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Journal articles on the topic 'Classes of cyanine dyes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

H., A. Shindy. "Synthesis of different classes of five/six membered heterocyclic cyanine dyes: A review." Chemistry International 6, no. 2 (2020): 56–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3361022.

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In this review paper synthesis of different classes of five/six membered heterocyclic cyanine dyes have been reviewed. In this paper review detailed synthesis steps were represented via equations. The synthesis covers, monomethine cyanine dyes (simple cyanine dyes), dimethine cyanine dyes, trimethine cyanine dyes (carbocyanine dyes), styryl cyanine dyes (hemicyanine dyes), aza-styryl cyanine dyes (aza-hemicyanine dyes and/or aza-cyanine dyes), merocyanine dyes (acyclic merocyanine dyes and cyclic merocyanine dyes) and apocyanine dyes. Besides, in the introduction section of this review paper s

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2

Fan, F., V. A. Povedailo, A. P. Kadutskii, G. V. Maleev, and V. V. Shmanai. "Physicochemical properties of new cyanine dye derivatives in DNA conjugates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 61, no. 2 (2025): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2025-61-2-95-104.

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Cyanine dyes are one of the most commonly used classes of fluorescent probes. All Cy5 fluoresce at ~ 660 nm, while Cy7 emit in the near-infrared range (700–900 nm), making them particularly suitable for biomedical applications due to reduced tissue autofluorescence in this spectral region. The fluorescence intensity of cyanine dyes typically increases upon conjugation with biomolecules such as nucleic acids. Furthermore, their fluorescence can be significantly modulated through duplex formation between dye-modified single-stranded DNA and its complementary sequence. In this study, we investiga

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3

A. Shindy, H. "Synthesis of Different Classes of Five / Five Membered Heterocyclic Cyanine Dyes: A Review Paper." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2012): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157019312800604652.

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4

Friães, Sofia, Eurico Lima, Renato E. Boto, et al. "Photophysicochemical Properties and In Vitro Phototherapeutic Effects of Iodoquinoline- and Benzothiazole-Derived Unsymmetrical Squaraine Cyanine Dyes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245414.

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The search to replace conventional cancer treatment therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery has led over the last ten years, to a substantial effort in the development of several classes of photodynamic therapy photosensitizers with desired photophysicochemical and photobiological properties. Herein we report the synthesis of 6-iodoquinoline- and benzothiazole-based unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine dyes functionalized with amine groups located in the four-membered central ring. Their photodegradation and singlet oxygen production ability, as well as their in vitro photocytotox

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5

Lima, Eurico, and Lucinda V. Reis. "Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers." Molecules 28, no. 13 (2023): 5092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135092.

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Photodynamic therapy, an alternative that has gained weight and popularity compared to current conventional therapies in the treatment of cancer, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy that generally results from the simultaneous action of three factors: a molecule with high sensitivity to light, the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen in the triplet state, and light energy. There is much to be said about each of these three elements; however, the efficacy of the photosensitizer is the most determining factor for the success of this therapeutic modality. Porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanin

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6

Norouzi, Neil. "Cyanine Dyes." Synlett 24, no. 10 (2013): 1307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1338948.

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7

Tolbert, Laren, and Xiaodong Zhao. "Extended cyanine dyes." Synthetic Metals 57, no. 2-3 (1993): 4788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(93)90818-h.

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8

Hassan, Abazied Shindy, Abdallah El-Maghraby Mohamed, Mubark Goma Maha, and Abdelrahman Harb Nemat. "Dicarbocyanine and tricarbocyanine dyes: Novel synthetic approaches, photosensitization evaluation and antimicrobial screening." Chemistry International 6, no. 1 (2020): 30–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2631739.

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Novel dicarbocyanine dyes (pentamethine cyanine dyes), bis dicarbocyanine dyes (bis pentamethine cyanine dyes), tricarbocyanine dyes (heptamethine cyanine dyes) and bis tricarbocyanine dyes (bis heptamethine cyanine dyes) derived from the nucleus of furo[(3,2-d)pyrazole; (3',2'-d)oxazole] were prepared using novel synthetic approaches. The electronic visible absorption spectra were investigated in 95% ethanol to evaluate the photosensitization properties. The cyanine dyes were better photosensitizers in visible light to initiate the electronic transitions at higher wavelength bands (ba

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9

Hassan, Abazied Shindy, Abdallah El-Maghraby Mohamed, Mubark Goma Maha, and Abdelrahman Harb Nemat. "Novel styryl and aza-styryl cyanine dyes: Synthesis and spectral sensitization evaluation." Chemistry International 5, no. 2 (2019): 117–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1475414.

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Novel styryl cyanine dyes and aza-styryl cyanine dyes having the nucleus of furo[(3,2-d)pyrazole;(3',2'-d)oxazole] iodide salt were prepared. Spectral sensitization evaluation for all the synthesized styryl and aza-styryl cyanine dyes was carried out through investigating their electronic visible absorption spectra in 95% ethanol solution. The dyes were thought to be better spectral sensitizers when they absorb light at longer wavelength bands (bathochromic shifted and/or red shifted dyes). Consequently the spectral sensitization of the dyes decreased when they absorb light at shorter

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10

R., M. Abdel Aal, I. Abd El Gawad I., and M. Essam Z. "Novel pyrazolo pyrazoly heterocyclic in the synthesis of positive solvatochromic cyanine dyes." Chemistry International 3, no. 3 (2017): 332–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1473341.

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Novel cyanine dyes monomethine, bismonomethine and trimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized from 5-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-2-ium as a nucleus. Structure confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, mass and visible was determined. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the newly synthesized cyanine dyes were investigated in 95% ethanol solution. Solvatochromism for the newly prepared cyanine dyes were performed in pure solvents having different polarities.

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11

Yegorova, Tatyana, Andriy Kysil, Igor Levkov, Andrei Ilchenko, and Zoia Voitenko. "Structure and electronic absorption spectra of cyanine dyes – derivatives of tetrazolo- and triazoloisoindole." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2017): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv5i2p95-102.

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The electronic structure and absorption spectra of cyanine dyes – tetrazoloisoindole derivatives and triazoloisoindole were calculated. It was shown that these dyes, in terms of their electronic structure, are trimethine cyanine, although formally they are monomethine cyanine. The electron donation of the tetrazoloisoindole and triazoloisoindole residues was determined on the Ilchenko scale, which allows them to quantitatively quantify their Bruker basicity in comparison with the most known heterocyclic end groups of cyanine dyes.

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12

Yu, Lijia, Yansong Zhang, Chunguang Ding, and Xiaodong Shi. "Disassembly of Dimeric Cyanine Dye Supramolecular Assembly by Tetramolecular G-quadruplex Dependence on Linker Length and Layers of G-quartet." Molecules 24, no. 10 (2019): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24102015.

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Cyanine dyes have been widely applied in various biological systems owing to their specific photochemical properties. Assembly and disassembly process of cyanine dyes were constructed and regulated by special biomolecules. In this paper, dimeric cyanine dyes with different repeat units (oligo-oxyethylene) in linker (TC-Pn) (n = 3–6) were found to form H-aggregates or mixture aggregates in PBS. These aggregates could be disassembled into dimer and/or monomer by (TGnT) tetramolecular G-quadruplexes (n = 3–6, 8), which were affected by the linker length of dimeric cyanine dyes and layers of G-qua

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13

Dale, Johannes, Odd I. Eriksen, Stefan Spassov, et al. "Triple-Branched Cyanine Dyes." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 42b (1988): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.42b-0242.

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14

Miltsov, Serguei, Cristina Encinas, and Julián Alonso. "New cyanine dyes: Norindosquarocyanines." Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 21 (1999): 4067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00650-4.

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15

Gayton, Jacqueline, Shane A. Autry, William Meador, et al. "Indolizine-Cyanine Dyes: Near Infrared Emissive Cyanine Dyes with Increased Stokes Shifts." Journal of Organic Chemistry 84, no. 2 (2018): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.8b02521.

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16

Osman, Abdel-Megied, Mohamed Salah K. Youssef, and Zarfi H. Khalil. "Studies on cyanine dyes. IV. Synthesis of new styryl oxa-cyanine dyes." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 26, no. 1 (2007): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.50202601103.

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17

Jo, Gayoung, Eun Jeong Kim, and Hoon Hyun. "Enhanced Tumor Uptake and Retention of Cyanine Dye–Albumin Complex for Tumor-Targeted Imaging and Phototherapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2023): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010862.

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Heptamethine cyanine dyes are widely used for in vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and NIR laser-induced cancer phototherapy due to their good optical properties. Since most of heptamethine cyanine dyes available commercially are highly hydrophobic, they can usually be used for in vivo applications after formation of complexes with blood plasma proteins, especially serum albumin, to increase aqueous solubility. The complex formation between cyanine dyes and albumin improves the chemical stability and optical property of the hydrophobic cyanine dyes, which is the bottom of their pra

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18

Hassan, A. Shindy, A. El-Maghraby Mohamed, M. Goma Maha, and A. Harb Nemat. "Heptamethine and nonamethine cyanine dyes: novel synthetic strategy, electronic transitions, solvatochromic and halochromic evaluation." Chemistry International 6, no. 4 (2020): 187–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667451.

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New polymethine cyanine dyes covering heptamethine cyanine dyes (tricarbocyanine dyes) and nonamethine cyanine dyes (tetracarbocyanine dyes) derived from the nucleus benzo[(2,3-b)benzoxazine; (2',3'-b')furo (3,2-d)pyrazole] were designed and prepared using novel synthetic strategy. Electronic transitions for all the synthesized cyanine dyes was determined and evaluated through investigating their electronic visible absorption spectra in 95% ethanol solution. The dyes were thought to be better electronic transitions when they absorb light at higher wavelength bands (bathochromic shi

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19

Osman, Abdel-Megied, Zarif H. Khalil, Ali Ali Kalaf, and Ahmed Ibrahim. "Studies on cyanine dyes. III. Synthesis of 2-styryl-5-cyanonaphthoxazole cyanine dyes." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 26, no. 1 (2007): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020260173.

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20

H., A. Shindy, M. Goma M., and A. Harb N. "Novel carbocyanine and bis-carbocyanine dyes: synthesis, visible spectra studies, solvatochromism and halochromism." Chemistry International 2, no. 4 (2016): 222–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1471393.

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Novel carbocyanine dyes (trimethine cyanine dyes) and bis-carbocyanine dyes (bis-trimethine cyanine dyes) derived from the nucleus of benzo[2,3-b; 2',3'-b'] bis-furo[2,3-d]imidazoline-3,5,8,10-tetra one were synthesized. The electronic visible adsorption spectra of all the synthesized cyanine dyes were investigated in 95% ethanol solution. Solvatochromism and/or halochromism for some selected dyes were examined in pure solvents having different polarities (water, dimethylformamide, ethanol, chloroform, carbontetrachloride and dioxane) and/or in aqueous universal buffer solutions ow

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21

Ransom, John T., Jeanne Elia, William Godfrey, et al. "Cyanine TruStain™, an effective blocking buffer to eliminate non-specific cyanine-like dye-mediated monocyte binding." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 81.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.81.25.

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Abstract Cyanine dyes and their analogs are commonly used as acceptors in commercially available antibody-tandem fluorophore conjugates. However, it has been confirmed that the dyes have a tendency to bind monocytes or macrophages nonspecifically, which limits the ability to do multi-color flow cytometric analysis for lower density antigens. We are introducing Cyanine TruStain™ Buffer which eliminates this nonspecific binding. This reagent blocks nonspecific binding of monocytes and macrophages to Cyanine dyes, (PE/Cy7, PE/Cy5, PercpCy5.5, APC/Cy7, APC/Fire™ 750, PE/Dazzle™ 594). It does not a

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22

Dash, S., M. Panigrahi, S. Baliyarsingh, P. K. Behera, S. Patel, and B. K. Mishra. "Cyanine Dyes - Nucleic Acids Interactions." Current Organic Chemistry 15, no. 15 (2011): 2673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527211796367336.

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23

Winstead, Angela J., Richard Williams, Yongchao Zhang, Charlee McLean, and Stanley Oyaghire. "Microwave Synthesis of Cyanine Dyes." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 44, no. 4 (2010): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2010.11689789.

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24

Dempsey, Graham T., Mark Bates, Walter E. Kowtoniuk, David R. Liu, Roger Y. Tsien, and Xiaowei Zhuang. "Photoswitching Mechanism of Cyanine Dyes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 51 (2009): 18192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja904588g.

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25

Dempsey, Graham T., Mark Bates, Walter E. Kowtoniuk, David R. Liu, Roger Y. Tsien, and Xiaowei Zhuang. "Photoswitching Mechanism of Cyanine Dyes." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (2010): 394a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.2126.

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26

Ishchenko, A. A., V. A. Svidro, and N. A. Derevyanko. "Solvatofluorochromy of cationic cyanine dyes." Dyes and Pigments 10, no. 2 (1989): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7208(89)85001-6.

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27

van Beek, H. C. A., C. H. F. Hendriks, G. J. van der Net, and L. Schaper. "Reversible halogenation of cyanine dyes." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 94, no. 2 (2010): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19750940202.

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28

Ilieva, Sonia, Meglena Kandinska, Aleksey Vasilev, and Diana Cheshmedzhieva. "Theoretical Modeling of Absorption and Fluorescent Characteristics of Cyanine Dyes." Photochem 2, no. 1 (2022): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem2010015.

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The rational design of cyanine dyes for the fine-tuning of their photophysical properties undoubtedly requires theoretical considerations for understanding and predicting their absorption and fluorescence characteristics. The present study aims to assess the applicability and accuracy of several DFT functionals for calculating the absorption and fluorescence maxima of monomethine cyanine dyes. Ten DFT functionals and different basis sets were examined to select the proper theoretical model for calculating the electronic transitions of eight representative molecules from this class of compounds

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29

Chapman, Gala, Maged Henary, and Gabor Patonay. "The Effect of Varying Short-Chain Alkyl Substitution on the Molar Absorptivity and Quantum Yield of Cyanine Dyes." Analytical Chemistry Insights 6 (January 2011): ACI.S6568. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aci.s6568.

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The effect of varying short-chain alkyl substitution of the indole nitrogens on the spectroscopic properties of cyanine dyes was examined. Molar absorptivities and fluorescence quantum yields were determined for a set of pentamethine dyes and a set of heptamethine dyes for which the substitution of the indole nitrogen was varied. For both sets of dyes, increasing alkyl chain length resulted in no significant change in quantum yield or molar absorptivity. These results may be useful in designing new cyanine dyes for analytical applications and predicting their spectroscopic properties.

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30

Takakura, Hideo, Honoka Sato, Kohei Nakajima, Motofumi Suzuki, and Mikako Ogawa. "In Vitro and In Vivo Cell Uptake of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugated with Fluorescent Dyes Having Different Chemical Properties." Cancers 13, no. 9 (2021): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092245.

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In molecular imaging, a targeting strategy with ligands is widely used because specificity can be significantly improved. In fluorescence imaging based on a targeting strategy, the fluorescent dyes conjugated with ligands may affect the targeting efficiency depending on the chemical properties. Herein, we used a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) as a ligand with a variety of fluorescent cyanine dye. We investigated in vitro and in vivo cell uptake of the dye-CPP conjugates when cyanine dyes with differing charge and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were used. The results showed that the conjugates wi

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31

Maia, Ana, Cathy Ventura, Adriana O. Santos, et al. "A New Demand for Improved Selectivity and Potency of Cyanine Dyes as Antiproliferative Agents Against Colorectal Cancer Cells." Molecules 29, no. 23 (2024): 5581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235581.

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Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge, with chemotherapy still being one of the most common therapeutic approaches. Based on our initial studies of symmetric monomethine cyanine dyes, which showed potential against colorectal cancer, this study explored several asymmetric cyanines, aiming to develop more potent and selective antitumor agents, particularly against colorectal cancer. In pursuit of this goal, we have designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized twelve new cyanine dyes. Their antiproliferative effects were then investigated in vitro against both tumor and non-t

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32

Wycisk, Virginia, Katharina Achazi, Ole Hirsch, et al. "Heterobifunctional Dyes: Highly Fluorescent Linkers Based on Cyanine Dyes." ChemistryOpen 6, no. 3 (2017): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.201700013.

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33

Dost, Tyler L., Michael T. Gressel, and Maged Henary. "Synthesis and Optical Properties of Pentamethine Cyanine Dyes With Carboxylic Acid Moieties." Analytical Chemistry Insights 12 (January 1, 2017): 117739011771193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177390117711938.

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Cyanine dyes possessing carboxylic acid groups have been used in many different fields of study. The acid groups can act as handles for bioconjugation or as metal chelators. Several pentamethine cyanine dyes with propionic acid handles were synthesized and their optical properties were studied to determine their usefulness as fluorescent probes. The optical properties studies performed include the absorbance and emission maxima values as well as the calculation of quantum yield and molecular brightness levels. Molecular models were also calculated to help analyze the dyes’ behavior and were co

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34

Lange, Natalia, Wojciech Szlasa, Jolanta Saczko, and Agnieszka Chwiłkowska. "Potential of Cyanine Derived Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (2021): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060818.

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of cancer treatment that leads to the disintegration of cancer cells and has developed significantly in recent years. The clinically used photosensitizers are primarily porphyrin, which absorbs light in the red spectrum and their absorbance maxima are relatively short. This review presents group of compounds and their derivatives that are considered to be potential photosensitizers in PDT. Cyanine dyes are compounds that typically absorb light in the visible to near-infrared-I (NIR-I) spectrum range (750–900 nm). This meta-analysis comprises the current s

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35

Gopika, G. S., P. M. Hari Prasad, A. G. Lekshmi, et al. "Chemistry of cyanine dyes-A review." Materials Today: Proceedings 46 (2021): 3102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.622.

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36

Ke, Weijun, Hansheng Xu, Xiufang Liu, and Xuehong Luo. "Studies on Crown Ether Cyanine Dyes." HETEROCYCLES 53, no. 8 (2000): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/rev-00-532.

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37

Kim, Young-Sung, Jong-Il Shin, Soo-Youl Park, Kun Jun, and Young-A. Son. "Electrochemical Studies on Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes." Textile Coloration and Finishing 21, no. 5 (2009): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2009.21.5.035.

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38

Strekowski, Lucjan, Malgorzata Lipowska, and Gabor Patonay. "Facile Derivatizations of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes." Synthetic Communications 22, no. 17 (1992): 2593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919208021656.

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39

Chibisov, A. K. "Photonics of dimers of cyanine dyes." High Energy Chemistry 41, no. 3 (2007): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018143907030071.

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40

Shapiro, Boris I. "Aggregates of cyanine dyes: photographic problems." Russian Chemical Reviews 63, no. 3 (1994): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1994v063n03abeh000082.

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41

Yang, Songjie, He Tian, Heming Xiao, et al. "Photodegradation of cyanine and merocyanine dyes." Dyes and Pigments 49, no. 2 (2001): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(01)00012-2.

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42

Shapiro, B. I., E. V. Manulik, and V. V. Prokhorov. "Multilayer J-aggregates of cyanine dyes." Nanotechnologies in Russia 11, no. 5-6 (2016): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995078016030150.

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43

Ferreira, D. P., D. S. Conceição, V. R. A. Ferreira, V. C. Graça, P. F. Santos, and L. F. Vieira Ferreira. "Photochemical properties of squarylium cyanine dyes." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 12, no. 11 (2013): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3pp50132a.

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44

Tatikolov, Aleksandr S., Nadezhda A. Derevyanko, Aleksandr A. Ishchenko, et al. "Photoisomerization of Asymmetric Indobenzimidazolo Cyanine Dyes." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 99, no. 5 (1995): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19950990512.

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45

Miltsov, Serguei, Cristina Encinas, and Julian Alonso. "ChemInform Abstract: New Cyanine Dyes: Norindosquarocyanines." ChemInform 30, no. 32 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199932188.

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46

Ikeda, Hidetsugu, Toshio Sakai, and Kenji Kawasaki. "Nonlinear optical properties of cyanine dyes." Chemical Physics Letters 179, no. 5-6 (1991): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)87101-g.

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47

Strekowski, Lucjan, Malgorzata Lipowska, Tadeusz Górecki, J. Christian Mason, and Gabor Patonay. "Functionalization of near-infrared cyanine dyes." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 33, no. 6 (1996): 1685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570330622.

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48

Zhang, Jiuhui, Wenjun Wang, Jinjun Shao, Jianqiu Chen, and Xiaochen Dong. "Small molecular cyanine dyes for phototheranostics." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 516 (October 2024): 215986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215986.

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49

Slavicek, Petr, Šárka Paušová, and Karel Bouzek. "Thermal Truncation of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, no. 29 (2024): 19768–81. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c02116.

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Cyanine dyes are a class of organic, usually cationic molecules containing two nitrogen centers linked through conjugated polymethine chains. Unlike phototruncation, the thermal truncation (chain-shortening) reaction is a phenomenon that has rarely been described for these important fluorophores. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the truncation of heptamethine cyanines (Cy7) to pentamethine (Cy5) and trimethine (Cy3) cyanines via homogeneous, acid-base catalyzed nucleophilic exchange reactions. We demonstrate how different substituents at the C3′ and C4′ positions of t

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50

Zhytniakivska, Olga, Uliana Tarabara, Atanas Kurutos, Kateryna Vus, Valeriya Trusova, and Galyna Gorbenko. "Detection of Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils Using Trimethine Cyanine Dyes: Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies." East European Journal of Physics, no. 4 (December 6, 2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-4-22.

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Abstract:

Due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties and high sensitivity to the beta-pleated motifs, cyanine dyes have found numerical applications as molecular probes for the identification and characterization of amyloid fibrils in vitro and the visualization of amyloid inclusions in vivo. In the present study the spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques have been employed to evaluate the amyloid sensitivity and the mode of interaction between the trimethine cyanine dyes and native (LzN) and fibrillar (LzF) lysozyme. It was found that the trimethine association with non-fibr

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