Academic literature on the topic 'Classes de nature'

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Journal articles on the topic "Classes de nature"

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Keucheyan, Razmig. "La lutte des classes dans la nature." Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique, no. 130 (January 1, 2016): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chrhc.4978.

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Li, Yafei, Rebecca Shields, and Vivian Lin. "Adverb classes and the nature of minimality." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 30, no. 1 (November 11, 2011): 217–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-011-9158-9.

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Adisutrisno, D. Wagiman. "THE NATURE OF SEMANTICS." Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2015): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/kls.v19i2.4425.

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With regard to the teaching of semantics, many semantics teachers find difficultyin deciding what to teach in their semantics classes. They have the opinionthat concepts such as connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning,collocative meaning, thematic meaning, meaning changes of words, synonymy,antonymy, polysemy, harmonymy, homophony, and homography are the primarymaterials of semantics classes. While those concepts are necessary materials ofsemantics and are usually taught, teachers of semantics must be well aware thatthey are not the primary materials of semantics. They are secondary materials.This paper describes the main materials of semantics which consist of word meaning,sentence meaning, and utterance meaning.
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Jamal's, Rahimberganova Sahiba. "METHODOLOGY OF ORGANIZATION OF NATURE INTRODUCTION CLASSES IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-39.

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This article describes the activities and scientific-research activities carried out in connection with the introduction of preschool children to nature. Forms, methods of organization of introduction to nature in pre-school educational organizations, components to be acquired in the field of introduction to nature and criteria have been developed on this basis.
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asanovich, IbragimovXurshidX. "DEVELOPMENT OF PUPIL’S CREATIVE ACTIVITY THROUGH ORGANIZING FINE ART CLASSES IN NATURE." Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-03-05-07.

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Kubarski, Jan. "Algebroid nature of the characteristic classes of flat bundles." Banach Center Publications 45, no. 1 (1998): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/-45-1-199-224.

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Khajlenko, E. V. "Materials for the study of invertebrates in “Cape Martyan” Nature Reserve." Title in english, no. 10 (December 19, 2019): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2413-3019-2019-10-115-129.

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The results of nomenclative and taxonomic revision of invertebrates of the water area of the "Cape Martian" Nature Reserve are presented. Currently, 204 species of marine invertebrates belonging to 12 types and 21 classes are registered, the most numerous are: Arthropoda includes 3 classes and 83 species, Mollusca includes 3 class 48 species, Annelida includes 2 class 45 species. Other types are not so widely represented: Cnidaria - 4 classes, 11 species, Prorifera - 2 classes of 8 species, 5 types are represented by 1-2 species.
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Spencer, Andrew. "Inflectional classes, defaults, and syncretisms." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 6 (December 1999): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99492222.

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I argue for an extension of Clahsen's psycholinguistic paradigm to well-known languages with more complex morphological systems. This would help to address conceptual questions such as the nature of defaults and the way in which syncretisms are coded in the brain.
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Ladd, D. Robert, and Mirella L. Blum. "On the systematic nature of Dinka noun number morphology." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2020.

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Abstract We present an analysis of noun number marking in Dinka, based on Andersen’s system of vowel grades and a new system of tone classes. Assuming that the ‘unmarked’ grade 1 form can be either singular or plural, we show that the morphology is more systematic than has been previously suggested. Roughly half of our dataset can be treated as synchronically regular, and in more than half the remainder the only exceptional features are simple alternations of lexical quantity or voice quality. Less than a quarter exhibit more unpredictable irregularities. With regard to tone, we posit nine classes that describe the patterns of tonal alternation between the grade 1 form and the more marked form of the noun; 60% of our dataset fall into just three of these classes. The tone classes show considerable cross-dialect validity even between a four-tone dialect (Luanyjang, Rek cluster) and a three-tone dialect (Agar).
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Tashbaeva, Shoira Kasimovna, and Feruza Abdullayevna Lapasova. "FEATURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY CLASSES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-09-37.

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The article presents the experience of greening the subject of chemistry and the program of the course of choice for students of an educational institution aimed at developing an ecological culture and a responsible attitude to nature, at developing skills in working with reagents and conducting research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Classes de nature"

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Elliott, Keith Eric William. "The nature of the correlation structure of traditional and alternative asset classes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602538.

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The goal of this thesis is to increase the understanding of 'alternative assets' and their interaction with other asset classes. This is a relevant area of focus as there are currently more assets available to investors than at any other time. Firstly several assets are reviewed to see if they should be considered for further analysis. This process examines the philosophical question of what is an asset class and also considers the ease of investing in each. The asset's return drivers are analysed using statistical and macroeconomic factor models. Most assets are found to be explained by up to seven macroeconomic factors; however, assets such as real estate, gold and wine are not explained well and thus may have portfolio diversification benefits. I then focus my study on the correlation structures of the asset returns. These are examined using rolling correlations and statistical testing of the stability of correlation matrices and correlations are found to time vary. Semicorrelation is adopted to differentiate correlations between those in outperforming and underperforming markets. I find that for many assets, correlations increase in underperforming markets and thus diversification fails when it is needed the most. Government bonds' diversification power is found to improve during underperforming markets and thus these are important for diversification. The final section applies an AG-DCC model to retrieve conditional correlations and study their driving factors using macroeconomic factor models. This model proves that correlations change over time and are asymmetric. I correct for overestimation of goodness-of-fit and my models show an average ability to explain changes in conditional correlations of approximately 7.5%, in some cases this is up to 30%. Two key factors that are found to drive correlations are dividend yield and the oil price; correlations response to factors implies that higher correlations occur during periods of economic underperformance.
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Li, Xian. "The changing nature of Chinese complementary schools in the UK." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42429/.

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Chinese complementary schools (CCS) play a significant role in transmitting the Chinese language and culture to younger British Chinese generations. Existing research are largely set in Cantonese-dominant CCS, which have characterised long-established UK Chinese communities. However, the last five to ten years have witnessed a demographic change of UK Chinese population and Mandarin is replacing Cantonese as the lingua franca of UK Chinese communities. This research aims to explore the current practices in three CCS and to understand the impacts of UK Chinese demographic change on CCS. Data was collected using ethnographic observation, document collection and semi-structured interviews with teachers, parents and pupils. This research finds that CCS in UK are undergoing great changes, as Mandarin has been the preferred language in these schools, which has implications for the population and activities of these schools. Students’ backgrounds have been extremely diverse, but current resources, materials and expertise of CCS do not address the diversity. Issues and problems arise when regarding Mandarin as the Chinese heritage language of all students attending the schools. The role of CCS in participants’ identity construction is significant as CCS provide an intercultural space for them to reflect on their UK Chinese identities. This doctoral research hopes to provide in-depth insights into Mandarin teaching and learning in CCS and implications for policy makers and practitioners.
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Guillot, Marie-Noelle. "The concept of fluency : its nature and applications in French oral classes at university level." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329745.

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Liao, Tzu-Chi. "The nature of father-daughter relationships in Taiwanese immigrant families living in Britain." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3422/.

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Using social constructionist approaches this thesis aims to explore the perceptions/expectations/experiences of father-daughter relations in Taiwanese immigrant families living in Britain. Six Taiwanese father-daughter pairs formed the sample. Semi-structered interviews were the main method used to collect information about the participants' perceptions/understandings/experiences. The data was subject to qualitative content analysis which revealed three key findings. These were: 1. Taiwanese immigrant fathers experiences tensions in the process of fathering their daughters to be indeoendent and pursue success in their careers. But deeply held traditional views on monitoring/protecting their daughters led them display behaviours that suggested a desire to control them. These 'mixed messages' created tensions in father-daughter relationships. 2. British-Taiwanese daughters' constructions of daughterhood produced tensions too:their experiences were akin to those of the majority of young women living in western societies who delay motherhood and pursue success at work. However, traditional expectations of daughters to prioritise family responsibilities and show obedience to their parents sets up conflicts both on father-daughter relations and their own personal choices. 3.Father-daughter relationships in Taiwanese immigrant families living in Britain are one where the expectation and practices of conventional fathers and daughters marks relationships daughters' life stages.
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Wootton, Lesley Wallace. "Sentimental classism : nature and status in popular nineteenth-century American women's novels /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1883699791&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Billemont, Hubert. "L'écologie politique : une idéologie de classes moyennes." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122490.

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La thèse est consacrée aux modes de vie et aux représentations sociales et politiques des militants et sympathisants écologistes en France. L'analyse porte sur l'étude des fractions semi-intellectuelles de la classe moyenne salariée qui sont sur-représentées parmi les écologistes. Il s'agit de montrer que nombre d'attitudes et de schèmes de pensées véhiculées par les écologistes sont imputables aux positions sociales ambivalentes de cette catégorie sociale d'intellectuels subalternes.
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Rainsford, Emily. "The nature of youth activism : exploring young people who are politically active in different institutional settings." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374697/.

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March-McDonald, Jane. "Refugees and asylum seekers : exploring the nature and role of resilience." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341938/.

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This thesis examines the nature and role of resilience in forced migrants’ lives with particular reference to the day-to-day lives of Somali women living in the UK. In contrast to the dominant discourse of victimhood associated with the label of ‘forced migrant’ this empirical study explores the notion of the ‘strong migrant woman’. Drawing upon perspectives that illuminate power relations and adopting a social constructionist framework, a qualitative and predominantly ethnographic approach was taken to elicit Somali women’s accounts of their family life in a city in southern England. Challenges encountered within the research field, including language barriers, issues of informed consent and women’s reluctance to engage with the study, led to the adoption of an increasingly informal, flexible process of data generation. This was via formal and informal individual and group interviews and participant observation of women’s daily activities. Together these rich sources of data illuminate the complexity and contraction of the resilience concept and in doing so promote a more informed understanding of the diversity and richness of forced migrants’ lives. Findings from this study challenge the use of static frameworks and labels in determining and categorising migratory journeys and experiences of (re)settlement. The need for recognition of the complexity and fluidity surrounding the nature of border crossings is argued. Drawing on a pluralistic theoretical approach to understanding resilience, this thesis illuminates the complex ways in which risk and protection, strengths and vulnerability operate within women’s day-to-day lives. ‘Complexity and contradiction’ and ‘movement and fluidity’ are identified as key inter-related themes in understanding the nature of resilience within these migrant women’s family life. A model developed on the basis of this study’s findings and encompassing a more holistic approach is outlined as a potential tool to aid the complex task of resilience assessment.
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Temme, Anne. "The peculiar nature of psych verbs and experiencer object structures." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19889.

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Durch ihr besonderes Verhalten haben psychologische Verben, und Experiencer-Objekt-Verben im Besonderen, in der linguistischen Forschung Berühmtheit erlangt. In vielen Sprachen konnte beobachtet werden, dass das Verhalten dieser Verben oft von grammatischen Generalisierungen abweicht, die über Prädikate und Strukturen bis dahin gemacht wurden. Diese so genannten 'psych properties' (Psych-Eigenschaften) betreffen zentrale linguistische Phänomene sowie sprachspezifische Eigenschaften und sie geben Anlass anzunehmen, dass Verben wie 'frighten' ('fürchten'), 'appeal to' ('gefallen') und 'worry' ('beunruhigen') eine besondere Stellung im grammatischen System einnehmen. Sie stehen hier Verben gegenüber die nicht primär mentale oder emotionale Konzepte ausdrücken, wie zum Beispiel 'call' ('anrufen'), 'warn' ('warnen') or 'visit' ('besuchen'). Die vorliegende Arbeit nimmt diese Beobachtungen auf und untersucht die besonderen Eigenschaften der Psych-Prädikate.
Psych verbs in general and experiencer object verbs in particular are exceptional because they often do not follow generalizations that have been made about verbs and structure types in the theory of grammar. Such so-called 'psych properties' can be observed in many languages and concern central linguistic but also language-specific phenomena. The existence of psych properties gives rise to the assumption that verbs such as 'frighten', 'appeal to' and 'worry' have a special position within the grammatical system as they stand in opposition to verbs that do not primarily express mental or emotional concepts, e.g., 'call', 'warn' or 'visit'. The present work addresses this divergence and investigates the characterizations of psych predicates.
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Sadat, Sayed Mukhtar. "Nature and Feature of Homework : Homework procedure in primary classes (Grade one to three) of schools in Takahr province of Afghanistan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37177.

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Homework in primary school level is an important discussion among teachers, students and parents in recent years particularly during the last two decades there has been great raise of interest to know the role of the parents as first educators of the children in improving their capacity. This research study tries to find out the point of views of the teachers about nature and feature of homework in primary classes (one to third) because majority of the students, particularly those who live in the rural areas of the country work at home or agriculture fields after school time to support their families and they have limited time to do the amount of homework that teachers want. Similarly cooperation or involvement of parents in homework process is also limited because considerable proportion of parents in remote areas of Afghanistan are uneducated and cannot effectively take part in homework process The study has been based on a field survey with 60 male and female teachers in Takhar province (Taloqan city and two districts, Farkhar and Dashte Qala). The study found that most of the teachers were aware about the goal and objective of the homework in primary classes and to some extent apply in one or other way, but, lack of proper planning, follow up and feedback mechanisms, time and amount of homework as well as low level involvement of parents and students themselves are the major shortages of the homework process in primary classes which requires great attention of the education actors in school and ministry levels. Similarly the only way of involvement of the families at school issues is the homework which can play the role of bridge between home and school so designing the of homework should be in way that parents specifically uneducated parents also could participate
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Books on the topic "Classes de nature"

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Masini, Francesca, and Raffaele Simone. Word classes: Nature, typology and representations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014.

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Guillot, Marie-Noe lle. The concept of fluency: Its nature and applications in French oral classes at university level. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1989.

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Hammerman, Donald R. Teaching in the outdoors. 4th ed. Danville, Ill: Interstate Publishers, 1994.

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Vaquette, Philippe. Le guide de l'éducateur nature: 43 jeux d'éveil sensoriel à la nature pour enfants de 5 à 12 ans. Barret-le-Bas: Souffle d'or, 1987.

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1950-, Jagtenberg Tom, and D'Alton Phillip, eds. Four dimensional social space: Class, gender, ethnicity, and nature : a reader in Australian social sciences. 2nd ed. Artarmon, N.S.W: Harper Educational, 1992.

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Matre, Steve Van. Earth education: A new beginning. USA: Institute for Earth Education, 1990.

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Matre, Steve Van. Earth education: A new beginning. Greenville, W.Va., U.S.A: Institute for Earth Education, 1990.

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Fox, Janet S. Faithful. New York: Speak, 2010.

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Fox, Janet S. Faithful. New York: Speak, 2010.

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Education, Alberta Alberta. Environnement et plein air: Guide d'enseignement : secondaire 1er cycle. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Education, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Classes de nature"

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Glaeser, Georg. "Further remarkable classes of surfaces." In Geometry and its Applications in Arts, Nature and Technology, 293–336. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61398-3_7.

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Pipatti, Otto. "Gunnar Landtman as a Sociologist of Social Inequality and Social Classes." In The Origins Of Human Social Nature, 125–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55147-5_6.

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Dumitrescu, Dumitru, Rodica Ioana Lung, Réka Nagy, Daniela Zaharie, Attila Bartha, and Doina Logofătu. "Evolutionary Detection of New Classes of Equilibria: Application in Behavioral Games." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN XI, 432–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15871-1_44.

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Thom, Jennifer S., and Florence Glanfield. "Live(d) Topographies: The Emergent and Dynamical Nature of Ideas in Secondary Mathematics Classes." In Teaching and Learning Secondary School Mathematics, 51–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92390-1_6.

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Wehrmeyer, Ella. "Chapter 6. Verb classes in South African Sign Language." In Advances in Sign Language Corpus Linguistics, 155–91. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.108.06weh.

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This chapter presents a pioneer exploration of verb categories in South African Sign Language (SASL), using a corpus of authentic naturalistic narrative data. The paucity of linguistic descriptions of SASL meant that a theoretical basis for the study was derived using models developed for other sign languages, in particular those of Padden (1986, 1988, 1990), Johnston (1991), and De Beuzeville et al. (2009). The study also sought to explore whether verb classes can be distinguished in terms of gaze, head turns, body turns, location shift, nature of movement, emotive facial expressions, and explicitation of arguments, and how these parameters change during role-shift. The study finds that De Beuzeville et al.’s (2009) categorization provides the closest description for SASL verbs, but with a split in their ‘directional verbs’ category into agreement and motion verbs. A typology for SASL verbs is proposed and reflected upon in terms of teaching objectives.
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Mygind, Erik. "Udeskole—Pupils’ Physical Activity and Gender Perspectives." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 135–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_7.

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AbstractIn a Danish context regular (weekly or biweekly) education outside the classroom (EOtC), school-based outdoor learning or learning outside the classroom (LOtC) is called udeskole and aims to enhance both health and education. The purpose of this chapter is to present two Danish research projects; the Søndermark School and TEACHOUT studies. It highlights the impact and potentials of physical activity (PA) in primary school based on results from pupils (grade 3–6 grade—year 9–12), taught weekly outside the classroom and school buildings. The chapter summarises how teaching in nature, green areas or using cultural institutions like museums, factories, cemeteries etc. has an impact on PA levels. The Søndermark School study in Copenhagen investigated whether udeskole in urban nature or cultural institutions helps to increase children’s PA in four classes. 44 girls and 40 boys (grade 4–6) participated in this study, where the PA was measured for seven consecutive days. For all 84 pupils, the average PA was significantly higher on udeskole days compared to traditional school days without PE lessons. The average PA levels among boys were significantly higher than among girls in all mentioned settings, except on days with PE lessons, where both sexes’ PA levels were equal. As part of the TEACHOUT research project, PA of 663 children was measured 24 h a day for 9–10 consecutive days. Udeskole classes were compared with control classes, i.e. their parallel classes, from 12 schools located in different parts of Denmark, in a quasi-experimental design. A gender comparison was made on a weekly basis, i.e. days with more than 150 min of udeskole were compared with traditional school days and days with physical education (PE) classes. Measured over a whole week, boys having udeskole were more physically active than boys in control classes and girls in both settings. No difference was found between girls in udeskole and the comparison classes during a week, but girls on udeskole days were associated with a greater proportion of PA at light intensity than on traditional school days and days with PE lessons. In general, the children were far less sedentary during udeskole compared to traditional classroom teaching.
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DeVries, Jeffrey M., Carsten Szardenings, Philipp Doebler, and Markus Gebhardt. "Addressing Environmental and Individual Factors in Early Secondary School: The Roles of Instruction Techniques and Self-Perception." In Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, 131–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_6.

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AbstractRisk factors for poor academic performance include variables such as lower socio-economic status, migrant status, and the presence of special education needs. These risk factors can be mediated by the self-concept of the learner, instructional techniques, and classroom size. Due to the diverse nature of these factors, a comprehensive approach is needed to examine their role. This chapter reports on two NEPS (National Education Panel Study) analyses that examined teaching styles (N = 1072 students in math classes and N = 794 in reading classes) and the mediating role of self-concept and self-esteem (N = 5923 in math classes and N = 5919 in reading classes) along with different sets of risk factors. Results showed that group work related to better outcomes for second-language learners in math and reading, and discussions related to worse outcomes in math for the same group. Further, self-concept and self-esteem partially mediated the effects of gender, special education needs, and non-verbal reasoning on both reading and math competence. These results highlight the importance of varied instructional styles and classroom size, as well as the important role of self-concept and self-esteem as partial mediators of risk factors.
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Murphy, Raymond. "Environmental Classes and Environmental Conflict." In Rationality and Nature, 163–90. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429493195-8.

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Fox, Anthony. "Classes and Categories." In The Structure of German, 144–201. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198158158.003.0004.

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Abstract In our consideration of the word in the last chapter, we were concerned primarily with its structure, i.e. with the parts of which it is composed and their relationships to one another. In the course of our discussion a number of other features of the word were briefly touched on, but not developed. This chapter is devoted to two such features: the different types of words that are found in German, and the nature and significance of the various inflectional categories that are associated with them.
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Fox, Anthony. "Classes and Categories." In The Structure of German, 159–212. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199254132.003.0004.

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Abstract In our consideration of the word in the last chapter, we were concerned primarily with its structure, i.e. with the parts of which it is composed and their relationships to one another. In the course of our discussion a number of other features of the word were briefly touched on, but not developed. This chapter is devoted to two such features: the different types of words that are found in German, and the nature and significance of the various inflectional categories that are associated with them.
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Conference papers on the topic "Classes de nature"

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Seredynski, Marcin, and Pascal Bouvry. "Nature-Inspired Evaluation of Data Classes for Trust Management in MANETs." In Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2011.174.

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Albeanu, Grigore, Henrik Madsen, and Florin Popentiuvladicescu. "LEARNING FROM NATURE: NATURE-INSPIRED ALGORITHMS." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-158.

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During last decade, the nature has inspired researchers to develop new algorithms [1, 2, 3]. The largest collection of nature-inspired algorithms is biology-inspired: swarm intelligence (particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, cuckoo search, bees algorithm, bat algorithm, firefly algorithm etc.), genetic and evolutionary strategies, artificial immune systems etc. As well-known examples, the following have to be mentioned: aircraft wing design, wind turbine design, bionic car, bullet train, optimal decisions related to traffic, appropriate strategies to survive under a well-adapted immune system etc. Based on collective social behavior of organisms, researchers had developed optimization strategies taking into account not only the individuals, but also groups and environment [1]. However, learning from nature, new classes of approaches can be identified, tested and compared against already available algorithms. After a short introduction, this work review the most effective, according to their performance, nature-inspired algorithms, in the second section. The third section is dedicated to learning strategies based on nature oriented thinking. Examples and the benefits obtained from applying nature-inspired strategies in problem solving are given in the fourth section. Concluding remarks are given in the final section. References 1. G. Albeanu, B. Burtschy, Fl. Popentiu-Vladicescu, Soft Computing Strategies in Multiobjective Optimization, Ann. Spiru Haret Univ., Mat-Inf Ser., 2013, 2, http://anale-mi.spiruharet.ro/upload/full_2013_2_a4.pdf 2. H. Madsen, G. Albeanu, and Fl. Popentiu-Vladicescu, BIO Inspired Algorithms in Reliability, In H. Pham (ed.) Proceedings of the 20th ISSAT International Conference on Reliability and Quality in Design, Reliability and Quality in Design, August 7-9, 2014, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. 3. N. Shadbolt, Nature-Inspired Computing, http://www.agent.ai/doc/upload/200402/shad04_1.pdf
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Winkler, Christoph, Reba M. Bandyopadhyay, Stefanie Wachter, Dawn Gelino, and Christopher R. Gelino. "INTEGRAL and New Classes of High-Mass X-Ray Binaries." In A POPULATION EXPLOSION: The Nature & Evolution of X-ray Binaries in Diverse Environments. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2945057.

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Moura, Joana. "IS THAT SIMPLE TO IMPLEMENT MODELS AND NATURE OF SCIENCE IN GEOSCIENCE CLASSES?" In SGEM2017 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/54/s22.012.

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Jeyakumar, G., and C. Shunmuga Velayutham. "An empirical comparison of Differential Evolution variants on different classes of unconstrained global optimization problems." In 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393495.

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Harwood, Pamela. "Nature Play: An Outdoor Learning Environment for Head Start." In 2017 ACSA Annual Conference. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.amp.105.65.

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At Nature Play a 1.5-acre field has been transformed into a nature-based outdoor learning environment for the 300 preschool children at Head Start. Beyond simply getting children to play outside, we are taking play, which is culturally thought of as a recess time for teachers, into a learning environment. The central area of Nature Play is a large certified outdoor classroom called the Habitat Hub. It has room for two classes and acts as the starting point for the children’s outdoor adventures. This timber frame structure is made of disease dash trees re-harvested, milled down, with hand cut mortise and tenon joints to form an undulating tree like canopy under which the children learn.
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Ciapas, Bernardas, and Povilas Treigys. "Self-Checkout Product Class Verification using Center Loss approach." In WSCG 2023 – 31. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.3301.4.

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The traditional image classifiers are not capable to verify if samples belong to specified classes due to several reasons: classifiers do not provide boundaries between in-class and out-of-class samples; although classifiers provide separation boundaries between known classes, classifiers" latent features tend to have high intra-class variance; classifiers often predict high probabilities for out-of-distribution samples; training classifiers on unbalanced data results in bias towards over-represented classes. The nature of the class verification problem requires a different loss function than the ubiquitous cross entropy loss in traditional classifiers: input to a class verification function includes a suggested class in addition to an image. As opposed to outlier detection, space is transformed to be not only separable, but discriminative between in-class and out-of-class inputs. In this paper, class verification based on a euclidean distance from the class centre is proposed and implemented. Class centres are learnt by training on a centre loss function. The method"s effectiveness is shown on a self-checkout image dataset of 194 food retail products. The results show that a two-fold loss function is not only useful to verify class, but does not degrade classification performance - thus, the same neural network is usable both for classification and verification.
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Malysheva, Ekaterina V., and Ekaterina S. Teplyakova. "Correctional logopedic work in a distance format." In Специальное образование: методология, практика, исследования. Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/978-5-00089-532-0-2021-114-120.

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The authors of the article prove that remote forms of conducting speech therapy classes greatly simplify the process of interpersonal communication, eliminate many problems of a psychological nature. The authors analyze the need to transform the work of a speech therapist, rebuild the usual course of classes, taking into account the requirements of the time, quickly respond to a changing situation, maximizing positive opportunities from remote work to help children with speech disorders.
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Bethardy, G. A., Jungsug Go, and David S. Perry. "Experimental evidence for distinct classes of coupling mechanism in intramolecular vibrational redistribution." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thq3.

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Sub-Doppler infrared absorption spectra of jet- cooled 1-butyne and trans-ethanol exhibit contrasting patterns of molecular eigenstates. In the presence of intramolecular vibration energy redistribution, frequency resolved spectra reveal that transitions to zero order upper state, v, J, K a , K c levels are fragmented into clumps of molecular eigenstates. The number and frequencies of these discrete features contain information about the nature of the intramolecular coupling. In the methyl C-H stretch of ethanol at 2990 cm-1 between J = 0 to 2, the number of coupled states increases sharply and is comparable to the rovibrational state density. In contrast, the actetylenic and methyl C-H stretches of 1-butyne at 3333 cm-1, respectively, exhibit coupling that is approximately independent of J and coupled state densities comparable to the purely vibrational state density. It is therefore concluded that a rotationally mediated coupling mechanism such as Coriolis or centrifugal coupling is involved in ethanol whereas only anharmonic coupling is apparent in 1-butyne.
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Jiang, Tianhong, and Gale E. Nevill. "Pattern-Based Approach in Conflict Cause Identification in Distributed Design Environment." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21237.

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Abstract In this paper, a well-organized structure of conflict classes and causes is presented. Based on our study of nature of the conflicts and the associated value patterns in design, a pattern-based computational model is proposed for conflict cause identification and successfully tested in Plane World distributed design simulation.
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Reports on the topic "Classes de nature"

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Library, Spring. How Close are We Really to the HIV Cure? Spring Library, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/sl.blog.20.

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The virus’ tricky, constantly mutating nature has so far made it impossible to develop an effective vaccine, even as the constantly improving antiviral drug classes have made HIV infection a manageable chronic health condition.
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Goncharova, O. V. Methodological support of the educational process: digital control and evaluation tools for conducting current control and intermediate certification in the discipline "Excursion study of nature at school" for students of the training direction 44.03.01 Pedagogical education, orientation (profile) Biology. SIB-Expertise, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0667.20012023.

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The paper presents guidelines for preparing students for practical classes. For practical exercises, control questions, basic terms on the topic, calculation and situational tasks, test tasks are given. Tasks for independent extracurricular work of students, topics of essays are also given.
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Rajan, Vijitha, Jyoti Dalal, and Chetan Anand. Education, Margins and City: Examining the Linkages Through an Ethnographic Exploration. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf1006.2023.

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The city’s relationship with its margins in the context of how state affects the lives of the people has increasingly become an important site of research—especially how pressures of governance split the nature of power and violence of the state at the margins vis-à-vis the city—where the experience of the state and how it operates is starkly different from how it unfolds for the middle-classes of the city. Education in this context has been an under researched area.
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Szymborska, Hanna, and Jan Jan Toporowski. Industrial Feudalism and Wealth Inequalities. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp174.

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The possibility, first raised by Rudolf Hilferding, of stabilizing a capitalist economy through the operations of a ‘general cartel’, leaving only social and political ‘contradictions’ to disturb the functioning of the system, gave rise to a discussion among Marxists not only on whether such a stabilization was at all possible, but also on the nature and scope of those contradictions. This discussion had been anticipated in the 1890s in the work of the Polish Marxist Ludwik Krzywicki (1859 – 1941). He put forward the idea that, in a capitalist economy stabilized in this way, a state of ‘industrial feudalism’ would prevail, in which society would become stratified into social classes without the possibility of mobility between those classes. This analysis was extended in 1940s by Oskar Lange (1904-1965) as he attempted to make sense of the American New Deal and rediscovered in the 1950s by Tadeusz Kowalik (1926-2012). This paper explains the concept of industrial feudalism and argues that the main mechanism for such a stratification today is the unequal distribution of wealth, in the context of declining welfare provision.
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Küsters, Ralf, and Alex Borgida. What's in an Attribute? Consequences for the Least Common Subsumer. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.102.

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Functional relationships between objects, called 'attributes', are of considerable importance in knowledge representation languages, including Description Logics (DLs). A study of the literature indicates that papers have made, often implicity, different assumptions about the nature of attributes: whether they are always required to have a value, or whether they can be partial functions. The work presented here is the first explicit study of this difference for (sub-)classes of the CLASSIC DL, involving the same-as concept constructor. It is shown that although determining subsumption between concept descriptions has the same complexity (though requiring different algorithms), the story is different in the case of determining the least common subsumer (lcs). For attributes interpreted as partial functions, the lcs exists and can be computed relatively easily; even in this case our results correct and extend three previous papers about the lcs of DLs. In the case where attributes must have a value, the lcs may not exist, and even if it exists it may be of exponential size. Interestingly, it is possible to decide in polynomial time if the lcs exists.
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.

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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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Teague, Judy, Gary Fleming, Kirsten Hazler, Lindsey Smart, and Tom Govus. Baseline vegetation mapping of National Capital Region parks in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia: Part 1?final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304343.

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The National Park Service (NPS) National Capital Region (NCR), the Virginia Natural Heritage Program (VANHP), NatureServe, and Natural Heritage Programs in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, completed the vegetation classification and mapping of eleven parks, totaling 29,968 hectares (74,053 acres) in the NPS NCR. Upon the completion of the vegetation characterization and mapping, NatureServe finalized this process by conducting a thematic accuracy assessment of the resulting the vegetation map. Field observations were collected at 1,561 locations across the eleven parks to analyze the map classes observed in the field against those on the map. Overall map accuracy for 66 map classes was 80.59% (Kappa statistic of 79.23%). The final vegetation maps included a total of 110 map classes that were used to characterize 109 USNVC associations plus other land cover across the 11 parks. These 110 map classes can be separated into four categories: individual USNVC associations (n=80), composite map classes primarily comprised of another 30 USNVC associations (n=11), special feature map classes (n=9), and National Land Cover Database map classes (n=10). Of the 109 USNVC associations, 106 were identified during the classification effort and three were added during the mapping effort; 55 represented upland and 54 wetland or riparian vegetation.
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Wilkinson, Kitty. The Effect of Natural Childbirth Classes on Anxiety in Pregnant Women. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2590.

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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.

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The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Ishikawa, Lynn, Kelley Hall, and Burr Settles. The Duolingo English Test and Academic English. Duolingo, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/hzgw1059.

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We describe a two-year study of the relationship between the Duolingo English Test (DET) and the academic English ability of non-native international students at DePauw University. We found DET scores to be significantly correlated with on-campus faculty assessments of English ability for incoming international students (r = 0.62*** for written ability and r = 0.49*** for oral comprehensibility). We also found that DET scores significantly predict the faculty’s decisions to place certain students into academic English support classes. Furthermore, the DET was more strongly associated with faculty assessments than TOEFL® iBT scores. These results were consistent across both cohorts of first-year students studied (2014 and 2015 incoming classes).
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