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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Class struggle

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Academic literature on the topic 'Class struggle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Class struggle"

1

Dolan, María. "Class Struggle." Harrington Lesbian Fiction Quarterly 4, no. 4 (2003): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j161v04n04_10.

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Kavanagh, J. "Class struggle." Computer Bulletin 40, no. 5 (1998): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/combul/40.5.28.

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Bamber, Linda. "Class Struggle." Women's Review of Books 7, no. 5 (1990): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4020679.

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Wolfson, Todd. "Introduction: Class Struggle before Class." South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 2 (2020): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8177959.

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Balibar, Étienne. "From Class Struggle to Struggle without Classes?" Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 14, no. 1 (1991): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gfpj19911412.

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Jebb, Paul, Christopher Barber, Julie Farrell, and Julie Walden. "Readers panel-Class struggle." Nursing Standard 19, no. 34 (2005): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.19.34.28.s29.

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Lezra, Jacques, José María Durán, Nico Baumbach, et al. "Art and Class Struggle." ARTMargins 10, no. 3 (2021): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00302.

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Abstract What do we need to know about “art” or “class struggle” before considering their relation to one another? Could you describe a specific work or text that might serve as an illustration of class struggle or as an exploration of the problem of representing it? Let us say that visual art, broadly speaking, does express the worldview of the dominant class. What kind of art then expresses the worldview of, say, hedge fund managers? Does the dialectic of the visible and invisible still hold for conceptual and post-conceptual art? What alternative critical apparatus would you propose, since neither Lenin nor John William Cooke seemed to care much for art. Why should we?

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Rogers, Nicholas, James Epstein, Dorothy Thompson, Dorothy Thompson, Ivor Wilks, and David V. J. Jones. "Chartism and Class Struggle." Labour / Le Travail 19 (1987): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25142774.

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Mouat, Jeremy, Philip J. Mellinger, and Jonathan D. Rosenblum. "Copper and Class Struggle." Labour / Le Travail 39 (1997): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144118.

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Åmark, Klas. "Class struggle and calculability." Scandinavian Journal of History 18, no. 4 (1993): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468759308579262.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Class struggle"

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Dennis, Eric Keith. "Glass class struggle." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1326997865.

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Hoey, Dylan. "Milwaukee's Black Middle Class and the Struggle for Recognition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1450.

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In this thesis, I attempt to construct a historical overview of the development of Milwaukee's black middle class. Furthermore, I attempt to develop the connection between the migratory movements of African-American's from the South, and the living conditions that materialized in Milwaukee that precipitated the Civil Rights Movement.

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Nieuwbeerta, Paul. "The democratic class struggle in twenty countries, 1945-1990 /." Amsterdam : Thesis publs, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37314371c.

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Venugopal, Reddy K. "Working class and freedom struggle : Madras Presidency, 1918-1922 /." New Delhi : Mittal Publications, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410015398.

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Texte remanié de: Dissertation--University of Hyderabad, 1985. Titre de soutenance : The industrial working class and the Indian national movement in the Madras Presidency, 1918-1922.<br>Bibliogr. p. 83-87.

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Guru, S. "Struggle and resistance : Punjabi women in Birmingham." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382848.

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Talbot, Carl. "The myths of environmentalism : nature, discipline and the class struggle." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363250.

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Sparkes, Daryl John Trevor. "Screening revolution : constructing a Marxist theoretical framework for social documentary filmmakers analysing class structure and the class struggle." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16333/.

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Social documentary filmmaking cannot be undertaken in a theoretical void, regardless of the intentions of the filmmaker. Each film's textual, stylistic and aesthetic composition is dictated by the ideological intent of the filmmaker, either consciously or subconsciously. As a result, social documentary films are a product of either conservative or subversive filmmakers and can be viewed as cultural products of social control by the dominant capitalist ideology or as tools promoting class awareness, class struggle and revolutionary praxis by those sympathetic to Marxist doctrine. This dissertation examines how Marxist ideology, in particular theories relating to class structure and the class struggle, can be used by filmmakers to analyse social documentary films. It enables the construction of a methodological 'toolkit' for filmmakers from which they are able to determine if individual social documentary films can be regarded as Marxist or not. This 'toolkit' is comprised of the theories of Lenin, Comolli and Narboni, Brecht, Althusser, and Weber among others. Once a methodological framework is constructed, it is used to evaluate a number of social documentary case studies including 7-Up, Harlan County USA, Roger and Me, and my own film, A Shit of a Job (which was produced by myself for broadcast on SBS television), as to their adherence to the principles of Marxist aesthetics and allegiance to the proletarian cause of class awareness and the class struggle.

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Sparkes, Daryl John Trevor. "Screening revolution : constructing a Marxist theoretical framework for social documentary filmmakers analysing class structure and the class struggle." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16333/.

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Social documentary filmmaking cannot be undertaken in a theoretical void, regardless of the intentions of the filmmaker. Each film's textual, stylistic and aesthetic composition is dictated by the ideological intent of the filmmaker, either consciously or subconsciously. As a result, social documentary films are a product of either conservative or subversive filmmakers and can be viewed as cultural products of social control by the dominant capitalist ideology or as tools promoting class awareness, class struggle and revolutionary praxis by those sympathetic to Marxist doctrine. This dissertation examines how Marxist ideology, in particular theories relating to class structure and the class struggle, can be used by filmmakers to analyse social documentary films. It enables the construction of a methodological 'toolkit' for filmmakers from which they are able to determine if individual social documentary films can be regarded as Marxist or not. This 'toolkit' is comprised of the theories of Lenin, Comolli and Narboni, Brecht, Althusser, and Weber among others. Once a methodological framework is constructed, it is used to evaluate a number of social documentary case studies including 7-Up, Harlan County USA, Roger and Me, and my own film, A Shit of a Job (which was produced by myself for broadcast on SBS television), as to their adherence to the principles of Marxist aesthetics and allegiance to the proletarian cause of class awareness and the class struggle.

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Barrett, Elizabeth. "Group struggle or class conflict? : the application of pluralist theory and class theory to English politics." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1988. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/1ae2a6b9-35e7-4c08-9cc1-1f2c5dccd5b9/1/.

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The growth of single-issue politics, and of the articulation and resolution of political demands through pressure group structures is linked, by group theorists, to the development of the corporate economic State. In an increasingly complex political order, it is argued, the individual must orient herself to political structures through multiple group memberships which cut across traditional socio-economic categories, and which reduce the impact of class identification and political behaviour. Thus the pluralists suggest that group membership is replacing class location as a focus for political identity and a motor of political behaviour. This argument is investigated with reference to the sociopolitical attitudes and behaviours of electors drawn from three English Parliamentary constituencies. The constituencies - Guildford, Richmond and Barnes and Sheffield Attercliffe - exhibit distinctive socio-economic characteristics and electoral trends. The constituency sample units are stratified by group, and electors are drawn from those groups typically organised within the community. Participants are examined by survey questionnaire. In examining the class and group bases of British politics, considerable attention is paid to concept-formulation. 'The group' is operationalised according to dimensions of interest and power, and the nature and role of interest group activity within the three constituencies are investigated. The concept of class is operationalised according to Marxian theory, and is critically examined with reference to stratification theory. Indicators of socio-economic and political variables are investigated during data analysis, and class and group-structured political identifications and behaviours are examined. Although participation in both group and class structures is found to be politically significant among survey-respondents, group-structured political behaviour is found to be strongly related to class location. It is therefore argued that the concept of class possesses explanatory value in political analysis. A class theory of group politics is thus proposed.

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Mäki, Fredrik. "A Discourse study of Fahrenheit 451 : Hegemony, Otherness and Class struggle." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-167931.

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This thesis studies Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 using Critical Discourse Analysis as the primary tool. It argues that the narrative develops through the supporting characters’ actions, and the different societal discourses of hegemony, otherness and class struggle they represent. Basing the analysis on Althusserian and Gramscian ideas and discussing citizen’s transformation from subjects to individuals, this study concludes that although a subject may be power-less and wary, it is by learning to act through being given information through discourse that personal development occurs.

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Books on the topic "Class struggle"

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Losurdo, Domenico. Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0.

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Janagal, Sukhdev Singh. Caste-class struggle. Hashia Publications, 2009.

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Janagal, Sukhdev Singh. Caste-class struggle. Hashia Publications, 2009.

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Dal Maso, Juan. Hegemony and Class Struggle. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75688-8.

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Zidrou. Ducoboo: The class struggle]. Cinebook, 2010.

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Dickhut, Willi. Crises and class struggle. Neuer Weg, 1986.

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Cassano, Graham, ed. Class Struggle on the Homefront. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230246997.

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Arrighi, Giovanni. The liberation of class struggle? Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1985.

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Angel, Michael. Revolution: Struggle the landlord class. Free University Press, 1998.

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Michael, Lavalette, and Mooney Gerry 1960-, eds. Class struggle and social welfare. Routledge, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Class struggle"

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Cowie, Jefferson. "Nixon's Class Struggle." In Class. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119395485.ch31.

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Vinen, Richard. "Class Struggle." In France, 1934–1970. Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24568-0_11.

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Hamza, Agon. "Class Struggle." In Althusser and Pasolini. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56652-2_24.

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Antunes, Ricardo. "Class struggle." In The Routledge Handbook to the Political Economy and Governance of the Americas. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351138444-4.

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Losurdo, Domenico. "Introduction: The Return of Class Struggle?" In Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0_1.

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Losurdo, Domenico. "After the Revolution: Discovering the Limits of Class Struggle." In Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0_10.

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Losurdo, Domenico. "Class Struggle at the ‘End of History’." In Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0_11.

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Losurdo, Domenico. "Class Struggle between Exorcism and Fragmentation." In Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0_12.

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Losurdo, Domenico. "The Class Struggle Poised between Marxism and Populism." In Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0_13.

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Losurdo, Domenico. "The Different Forms of Class Struggle." In Class Struggle. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-70660-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Class struggle"

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Chiessa, Dennis Antonio. "Nonconforming Housing: Housing the Working Class." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.18.

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As cities struggle to provide enough adequate housing for their residents, there is a need to develop new ideas and typologies that address the housing crisis directly. Growth in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex [1] continues to provide challenges in addressing housing shortages [2], particularly for cost-burdened communities and those in danger of gentrification, displacement, or chronic homelessness [3]. This project focused on developing contextual infill housing typologies by analyzing the housing stock and context of a neighborhood in Fort Worth, TX. The central question driving the project was: How to design infill housing to increase density in existing single-family urban areas with an aging housing stock, a history of community marginalization, and inadequate zoning that deems many properties as nonconforming or unbuildable?

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Wohlers, Casey, Yangyang Jin, Andres Negron, et al. "ADArC: Automated Design Tool for Arduino Circuits." In ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-147408.

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Abstract Experimentation using microcontrollers such as Arduino is becoming common in several university courses and capstone projects due to their low cost. But students often face challenges with microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators. Novice learners in Mechanical, Electrical, and Robotics Engineering struggle with wiring components, coding, and interpreting circuit results. This hinders their progress and leads to time-consuming troubleshooting. Our tool, called ADArC, Automated Design tool for Arduino Circuits, seeks to alleviate this struggle by offering an intuitive software simulator that supports circuit design and Arduino code generation. Users can use the graphical interface to choose components, have them automatically connected on screen to the Arduino, generate and edit code, as well as run and modify circuit simulations in real time. In a class setting, students showed enthusiasm for this app’s design and accessibility, also praising its efficacy in enhancing their learning experiences. The paper will describe the details of the software.

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Bhardwaj, Rohit, Saurabh Saurabh, Dhananjay Gadve, and Naga Chaithanya Amancharla. "A Comparative Analysis and Novel Powertrain Topology for FCEVs, Integrating Ultra-Capacitor and Batteries." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0168.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper addresses challenges in current Fuel Cell Stack Buses and presents a novel Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Bus (FCEV-Bus) powertrain that combines fuel cells, ultra-capacitors, and batteries to enhance performance and reliability. Existing Fuel Cell Stack Buses struggle with responsiveness, power fluctuations, and cost-efficiency. The FCEV-Bus powertrain uses a Fuel Cell stack as the primary power source, ultra-capacitors for quick power response, and batteries for addressing power variations. Batteries also save costs in certain cases. This combination optimizes power management, improves system efficiency, and extends the FCEV-Bus's operational life. In conclusion, this paper offers an innovative solution to overcome traditional fuel cell system limitations, making FCEV-Buses more efficient and reliable for potential wider adoption.</div></div>

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Bai, Gairui, Wei Xi, Yihan Zhao, Xinhui Liu, and Jizhong Zhao. "Attention Shifting to Pursue Optimal Representation for Adapting Multi-granularity Tasks." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/65.

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Object recognition in open environments, e.g., video surveillance, poses significant challenges due to the inclusion of unknown and multi-granularity tasks (MGT). However, recent methods exhibit limitations as they struggle to capture subtle differences between different parts within an object and adaptively handle MGT. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a Class-semantic Guided Attention Shift (SegAS) method. SegAS transforms adaptive MGT into dynamic combinations of invariant discriminant representations across different levels to effectively enhance adaptability to multi-granularity downstream tasks. Specifically, SegAS incorporates a hardness-based Attention Part Filtering Strategy (ApFS) to dynamically decompose objects into complementary parts based on the object structure and relevance to the instance. Then, SegAS shifts attention to the optimal discriminant region of each part under the guidance of hierarchical class semantics. Finally, a diversity loss is employed to emphasize the importance and distinction of different partial features. Extensive experiments validate SegAS' effectiveness in multi-granularity recognition of three tasks.

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Agrawal, Vipul, Harikrishna TE, Prajitha N, Kosalaraman Kumar, Harish Venkat, and Anish Shaji. "Revolutionizing Simulink Model Management with Conduit Frameworks." In 11th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference (SIIMC 2024). SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-28-0167.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a comprehensive implementation of various Conduit frameworks designed to manage the hygiene of Simulink models in control systems and enhance them to meet industry standards such as MAB, MISRA, Polyspace, and CERT. The core challenge addressed is the minimization of repetitive work and the elimination of cognitive workload. Beginners often struggle to create Simulink models that adhere to industry standards, and keeping track of all the standards can be challenging. Given the complexity and size of these models, manual processing is time-consuming. Our Conduit frameworks help enhance their models for adherence to those standards, improving efficiency by up to 95% and utilizing machine intelligence to process large amounts of code efficiently. The Conduit frameworks also automate non value added (NVA) activities, including updates in properties of variables, checking for unwanted data types that develop during internal calculations of Simulink blocks, and variable name changes according to industry standards.</div></div>

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Bhargav, Matavalam. "Adaptive Machine Learning-Based Energy Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." In Automotive Technical Papers. SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5108.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper examines the effectiveness of optimizing energy management in hybrid electric vehicles by integrating adaptive machine learning algorithms with the energy management electronic control unit (ECU). Existing traditional rule-based energy management and control strategies of power distribution between internal combustion and battery struggle to adapt to dynamic driving conditions, such as rapid acceleration, frequent stop-and-go traffic, and varying terrain. These scenarios often result in sub-optimal energy utilization and performance, as the fixed rules struggle to account for the immediate demands and inefficiencies that arise in such conditions. In conditions like that, rapid acceleration demands a sudden increase in power, which can lead to inefficient fuel consumption if not managed properly, while frequent stop-and-go traffic conditions can cause the battery to drain and lead to increased fuel consumption. Varying terrain can also lead to improper power distribution, with steep inclines demanding more power from the internal combustion engine than normal terrain. In contrast, the proposed system utilizes real-time feedback from the energy management ECU, based on that it decides the power distribution between the battery and internal combustion engine in the subsequent cycle, ensuring optimal performance across a wide range of driving conditions by efficiently distributing the power between internal combustion engine and battery.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the approach toward the development of a machine learning algorithm for energy management of hybrid electric vehicles will be shown in MATLAB. The procedure involves data collection from the energy management ECU, including parameters such as battery state of charge (SOC), vehicle speed, engine load, torque, fuel consumption rate, and temperature. This data is then used to extract relevant patterns and relationships. Subsequent machine learning algorithms are selected based on their suitability for the data characteristics and problem requirements and trained using MATLAB. After training, the model will receive real-time feedback from the energy management ECU based on collected parameters. Using this feedback the model decides the power distribution between the internal combustion engine and battery. Results, including metrics like mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) regarding fuel consumption and overall fuel consumption rates, will be plotted to validate the system’s performance before and after implementing the machine learning model. These results will be plotted on performance graphs to illustrate the improvement achieved.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In conclusion, this article showcases a comprehensive methodology utilizing MATLAB for the development and validation of an adaptive machine learning-based energy management system for hybrid electric vehicles.</div></div>

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Razinkov, M. "THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION (1920-s – 1970-s)." In EXPONENTS OF SOCIAL AGGRESSION: GENERAL HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/esaghd2022_18-22.

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Despite the fact that the study of the civil war was the most important area of interest for Soviet historical science, the causes of the civil war in the Black Earth region were insufficiently understood. The main provisions on the causes of the war were formulated as early as the 1920s-1930s and did not develop further. The content of the civil confrontation in the Black Earth region was considered the class struggle against the kulaks, who found political and military-organizational support from the Socialist-Revolutionaries of all shades, the Mensheviks, as well as officers and non-commissioned officers who spoke out in defense of their land ownership and against the food policy of the Soviet government. At the same time, the position that the internal war, due to local, regional reasons, in the Black Earth region began only in 1920-1921 also turned out to be unreflected.

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Zhang, Yu, and Mitchell Bucklew. "Max Markov Chain." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/639.

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In this paper, we introduce Max Markov Chain (MMC), a novel model for sequential data with sparse correlations among the state variables. It may also be viewed as a special class of approximate models for High-order Markov Chains (HMCs). MMC is desirable for domains where the sparse correlations are long-term and vary in their temporal stretches. Although generally intractable, parameter optimization for MMC can be solved analytically. However, based on this result, we derive an approximate solution that is highly efficient empirically. When compared with HMC and approximate HMC models, MMC combines better sample efficiency, model parsimony, and an outstanding computational advantage. Such a quality allows MMC to scale to large domains where the competing models would struggle to perform. We compare MMC with several baselines with synthetic and real-world datasets to demonstrate MMC as a valuable alternative for stochastic modeling.

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Sutton, Meredith, John Wagner, Cameron Turner, et al. "Exploration of Support Methods for Tradespace Exploration." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0117.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Tradespace exploration (TSE) is an important aspect of the early stages of the design process, in which stakeholders search for the most optimal solutions within a design variable-bounded solution space. This decision-making process requires stakeholders to understand the trade-offs and compromises that may be required to choose a solution. In order for stakeholders to make these decisions appropriately, information must be presented in an efficient manner and should ensure that the trade-offs between solutions are clearly visible. Existing visualizations often struggle to elucidate these trade-offs, and can rapidly become difficult to understand as the dimensionality of the tradespace increases. In this paper, the benefits and drawbacks to these existing methods will be discussed. In addition, this paper will explore potential methods to improve information presentation for TSE, including framing, visual steering, and visualization options. A three-phase study plan is then proposed to determine the effects of implementing these suggested improvements. The three phases of this study include various degrees of technological intervention with regard to how the tradespace is represented, including morphological charts, radar plots, and virtual reality-supported hyper-dimensional plots.</div></div>

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Marinković, Milica. "RAZVITAK FRANCUSKE ADVOKATURE U XIX VEKU." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.1067m.

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The paper is dedicated to the development of advocacy in France throughout history, and special attention is paid to the struggle of lawyers to repair the damage caused to their position by the Bourgeois Revolution. The goals of the legal struggle were fully achieved in the period of the Third Republic, rightly called the "Republic of Lawyers", when they took over the legislative and executive power. French lawyers, especially in the 19th century, were often real political dissidents. With their work as a politival opposition, they redefined the relationship between the state and society and set a clear border of state power, all of which enabled the easier emergence of a liberal constitutional monarchy, and then a republic. Due to the constant opposition activities in the courtroom, the lawyers demonstrated in the best possible way how closely law and politics stand in each state. In the introductory chapter of the paper, the author gives an overview of the historical development of advocacy from the Frankish period to the Revolution itself. During the Old Regime, lawyers enjoyed the status of "secular clergy" and, although members of the Third Class, were an unavoidable political factor in absolutist France. The second chapter contains an analysis of the devastating impact of the Revolution on the legal profession and timid attempts to improve the position of the legal profession with the advent of the Restoration. The third chapter provides an overview of the period from 1830 to 1870, which was characterized by the increasingly serious interference of lawyers in politics in order to fight for the advancement of the profession. The chapter on the Third Republic talks about the successful outcome of the lawyer's fight for their own rights, and the final chapter talks about the tendencies in the French legal profession in the 20th century.

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Reports on the topic "Class struggle"

1

Gorton, Gary, and Frank A. Schmid. Class Struggle Inside the Firm: A Study of German Codetermination. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2000.025.

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Gorton, Gary, and Frank Schmid. Class Struggle Inside the Firm: A Study of German Codetermination. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7945.

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Eley IV, T. C., John L. King, Kalle Lyytinen, and Jeffrey V. Nickerson. SAE J3016 as a Learning Device for the Driving Automation Community: Technical, Socio-technical, and Systemic Learning. SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/epr2024029.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">It is the tenth anniversary of SAE International’s Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice effort SAE J3016 to establish a nomenclature standard for driving automation systems and levels of automation. While not exhaustive, this report covers motivation, initiation, and continued development of J3016 regarding driving automation systems, noting that J3016 evolved as a learning device that facilitated the evolution of driving automation systems. It initially worked by establishing common terminology for the technical learning in the field, but over time, J3016 expanded to recognize the human roles in driving automation systems, with later iterations considering broader transportation ecosystems, including fleet operations and remote assistance centers.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>SAE J3016 as a Learning Device for the Driving Automation Community: Technical, Socio-technical, and Systemic Learning</b> emphasizes ongoing learning to integrate diverse insights about technical, social, and socio-technical challenges of driving automation systems. It also addresses briefly the struggle to accommodate hybrid visions of driving automation systems. It provides a brief history and describes how J3016 changed over time to reflect and support driving automation community learning as lessons for driving automation, whether focused on-road or off-road, concluding with a summary of driving automation challenges and tasks.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

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Schwartz, William Alexander. The Rise of the Far Right and the Domestication of the War on Terror. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.62762.

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Today in the United States, the notion that ‘the rise of the far right’ poses the greatest threat to democratic values, and by extension, to the nation itself, has slowly entered into common sense. The antecedent of this development is the object of our study. Explored through the prism of what we refer to as the domestication of the War on Terror, this publication adopts and updates the theoretical approach first forwarded in Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State, the Law and Order (Hall et al. 1978). Drawing on this seminal work, a sequence of three disparate media events are explored as they unfold in the United States in mid-2015: the rise of the Trump campaign; the release of an op-ed in The New York Times warning of a rise in right-wing extremsim; and a mass shooting at a historic African American church in Charleston, South Carolina. By the end of 2015, as these disparate events converge into what we call the public face of the rise of the far right phenomenon, we subsequently turn our attention to its origins in policing and the law in the wake of the global War on Terror and the Great Recession. It is only from there, that we turn our attention to the poltical class struggle as expressed in the rise of 'populism' on the one hand, and the domestication of the War on Terror on the other, and in doing so, attempt to situate the role of the rise of the far right phenomenon within it.

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Tadros, Mariz, Sofya Shabab, and Amy Quinn-Graham. Violence and Discrimination Against Women of Religious Minority Backgrounds in Iraq. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.025.

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This volume is part of the Intersections series which explores how the intertwining of gender, religious marginality, socioeconomic exclusion and other factors shape the realities of women and men in contexts where religious inequalities are acute, and freedom of religion or belief is compromised. This volume looks at these intersections in the context of Iraq. Its aim is to amplify the voices of women (and men) whose experiences of religious otherisation have accentuated the impact of the intersections of gender, class, geography and ethnicity. At time of publication, in December 2022, the country is going through a particularly turbulent phase, prompting some to wonder why now? Isn’t it bad timing to focus on the experiences of minorities, let alone inter- and intra-gender dynamics? Iraq is caught in the middle of geo-strategic struggles of tectonic proportions but this is all the more reason to understand the dynamics of micro-politics through a gender-sensitive lens. Doing so sheds light on the interface between global, regional and local power struggles in tangible and concrete ways.

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Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.

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This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.

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Ogunbire, Abimbola, Panick Kalambay, Hardik Gajera, and Srinivas Pulugurtha. Deep Learning, Machine Learning, or Statistical Models for Weather-related Crash Severity Prediction. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2320.

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Nearly 5,000 people are killed and more than 418,000 are injured in weather-related traffic incidents each year. Assessments of the effectiveness of statistical models applied to crash severity prediction compared to machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques (DL) help researchers and practitioners know what models are most effective under specific conditions. Given the class imbalance in crash data, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique for nominal (SMOTE-N) data was employed to generate synthetic samples for the minority class. The ordered logit model (OLM) and the ordered probit model (OPM) were evaluated as statistical models, while random forest (RF) and XGBoost were evaluated as ML models. For DL, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and TabNet were evaluated. The performance of these models varied across severity levels, with property damage only (PDO) predictions performing the best and severe injury predictions performing the worst. The TabNet model performed best in predicting severe injury and PDO crashes, while RF was the most effective in predicting moderate injury crashes. However, all models struggled with severe injury classification, indicating the potential need for model refinement and exploration of other techniques. Hence, the choice of model depends on the specific application and the relative costs of false negatives and false positives. This conclusion underscores the need for further research in this area to improve the prediction accuracy of severe and moderate injury incidents, ultimately improving available data that can be used to increase road safety.

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