Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classes populaires et immigrées'
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Habouzit, Rémi. "La copropriété dégradée, le relogement et après ? Professionnels et habitants dans une opération rénovation urbaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV034/document.
Full textSince 2003, more than 400 popular districts categorized as sensitive urban zones and 4 million inhabitants have become part of a program initiated by the Framework Act on Town Planning and Urban Renewal (so-called “Borloo law”). In order to achieve district transformation and social diversity, the program has led to demolition/rebuilding operations, the refurbishment of existing dwellings and the redefinition of public urban areas (street network and green spaces, etc.)The municipalities of Clichy-Sous-Bois and Montfermeil in the Seine-Saint-Denis region were part of this program. Whilst being the largest program in France (in terms of allocated budget and demolished dwellings), it also had the singularity to involve the destruction of dilapidated privately-owned buildings such as Les Bosquets in Montfermeil and La Forestière in Clichy-sous-Bois. All the new buildings reconstructed there are under social housing management.All re-housed inhabitants consequently moved from the status of owner-occupiers or private housing tenants to that of social housing tenants. In addition to their change in status, this situation implies regular interactions between these ‘displaced’people and the professionals (of the city, of nonprofit organizations, social landlords who operate in the area, in these buildings within the frame of pre- and post-rehousing accompaniment.Based on an analysis supported by interviews, observations and archives, this thesis aims at understanding the genesis of this policy as much as the effects of the will for district transformation through generalizing social housing, on professional practices and the trajectories of the re-housed inhabitants. To this end, archives and interviews help understanding that the degradation of the former co-ownership properties was attributable primarily to their conditions of marketing, construction and management. Yet, all the measures of public action, up to the signature of the urban renewal program, systematically present the inhabitants and their features (popular classes or migrants) as solely responsible for this deterioration.The ethnography of professional practices then shows how in the new homes the professionals use the interactions with the inhabitants to regulate the way they live there. This work is done with a view to avoiding new damage to the buildings.Eventually the interviews with the inhabitants (made before and after re-housing) illustrate how re-housing and the interactions with professionals destabilize them within their individual anchorages and shake the sense of hierarchies within this social group. While former owners made up the upper class in their previous housing, they now feel the most downgraded. Conversely, tenants who were the most dominated are today the most rehabilitated.Beyond empirical results, this analytical approach rates the issues of the thesis on sevral scales. First, this work illustrates how, in a constructivist perspective, these co-ownership properties and their inhabitants have been built as a problem and a category of public action. Then, starting from the practices of professionals, this thesis discloses how within the frame of urban policy, some forms of regulation and domination over certain targeted publics (here working classes and migrants) are still exerted. Finally this thesis is consistent with a sociology of popular classes who are attentive to their internal differences as much as to the various ways a measure of public action can be perceived
Le, Bars Joanne. "Conquérir la galère : géographie féministe postcoloniale de femmes sans-papiers venues d'Afrique subsaharienne et du Maghreb en région parisienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1130.
Full textMy dissertation draws on feminist and postcolonial geographies and the literature on working classes, and analyses the trajectories and senses of belonging of women with no legal status who have migrated alone from Subsaharan Africa or Maghreb to the region of Paris. The empirical ethnographic investigation was carried out between late 2009 and 2016 and involved 52 women. The first section of the dissertation reflexively examines the position in terms of gender, race and class from which the ethnography is conducted, and the awareness of the dominant position I had in this research as a young white heterosexual woman from the lower middle class of the French provinces. The second chapter deals with the discourses and practices of two types of women who accompany migrant women on a daily basis: psychologists and social workers. The women have a new geography of intimacy assigned to themselves as they arrive in France : their experiences are constructed according to the dominant categories of understanding of the society of arrival, their social difficulties are depicted as psychological and they are described in terms of postcolonial representations of the condition of « African » and « Arabic » women. The third section of the work looks at the ways in which, faced with these stereotypes and with the denial of rights, the migrant women resist these constraints. Ethnographic methods unearth the determinants of these women’s discourses and practices, along with an emphasis on trajectories and experiences of belonging, and material practices. They cast light on the social differenciations between these women and their multi-location on different scenes (that of activism, that of residence, that of work and their migration project). A geographical approach allows for a contextual, in-depth analysis of the materiality of places, spatial practices and appropriation, between public and private space, from rootedness in the local to the enforced mobility of seeking housing with the emergency services (115), from body to home, from neighbourhood to city and to the borders of the nation
Paixaõ, Helena Heloísa. "Santé et classes populaires au Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0121.
Full textGarnot, Benoît. "Classes populaires urbaines au XVIIIe siècle l'exemple de Chartres." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375947588.
Full textGarnot, Benoît. "Classes populaires urbaines au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple de Chartres." Rennes 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN20013.
Full textLe, Lay Stéphane. "Autonomie individuelle et précarisation : dispositifs publics et souffrance sociale en classes populaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818951.
Full textQuijoux, Maxime. "Autogestions et appropriations du travail par les classes populaires en Argentine." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030115.
Full textSince the 1990s in Argentina, both the crisis and the collapse of the national economy (December 19th and 20th 2001) led thousands of workers to take over their company and turn it into their own. Though the strife was tough at times, most takes did become work cooperatives. The striking point about these specific upturns resides in the composition of their members: they highly differ from well-known past experiments of the kind for the new associates were zealously and closely linked to their employer. Indeed, the creation of the cooperatives was often delayed. We may even add that these employees had no other choice in order to reach their only goal which was to keep their work at all cost. In this light, it is of paramount interest to focus on the origins of the mobilization; the way they organized themselves is mainly relevant: on the one hand, what were the reasons that motivated model employees to turn against their employer? On the other hand, how did they struggle? Meanwhile they agreed with their former administration's politics, we may wonder how they eventually managed to gather their strengths and cooperate to make the best of their cooperative? What were the issues they had to overcome? Based on an eighteen months-long field work combining interviews as well as times of both neutral and participant observation in the heart of two industries, Brukman (clothing business) and La Nueva Esperanza (helium balloons), this thesis aims at questioning the status of work and its derived blue-collar cultures through the theoretical stance labeled “the appropriations of work”
Siblot, Yasmine. "Paperasse, guichets et modernisation de l'accueil : les rapports pratiques entre classes populaires et administrations." Paris, EHESS, 2003. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/faire-valoir-ses-droits-au-quotidien--9782724609867.htm.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the relations between the inhabitants of a suburban city close to Paris and local public administrations. It aims to understand both the ambivalent relations between popular classes and public institutions, and the effects of the transformations of the public services. The research is based on a field work in a working class area composed of public housing and small houses, in the post office, the social center, and the town hall. The first part examines the practices of the inhabitants. It shows that the relations with administrations are relations of domination but alos relations of integration, and that dwellers have recourse to public services as a claim for rights and not for charity. These integrative processes are especially developped in the three local public services i studied, as the second part shows it. The relations with street level bureaucrats working at the front office and inhabitants are ambivalent : these employees have an authority but are subordinate, and their position is indefinite between the middle and the working class. Their attitudes towards inhabitants vary between distance end familiarity, through day-to-day encounters. The last part underlines how the policies of "modernization" in public services undermines this familiarity. These policies are based on managerial objectives and aim to redefine the relations to working class. They lead to a new conception of the employees' work that is far from their actual practices, and may reinforce the stigmatisation of the inhabitants of working class areas in administrations
Lang, Marion. "Publics populaires : Logiques de participation et production des positions sociales au sein des classes populaires urbaines : Une comparaison entre Barcelone et Marseille." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES051.
Full textCrossing an intersectional sociology of working-classes and a sociology of participation's public, this research analyzes the social hierarchization of urban working-classes through participation policies. Based on an ethnographic investigation conducted in two working-class neighborhoods in Barcelona (Ciutat Meridiana) and Marseille (Malpassé), the thesis shows that participation policies are deployed in local spaces of participation which lie between militant space, political field and public action. The category of participation is locally appropriated by participation entrepreneurs who work on the modes of categorization of the public in the mobilization of an ordinary public. In Barcelona, they mobilize the new inhabitants of minority ethnic groups. In Marseille, a social homology between participation entrepreneurs and the ordinary public leads to the mobilization of women from minority ethnic groups of the working class. The legitimization of this public, in turn, induces other logics of participation on the part of other groups that escape institutional frameworks. On the one hand, we are witnessing the demobilization of the precarious sections of the popular classes by disqualifying the objects of their demands and because of their social and ethnic dominated position in the local space. On the other hand, by relying on the resources of the local space of participation, a third group of public, coming from the more stabilized fractions of the popular classes, is testing local norms by participating in a different way
Boughaba, Yassin. "Citoyennetés populaires en Suisse : Sociabilités et politique à Renens (1945-2013)." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2033.
Full textMy dissertation examines working-class citizenships, i.e. plural forms of political commitment of deprived individuals. It aims to establish findings on political participation of working-class people from a local study on ‘upper’ working-class, i.e. workers and lower employees who are however involved in volunteering or political activities. The purpose of this piece of research is to identify social divisions among the working-class and their consequences on political participation of deprived individuals. I have analyzed several commitments – in parties, unions, associations and during elections – in different historical contexts. Drawing on historical and ethnographic inquiries as well as statistical data, this study shows that the commitment in the Parti Ouvrier et Populaire of workers of the Swiss Federal Railways in the 1940’ is related to an exclusion of workers of the private sector; that the division between Swiss workers and foreign workers appears in the xenophobic statements held in the Swiss Workers’ Union during the 1960’ and the 1970’; and finally that, in the 2000’, although foreign residents are now involved in volunteering and political activities – the volunteer fire department and the local committee of the Parti Ouvrier et Populaire –, they are still discriminated in these organizations
Kocadost, Fatma. "Ethnographie d'un réseau amical de femmes maghrébines des classes populaires en France." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH157.
Full textAt the intersection of sociology of work and ethnography of the private life of working-class households, this thesis is devoted to the articulation of the professional and the domestic sphere. It addresses issues of reproduction and social emancipation linked to women’s investment in work and/or family life by taking into account structures and relations of domination, as well as on women’s subjectivities. The research is based on the longitudinal follow-up (between 4 and 6 years old) of about twenty women of Maghrebian origin living in Ile de France. Five interconnected friendship networks are at the heart of an investigation based on observations of these women’s private and public life, recorded interviews and a series of photos. Indeed, the thesis indicates that the priority these women give to motherhood over employment can be traced back to a negative relation to work fueled –amongst others- by arduous working conditions, precarious forms of employment and the daily experience of subordination. Nevertheless, it shows that marital and parental investment also stem from a desire to transmit certain values through family, notably religious values. To sum it up, family is of particular importance, not only because it constitutes a refuge from the working sphere, but also because it allows for the realization of a cultural and moral project. Besides, by emphasizing women’s collective capacity of imagination, this thesis indicates that feminine subjectivities are a site of symbolic struggle against class contempt, social illegitimacy and islamophobia. This thesis also adresses epistemological and methodological questions related to feminist ethnography. In order to produce a situated knowledge, the ethnographic relation is designed as a “touching vision “, allowing for both a circulation and a confrontation of differentiated positions
Deffontaines, Pierre. "« Survivre » 25 ans après la chute de l'URSS : classes populaires et marchés dans les espaces ruraux ukrainiens." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH016.
Full textIn Ukraine, rural inhabitants regularly use the verb “viživati” (to survive) to describe their situation and their diverse economic activities. In so doing, they highlight different aspects of their practices: - their permanent efforts to make the ends meet, to provide their family with food, clothing, health care or tuition fees; - the decline of their standard of living; - their desire for a better life in a “developed” and stable economy; - the temporary and fragile balance of their daily arrangements; - and a resentment against the State, “people in power” (“lûdì pri vladi”) or employers, who do not pay as they used to (“robota ne cinuêt’câ”). This local perception of economic realities is reinforced in Ukraine today in the afterwards of the upheaval of Maidan and the war on the eastern part of the country in 2014. Inflation rate increased and reached 60% in april 2015. This new crisis happen after a period of growth and relative stability during the 2000s.Through a field research in a district in central Ukraine, the thesis explain and qualify this impression of generalized “survival”. It shows the social regularity and reproduction beyond coping practices. The research catches and sketches the social logics, which give forms to the mostly “informal” economy.The analysis is based on methods of sociology of work and economic anthropology. It discusses two corpuses: the post-socialist studies, mostly in English and specialized on this area, and the sociology of social classes that is recently developed, in France notably. The ethnographic and localized field research has been central to this analysis. It has allowed an observation of different relations (domestic, commercial transactions or employment relations) and also of local administrations who try to regulate economic activities. The research stem also on archives material, on interviews with local and national officials and on statistical analysis. The data from the Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, which comprise more than 7000 observations and 3000 households, have been used to test the hypothesis from the field. The successive chapters of the thesis explore different social spaces: domestic spaces, the fields from agricultural enterprises, building sites, markets of agricultural products.The main results concern the social processes of local economic regulation, beyond and below legal and administrative rules. On one hand, the local job market is dominated by agricultural enterprises. Despite the reforms of privatization and the new system of employment, those enterprises are still in the hands of the former soviet managers or their heirs. Maintained hierarchies in the system of production stand in favor of an approach of the local situation through the reproduction of social classes.On the other hand, in a context of uncertainty and institutional transformation at a national level, groups of affiliation and local reputation play an important role in determining social positions. In postsocialist rural areas, the social structure is not only defined through positions at work but also out of work, on markets of agricultural products. The sexual division of labor and the small economic differences between households are structuring for social differentiation and inequalities. Position in local groups of affiliation is determinant to get access to larger markets and to long distance transactions.This field research in Ukraine, through the upheaval of the past 20 years, represents an opportunity to question approaches of social spaces in context of crisis. Frames of institution of economic practices and the national level of analysis of social hierarchies can not be taken for granted. In this way, the localized ethnography proposed here is a contribution to a global sociology of social classes
Parise, Fanny. "Habiter et consommer le logement social : une approche stratégique de l'habiter des classes populaires et moyennes sous contraintes de pouvoir d'achat." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H001/document.
Full textIn 2014, what is the "sense of living"? The evolution of French legislation creates a social housing commodification process already begun. "Large contractors" and housing professionals join forces to develop a new offer of social housing to intermediate middle class. The rise of the global middle class and the economic crisis produces differentiated patterns of consumption and housing demand considering new societal trends. The renewed interest since the 2000s for alternative housing (including cohousing) positions innovation in housing in a co-construction approach (builder, architect, sociologist). These context effects are part of a comprehensive approach to the diversity of the inhabitants of the middle class practices. The heterogeneity of this social group, through plural lifestyles, illustrates the deployment strategies and residential choices that reflect a singular relative to each other, a report to the specific world; whose "big contractors" is trying to grasp the meaning and complexity
Mirande, Gisèle. "Environnements urbains, sociabilites et chances de reussite scolaire dans les classes populaires : les quartiers-nord de marseille." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0113.
Full textThe north side of marseilles is an archetype of these urban environments stigmatized by the common report : working class districts, densely populated by foreigners and where the feeling of insecurity increase every day. Within this context, children are seen in a despairingly pessimistic way : they are doomed to school failure and at more long-term to unemployment. The objective of this work is to go beyond this negative view and to analyse the children chances of school success in a broader outlook, through the multidimensional dynamic that make a child a pupil and determine a certain level of school ability. In other words, to put on perspective the children school results by means of an examination of the articulation between their socioeconomic characteristics and their glance over school, the parents attitudes towards school, the "family atmosphere" and the ways of sociabilities. It emerges from the study that the north side of marseilles is not subject to a special sociological law : social membership is a deciding factor; girls are more successful than boys; non-european children are not less successful when their living conditions are comparable; the unemployment of the father is a particularly unfavourable factor. Generally speaking, it appears that children, as parents, are motivated. However, positive attitudes towards school are not enough for ensure that pupils will succeed. They need to go with educative plans, pedagogical skills, only able to affect in a visible way the heaviest social determinisms. It appears also that the north side schools, even with an identical "social tonality" do not succeed in the same way. Consequently, in this globally unfavourable context, educational establishments have a significant capacity to act
Sanchez, Trenado Corentin. "« Faire ressource » en quartier populaire: Analyse des logiques d’interaction entre activités économiques et habitants des classes populaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/326534.
Full textOption Géographie du Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wilkis, Ariel. "Capital moral et pratiques économiques dans la vie sociale des classes populaires de la banlieue de Buenos Aires." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0015.
Full textThe sociological literature on working class' s neighbourhoods, distinguish them as places of collective action, political sociability, local solidarity, social identity, but rarely are mentioned or analysed monetary practices. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the social uses of the judgments and evaluations in relation to monetary circulations between and to the poor. The stages of field work (develops between 2006 y 2010) have been developed in the poor districts of the municipality of La Matanza, located in the western suburbs of Buenos Aires. Our hypothesis is : the circulation of currency values is a unit of observation of the moral values of the poor (and its relations with other classes). Each chapter presents itself as a singular exploration to demonstrate this hypothesis
Gros, Julien. "Des classes populaires à la lisière du salariat : une analyse des bûcherons entre emploi, marché et stratification sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0103.
Full textWhereas most workers became salaried during the 20th century, lumberjacks have stayed on the margins of the wage system: in France, today, a lumberjack is usually a self-employed or piece-worker. The activity of lumberjacks thus highlights a theoretical tension: it is a manual job but it is practiced outside of the wage model. The goal of my thesis is to determine the conditions under which such a self-employed sector of the labor market can offer stability to working-class men in the working world. To this end, I conducted a localized analysis of forms of employment, market mechanisms and class relations from the point of view of both employers and workers. This research is based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of data collected during a six-year long fieldwork in a French rural region. This mixed-method strategy offers an opportunity to reflect on the possibility of the quantitative analysis of ethnographic material. The thesis identifies the various forms of subcontracting and highlights the role of the "capital of autochtony" (capital d'autochtonie) in the segmentation of the labor market: the hardest work is outsourced via the import of (often foreign) workers, allowing some independent lumberjacks to achieve economically stable positions despite the insecurity of their status. This research examines the effects of the distance from the wage system on the social trajectories of working-class men: being a self-employed lumberjack enables them to capitalize on distinctive resources at a time when the local labor market offers little prospect of upward mobility. Thus, I show the interest there is to consider these effects as a result of market mechanisms as well as class relations in a localized social space
Gilbert, Pierre. "Les classes populaires à l’épreuve de la rénovation urbaine : transformations spatiales et changement social dans une cité HLM." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20110.
Full textThis research, which lies at the intersection between the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, analyses the effects of urban renewal in areas of social housing, taking as its starting point a monograph of the social-housing estate of Les Minguettes in Vénissieux, in the south-eastern suburbs of Lyon. It first underlines the fact that this public policy, which follows in the tradition of public action aimed at controlling settlement patterns, uses residential space as a lever for social transformation, thus extending control over the working classes to the “private realm”, a sphere ordinarily exempt from such power relations. By analysing the practices of landlords and the residential trajectories of inhabitants, it sheds light on the consequences of transforming housing and of the many different forms of residential mobility generated by demolition and rebuilding operations. While only a minority of households, from the most stable sections of the working classes, typically remain in such neighbourhoods, these operations do not, however, radically change the broadly working-class character of the population, and tend above all to result in an accentuation of the internal hierarchies and differentiation processes at play within the local space. Lastly, this work reveals the various ways – depending on individual profiles and trajectories – in which these residential transformations affect dominant lifestyles locally: they challenge household equilibrium, encouraging inward-looking attitudes that focus on the private sphere, and affect residents’ relations with the surrounding neighbourhood, which are marked by greater reserve and a tendency to distance themselves from neighbours
Couvry, Camille. "Beauté, classe sociale et empowerment ("empotentiation") : les jeunes femmes de classes populaires dans les élections de Miss en Normandie." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL021.
Full textBased on qualitative fieldwork on beauty pageants in two French cities, our PhD work shows how both the process of the contests and beauty as such may in fact empower young French women coming from the lower classes. Whereas beauty pageants and the “beauty work” have been criticized by second wave feminists (in the 1970s) as a tool of oppression against the emancipation of women, there seems to be a possibility of empowerment for the participants in the pageant process. The analysis focuses on demonstrating how the pageant process encourages the participants to use beauty and the normative physical appearance of (lower-)middle-class femininity to assert themselves, to become self-confident and empowered. The class, sex and age characteristics of the participants reinforce the hypothesis that beauty and beautifi-cation effectively constitute available resources for empowerment and emancipation, even within a limited margin of upward social mobility in a society where beauty, as an individual attribute, offers some real social benefits. Our work suggests that the dynamics of empowerment should be conceptualised in close relation to social class, beauty and gender, and highlights the deployment of these dynamics in the context of beauty pageants
Cohen, Déborah. "Le peuple : de l'Autre au différent : la construction des identités individuelles et collectives des classes populaires (France, XVIIIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0148.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes, in its first part, discourse on social identity in eighteenth-century France, and more particulary, discourses on popular identities. Sources are administrative, literary and judicial. For most of the first half of the eighteenth century, discourse on social identity forms part of a deductive mode of thought, which eclipses the individual in favor of the group and presents social conditions as essences. In the mid -1760's, a contrasting empiricist and "nominalist" trend emerges along with individual representations of people from the popular classes. We propose that redefining popular identities is linked to the struggle of the elite classes to define themselves. The second part of this dissertation discusses how this identity discourse influences the peoople. The primary sources for this section are drawn from the judicial archives of the Châtelet de Paris and the Bastille. We explore the signs of the embodiment of maning, namely, through the analysis of individual dreams, and acts which the people of the popular classes appropriate to temporarily play roles of authority, although these identities are in reality, out of reach. But, our observation of daily interactions (in the legal system, the workplace, and on the street) shows evidence of a pragmatic culture that escapes definition by the elite. This pragmatism constitutes a meeting point for popular reasoning and the new logic of elite culture following the empiricist trend
Billaud, Solène. "Partager avant l'héritage, financer l'hébergement en institution : enjeux économiques et mobilisations familiales autour de personnes âgées des classes populaires." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0064.
Full textLocated at the intersection of a sociology of kinship ties, of a sociology of aging and of a sociology of lower classes, this dissertation aims to uncover the various economics questions emerging when an elderly person with modest revenues and patrimony enters a nursing home. Based on a set of family cases (reconstituted through interviews) combined with statistical and institutional data, the dissertation focuses on the mobilization of the kin at this very specific moment. In particular, it zooms in on the debates about the former housing of the elderly, just as on their personal belongings. The analysis shows that, following the institutionalization, these goods are first of all "placed on hold" a, long as possible in order to conceal the new situation. Ln the middle run the remaking of the former place leads to the creation of a quasi inheritance" adapting some of the inheritance laws. When insufficient to fund the stay in the institution the income of the elderly person can be supplemented by resorting to her patrimony as well as through negotiated financial contributions from the members of the family. The control over the rights the documentation and the money of the nursing home resident arc consequently granted to family managing caregivers” whose mandate is to both preserve the autonomous funding of the resident's new life, and limit the contribution of the family. Ta capture these questions, the dissertation pays a special attention to the various and interlocking effects of kin status, gender, and interfamilial social inequalities to demonstrate the specificity of the transition to institution for elderly people from the lower classes
Hadj, Belgacem Samir. "Représenter les "quartiers populaires" ? : une socio-histoire de l'engagement électoral et partisan dans les cités d'une municipalité communiste." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0039.
Full textAt the intersection of social history of local power, ethnography of electoral canvassing, and sociology of spokespersons, this thesis focuses on the study of the conditions of the electoral representation of the inhabitants of deprived estates in a former communist local council in the suburbs of Paris. It deals with the process of developing spokespeople and their access to the local power. The survey is based on thorough research, which included interviews with people from a wide variety of political backgrounds, direct observations, and the analysis of archives for study of relative statistics. Thisthesis shows that the poor representation of spokespeople from deprived estates among the elected members of the local councils isn’t so much linked to a lack of vocation as to a lack of prospects in a closed electoral market and in a context of devaluation of partisan commitment. The first part of this thesis accounts for the decline in the working class pattern of representation among the popular classes and the widening of the social gap between the elected members of the municipal left and the minority groups from the popular classes. The second part explains how the roles of community workers are becoming a route for spokespeople and providing an alternative pattern for activists, to guide theworking class youth into the new political arena which focuses on the struggles in the area of local power. Finally, the third part considers the process of bringing a range of conflicts into the electoral landscape. The recruitment in the elections of the youth workers from deprived estates goes through several stages, ranging from attempts to form an alliance with the municipal left to a process of partisan competition, then opposition
Cayouette-Remblière, Joanie. "Le marquage scolaire : une analyse "statistique ethnographique" des trajectoires des enfants de classes populaires à l'Ecole." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0060.
Full textMass education has changed the role school plays in life cycles since the 1980's. However, students from low socio-economic backgrounds are still more likely to drop out from school than students from privileged milieus, and less likely to get the most prestigious credentials. This dissertation thus explores: (1) why and how lower-class students fail or succeed at school in the age of mass education, and (2) what a new and prolonged socialization period at school me ans for these students -in terms of schemes of perception, but also of social dispositions. This thesis draws on original and rich materials (notably individual school files), and on a new analytical method, which relies on what 1 cali "ethnographical statistics". Namely, 1 use school records to get a fine-grained perspective on the school and professional careers oftwo cohorts of students, and 1 systematically confront the results to those of parallel ethnographical investigations. This method will be presented in a preliminary chapter. The thesis is then divided into three parts. The first part sets the social and geographical stage of the study. The second part offers a new perspective on the development of inequalities within the collège unique. The third part analyses the social and institutional mechanisms which drive selection processes at the end of middle school, throughout high schools, and within vocational education
Balteau, Emilie. "Rénovation urbaine et continuités populaires : une recherche socio-filmique en ville moyenne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE013/document.
Full textRooted in the monograph of a social housing neighborhood situated in a middle-sized city (Auxerre) and leaning on a theoretical framework rehabilitating social class, this thesis addresses the effects of the contemporary urban renewal on the targeted neighborhoods' population, through two forms (a text and a movie).The research shows how urban renewal, while transforming spaces and the composition of the local population, creates a movement of differentiation between neighborhoods and sectors, which tends to widen the (social) divide between housing estates and detached houses (that convey character to the “new” neighborhood in question). In doing so, urban renewal rebrands the socio-residential status of the inhabitants that are playing a game of complex detachment – which can be observed in the various connections they have with space, whether in terms of representation or conduct.Meanwhile, through the connections to space, made of differences and oppositions, the research shows urban renewal as a global probation in which the inhabitants' communal belonging to working classes gets confirmed. While putting their wealth and connections to the test, it underlines the narrowness of their economic resources and reveals the fundamental importance of local sociability.The latter contributes to a number of reappropriation attempts that punctuate the words and customs of the inhabitants, and demand not to give way to a unilateral domination, as essential as the practical and symbolic constraints in which the working classes evolve may seem
Souza, Joiciane Aparecida de. "Les politiques de discrimination positive dans les grandes écoles : l'expérience de Sciences Po et de ses "inclus de l'extérieur"." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H010.
Full textThis dissertation aims to verify the extent to which policies of affirmative action contribute to the access and success of lower class youth in the context of the French grandes écoles (elite colleges), by analysing the experience of Educational Priority Conventions (CEP) set up by the Institute of Political Studies in Paris (“Sciences Po”). A questionnaire was submitted to students admitted through the CEP (52 responses) and a second one to students admitted to “Sciences Po” through the four admission procedures: CEP, entrance exam, grade distinction and an international procedure (1,441 responses). Next, interviews were conducted with 31 students admitted to “Sciences Po” through the different admission procedures. We found that the beneficial effects of the CEP procedure are quite random. The CEP certainly diversifies the group of elite students to some extent – it is the procedure that recruits the highest proportion of students from the lower classes in “Sciences Po” – but our data also shows that the favoured social classes remain overrepresented compared to their proportion of the French population, even for this procedure, and that the actual number of students admitted through the CEP is quite small. The latter group of students, while contributing to a relative ethnic, social, cultural and territorial diversity within the Institute, live the process of integration differently from other students. In general, they feel and are seen by other students, at least initially, as "included from the outside", with a markedly different habitus and a lower linguistic, educational, cultural, social and economic capital. Although the evaluation of the CEP and its impacts by the students of “Sciences Po” is generally positive, they still believe that the procedure can be improved in some areas
Cornic, Anita. "La pratique du chant choral en Angleterre, pilier d'une entreprise moralisatrice à destination des classes populaires, 1840-1901." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20025.
Full textThis study undertakes to analyse to what extent the creation of amateur choral societies in Victorian England derived from an attempt by the middle classes to control popular leisure. Convinced not only of the educational but also of the moral functions of this pastime, they hoped to offset social unrest and fight endemic alcoholism in the new industrialized society. Popular singing classes took place in mechanics' institutes, in temperance societies, at church or chapel. Many choral societies, whose membership was drawn from singing classes, became the flag bearers of ideological or religious groups. The success of the festivals that ensued followed the development of means of transport and of a simplified sight-singing method, Tonic Sol-fa. The phenomenon we have undertaken to study, which is pervaded by a form of philanthropy verging on paternalism and backed by the " self-help " principle, questions class relationships in the cultural - here musical - area
Jourdan, Silvère. "Du processus de métropolisation à celui de la gentrification, l’exemple de deux villes nord-méditerranéennes : Barcelone et Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3081/document.
Full textEconomic and social changes of old industrial societies have contributed to the transformation of the downtown of many cities. The centripetal flow of capital and population has initiated and intensified in recent decades. The suburbs of cities, initially so attractive, seems to decline for a new type of population who prefers the downtown way of life. This is gentrification. Barcelona, and most recently Marseille, have not escaped this dynamic. Firstly, based on interdisciplinary works, this thesis proposes to record the definition of the process and to grasp the steps and procedures in the field. However, this study leads us to understand the gentrification as an aspect of metropolization, in its economic, urban, social, political and cultural dimensions. Since the 1990s, what have the changes been, that allow us to affirm that "a back to the city" is running? A quantitative approach based on an extensive statistical corpus and the confrontation of these statistical results of the qualitative data, we can answer this question, while revealing an idiosyncratic reality that questions the theory. Finally, the modes and rates of development of a process that is no longer confined to the old and central areas but spreads by capillary action in the inner-suburbs, demonstrates in both north -Mediterranean cities, that there is not one process of gentrification but differentiated processes
Goulet, Vincent. "Usages et circulations des informations médiatiques dans les milieux populaires : enquête sur la construction des "lieux communs médiatiques"." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0149.
Full textConsidering news as ordinary cultural goods, this research tries to understand their reception in the working class. The field of investigation is a popular district in the suburban area of Bordeaux. The circulation of news in the public space is studied through observations. Their uses in the private sphere are studied through interviews. It appears that the frequentation of media depends directly on the social and cultural capital that individual people have. It also depends on their social position and background. Children are also at the heart of the process of media reception. Secondly, we endeavour to understand why particular news, such as news in brief, sports, celebrity columns and some economic and social issues, are well-adjusted to popular interest. It seems that news is not only elements of knowledge allowing people to build their opinion or justify their action. News has at least three other functions: the accumulation and maintenance of relational capital, identity reinforcement, transmission and education through the affirmation of norms. The doxa function of news media is reaffirmed in the way they produce social representations that are taken for granted. This form of social framing is less the result of a conscious plan of the dominant class than the actual effect of the media field. This field is particularly heteronomous, because it is structured by the social interactions and the material and symbolic struggles which run through aIl society. As shown by the analyses of different news contents and of a popular radio talk show, the production of a " media common sense" is first explained by the relationships between classes
Coppola, Maurizio. "L'italianité et le folklore. Représentations et usages des traditions populaires en Italie : du romantisme au fascisme (1800-1932)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0150.
Full textSince 1800, folklore, or the study of popular culture, has encountered a constant development in Italy. This is primarily a direct result of the country’s political unification and its subsequent evolution as a modern nation. Up until the Second Congress of Popular Culture (1932) discussions on Italian identity or what is referred to as “italianity” have constituted the dominant references in debates and folklore studies. From Romanticism to Fascism, by way of Positivism and Idealism, popular culture’s “italianity” has been diversely yet constantly evoked by folklorists in the aim of determining a fundamental Italian “spirit”, capable of granting strength, a sense and legitimacy to the country’s political unification. In a more variable and general manner, this identity has been perceived as an aesthetic one, that is, as an artform consisting of a particular way of being and expressing one’s self, characteristic to all Italians throughout time and space and belonging solely to them
A partire dell'Ottocento, il folklore o lo studio delle tradizioni popolari ha conosciuto uno sviluppo costante in Italia e questo è strettamente connesso all'unificazione politica del paese e alla sua evoluzione come nazione moderna. Fino al secondo Congresso di tradizioni popolari (1932), il discorso sull'identità italiana o sull'italianità è stato il riferimento centrale dei dibattiti e degli studi dei folkloristi. Dal romanticismo al fascismo, passando per il positivismo e l'idealismo, l'italianità delle tradizioni popolari è stata, in maniera diversa ma costante, di volta in volta rievocata dai folkloristi per determinare uno "spirito" fondamentale degli Italiani, dando forza, senso e legittimità all'unità politica del paese. E, in modo variabile ma generale, questo spirito è percepito come un'identità estetica, ovvero un'arte specifica d'essere e d'esprimersi comune agli Italiani nel tempo e nello spazio
Girard, Violaine. "Un territoire périurbain, industriel et ouvrier : promotions résidentielles de ménages des classes populaires et trajectoires d'élus salariés intermédiaires de l'industrie dans la Plaine de l'Ain." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0095.
Full textBased on the case of the Plain of the Ain, a rural industrialised area in neighborhood of the Lyon city, the report highlights in a contextualized approach two current main trends within far suburban areas: how industrial operation are moved to outskirts of large cities, and how popular classes remain in the foreground within residential spaces remote from downtowns. As a plot of recent industrial re-location (i. E. Nuclear plant and industrial enclosure), the Plain of the Ain is also since the 80's a favourite area where workers and employees become householders. While dominated by intermediate professions of the industry and blue collar workers, the population differs from precarious popular classes as well as from graduated middle-classes. Using statistics, town and county archives and materials from ethnographic research, the approach helps analyze the recomposition process which impacts the stable parts of popular classes, and political representation within suburban blue-collar towns, whereas this topic was rarely researched until now
Prigent, Léone. "La Perception du vêtement féminin des élites et des classes populaires à Strasbourg, Mulhouse et Colmar (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles) : image de soi, image de l'autre." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20012.
Full textThe aim of this study is to question perceptions of female clothing in Alsace in the seventeenth and eighteenth-centuries. The analysis focuses both upon the image and representation that individuals seek to present through their clothing and also upon the way in which clothing affects perceptions of social groups or the inhabitants of a particular province. .
Kossoy, Alicia. "Identités et trajectoires subjectives des jeunes pauvres en Argentine." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS015S.
Full textThis thesis aims at deconstructing the concept of "young poor", based on the analysis of identity issues in urban, working-class youth in Argentina in the early twenty-first century. To this end, it analyzes the tensions between three key elements of the social dynamic. The first element is the inflicted look (the identity one constructs from other’s look). The second element is the social conditioning (inherited capital in the cultural, social and economic sense). The third element is young people’s aspirations (the identity they aim at). The analysis of their "subjective paths" is supported by a description of their "relational transactions" and "biographical transaction". It explores the identity-building process within the institutions invested by young people: school, family and work. The social inclusion process is seen in a new way, emphasizing the changes and continuities in popular culture. Breaking with the previous generation, the middle school has become a reference range in the socialization of the working class youth. By their mode of experiencing schooling – with discontinuous cycles longer spells – the school institution itself has been transformed. The results found here contradict the thesis of disaffiliation and breaking of social ties. We find a strong social inclusion of young people within their families: solidarity within the family is strong. The work has not lost its centrality, which takes a central place in the construction of the social identities of popular youth, against the theses on the peak of the non-travail culture and dependence on public assistance
Perronnet, Clémence. "La culture scientifique des enfants en milieux populaires : étude de cas sur la construction sociale du goût, des pratiques et des représentations des sciences." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN076/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the way working class children’s practices and representations of science areconstructed. It aims to renew the approach of persistent inequalities in access to science pathwaysand careers, in which women and people from the working class and/or ethno-racial minoritiesremain largely underrepresented. In order to question power relationships underlying access toscience in a new way, this research considers science not only as a body of knowledge and aprofessional eld, but also as a culture. Evidence for this study comes from longitudinal interviewsconducted with about 50 children (two interviews, in the 4th and 6th grade) and with parents,teachers, and science mediators. The analysis also relies on the detailed ethnographic study (4years of observation in classrooms) of an educational project aimed at promoting equality inscience which involved part of our sample, thus questioning the effects of this type of program.The thesis establishes that the social construct of gendered, classed and racialised patterns ofattitudes to science is the result of science-related cultural practices developed during childhood.On the one hand, several instances of cultural socialization (family, siblings, peers, school)combine to favor or hinder the development of children’s science hobbies. On the other hand, thescientific culture that children from the working class consume and practice leads them to constructrepresentations of science as other, and devoid of identificatory possibilities. This discourages girlsand boys from formulating science aspirations
Allab, Fatiha. "La classe ouvrière algerienne : essai théorique et pratique : le cas d'Annaba." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100095.
Full textDafflon, Alexandre. "La socialisation au village : encadrement des jeunes et apprentissage du politique en milieu rural." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0034.
Full textMy dissertation examines the political socialization of rural youth in Switzerland. Based on a long-term ethnography of juvenile sociabilities in the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, it aims at capturing the processes of political learning among apolitical organizations : the rural youth organizations. By tracing back the previous processes of socialization and by focusing on rural youth’s perception of their own cultural practices, my dissertation shows how they form a particular group in rural areas. Hence, it describes how the rural youth learn to attach value to the moral of effort and duty, that distinguishes themselves from other social groups, whether they come from the "top" or the "bottom". In this context, sexuality plays a major role. It makes hetero-masculine perseverance one of the criteria for acquiring social respectability. Finally, this work deals with the translation of a worldview characterized by class and gender inequalities into the field of politics. It shows that if young people learn how to push politics aside in order to avoid the imposition of cultural domination in their youth organisation, they are encouraged to adopt a "positive" vision of politics and to develop a sense of civic duty
Robin, Francoise. "Pratiques didactiques familiales et scolarisation en milieu populaire : enquête sur le traitement des devoirs scolaires dans des familles précarisées." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080003.
Full textFrom various theoretical models (sociology, psychology, philosophy), this thesis questioned the relationship between socialization patterns and social classes. More specifically, the study concerns the possibility of identifying specific features of written culture and dissemination of school form gathered under the name of "scripturo-scolaires" features, in remote families of the school world. In view of the important academic failure of students from the working-class and of the gradually shared responsibility for this failure to families, we observed parents assisting their child's homework. To go forward in the knowledge of parenting practices in this role attributed to them, the choice fell on the study of the time homework located at the interface of school and family. Analyses allowed to study what parents do with their children homework and what light this support brings in terms of resistance to school domination. The study covers the follow-up of six less stable popular families in French speaking Belgium during a school year. The research allowed to show different modalities of “relation to school” and “relation to learning” arranged in multiple ways in the families. They enable us to not qualify working classes assignment to the single mode of “oralo-pratique” socialization and, thus, to progress in the knowledge of these ones
Delfini, Antonio. "La ville conflictuelle : luttes pour le logement et transformations des quartiers populaires : le faubourg de Fives à Lille (1969-2016)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12027.
Full textThe "urban struggles" seem now to be an old story belonging to the golden age of the 1970's struggles. However, those mobilizations did not fully disappear and are even experiencing a revival as a result of the last waves of urban renewal. Those struggles, embodied by both neighbors and "users" of the working-class areas, take part in the transformation of the urban spaces where they emerge.This thesis questions the relations of mutual structuring between the process of transformation of the working-class areas and the movements of social protest built against the urban renewal process and the housing policies. At the crossroads between urban sociology and the sociology of social movements, this work offers an analytical reinterpretation of the French school of Marxist urban sociology.In this perspective, this thesis relies on the study of four social mobilizations that have emerged between 1969 and 2016 in a working-class neighborhood located in the eastern part of the city of Lille, Lille-Fives. A first historical inquiry analyses three mobilizations taking flesh in a struggle against the urban renewal that occurred during the 1970's and the 1980's. The second one is contemporary and studies an association born at the beginning of 2010 that is involved in the struggle against urban renewal and very active through housing syndicalism. This last work is quite in line with the research approach of action-research as the author is a member and a current employee of the association
França, Marina. "Intérêts, sexualité et affects dans la prostitution populaire : le cas de la zone bohème de Belo Horizonte." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0488.
Full textThis Ph. D is an analysis of the female sex work in the "Bohemian zone", a red-light district of low-level prostitution in downtown Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Starting from an ethnographic work and formal interviews, it examines the relationship in the hotels between sex workers and clients and compares them to those in other spaces of prostitution in the same city as well as in the Bois de Boulogne (Paris, France). Beyond sexual work, prostitutes must invest in the relationship with clients and develop commercial and emotional skills. In the Bohemian zone, most of the services are impersonal and repeat a standard model of verbal exchanges and sexual practices. However, some contacts engage more emotional interactions and sometimes even a transformation of the link. This work analyzes the intermingling between affects, economic transactions and sexuality in sex work. This is then analyzed in parallel with the private relationships of the prostitutes and, to a lesser extent, with those of the clients. The social context, working situations and love ties of sex workers are important to clarify the phenomenom of prostitution, as well as gender relations in working class groups. Also, the values they assign to sexuality and sex acts are revealed by sex workers through narratives about the client's sexual requests, about what they accept to do or not to do and of their own pleasures
Bianco, Sylvie. "Écrire avec les savoirs : écart entre attentes scolaires contemporaines et productions des élèves : analyse d’écrits d’élèves raccrocheurs issus des milieux populaires." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080105.
Full textOne of contemporary French society’s major information literacy challenges is the potentially growing achievement gap in the school system. The constraints of written expression in contemporary schools (essays and scripts based on complex documents) that are examined in this thesis place, at least, some pupils from working-class backgrounds in a disadvantaged position, amongst other reasons due to the implicit character of the situations they are presented with. The analysis of the characteristics of these scripts and the writing situations with which, the authors, returning drop-outs from underprivileged backgrounds are confronted with, shows that the various written expression enable pupil writers to different degrees to write whilst basing their argumentation on school knowledge. These scripts are compared with personal texts handling the subject of Returning to School which the author solicits from the individuals concerned and with interviews conducted with them. In such situations, the individuals mobilise cognitive and linguistic resources they do not use in in-school written expression. These results lead to questioning the way educational institutions take into account the obstacles that pupils encounter when attempting written expression and the way teachers’ training is built
Ramos, Ana Rosa Neves. "L'idée du peuple chez Jorge Amado : engagement politique et création romanesque." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030123.
Full textZunigo, Xavier. "La gestion publique du chômage des jeunes de milieux populaires : éducation morale, conversion et renforcement des aspirations socioprofessionnelles." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0053.
Full textIn introducing numerous measures to manage unemployment, the State remains a central player in the labour market of poorly qualified young people from underprivileged backgrounds. The institutions implementing these procedures have become the focal point in the socialization of young people's socio-professional skills. Through specific pedagogical initiatives, labour market integration professionals strive to balance the social profiles of this sector of the population with the realities of the employment markets. They intervene in relations with social structures and employers and encourage those concerned to embrace the paths of employment open to them. However, the apparent effectiveness of this work is not only the result of institutional intervention; integration into the labour market depends on the general social framework: a biographical order and the constraints of a more independent social life are driving forces behind a person's desire and ability to find stable employment
Launay, Lydie. "Les politiques de mixité par l’habitat à l’épreuve des rapports résidentiels : Quartiers populaires et beaux quartiers à Paris et à Londres." Paris 10, 2011. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419196.
Full textSince the early 2000s, the increasing social polarisation of Paris and London legitimates the development of new social mix strategies in a "social rebalancing" of the city perspective. The analysis of their foundations reveals the central role given to housing for "key actors of the city" and key workers, considered as central actors 'relay' of social mixing. The coexistence of these specific categories of the middle classes with popular classes and ethnic minorities would supposedly improve their integration to the city and widely, to the society. Based on empirical work conducted on operations in the low-status and wealthy neighbourhoods, this thesis questions this assumption by analyzing social relationships to residential areas of social groups putting in a situation of co-presence. It highlights four ways of living in the neighbourhood and of coexisting from a multidimensional approach: the social characteristics of individuals, the residential trajectory and how the new residential situation is experienced, and social and physical characteristics of the neighbourhood. In this perspective, it analyses the otherness relationships of individuals that establish the boundaries between them and the “others” through a social reading and also, at varying degrees, a racial reading of the social world
Gimel, Josué. "Les Africains sont dans la place : mises en scène de la vie privée dans les espaces publics d'Aubervilliers." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0012.
Full textThis PHD deals with a public place located in a Parisian suburb named Les Quatre-Chemins. The neighborhood is divided into two areas. The main one is part of Aubervilliers and the second one of Pantin, two cities of la Seine Saint-Denis (93). Quatre- Chemins is very poor and a lot of migrants from different waves of recent migrations live here. As it is full of food shops, drugstores and coffee shops, and as it hosts a subway station, urban life is very intense there. Secondly, the PHD deals with a second public sphere composed by the residents who apply to different social and cultural local policies dedicated to migrants in the city of Aubervilliers. The goal of the PHD is to reveal how sub-Saharan African migrants take place in these two public places and talk about themselves and their private life. How they define what is public and what is private and how they present the private part of their lives. The PHD reveals that in both public spaces, the cultural background of these migrants is neutralized in first place. This means that a few unconscious tricks work so that it seems impossible for the audience to interpret the acts of migrants as something which would be completely determined by their supposed belonging to an assigned migrant community. They can then act as individuals. In the urban public place of Les Quatre-Chemins, the neutralizing operator is composed by different interactional situations. Quatre-Chemins is then close to what Elijah Anderson calls a “cosmopolitan canopy”. In the political and local public space, the neutralizing effect is due to a political and ideological position of the municipality itself. Then, the PHD aims to understand how distinct groups of African migrants from different big cities of Senegal, Ivory Coast and Mali, take place in the streets and coffee shops of Les Quatre- Chemins. How they interact with different people who don’t come from the same regions and how they present themselves, their ethnical background, their working conditions and their private lives
Trenta, Arnaud. "La participation associative dans les quartiers populaires : associations, problèmes publics et configurations politiques locales dans la périphérie urbaine de Paris et de Buenos Aires." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0928/document.
Full textThis thesis is situated at the intersection of two historical phenomena: the publicization of social problems and the transformation of activist commitment. The research undertaken has sought to explain, through an approach that is both local and international in scope, the rise of grassroots volunteering since the 1970s in working-class urban neighborhoods on the periphery of Paris and Buenos Aires. The first part presents an analysis of the various political theories which relate to the voluntary movement, and discusses their place within an empirical sociological study of grassroots volunteering. The intellectual genealogy of the notion of civil society is considered in relation to the appearance of modern democracy, in order to situate the rise of volunteerism in recent decades within a larger historical perspective. Attention is given to the emergence of three characteristic themes: the third sector, social capital, and activism. The second part relates volunteerism to socio-economic transformations within the working class and to the development of social policy at the local community level. The study of grassroots organization in France reveals the importance of possibilities created by the breakdown of the communist political system in certain Paris suburbs (banlieues rouges) along with increased state intervention in working-class neighborhoods through urban policy initiatives. An analysis of the activities and the workings of the grassroots organizations which appeared in these neighborhoods between the 1980s and the 2000s, reveals that these organizations had the capacity to self-organize for the purpose of addressing public problems at a local level, and that tensions resulted from partnership arrangements with local public authorities. In Argentina, consequences of the labor society’s weakening in terms of working-class social solidarity in neighborhoods on the outskirts of Buenos Aires are analyzed through the prism of grassroots organizations operating in the wake of social movements among unemployed workers (piqueteros). The grassroots organization’s role as an intermediary for social policy raises questions concerning the link between these popular movements and public authorities, and the possible redeployment of Peronist corporatism. The third part relates volunteer participation to historical transformations within the principal working-class political parties and to the changes observed in the local political landscape. In France, popular withdrawal from communism and the disassociation of the Party’s former “satellite organizations” are considered through an analysis of a grassroots organization composed primarily of former communist partisans. Their personal trajectories as activists, as well as the workings of their organization, reveal the causes of a change in the operative forms of political commitment and give rise to questions concerning the processes by which these local organizations are made autonomous of political systems. In Argentina, new links emerging between the Justicialist party and the working class are considered through the study of an organization founded by Peronist partisans in a context where political institutions are represented as lacking legitimacy. The adaptation of these political activists to grassroots volunteerism is likewise indicative of changes in the operative forms of political commitment and gives rise to questions concerning the proximity between grassroots organizations and political parties
Fenard, Manon. "Médiation culturelle et inégalités sociales de réception des oeuvres en contexte scolaire." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080078.
Full textThis thesis proposes to interrogate the educational and cultural education partners of the school on their potential role in the construction of social inequalities of reception of works in school context. This thesis effectively demonstrates the socially contrasting nature of the aesthetic receptions undertaken by middle school students from different socio-academic backgrounds. We are interested in understanding how cultural mediation practices can contribute to reinforcing or reducing these inequalities. This thesis uncovers the practices that contribute to "passive and active differentiations" between students to the detriment of the most fragile students. We propose to study these misunderstandings, to compare the reception of the song and the contemporary art in order to treat more generally the artistic reception in a transversal way but also in order to bring out specificities related to these two mediating objects. Our party is essentially focused on the study of the cognitive processes involved in the scholarly reception of works of art, and on the intellectual formation that it presupposes for their "enigma" and their analytic and problematized reading. More generally, our research work intends to participate in a reflection on the necessary conditions of a formation of the scholarly thought of the students of popular milieus by the school confrontation with works of art
Jardin, Antoine. "Voter dans les quartiers populaires : dynamiques électorales comparées des agglomérations de Paris, Madrid et Birmingham." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0041/document.
Full textThis research studies the evolution of voting turnout in in Paris, Madrid and Birmingham’s deprived neighborhoods since 1999. In France, after the 2005 riots, both registration and turnout increased sharply during the 2007 presidential election in those places. Yet their inhabitants face numerous social and physical barriers, reducing the likelihood that they would vote. We try to explain this paradox using combined theoretical frameworks from urban sociology, electoral sociology, electoral geography and public policies in a comparative research design. The core hypothesis is that those social groups are increasingly involved in politics and in voting. This study uses several methodological tools involving aggregate data analysis, survey data analysis, polling station observation and field interviews. The results show that public policies designed to influence turnout are sharply divided. Universalistic approaches appear more likely to get voters to participate
Reyssat, François. "Dominations et résistances au travail : enquête sur l'expérience corporelle des ouvrières et ouvriers du nettoyage." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC031.
Full textThis thesis is about relations of dominance and the resistances they cause in cleaning work. More precisely, our subject is the corporeal experience of the cleaning workers. The study is based on an immersion of the author, who worked as a cleaner in three companies — two cleaning companies and a nursery. The data collected during this immersion are completed by interviews and quantitative data analysis. We can consider cleaners as a specific professional group, which is based on a shared social reality. The thesis then highlights an objective structure of the work, relations of dominance, bodies which are re-defined re-affirmed, or contested, using particularities of cleaning work, especially the fact that cleaning means producing an absence (of dirt). Some cleaners consider themselves « professionals » of cleaning, but a majority do not identify much to their work. Indeed, those individuals are dealing with some wider mecanisms. It is impossible to understand the actions and representations of cleaning workers without considering the fact they are also members of the working class, and evolve in a world which is not ruled only by their specific occupation
Tranchant, Lucas. "Les ouvriers du déplacement : travail en entrepôt et recompositions du salariat populaire en France (1980-2018)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE024.
Full textThis thesis analyses the remaking of the working class through the study of the professional world of logistics warehouse workers. The survey combines qualitative and quantitative analyses: an ethnography of warehouse work in Melun-Sénart, in the greater Paris region, and statistical analyses on the socio-economic characteristics, working conditions and professional trajectories of blue-collar workers at the national level. These expanding jobs have been part of the shift of workers to the tertiary sector and large metropolitan areas since the early 1980s. Logistics workers are a mobile workforce due to the development of precarious contracts (temporary, fixed-term contracts) and the difficult working conditions. The study of their very diverse and often complex careers raises questions about the conditions, costs and subjective drivers of vocational stabilization in workers' employment
Goutagny, Sarah. "L'affranchissement scolaire : une source anthropologique de l'inégalité scolaire." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0105.
Full textLearning failure is linked, first and above aIl, to literacy. Writing is not the means to lead the discourse of the savage mind to objectivity; it is the discovery of the intentionality of word, which debases the objective absolute value of oral language. Writing sets individual conceivable as a reality independent from its social truth. That is only for us, as we have become subjects of language, that the skill of language necessarily means rising to the power of word. The contrasting faces of learning inequalities first fit in the distance that working-class people keep up with the universe of book. If they have been, longer than the other social groups, excluded from literacy, they remain on the fringe of it, because it is merely at school that this acculturation comes to achievement for them. Besides, school inequalities are linked to the fortune of our educational conceptions which misjudge how individual is not an anthropological invariant. If school is an institution where individualism cormes to maturity, the fact remains that, within it, some are more individual than others
Rossigneux-Méheust, Mathilde. "Vivre, vieillir et mourir en institution au XIXè siècle : genèse d'une relation d'assistance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010691.
Full textFrom the French Revolution to World War I, an assistance program developed that offered elderly Parisians the possibility of living in an institutional home. The Parisian territory and its fifty old age institutions allows us, in as much as the great republican laws shaped both the assistance and insurance systems, to study the first generation of recipients assisted in the name of old age and a lack of resources. This thesis examines the construction of an administrative category, the formation of a population mostly over the age of 60 and of popular class origins, and the birth of a category of old age experiences. The formalization of a specific response to age-related miseries and the progressive movement away from detention institutions allow us to consider the Parisian disposition toward old age assistance as a form of recognition and as an attempt at economically, socially and politically integrate the most vulnerable members of the society. Yet, this integration of the elderly works from below, depriving the assistance recipients of a number of rights, and reproducing social hierarchies at work in the rest of the society. At the origins of implementing this social security for the elderly, the development of hospices and retirement homes in the nineteenth century takes part in the institutionalization of this life stage and in the construction of a new relationship between the French society and its elderly people, an ambivalent relationship based on benevolence and rejection, considerateness and deprecation, protection and surveillance