Politics in the Bohemian Lands, 1914–1918." History: Reviews of New Books 45, no. 3 (2017): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2017.1294954.

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Giustino, Cathleen M. "Rationed Life: Science, Everyday Life, and Working-Class Politics in the Bohemian Lands, 1914–1918." Central Europe 16, no. 1 (2018): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790963.2018.1498580.

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Ugolini, Laura. "Growing Fat? Middle-Class Men and Food Consumption on the English Home Front, 1914–1918." Food and History 10, no. 1 (2012): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.food.1.102961.

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Hsia, Ke-Chin. "Rationed life: science, everyday life, and working-class politics in the Bohemian lands, 1914-1918." First World War Studies 10, no. 1 (2019): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2019.1667588.

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Rybak, Jan. "Rationed life: science, everyday life, and working-class politics in the Bohemian lands, 1914–1918." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 25, no. 1 (2017): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2017.1332834.

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Lichocka, Halina. "Akademia Umiejętności (1872–1918) i jej czescy członkowie." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 14 (May 27, 2015): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23921749pkhn_pau.16.003.5259.

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The article shows that the Czech humanists formed the largest group among the foreign members of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Krakow. It is mainly based on the reports of the activities of the Academy. The Academy of Arts and Sciences in Krakow was established by transforming the Krakow Learned Society. The Statute of the newly founded Academy was approved by a decision of the Emperor Franz Joseph I on February 16, 1872. The Emperor nominated his brother Archduke Karl Ludwig as the Academy’s Protector. The Academy was assigned to take charge of research matters related to different fiel

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Kolotkov, M. B., and K. A. Zarubina. "The History of the criminal policy of the Russian state (late 1917 — mid 1918)." Memoirs of NovSU, no. 4 (2023): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/2411-7951.2023.4(49).309-312.

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The study is devoted to the problem of the formation of criminal policy in the first months of the existence of Soviet statehood. The author shows the specifics of the formation of views on the understanding of law after the revolutionary events of 1917. The influence of the personalities of V.I.Lenin, D.I.Kursky and P.A.Stuchka is shown both on the issues of understanding criminal law and on the principles of the relationship between law and the law as a whole. A distinctive feature of this historical period should be considered a significant gap between the law as the main legal source and t

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ЛАРИСА, СЕМЕНОВСЬКА. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA OF POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION AS INNOVATIVE DIRECTION OF SCHOOL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." Педагогічні науки, no. 72 (December 10, 2018): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2175004.

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The degree and basic trends in the elaboration of the problem researched have been analyzed (imperial stage, before 1917, trends being – philosophic-pedagogical, historical-educative; the Soviet stage, 1917 – 1990, trends being – historical-narrative, scientific proper, scientific-methodical; post-Soviet stage, 1991 – the beginning of the XXI-st cent., trends being – methodological-theoretic, historical-pedagogical, general didactic). The socio-economic factors and organizational-pedagogic prerequisites of polytechnic education idea genesis have been determined; i

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Van Ingen, Linda. "“I Do Not Mean to Frown on Everything the Men Propose”." California History 97, no. 4 (2020): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.4.3.

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California’s first four assemblywomen began their historic tenure in 1919 in the state’s Forty-Third Session of the Legislature. They joined a growing number of women elected to state legislatures before ratification of the federal suffrage amendment. Entitled to run for office when enfranchised by the state in 1911, and elected in 1918, Esto Broughton (Stanislaus County), Grace Dorris (Kern County), Elizabeth Hughes (Butte County), and Anna Saylor (Alameda County) challenged the all-male exclusivity of the legislature by creating political space for women’s equal inclusion and bringing the va

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Van Ingen, Linda. "“I Do Not Mean to Frown on Everything the Men Propose”." California History 97, no. 4 (2020): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.4.3.

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California’s first four assemblywomen began their historic tenure in 1919 in the state’s Forty-Third Session of the Legislature. They joined a growing number of women elected to state legislatures before ratification of the federal suffrage amendment. Entitled to run for office when enfranchised by the state in 1911, and elected in 1918, Esto Broughton (Stanislaus County), Grace Dorris (Kern County), Elizabeth Hughes (Butte County), and Anna Saylor (Alameda County) challenged the all-male exclusivity of the legislature by creating political space for women’s equal inclusion and bringing the va

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Shcherbakov, Mikhail V. "Mikhail Dmitrievich Ruzsky - a view from the XXI century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 67 (2024): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/67/3.

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Mikhail Dmitrievich Ruzsky was born on 19 (7) of April, 1864 in Os-mino village of the Gdov Uezd, Petersburg Province of Russia. His father was collegiate councillor Dmitrii Dmitrievich Ruzsky, a civil servant of the independent principality department of Russian Empire, and his mother was Anastasiya Dmitrievna Ruzskaya. In 1884 he graduated from the classical gymnasium in Simbirsk with a silver medal award. In the senior class of the same gymnasium was Aleksandr Il'ich Ulyanov, the elder brother of Vladimir Lenin, who was a friend of Mikhail Dmitrievich, and they often spent time studying nat

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Г. И., Хипхенов,. "WHITE CHEREMKHOVO (JULY 1918)." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF SAYANO-ALTAI, no. 4(36) (December 26, 2022): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52782/kril.2022.4.36.011.

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История Гражданской войны в России, за исключением отдельных эпизодов, исследована на ограниченном, выборочном (порой умышленно) объеме источников. В результате получается искаженное представление с огромными географическими, временными и персональными дырами - лакунами. Мы имеем не белые пятна в истории, а скорее весь наш объем познаний является лишь отдельными просветленными областями на темном полотне неизвестного и неизученного. Поэтому на современном этапе исследования особенно актуально изучение «вглубь» - детальная реконструкция событий и их участников. На Черемховских каменноугольных к

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Ksit, Barbara. "Działalność publiczna Tadeusza Staniewskiego w Swarzędzu do roku 1918." Przegląd Archiwalno-Historyczny 5 (2018): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2391-890xpah.18.003.14920.

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mieście Swarzędz. Funkcję tę pełnił społecznie przez dziewięć miesięcy. Ponownie wybrany burmistrzem w 1929 r., pełnił tę funkcję do 1939 r. Dotychczasowe opracowania omawiają działalność Tadeusza Staniewskiego w Swarzędzu, począwszy od listopada 1918 r. Niniejszy artykuł ma być próbą poszerzenia wiadomości na jego temat we wcześniejszym okresie. Syn nauczyciela, ukończył Gimnazjum Fryderyka Wilhelma w Poznaniu. Na początku XX w. osiadł w Swarzędzu, gdzie zyskał uznanie jako kupiec i społecznik. W odniesieniu do lat 1900–1918, kiedy Tadeusz Staniewski stawiał pierwsze kroki w działalności publ

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Blaszak, Barbara J., and Pamela M. Graves. "Labour Women: Women in British Working-Class Politics, 1918-1939." American Historical Review 101, no. 1 (1996): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169283.

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Mohun, Simon. "Class Structure and the US Personal Income Distribution, 1918-2012." Metroeconomica 67, no. 2 (2015): 334–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/meca.12107.

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Wozniak, Peter, and Gary B. Cohen. "Education and Middle-Class Society in Imperial Austria, 1848-1918." History of Education Quarterly 38, no. 2 (1998): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369999.

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Graves, Pamela M., and Mary Alvery Thomas. "Labour Women: Women in British Working-Class Politics, 1918–1939." History: Reviews of New Books 24, no. 1 (1995): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1995.9949166.

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Strong, George V., and Gary B. Cohen. "Education and Middle Class Society in Imperial Austria, 1848-1918." German Studies Review 21, no. 3 (1998): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431247.

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Zeps, Michael J., and Gary B. Cohen. "Education and Middle-Class Society in Imperial Austria, 1848-1918." American Historical Review 103, no. 3 (1998): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2650664.

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Hopkins, Eric. "WORKING CLASS LIFE IN BIRMINGHAM BETWEEN THE WARS, 1918–1939." Midland History 15, no. 1 (1990): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mdh.1990.15.1.129.

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Keith, Jeanette. "The Politics of Southern Draft Resistance, 1917-1918: Class, Race, and Conscription in the Rural South." Journal of American History 87, no. 4 (2001): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674731.

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Paterson, Lindsay. "The relationship of the 1918 and 1872 Education (Scotland) Acts." Scottish Educational Review 53, no. 2 (2021): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-05302007.

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Two large changes link the 1872 and 1918 Education (Scotland) Acts. One is the development of secondary education, which happened gradually between the two dates, with searching debates about the meaning, purpose, and demographic reach of advanced education of this kind. The main purpose of the 1918 Act was to make secondary provision more coherent, ensuring that its gradual extension to female, Catholic and working-class students would be sustained. The other is modernising educational governance, which meant combining a partly democratic oversight with the growing professionalism of teachers

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Reznik, A. V. "Representation Rhetoric of the Civil War in “Izvestia” (October 1917 – January 1918)." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 3(54) (2021): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-3-88-100.

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The aim of the article is to address the question of the meaning and the specificity of the concept of the "civil war" in Izvestia of the Central Executive Committee and the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, a newspaper which reflected the views of the Bolsheviks and their allies. This case study examines the genealogy of the language of the civil war from October 27th, 1917 to the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, a momentous event on the path to the frontal Civil War. The article reconstructs a basic repertoire of the rhetorical techniques of representation, reveali

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Ackers, Peter. "Protestant Sectarianism in Twentieth-Century British Labour History: From Free and Labour Churches to Pentecostalism and the Churches of Christ." International Review of Social History 64, no. 1 (2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000117.

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The British educated classes have long worried and fantasized about working-class religious belief and unbelief. Anglican churchmen feared Methodist “enthusiasm” in the eighteenth century, radicalism in the aftermath of the French Revolution, and urban, industrial irreligion after the 1851 Religious Census on churchgoing. In a mirror image of these old anxieties, most labour historians have wished away Christianity in the twentieth century. The long-standing shared socialist teleology of Marxists and Fabians leads to the modern, socialist labour movement. In this Marxian take on secularization

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Salmi-Niklander, Kirsti. "“Nor Happiness, nor Majesty, nor Fame”: Proletarian Decadence and International Influence in Early Twentieth-Century Finnish Working-Class Literature." Journal of Finnish Studies 18, no. 2 (2015): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.18.2.06.

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Abstract This article focuses on the complex relationship of socialism, working-class culture, and fin de siècle decadence in early twentieth-century Finnish working-class culture. The hegemonic ideology of the labor movement praised self-discipline and conservative literary ideals, but many working-class people were inspired by the radical writings of August Strindberg and Oscar Wilde. Furthermore, proletarian decadence was related to the pro- and anti-feminist debates, the ideas of free love, and to the construction of a new working-class masculinity. These ideals were the subject of lively

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Todd, Selina. "Breadwinners and Dependants: Working-Class Young People in England, 1918–1955." International Review of Social History 52, no. 1 (2007): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859006002781.

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The prevailing image of twentieth-century English “youth” is as a triumphal signifier of affluent leisure consumption. By contrast, this article demonstrates the importance of young working-class people's economic role as wage-earners in the mid-twentieth century. This shaped their treatment by the family and the state and the life histories of the adults they became. Juveniles were crucial breadwinners in interwar working-class households. However, the consequences of high unemployment among adult males helped redefine youth as a period of state protection and leisure in the post-1945 decades

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Li, Yu, Eric Y. Chan, Jiangning Li, et al. "MicroRNA Expression and Virulence in Pandemic Influenza Virus-Infected Mice." Journal of Virology 84, no. 6 (2010): 3023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02203-09.

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ABSTRACT The worst known H1N1 influenza pandemic in history resulted in more than 20 million deaths in 1918 and 1919. Although the underlying mechanism causing the extreme virulence of the 1918 influenza virus is still obscure, our previous functional genomics analyses revealed a correlation between the lethality of the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus (r1918) in mice and a unique gene expression pattern associated with severe immune responses in the lungs. Lately, microRNAs have emerged as a class of crucial regulators for gene expression. To determine whether differential expression of cel

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