Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classement et évaluation des étudiants'
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Prokofieva, Victoria. "Rôle des facteurs émotionnels dans le processus d’enseignement-apprentissage : stress de l’évaluation scolaire et son influence sur la performance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0117.
Full textThe discussions on evaluation at school have been topical in the educational and academic community (Rey & Feyfant, 2014). Evaluating settings create a « test results pressure » and many studies report a constant fear which student feel in relation to such a pressure. Previous research reveals that assessments situations are the major source of school anxiety and stress in most western countries. Besides the important health and mental problem, ce stress may produce a negative effect on school results. The research question we try to find the answer is: if evaluations and assessments are a source of stress in young scholar students and if yes, in what way do they interfere with cognitive performance in situations of knowledge restitution.We conducted an experimental study in a real school context (n=126 students). We used the methodology and procedures of experimental psychology and neurosciences. The results of both experiments show that assessment situations are very stressful for the students of this age (11-12 y.o.). Even if the general performance was not much altered by the stress, the number of correct answers on very difficult pictures was inferior under stress. The girls were more stressed by the evaluating context, the boys were more affected by response time constraints. These results raise doubts as to whether an assessment context allows young school children to fully access to their personal resources and to show their real performance. One can doubt what is exactly assessed during evaluation: the true level of acquisition of school knowledge by students or, rather, their capacity to cope with stress induced by the evaluative pressure to perform well
Krupa, Sophie. "Réussites et échecs à l'université : analyse théorique et empirique." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10003.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to bring some new elements tht may enrich the analysis of successes and failures in a higher education program. To this end, we started from the traditional economic theory, first from the individual point of view, then from the educational organisational point of view. To analyse the internal effectiveness of a higher education system, we do need to take into account both the demand that applies to this system (what does motive a student to work ?) and the conditions in which the student progresses within this system (what are the characteristics of the educational supply ?). After being interested in some empiric problems, we propose some analytic tools that permit to characterise an educational program. This leads to distinguish two selection processes : the "grouped selection" and the "distributed selection". A formalisation in terms of game theory shows why it is the second model that exists today in the open university sector. An econometric study of the success of students cohorts in three programs of the university of social sciences of toulouse permits then to test some implications of the theoretical analysis
Younes, Nathalie. "L’effet évaluation de l’enseignement supérieur par les étudiants." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29032.
Full textIn the changing University environment, Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) is a critical threshold of the necessary evolution of Higher Education. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of the SET on the educational system. We have investigated the effects of introducing a computerised SET system into a French University. The results highlight several paradoxes which have been amplified by the computerization and availability of the system on the Internet. The system has increased access to information, sometimes leading to improvement in teaching, but it has also provoked inertia and resistance reflecting the institutional ambiguity which oscillates between administrative formality, formative evaluation and/or control procedures. The introduction of a formative based SET system was not sufficient enough to make the teaching evolve from an individual based system – in which both the teaching methods and the student evaluation criteria are not necessarily clarified – to a new one based on clearly formulated objectives, methods, and on a collective approach of teaching. The SET system has not been supported by the required pedagogical resources needed to favour such a transformation. Measuring the threshold that the SET represents is to measure the “evaluation effect”, in other words, the difficult transitions which would lead to an in depth transformation of the system if this threshold is crossed
Sembel, Nicolas. "Le travail et le métier : les étudiants et leurs études dans les filières générales des universités de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21001.
Full textDrolet, Michelle. "Monographie du processus de classement des élèves du primaire pour leur passage au secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29247.
Full textMaestracci, Olivier. "Analyse des critères de sélection et de classement des OPCVM : étude théorique et empirique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32003.
Full textValidation of efficiency theory has given place of numerous studies empirical, which have contributed to develop models of performance measure. The analysis of performance and performance persistence allows to judge of value added by active management. We have follow-up three big axes of analysis: The comparison OPCVM with a critical of the models and tools proposed by professionals. We have then look which could being the contributions of analysis multi-factorial to allow us a better representation of the different sources of mutual funds returns. Finally we have constructed a model of selection and classification OPCVM adapted in necessities investors
Navarro, Diaz De Leon Gabriela Ibeth. "L'évaluation des étudiants dans les universités françaises." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100008.
Full textThis thesis proposes giving thougths to the evaluation of the students practised in the French universities. This involves both understanding the functionning of the evaluation systems used in the universities and particularly identifying the specifities of the evaluation practices according to the subject that is taught. Our study relies the analysis of the statements of 33 teachers whose subjects are included among 11 subjects taught in 11 universities. The speeches give a lighting on the particular situations of the teachers and their identity of appraisers. For the whole of the teachers, the discipline, the statute, the basic training, the working conditions, the activities, the level of responsibility can appreciably condition the practices of evaluation, especially as teaching freedom constitutes one of the characteristics of the profession
Hart, Sylvie Ann. "La dynamique décisionnelle et relationnelle du classement des élèves dans la stratification scolaire d'une école polyvalente." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29266.
Full textKim, Sun Ae. "L'évaluation de l'efficience des bibliothèques universitaires et leur effet sur le travail des étudiants à l'université." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33022.
Full textBouzid, Nabil. "Formation universitaire et préparation des étudiants à l'emploi : enquête à l'université de Constantine (Algérie)." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131019.
Full textThe present study is concerned with the evaluation of the efficiency of students preparation to employment in Algeria. Our preparatory work and our analysis of available research have allowed us to identify a "set of dimensions" which we have used as "principal axes" of our survey questionnaires. Within each of these dimensions we have specified the principal "strategies and activities" stated by the international actual research as necessary to be implemented by all university courses, which ever is the domain of study, in order to improve the efficiency of students preparation to a permanently changing labour market under the impact of the rapid scientific and technological evolution. The results of the study showed the inefficiency of the evaluated university courses in relation to their mission of students preparation to employment. Some proposals and suggestions were made in the light of the research main results
Assié, Francette. "La formation universitaire : étude des relations entre les structures des unités d'enseignement et les caractéristiques personnelles des étudiants." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20003.
Full textFerhat, Fouad. "Une analyse économique de la qualité et de l'efficience des universités et des systèmes universitaires : une comparaison au niveau international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E040/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to economically analyze the quality and efficiency of universities and university systems at an international level of comparison, by using input/output indicators and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter entitled "university rankings: a critical perspective" presents and evaluates the relevance of inputs/outputs indicators used by most university rankings. It is the opportunity to present a number of criticisms found in the literature and focus on a common methodological problem in the rankings. It is the use of inputs as measures of university quality. This practice confuses means and results and ignores the basic concepts of accounting models in terms of production functions and efficiency. The second chapter entitled "characteristics and rankings of universities : around some factors that can explain the differences in performance between universities", compares the results of two rankings: QS-Times and Shanghai and offers a list of factors that may explain why there are such differences in quality, according to these rankings between universities. [...] The third chapter entitled "performance and efficiency of universities and their determinants: an evaluation using world university rankings and DEA methodology" evaluates on the basis of a DEA methodology the efficiency of 214 universities from 13 different countries, in order to find if the top ranked universities among traditional rankings are also universities that best utilize their financial and human resources. [...] The fourth chapter titled "efficiency of university systems in 35 countries and its determinants: an assessment by DEA methodology and the calculation of Malmquist indices (2006-2012)" assesses the efficiency and performance of university systems of 35 countries. It offers new scores for overall efficiency that complement the first two studies on this topic in the literature by Agasisti (2011) and St.Aubyn et al (2009). Compared to the article of Agasisti (2011), we identify five new developments in our study : the sample is higher (35 countries instead of 18), the observation period is updated, the evolution of efficiency between two periods is calculated, the number of inputs and outputs incorporated into each model is higher and a specific model for evaluating the efficiency of research is proposed. Our study confirms the thesis that the university systems of Switzerland and the United Kingdom are the most efficient. It also shows based on the calculations of Malmquist indices between 2006 and 2012 that teaching efficiency of 35 reviewed university systems has a tendency of declining while the research efficiency and that of attractivity-reputation is rather increasing. This allows a better assessment of the impact of reforms inspired by the Shanghai ranking on university systems. These reforms led the academic staff of universities to abandon their focus on teaching in favor of research activities
Gaillot, Bernard-André. "Evaluer en arts plastiques : de l'approche des problèmes et des mécanismes de l'évaluation en matière d'éducation plastique aux questionnements pédagogiques qu'elle suscite." Lyon 2, 1987. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1987/gaillot_ba.
Full textStarting from the established fact of the disparity of judgment in art fields and taking its stand on the recent knowledge in matters of docimology and psychology of aesthetics, the present work aims at a better understanding of the mecanisms of assessment in school art productions. The first stage of the research is founded on the observation of simulated operations and helps to identify some of the systematic determinants of evaluation of art works and proposes a specific explanatory schema. The second stage tries to draw a lesson from the observations themselves. It then wonders about the conditions of a better assessment and its consequences - whether they be educational or institutional - insofar as the specific characters that have been defined cast doubt on any solution that would class art teaching as the so-called fundamental school subjects
Almahmoud, Mohamed. "Le traitement des erreurs des élèves dans la formation des enseignants de mathématiques du second degré." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2015/document.
Full textTeachers training is still a crucial and persistent topic since the needs of students and teachers are constantly growing day by day. ln addition, students' errors especially in mathematics increase over time and dealing with these errors requires acquiring efficient competence through teacher training. The aim of the thesis is to investigate how to train future mathematics teachers on dealing with students'errors and how to improve this training in trainee practices environment. Consequently, we are interested in different essential elements in the training, such as the primary knowledge or training knowledge transmitted by the trainers to the trainees, and the strategies or situations implemented and so forth. ln order to study these elements, different analysis grids are established to be implemented by trainers and trainees in classroom settings. These analysis tools displayed the conclusion that the effects of training observed on trainee practices concerning the question of errors are not significant
Le, Levier Hélène. "Mise en œuvre et perception de l'orthographe française chez des élèves de collège et des étudiants de sections de technicien supérieur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAL008/document.
Full textNowadays, the omnipresence of written communication and digital development increase social needs for spelling skills in French-speaking countries. Several studies showed a level decrease, especially in grammatical morphology. Then we note a discrepancy between social needs for written production and French pupils’ skills. In our thesis, we investigate secondary school pupils’ spelling skills, with respect to performance, reasoning and perception of spelling social status. Given published studies, we make the following hypotheses : 1/ the most acute difficulties are concentrated in verbs and adjectives morphology ; 2/ pupils’ graphical procedures aren’t always compatible with written French morphosyntactic system ; 3/ given that the pupils grew up in France, their perception of spelling social status is consistent with observations in the rest of the population.French pupils are supposed to master French spelling at the beginning of senior secondary school. In practice, spelling isn’t actually taught after the fourth grade of secondary school in France. Therefore, our double investigation focus on two groups of pupils : from fourth grade of secondary school and from advanced technicien sections (STS) in short superior studies. We aimed to estimate their spelling performance and to establish which morphographic problems are the most difficult for them. For this purpose, we gathered 735 dictations from secondary school pupils and 178 from STS students. We completed this data with 135 interviews from secondary school pupils and 65 from STS students. These interviews fulfill two different goals : to establish which graphical procedures pupils use to solve their spelling problems and to investigate their perception of spelling.Our results confirm our hypotheses and enable us to refine them. Interviewed pupils’ knowledge of morphosyntaxic aspects in French is often insufficient to solve French difficulties, especially when syntax strays from the simplest pattern or in particularly complex cases like the past participle agreement. The analysis of the procedures used by the pupils in order to solve the difficulties shows that pupils don’t assimilate a part of the academic grammatical vocabulary. This suggests an investigation about the efficiency of current teaching methods. However, these difficulties to implement spelling standard are connected to a strong support of spelling social value. Some interviewed pupils say that they attach great importance to correct spelling and make every effort to respect it. However most of them declare that they adapt their degree of attention to the context. Very few assure never to worry about correct spelling. Therefore, almost all of them admit the necessity of writing according to spelling standard in some social contexts, which vary depending on their age. Nethertheless, spelling is linked with rather different values in their perception. Some of them reproduce very conservative positions but a greater part is open to a reflexion about language which doesn’t exclude spelling reform
Escorcia, Dyanne. "Composantes métacognitives et performance à l’écrit : une approche sociocognitive du travail étudiant." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100063.
Full textThis dissertation explores the metacognitive processes that students bring to the task of producing written work. Our central hypothesis is that the writers who produce better-quality texts are also those who make better and more sustained use of their metacognitive thought processes. The concept of metacognition is developed based on the work of J. Flavell (1977) and Bandura's social cognitive theory. Methodologically speaking, we used a combination of qualitative (interviews) and quantitative approaches (questionnaires). The results obtained are correlated with a measure of written performance. The main supposition of the research is relativized. By shedding light on the central role of metaknowledge and planning strategies, our thesis solves the question of those elements most associated with performance
Wagret, Laure. "Étude de l'impact d'un outil de calibration des évaluations des étudiants dans l'enseignement de l'endodontie au premier cycle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69818.
Full textIntroduction: Clinicians at the Faculty of Dentistry of Laval University use a detailed rubric for scoring endodontic treatments performed by students. Despite this, grading inconsistencies among faculty members was observed. Aim: Create and validate an online calibration tool for clinical evaluations in endodontics. Method: The first phase of the project consisted of creating the calibration tool on a web platform. The second phase was the analysis of the effectiveness of this tool. Sixteen participants performed a pre-calibration test (test = assign a score to a sample of 5 endodontic treatments), the calibration process, an immediate post-calibration test and a 2-month post-calibration test. The inter-rater agreement before and after calibration was evaluated using the intra-class coefficient (ICC). In addition, the difference between the gold standard and the participant's score was assessed before and after calibration using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The ICC of all groups combined showed a low inter-rater agreement (ICC = 0.390) in pre-calibration and moderate agreement in post-calibration (ICC immediate post-calibration = 0.625; ICC 2-month postcalibration = 0.533). The ANOVA showed a significant difference between the adjusted mean of absolute differences (?Gold standard grades - Participant grades?) before calibration ( pre = 0.6445 ± 0.0726, p < 0.05) and in immediate post-calibration ( post-1 = 0.4908 ± 0.0726, p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the adjusted means of the pre-calibration test and the post-calibration test at 2 months ( post-2 = 0.4908 ± 0.0726) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the calibration tool improved the inter-rater reliability immediately after application, but this agreement was not maintained over time.
Simoneau, Ivan L. "Éducation pour la santé, évaluation des connaissances et détermination des connaissances erronées chez des étudiants du collégial." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26738.pdf.
Full textPépin, Audrey. "Évaluation de la qualité des notes prises par des étudiants universitaires dans les modes numérique et manuscrit." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67002.
Full textCette étude s’est intéressée à la prise de notes (PDN), outil d’apprentissage très important dont le processus permet la mémorisation et l’appropriation des informations et le produit, la constitution d’une mémoire externe (pour mémorisation ultérieure), chez les étudiants universitaires. Elle s’est plus spécifiquement intéressée aux notes prises dans les modes numérique et manuscrit, ce qui est d’actualité, car la mise en place du Plan d’action numérique en éducation et en enseignement supérieur depuis 2018 implique en effet une utilisation plus grande du numérique dans les classes (Gouvernement du Québec, 2019). Or, cette intégration du numérique suppose une interaction entre l’apprenant et la technologie (Li & Pow, 2011), ce qui signifie que le numérique pourrait avoir une incidence sur la façon dont les apprenants prennent leurs notes. Il s’impose alors d’analyser les habitudes de PDN des apprenants dans les modes manuscrit et numérique ainsi que l’incidence de ces façons de prendre les notes sur la qualité des notes et sur la performance. Pour ce faire, il faut notamment trouver un moyen d’évaluer la qualité de la PDN réalisée dans les deux modes. Les écrits scientifiques révèlent que des notes de qualité reflètent la macrostructure (MS) du discours source (DS), c’est-à-dire qu’elles sont organisées de façon claire et que les relations entre les idées principales et secondaires sont bien définies (Williams & Eggert, 2002). Afin d’évaluer la qualité des notes, nous avons élaboré une grille mettant en parallèle la MS d’un DS et celle des notes. Cette grille nous a permis d’analyser les notes prises dans les deux modes et de mettre ces notes, c’est-à-dire l’organisation et la sélection de leur contenu, en parallèle avec la performance à un examen afin de voir si la façon dont les apprenants prennent des notes dans les deux modes a un lien avec la performance à un examen.
Joutard, Thierry. "Evaluer les stagiaires en formation par alternance : la situation des étudiants en soins infirmiers." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267726.
Full textMonfort, Valérie. "Les étudiants de première année à l'université et le travail scolaire : l'exemple de deux filières : Sciences et AES." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0076.
Full textIt is well known fact that since the sixties the failure rate at the end of the first year in french university has been high. Failures concern both science students who have heretofore had good academic results and those who enrol in the economics faculty (AES) who have, on the contrary, had limited success. This failure within the two first years can partly be explained by working conditions. We intend to explain this phenomenon by analysing how students adapt to the working situation to which they are confronted in their first year at university. The method is based upon long time fieldwork observing students in four universities enrolled in the science and economics department (AES)
Almrtdi, Mustafa. "L' évaluation du cours d'anglais pour les étudiants des facultés d'agriculture en Libye. Etude de cas : la faculté d'agriculture à l'université d'Al-Fateh, Tripoli." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML010.
Full textThe @Libyan University students at the faculties of agriculture at Al-Fateh University, who have passed a two years ESP course, remain unable to use English effectively in their academic study. This shortcoming may be attributed to more than one factor, including : teacher performance, the learners themselves, the designated syllabus, the methods of teaching or to all these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the ESP course (for the faculty of agriculture) by investigating the reasons behind the ineffectiveness of the ESP course. This evaluation process covers : the teachers performance, the learners, the designated syllabus and methods of teaching applied. This study is conducted on a sample of students and a sample of the English language teachers at the faculties of agriculture. The designated syllabus and the methodology applied in teaching are also investigated by means of class observations, and questionnaires addressing both teachers and students. The questionnaires cover the needs of the learners and their motivation, the syllabus, and the methodology
Jiao, Yang. "Analyse et évaluation de la Motivation des étudiants chinois apprenant le français à l’Université Normale de Changchun : étude de pratiques." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG0991/document.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the circumstances of the change in the motivations of Chinese students of french. After the historical description of the development of the teaching of french and teaching french in China, we focus on the analysis the issue that affects the quality of the french language instruction: the motivation of the taught. The special feature of this research is the application of motivational approaches in acquiring the third language (ATL) for the first time in the Chinese context of the teaching of french. As a result of the adaptation of the model AMTB of Gardner, 184 questions were question Bank for the random production of the investigation. We have selected a Chinese public University as place of empirical research and three passages for monitoring the change in motivation: at the beginning of the semester (starting point), before the end of the semester and after the holidays. More than 180 students of the french department participated in this series of surveys. In the form of a quantitative comparison, summarizes the motivational influence of natural, educational and family factors such as the sexe of students, the family situation, the preparation of the french course, the role of class and the reguliar evaluation system to better understand the internal logic of the change in motivation in acquisition of french
Kennel, Sophie. "Pratiques et compétences informationnelles des étudiants dans les espaces de formation en ligne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG018/document.
Full textCrossing studies on college academic achievement, information literacy and digital culture, the proposed case study questions the relationship between distance learning and students information practices and information literacy. An initial survey has identified academic and sociological profiles of students who are enrolled in a program offered by the University of Strasbourg to help them succeed in their curricula. Other surveys and tests were conducted to know the information practices of these students in online learning contexts and evaluate their skills entering and exiting the program. The results show that our population does not fit the profile of student failure. Moreover, our conclusions support our hypothesis about poverty information practices in e-learning and lack of expert skills in this area despite several courses followed by these students
Jhean-Larose, Sandra. "L'acquisition de connaissances à partir de textes en fonction des structures de connaissances et de croyances initiales des apprenants." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080838.
Full textThe first part of the thesis groups together five theoretical chapters who introduce the different concepts and theoretical fields of the cognitive semantics to which this approach is tied: the central notion of representation for cognitive sciences, the organisation of these mental representations, the theoretical distinction beetween knowledges and beliefs as well as field of the acquisition of knowledge. The second part of the thesis groups together four experimentations. The first experiment analyses the acquisition of knowledge on the starting system in varying presentation modes (texts vs. Texts + drawing), the semantic coherence of the texts (causal vs. Teleological) and the level of students' expertise. The indicators used are a little demanding in terms of recovering in memory information as opposed to those to will be selected in experiment 2, where free recall is set up. The experiment 3 aims to knowing the mode of organisation of type representations with different levels of expertise. For ths reason, the priming paradigm is used. The experiment 4 is an exploration of state of knowledges beliefs of subjects on the field. The coherence of the field is observed on the one hand inside of individual's model and, on the other hand with reference to the theoretical coherence of the field determined by experimenter
El, Balaa Ziad. "Modélisation d'un campus numérique : intégration des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans l'enseignement en faculté de médecine et évaluation auprès des étudiants." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1B095.
Full textSaleh, Dalia. "Santé mentale et gestion du stress chez des étudiants à l’université : mise en place et évaluation d’un programme de gestion du stress par internet." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100024/document.
Full textContext: University students are the most affected by stress, psychological distress and their consequences (physical and mental). They are more vulnerable to mental disorders than the general population and other students because of the many changes and responsibilities that come with studying at the university. On the one hand, this thesis aims to better understand the psychological ill being of university students, and on the other hand, to look at ways to face this problem.Format of the thesis: This thesis is articulated in two axes. The first focuses on the evaluation of mental health, including stress, among a sample of university students (Part I: Mental Health among University Students: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Studies). The second focuses on the development and the evaluation of a stress management intervention for these students (Part II: Students Stress Management: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Studies). For each, a review of the literature on the concepts studied, as well as a review of empirical studies, was conducted in the form of articles (published or in progress). The purpose of this dissertation is therefore dual and is articulated around ten articles;Conclusion: Despite some limitations, our results constitute new and promising contributions on stress management online for university students. This proposal for an intervention online could be particularly aimed at students who do not consult
Laforge, Marceline. "L'influence de l'évaluation formative appliquée par les pairs sur l'apprentissage des critères du placement fondamental en danse classique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29248.
Full textKuoy, Sophinea. "Développement et évaluation d'un outil de schématisation des concepts applicable à la lecture de textes scientifiques par les étudiantes et étudiants universitaires en sciences de la santé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ61776.pdf.
Full textAzimi, Mastoura. "La didactique de l’écrit en FLE dans le contexte afghan : Enjeux et perspectives : Le cas des étudiants afghans de l’université de Kaboul." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2003.
Full textThis aim of this research was to study the writing didactics of French as a foreign language (FLE) in the Afghan context. The study was conducted through the written work of Afghan students group from the French Department of Kabul University. The teaching of French language with more than a century antiquity is retaken and practiced at several centres in Kabul as well as in some provinces. Furthermore, at university level, the French Department, which is one of 10 departments of literature faculty of Kabul University, is engaged with teaching of French language for over 50 years to the Afghan students. Indeed, the elements of traditional learning culture with old ideas, and customs all together impact negatively the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the teaching process is significantly suffered from weaknesses. Another concern is the reluctance of students to the new teaching methodology proposals. Considering the students socio-cultural background, linguistic abilities, religious beliefs, ethnic and geographical origin, to name a few, how as a teacher of FLE, we can promote an effective French language teaching approach? How we can participate in the cultural opening of students through our teaching? What are the factors that strongly influence the initial language level of our students? Subsequently, what are the factors that influence their learning? These questions are arising from the following major question: how to improve the teaching / learning of written French in order to maximize students’ benefits of the French Department? In order to address to these issues, we have based our entire study on a detailed observation of learning context, learners 'profile and learners' productions, at all levels of the French Department's curriculum of Kabul University. In addition, we are searching to determine which strategy could we adopt to move forward the Afghan students towards better writing correction?
Najar, Ridha. "Effet des choix institutionnels d'enseignement sur les possibilités d'apprentissage des étudiants : cas des notions ensemblistes fonctionnelles dans la transition secondaire/supérieur." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070032.
Full textRelying on the anthropological theory of didactics, our doctoral thesis aims at understanding the difficulties raised by the teaching and learning of set-theoretical notions in the secondary/tertiary transition in Tunisia, and at finding ways of overcoming these difficulties. First, a study of institutional relationships to these notions in secondary and tertiary institutions allows us to show the existence of breaches in praxeological environments and dysfunctioning of these. Then, the analysis of students' answers to diagnostic and evaluation tests allows us to elucidate the difficulties they meet and to measure their résistance to standard teaching practices. Finally, the analysis of a didactical engineering developed for overcoming these difficulties shows substantial progress regarding the use of knowledge and the exploitation of semiotic resources but also the persistence of difficulties when the mathematical symbolism becomes more complex or when students must take into account the specificities of the linear setting in the work with functional objects
Fatihi, Mohamed. "Les effets du feedback sur la correction et la prise de conscience par les étudiants de leurs difficultés d'apprentissage, dans une approche autocorrective." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29393.
Full textBoucher, Danielle. "Développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention ciblée visant à promouvoir la consommation de légumes et de fruits chez des collégiens au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30033/30033.pdf.
Full textThe background for this project is the promotion of health. It aims at the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention promoting the daily consumption of at least five servings of vegetables and fruits, by college students. The first step consisted in the identification of the determinants of the intention to consume at least five daily servings of vegetables and fruits, during three months, for 385 students from two Québec CEGEP establishments. The framework for this study was Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (1991), three constructs from other theoretical models being included. Within a correlation device, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 75 % of the variance pertaining to intention was explained by the following factors: perception of control, perceived importance of facilitators and barriers, and attitude. Another 4 % of the variance for intention was accounted for by added variables. Logistic regression analyses allowed the identification of the beliefs that could be used to structure the educational intervention. The second step was the development and implementation of an intervention based on the identified determinants, with an experimental group during one school semester. Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok & Gottlieb’s (2006) intervention mapping protocol, comprising six steps, was the procedure followed. Finally, a quasi experimental pretest postest device was used in evaluating the effects of this intervention (n = 344). The results obtained through a logistic regression analysis showed a significant 15 % increase in the number of participants exposed to the intervention reaching the prescribed goal of a daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, compared those in the control group (p=0.0219). A covariance analysis reveals a significant effect (p< 0.05) of the intervention on all of the psychosocial variables. Mediation analyses reveal that the effects observed can be attributed to the selected constructs. To conclude, the implementation of an intervention structured according to this model has resulted in the increase of the number of participants reaching the daily consumption goal of fruits and vegetables. A significant change in the determinants associated with the consumption behaviour was also observed. Future interventions with Québec college students on this behavior could successfully follow this procedure.
Doucet, Patrick. "L'évaluation en question." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD976.
Full textBerthaud, Julien. "L’intégration sociale étudiante : relations et effets au sein des parcours de réussite en Licence." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH021/document.
Full textSince 1970’s and 1980’s, educational research reveals the importance of interactional process in the explanation of student careers, especially with Tinto’s work (1975), by demonstrating the significant influence of social integration on student persistence in university. However, the effects on students’ academic success are rarely explored. Moreover, there is no consensus on the conceptualization of this explanatory factor since it shows different dimensions of social integration. From data collected from 1365 students enrolled in 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of common “Licence”, this research proposes firstly to improve measurement of student social integration as a multidimensional concept. Then the sources and conditions of social integration are examined through the influence of contextual, institutional and individual factors. In this context, the transversal skills are considered as an illustration of student social abilities, among others. Statistical analyses show that students have different needs for social integration, depending on their age, gender and reasons for study. First, the academic context defines the opportunities offered to students for social integration. Moreover, it appears that some skills related to emotional management and collaboration turn into resources that promote social integration. Results lead to identify four different profiles of student social integration in “Licence” course. Lastly, questions arise about the role of social integration and transversal skills in student careers and factors of student achievement. Our results reveal that student social integration has a raw and positive effect on the probability of success and performances, through academic interactions and feeling of integrating. When the classical factors of student achievement are taking into account, the influence of social integration appears to be weak or lost. Only the feeling of integrating reduces the risk of student drop-outs. On the other hand, the transversal skills including the taste for work and the self-confidence prove to be powerful predictors of students' success and performances. While student social integration doesn’t seem to be a key factor with mediating effects on academic achievement, it appears to be another feature of student success profiles. Moreover, student social integration produces indirect effect on performances through academic commitment
Eisele-Henderson, Alice. "La Lecture de textes en anglais langue étrangère chez des étudiants en sociologie : implications didactiques d'une perspective socio-cognitive." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAML006.
Full textBeaulieu, Dagenais Dominique. "Le risque de transmission d’agents infectieux en cabinet dentaire : une étude transversale sur les connaissances et attitudes des patients et des étudiants de dernière année de médecine dentaire du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66594.
Full textWorldwide, negative attitudes still remain from dentists, students or patients concerningpeople infected with blood borne pathogens (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis Bvirus and hepatitis C virus). Furthermore, there is no actual study from Quebec or any recentCanadian study regarding this topic. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towardthe risk of transmission of infections in dentistry and to see if an association exists betweenthese variables. The studied population was patients and senior year dental students fromQuebec. Methods: Distinct questionnaires were developed from those used in other similarstudies. The questionnaires included closed-ended questions and Likert-type scaleevaluations of agreement with statements. Sixty-nine senior year dental students fromUniversity of Montreal and Laval University (participation rate of 56.6 %) and one hundredforty-two patients from the Multidisciplinary Residency Program of Laval University wereincluded in the study. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the studied population andthe possible associations between variables were analyzed using the Spearman correlation,the Wilcoxon Test as well as the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results: The students’ knowledgeand the patients’ knowledge were both limited and negative attitudes were expressed by17.4 % of the students and 41.8 % of the patients. There was no significant statisticalassociation between the knowledge and the attitudes of the students (p > 0,05). However,there was for the patients (p < 0,05). Conclusions: In the limit of this cross-sectional study,the knowledge of the students did not affect their attitudes while the knowledge of thepatients did. Educational efforts are needed to enhance and increase the knowledge of bothpatients and students about the risk of transmission of infections in dental settings.
Odu, Omola Mercy. "L'évaluation de la compétence discursive plurilingue : le cas des étudiants en FLE au Village Français du Nigéria (VFN)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0173.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of the multilingual competence of third year undergraduate students of French as a foreign language in Nigeria. We also studied the teachers’ perceptions of the students’ essays as well as their assessment practices. To achieve this, we presented the sociolinguistic context of the students, the language policy of Nigeria as well as the place of national and foreign languages in the country. We studied the students’ scripts using textual linguistic and multilingual writing methodologies.The field work took place at the Nigerian French Language Village at Badagry. It was organised in three stages using questionnaires and exploratory interviews with the students and the teachers, and non-participatory observation in the classroom. The main results showed that the students have their perceptions of argumentative writing and multilingual competence. The teachers do not take into account the multilingual competences of the students but focus instead on linguistic content and errors in the scripts. We also observed that the teaching of argumentative writing remains at the theoretical level and unrelated to the students’ experiences and context. Following these observations, we deemed it necessary to propose an assessment grid and a didactic sequence on teaching argumentative essays and its textual features using different text genres. These examples could be useful for both students and teachers
Côté, Marthe. "Étude descriptive des attitudes des enseignants/es de la région 03 à l'égard de la mesure et de l'évaluation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29088.
Full textFarrokhi-Kashani, Mahmoud. "Improving students' performance via relative performance feedback : evidence from three field experiments." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010073.
Full textVachon, Lachiver Élise. "L'utilisation de consignes de rédaction de questions d'examens écrits en médecine et l'effet sur les propriétés psychométriques de celles-ci." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10570.
Full textAbstract : Introduction : The assessment of learners has an undeniable importance in health professions education and the use of written exams is omnipresent, notably in medicine. However, developing high-quality assessment is often a challenge for administrators and exam developers. It is therefore important to identify strategies that could facilitate their work while having a positive impact on the quality of the written exam questions, including the use of guidelines when developing exams. Methodology : We created a list of item-writing guidelines through a rigorous and systematic process. We identified 14 discriminant guidelines. Using a multiple case study, we explored the use of those questions writing guidelines with four exam developers at the preclinical phase of an undergraduate medicine program. A questionnaire was completed and a semi-directed individual interview was carried out before and after the use of guidelines. The units of analysis and comparison were: the quality and psychometric properties of questions pre- and post-use of the guidelines, the acceptability and the use of these guidelines. Results : For all the participants, the written questions respected mostly the instructions of drafting. Although not statistically significant, we observed a slight increase in the coefficient of discrimination among editors who actively used the instructions. Our results suggest that participants’ appropriation of the item-writing guidelines seemed to influence their perception of the usefulness and acceptability of instructions. Conclusion : The results seem to suggest that the use of a narrow list of writting guidelines provides a good strategy for improving the quality of the questions. Exam developers that are better equipped and seem to fully adopt the use of drafting guidelines see the positive impacts on the quality of their questions.
Boucher, Mathieu, and Mathieu Boucher. "L'utilisation de la reprise vidéo comme outil de rétroaction pendant le travail instrumental du guitariste de niveau collégial." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37871.
Full textL’apprentissage d’un instrument de musique requiert de nombreuses heures de travail que le musicien en formation réalise la plupart du temps seul, sans l’aide de son professeur. Les habiletés liées à ce contexte particulier de travail autonome ont été étudiées dans différents domaines d’apprentissage sous le nom d’habiletés d’autorégulation (Cleary et Zimmerman, 2001; Kuo, Walker, Schroder et Belland, 2014; Mega, Ronconi et De Beni, 2014; Zimmerman et Schunk, 2011). La capacité du musicien à s’autoévaluer efficacement et à choisir adéquatement ses stratégies en fonction d’unerétroaction sur son jeu instrumental est un aspect central du travail musical autorégulé (McPherson et Zimmerman, 2002). Toutefois, les efforts engendrés pour exécuter une prestation et la superviser simultanément peuvent s’avérer trop exigeants pour l’apprenant (Winne, 1995). C’est pourquoi Zimmerman (1995) suggère que l’apprenant effectue séparément ces deux tâches en enregistrant d’abord les prestations sur vidéo et en les visionnant ensuite, dans le but de pouvoir porter pleinement son attention sur chacune des deux tâches. À ce jour, peu d’études ont investigué l’utilisation de la reprise vidéo comme outil de rétroaction chez les musiciens. Cette étude doctorale visait donc à vérifier si une réaction réalisée à partir d’une reprise vidéo pouvait influencer certains des procédés cognitifs impliqués dans le travail autorégulé de musiciens en formation. Seize guitaristes inscrits au programme de musique d’une institution collégiale de la province de Québec ont accepté de participer à l’étude. Nous avons attribué aléatoirement les participants à un groupe expérimental (n = 8) et à un groupe contrôle (n = 8); ils devaient tous apprendre la même pièce durant dix séances de travail filmées d’une durée de 20 minutes chacune. Lors de ces séances, tous les participants (n = 16) devaient verbaliser leur pensée privée à voix haute lorsqu’ils s’arrêtaient de jouer. Ensuite, immédiatement après les séances de travail 3, 5, 7 et 9, tous les participants (n = 16) devaient enchainer la pièce ou une partie de la pièce devant la caméra et s’autoévaluer ensuite à voix haute. Puis, juste avant de commencer la séance de travail qui avait lieu après ces quatre enchainements, les participants du groupe expérimental (n = 8) étaient invités à visionner leur prestation sur vidéo et à l’autoévaluer de nouveau à voix haute. Nous avons comparé les commentaires d’autoévaluation formulés par les participants du groupe expérimental à la suite de leurs prestations et à la suite de leurs visionnements afin de vérifier s’ils s’étaient autoévalués différemment à la suite de leurs visionnements. Puis, nous avons comparé les verbalisations formulées et les stratégies utilisées par les participants des deux groupes pendant leurs séances de travail de la pièce. Nous voulions vérifier ici si les participants ayant visionné leurs prestations s’étaient autoévalués différemment et avaient adopté des stratégies différentes durant ces séances que les participants n’ayant pas visionné leurs prestations. Parmi les principaux résultats obtenus, il apparaît que les participants ayant eu accès à la rétroaction vidéo ont évalué des aspects différents de leur jeu instrumental après le visionnement de leur prestation enregistrée, comparativement à l’autoévaluation réalisée immédiatement après leur prestation. Les aspects mentionnés lors de la reprise vidéo étaient davantage orientés sur la position de leurs mains, sur l’interprétation et l’exécution instrumentale en général, alors que les aspects ayant trait aux étapes d’apprentissage de la pièce et au déroulement de leur prestation étaient moins fréquents. Par ailleurs, il ressort de l’analyse des verbalisations formulées pendant le travail instrumental que les participants du groupe expérimental (n = 8) ont progressivement modifié leur façon de s’autoévaluer au fil des séances de travail, entre autres en émettant moins de commentaires généraux d’appréciation pour favoriser davantage des commentaires liés à la résolution de problèmes. En outre, ces changements ont été plus importants chez les participants du groupe expérimental (n = 3) classés parmi les plus performants du groupe. Enfin, l’analyse des stratégies utilisées par les participants pendant l’apprentissage de la pièce a démontré que les participants ayant visionné leur prestation (n = 8) ont travaillé à un tempo plus lent lors des premières séances de travail, et ont joué des segments plus longs de l’œuvre plus tôt dans le processus d’apprentissage que ceux n’ayant pas visionné leurs prestations (n = 8).
The learning of a music instrument requires many hours of work that an aspiring musician typically undertakes alone, without the support of his or her teacher. The specific abilities associated with this particular context of autonomous work have been studied in various domains under the lens of self-regulated learning (Cleary & Zimmerman, 2001; Kuo, Walker, Schroder, & Belland, 2014; Mega, Ronconi, & De Beni, 2014; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012). The musician’s capacity to self-evaluate efficiently and to choose the appropriate strategies on the basis of the feedback obtained while playing is a central aspect of self-regulated music learning (McPherson & Zimmerman, 2002). However, the concurrent efforts to perform and monitor the performance at the same time represent a challenge for any learner (Winne, 1995). To solve this issue, Zimmerman (1995) recommends videotaping the performance of the task and watching it afterwards to fully concentrate on each process. Little empirical research has focused on the use of video feedback in the preparation of a musical performance. This doctoral research thus aimed to explore whether the use of video feedback, which we refer in this study as the self-evaluation of video recordings of one’s own performance, could influence some specific cognitive processes implicated in the self-regulated practice of developing musicians. Sixteen guitarists enrolled in a music program in a college in the province of Québec agreed to participate in our study. The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 8) and a control group (n = 8). All participants (n = 16) were asked to learn the same piece of music during ten practice sessions lasting 20 minutes each. During these practice sessions, the participants (n = 16) were asked to think aloud whenever they stopped playing. Immediately after the practices 3, 5, 7 and 9, all participants (n = 16) played the piece or any part they were able to perform while being video recorded, and provided self-evaluation comments afterwards. Before the practice session following each recording, the participants from the experimental group (n = 8) watched their recorded performance and once again provided self-evaluation comments. For this doctoral research, we compared the self-evaluation comments provided by the participants who used video feedback after each performance and after each viewing of the performance in order to verify if they self-evaluated differently after the viewing of the video-recordings of their performances. Afterwards, we compared the group of participants who used video feedback (the experimental group) with those who did not use video feedback (the control group), exploring whether self-regulation, represented by their think-aloud verbalisations and practice strategies, differed. The results revealed that the participants who used video feedback (i.e. the experimental group; n = 8) evaluated different aspects of their playing after the viewing of the video-recorded performances, as compared with their self-evaluations immediately after the performance itself. More specifically, they made more comments about the position of their hand, interpretation and instrumental execution in general, and fewer comments about the performance flow after viewing the video-recorded performances. Concerning the think aloud verbalisations during the practice sessions, the participants in the experimental group (n = 8) modified the way they self-evaluated while practising. More precisely, they made fewer think-aloud comments associated with a general appreciation of the playing and instead made more comments associated with problem solving as they were learning the piece, than the participants in the control group (n = 8). These changes were of a greatest amplitude among the higher-performing participants (i.e. those who had attained the highest grades in their performance examinations) from the experimental group (n = 3). Finally, the analysis of the strategies used by the participants while practising revealed that the participants who used video feedback (n = 8) practised at a slower tempo and played longer segments of the piece earlier in the learning process than the participants who did not use video feedback (n = 8).
The learning of a music instrument requires many hours of work that an aspiring musician typically undertakes alone, without the support of his or her teacher. The specific abilities associated with this particular context of autonomous work have been studied in various domains under the lens of self-regulated learning (Cleary & Zimmerman, 2001; Kuo, Walker, Schroder, & Belland, 2014; Mega, Ronconi, & De Beni, 2014; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012). The musician’s capacity to self-evaluate efficiently and to choose the appropriate strategies on the basis of the feedback obtained while playing is a central aspect of self-regulated music learning (McPherson & Zimmerman, 2002). However, the concurrent efforts to perform and monitor the performance at the same time represent a challenge for any learner (Winne, 1995). To solve this issue, Zimmerman (1995) recommends videotaping the performance of the task and watching it afterwards to fully concentrate on each process. Little empirical research has focused on the use of video feedback in the preparation of a musical performance. This doctoral research thus aimed to explore whether the use of video feedback, which we refer in this study as the self-evaluation of video recordings of one’s own performance, could influence some specific cognitive processes implicated in the self-regulated practice of developing musicians. Sixteen guitarists enrolled in a music program in a college in the province of Québec agreed to participate in our study. The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 8) and a control group (n = 8). All participants (n = 16) were asked to learn the same piece of music during ten practice sessions lasting 20 minutes each. During these practice sessions, the participants (n = 16) were asked to think aloud whenever they stopped playing. Immediately after the practices 3, 5, 7 and 9, all participants (n = 16) played the piece or any part they were able to perform while being video recorded, and provided self-evaluation comments afterwards. Before the practice session following each recording, the participants from the experimental group (n = 8) watched their recorded performance and once again provided self-evaluation comments. For this doctoral research, we compared the self-evaluation comments provided by the participants who used video feedback after each performance and after each viewing of the performance in order to verify if they self-evaluated differently after the viewing of the video-recordings of their performances. Afterwards, we compared the group of participants who used video feedback (the experimental group) with those who did not use video feedback (the control group), exploring whether self-regulation, represented by their think-aloud verbalisations and practice strategies, differed. The results revealed that the participants who used video feedback (i.e. the experimental group; n = 8) evaluated different aspects of their playing after the viewing of the video-recorded performances, as compared with their self-evaluations immediately after the performance itself. More specifically, they made more comments about the position of their hand, interpretation and instrumental execution in general, and fewer comments about the performance flow after viewing the video-recorded performances. Concerning the think aloud verbalisations during the practice sessions, the participants in the experimental group (n = 8) modified the way they self-evaluated while practising. More precisely, they made fewer think-aloud comments associated with a general appreciation of the playing and instead made more comments associated with problem solving as they were learning the piece, than the participants in the control group (n = 8). These changes were of a greatest amplitude among the higher-performing participants (i.e. those who had attained the highest grades in their performance examinations) from the experimental group (n = 3). Finally, the analysis of the strategies used by the participants while practising revealed that the participants who used video feedback (n = 8) practised at a slower tempo and played longer segments of the piece earlier in the learning process than the participants who did not use video feedback (n = 8).
Leclerc, Typhaine. "Parler politique : potentiel et limites des pratiques encadrant le partage de la parole à l'Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27950.
Full textDespite their best intentions, progressive groups contribute to the reproduction of social inequalities within their internal structure. Even in groups using pro-feminist practices intended to manage how speech is shared among participants, there sometimes are blatant inequalities in the voices being heard – or not – depending on gender and other socioeconomic factors. ASSÉ (Association for Solidarity among Student Unions) implements a number of measures to rebalance how speech and power are being shared, including alternating speaking rights between men and women, using a “moodwatcher” during meetings, allowing for non-mixed caucuses, and holding Women’s congresses. I have conducted twelve semi-structured interviews with people who are or have been involved in ASSÉ to better understand how they judge the relevance and effectiveness of these practices. While all of them believe that these measures help amplify women’s voices on an individual level, men and women have different opinions about the transformative and emancipatory potential of these practices. Men tend to highlight these measures’ re-socialization or counter-socialization effects, while women are more likely to point out their limitations. They argue that these measures fail question the gendered division of activist labor that prevails in ASSÉ. Furthermore, the interview data suggest that the costs and benefits associated with these practices are gender differentiated. Although they are designed to promote women's voices, they tend to symbolically and materially benefit to men. Meanwhile, women are responsible for the labor involved in justifying and applying these practices, and, more broadly, for providing feminist analyses within the organization. Women participants lament the fact that this invisible and undervalued work prevents them from concentrating on "political" tasks. I sketch the potential of (pro)feminist speech-sharing practices to demonstrate how conversation is indeed "political" and to hightlight the political nature of the gendered labor of listening, caring and organizing.
Mullen, Anne. "The Impact of Using a Proficiency Test as a Placement Tool: The case of TOEIC." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26672/26672.pdf.
Full textLorenceau, Adrien. "Essays on public policy evaluations in education and development." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0120.
Full textThis thesis is composed of four independent evaluations of public policies. The first chapter assesses the impact of providing loans to students willing to enroll in university in the context of South Africa. It takes advantage of the fact that the loans are granted according to a credit score threshold to estimate the causal impact of loan obtainment based on a regression discontinuity approach. The results indicate that credit constraint is substantial, as it reduces the enrollment rate into higher education by more than 20 percentage points in a population of student loan applicants. The second chapter investigates the impact of mandated political reservation at village councils level for low caste and female candidates on the provision of school inputs. A feature of the selection procedure of reserved constituencies allows to implement a variance of the regression discontinuity design. The results indicate that neither female nor low castes representatives significantly favor the children from their category in terms of provision of school resources in the context of Bihar. The third chapter examines two channels through which the political affiliation of local representatives could affect the allocation of public goods. The allocation could differ because the representatives have different political views. Alternatively, it could be that elected representatives from the ruling party are favored. Using "close elections" comparisons provide quasi-experimental (RD) estimates of both effects on middle school construction. Large positive impacts of political preferences and political favoritism can be statistically rejected. Finally, the last chapter provides quasi-experimental estimates of the impact of a tax credit program targeted at less densely populated areas. .
Lamy, Leandre. "Évaluation des effets d'un programme de mentorat par les pairs sur la pratique d'activité physique et la condition physique de jeunes adultes au collégial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68629.
Full textThe actual portrait of the health behaviours of young adults reveals alarming data about the physical activity level (Colley, Garriguet, Janssen, Craig, Clarke & Tremblay, 2011). To help them adopt increase their physical activity level, it seems appropriate to set up interventions that mobilize the action of their peers (Canadian Institute for Research on Fitness and Lifestyle, 2014; 2015). They seem to give them special importance when the time comes to adopt healthy lifestyle habits (DuBois & Karcher, 2014). Therefore, peer mentoring seems a promising avenue. Although the characteristics of this type of intervention have been documented in the literature, few studies have evaluated its effects in mentees (Sallis, Calfas, Nichols, Sarkin, Johnson, Caparosa, Thomson & Alcaraz, 1999; Boyle, Mattern, Lassister & Ritzler, 2011) and even fewer have done so with mentors (Lubans, Morgan, Aguiar & Callister, 2011). From this perspective, the present study had two objectives: 1) to evaluate the effects of a peer mentoring program in college settings on the practice of physical activity, physical condition, eating behaviours, consumption of fruits and vegetables. and the sense of personal effectiveness of mentees and mentors; 2) explore the moderating role of gender and participants' initial level of physical activity on the effects of the program. These objectives were investigated using a study with a quasi-experimental design using 104 young adults (mentors n = 38, non-mentors n = 33, mentees n = 21 and non-mentees n = 12). Questionnaires as well as physical tests made it possible to measure the main variables. The covariance analyzes show that at the end of the intervention, mentees adopted fewer behaviours aimed at gaining weight than non-mentees, while mentors adopted fewer behaviours aimed at losing weight than non-mentors. In addition, moderation analyzes reveal effects in men regardless of their initial level of physical activity but not in women. In fact, 1) mentee men exhibit better estimated maximal volume of oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) than non-mentee men, 2) male mentors show a lower body mass index (BMI) than non-mentor men and 3) male mentors report more behaviours aimed at gaining weight than non-mentor men. However, although our results suggest these effects, it seems essential to us to interpret them with caution due to some methodological limitations, in particular the small sampling. We often see them as tendencies to take in count for future research. However, our results suggest that we must consider sex of participants when time comes to orient, implement, and operationalize mentoring programs, particularly for the mentors.
Beaumier, France. "Évolution du sentiment d'efficacité personnelle des futurs enseignants dans leur utilisation des stratégies cognitives, des stratégies métacognitives et du jugement métacognitif, dans leur apprentissage et dans leur enseignement auprès d'un élève en difficulté, au cours d'un programme d'apprentissage expérientiel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24903/24903.pdf.
Full textChamseddine, Line. "Les bourses d'enseignement supérieur en France : politique, rôle et mécanisme d'attribution." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010680.
Full textHigher education grants constitute a key provision of the education policy in France intended to ensure equal student access to various fields in higher education. These scholarships are divided into several types, cover about 38 % of the student population enrolled in higher education, and are mainly allocated according to the socio-economic situation of the student and the student family. In 2011, the state budget for social action for students was more than 5.4 billion Euros, with approximately 1.8 billion Euros in funding directed to scholarships in higher education. Among the various funding components, financial aid has witnessed the most increase in its share in recent years. This research aims to analyze the system of higher education grants in France based on social criteria, through a detailed study of the population of students who applied for a grant between 1999 and 2009. With the European context moving towards the 'economy of knowledge', with the national context giving priority to higher education, and following the establishment of a fundamental reform of the higher education grants system in Fa1l2008. This research analyzes the evolution of the funding granting policy since 1999 vis-a-vis the stated objectives. The work introduces a new approach for evaluating the decision of granting a scholarship. It analyzes in detail the changes that occurred after the implementation of the 2008 reform and examines their impact on the above decision making, and on the population of students receiving a scholarship. Finally, it offers a framework to steer the granting mechanism based on a set of indicators constructed in the context of this research
Gourde, Marie-Andrée. "L'effet d'une formation interprofessionnelle pour une pratique en collaboration centrée sur la personne sur la modification des attitudes des étudiants de trois différentes disciplines en contexte de soins et de services de première ligne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28127/28127.pdf.
Full textGarrouste, Manon. "Ressources scolaires et réactions individuelles : trois essais en économie de l'éducation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010010/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the interdependence of school resources and individual resources in human capital production. In three empirical analyses using French data, various methods arc proposed to evaluate the impact of educational policies, taking individual behaviors into account. The first chapter shows that compensatory education policies may result in individual sorting. The fact that socially more advantaged families tend to avoid treated schools cancels out additional resources positive effects on academic achievement. The second chapter examines whether pupils are constrained by local school supply. We find that opening a new high school increases the proportion of pupils who continue in upper secondary education, particularly in a vocational track. Studying how students evaluate teaching, the third chapter shows that they take contemporaneous information about their grades into account when they evaluate teachers' pedagogical qualities