Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classes sociales – Congo (République démocratique)'
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Xiberras, Valérie. "Analyse du concept d'intellectuel à travers la figure sociale de l'"évolué" du Congo belge, 1945-1960 : de l'"évolué" à l'intellectuel : transition impossible." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28762.
Full textRubbers, Benjamin. "Congo Casino : Le monde social du capitalisme européen au Katanga (RDC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210891.
Full textLes Européens (Belges, Grecs et Italiens) du Katanga, dont le nombre s’est considérablement réduit au cours de la période post-coloniale, forment aujourd’hui le groupe le plus puissant de l’économie de la région. Au vu des troubles qui ont marqué l’histoire du Congo depuis l’indépendance, pourquoi sont-ils restés sur place ?Comment ont-ils développé leurs affaires dans une économie sur le déclin, en voie de marginalisation, et dans une structure politique patrimoniale de plus en plus instable ?Et quelle est leur place au sein de la société congolaise ?Telle est la triple question de départ à laquelle tente de répondre cette thèse en abordant de façon successive, au fil des chapitres, leur parcours migratoire, leur insertion dans la société congolaise, la dynamique de leur communauté, leur rôle dans les deux plus gros secteurs de la région, et leurs rapports avec les représentants de l’Etat. Elle prend appui pour ce faire sur une recherche de terrain conduite entre 2003 et 2004.
If the number of Europeans (Belgians, Greeks and Italians) living in Katanga has considerably decreased during the post-colonial period, they represent today the most powerful entrepreneurial group of the local economy. Once considered the troubles they came across since independence, why did they remain in the Congo? How did they develop their business in a declining economy, in process of marginalization, and in a patrimonial political structure, which proves to be more and more unstable? Finally, what is their place and role in Congolese society? These are the three questions this thesis tries to give an answer. Through the chapters, it studies the migration of expatriates in Africa, their relationship with Congolese society, the dynamics of their community, their role in the two most important sectors of Katanga, and the way they interact with the agents of the State. For this purpose, it rests upon a fieldwork research led between 2003 and 2004.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation anthropologie
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Makungu, Masudi Mwinyimali. "L' élevage péri-urbain à Kinshasa (République démocratique du Congo) : entre "débrouille" et "entreprise" : dynamismes économiques et représentations sociales." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010509.
Full textBols-Bola, André. "Kinshasa : réalités zaïroises traditionnelles et modernes, anthropologie d'une capitale africaine." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H010.
Full textThere is three parts in this work, in which: a. Five chapters collecting in the first part results of an inquiry made in eighteen administrative zones of Kinshasa, according to the following seven determinants: a. Choices and forms of marriages, b. Familial composition, c. Marriage duration, d. Professional and lucrative activities, e. Wages and revenues, f. Aspiration standings and g. Believes. The second part syntheses inquiry explanations and results, c. The thirst one includes appendices, which contains the collected documents. This study aim is the analysis of transformations which occur in Zairian kinship systems. The question is to know if colonial system has modified their logics
Mpuru, René Mazembe-Bias. "Urbanisation et crise alimentaire à Kikwit (Congo) : stratégies d'adaptation aux contraintes d'approvisionnements vivriers et alimentaires, et incidences sur la société urbaine." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30069.
Full textThe fall of the second republic in congo-kinshasa has brought great socio-economic consequences in the congolese cities. The rapid degradation of the country's political and macro-economic situation from 1990 to 1997 bears serious effects on the alimentation of the congolese townsmen. The food crisis developing worryingly in kikwit is one dimension of the problem. The description of the food crops supply system in kikwit and the notorious salary precariousness have naturally deteriorated the kikwit people's alimentary conditions. In these conditions, what are the options and strategies brought about by the townsmen for their food supply ? the rapid degradation of the road network constitutes a handicap for the marketing of the food crops in the hinterland and their transport to kikwit. The peasants-producers from enclaved regions use waterways thanks to their pirogues, rafters and whaleboats to supply the city. A true servitude for these peasants forced to travel kilometres, cross falls and often forced to face bad weather conditions in order to feed the city with a view of making some profit. The ports have became + true bushmarkets ; and prices reference spots for the marketing of basic foodstuff in cities. Therefore, what are the prospects of recent evolution in kikwit's alimentation condition ? the decay of city's economic activities continuously increases the number of jobless. The low salaries (3 to 8 dollars) have led to a drop in the townsmen's consumption level. These latter involued themselves in parcel and suburban agriculture which is far from meeting households' food requirements. The kikwit inhabitants alimentation remains very unbalanced ; they get their last energies more from glucidic products (tubercules, vegetales) than from lipidic and protidic products. The decrease of the number of meals is worring : 53 % of the households in our sample have only one meal a day. The consequences of such a socio-economic and food situation are particularly acute on the people's heath: nutritive trouble, exclusion, and poverty. Key-words : urbanisation, employment, food crops supply, food crisis, health, poverty, kikwit, congo-kinshasa
Mbama, Jean-Paul Bertrand. "Rôle de la coopération agricole sur les transformations sociales et personnelles : étude des systèmes d'activités d'une population paysanne du Congo." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20009.
Full textThe african society is going through a transition period from the autarky or semiautarky to the market economy. We compared 3 villages with different production styles : traditional, modern and cooperative (styles). If the production increases in the village which applies the modern style (of production) based on individualism, it is only at the cost of many perturbations : disorganization of the social order, accentuation of the income gap and of the ways of life differences. The cooperative system is a consequence of the traditional on which remains the driving force. It is an instrument of appropriation of innovation which favours the transition to other habits (or behaviours). The cooperative practices make the transition to a more productive agriculture easier and allow to reduce the perturbations which could hit the society and its members. The cooperative project indeed proposes an endogene development style which could be controlled by the local population, which could be impartial and based on new forms of solidarity. The coop acts as a regulator in a transformation period which offers to the peasants the possibility to adapt their activity to the socioeconomical changes, to take part in them and to control them through apprenticeship (technology, relation, projects. . . ). This regulation is possible insofar as the cooperation disposes of a negociation and influence power towards the social environment and the institutions
Kibondzi, Marcel. "Scolarisation, appartenances sociales et allocation statutaire en République populaire du Congo." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR21004.
Full textOn the one hand, the author shows how particular structures determine a significant relationship between school and professional positions. Position at school is defined as a level of school socialization to which a system of more or less legitimate expectations for professional insertion is associated. Given the mainly administrative nature of the economy, the commonest form of professional insertion is into the civil service. On the other, the author shows how this relationship is perturbed by factors relating to the very constitutionality of congolese society. Indeed, the latter is a mosaic of societal units and familial societies perpetually competing for administrative power. An unstable equilibrium or conflictual harmony is obtained only at the price of associating familial societies, which are apparently or truly competitive, in the process of administrative control
Baambea, Mboyo Joseph. "Un mode d'inculturation de l'état au Zaïre : la réinstrumentalisation contemporaine de l'organisation socio-politique des classes d'âge dans le cadre du système l'Inongo chez les Mongo." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010528.
Full textThe hierarchical system of the Inongo age-groups, among the mongo people of Zaïre, was in a tacit conflict with the Belgian colonial administrators who distabilised the ligneage position, especially by limiting the control over the younger ones. Paradoxically, the traditional hierarchy adopted for themselves the adminitrative titles. For example, the title "engambi" (elder) became the "eloi" which is the deformed vesion of the French word "roi" for a king (with reference to the Belgian king). Why identify oneself with one's oppressor? Is it not a case of resignation and alienation? We hold that this hierarchy had two arms before its opponents : on the one hand, the magico-spiritual arm which consists in using the titles of his adversary to assume his powers ; on the other hand, the cultural arm which "played the resignation and alienation game" in order to appear docile before his powerful oppressor. Thus, by a pseudo-collaboration, the traditionnel hierarchy infiltrated into the rural administration to mark his socio-political organisation. In other words, the Inongo age-group systems, through this infiltration which is one of the principal sources of inspiration for public action in the rural administration, inculturates the state and moderated its violence. Alienation and resignation become, therefore, less a collaboration than a subtle political action that we define as "a contemporary reinstrumentalisation of socio-political organisation of age-group to inculturate the state"
Canel, Patrick. "La production de l'habitat populaire en ville africaine : étude de cas à Douala et Kinshasa, essai d'interprétation et conséquences théoriques et pratiques." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010530.
Full textSelf settlement and construction process namely the individual and or family involvment in building urban shelters for their own use has been the conventional approach and explanation for the haphazard and uncontrolled urbanization process which provides a substantial amount of housing supply in the African cities. A day to day study case of shelters construction on land whose tenure arrangements are haphazard and often illegal in Douala (Cameroon) and Kinshasa (Zairo) stresses that the above approach is largely irrelevant. Housing for the poor are built by masons and craftmen belonging to the so called informal sector of the urban economy, under the control of individual with lower middle incomes to invest in the construction of houses for the poorer people. The analysis of the householders strategies also stresses the importance of the renting use of the shelters at the very beginning of the individual projects. A selective litterature review on that matter in other cities of western Africa confirms this analysis and justifies a redefinition of the housing projects previously based on the self construction paradigm i. E. Sites and services world bank projects for example. This redefinition necessitates a better understanding of the "informal sector" of housing construction for the poor ; the householders socio-economical characteristics and strategies have also to be taken into account due to their importance in the housing supply production for the poor. It appear that the concrete (cement) block plays a key role in their private strategies in western and central African cities
Ngayou, Gaston. "La société congolaise : formation sociale et problèmes méthodologiques : critique des idéologies." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100046.
Full textIdeology is not only a falsified representation of reality but also a factor as relevant as any other factor concerning the social structure. Ideology and culture enter the conceptual structure of historical sciences which both take place at one and the same time as productive forces and significant practices in the field of social practices. All the theses of occidental anthropology on african societies reduce their structures to the ideological opposition between tradition and modernity. African societies are original formations, which lie on the articulation of internal and external factors. The general concepts of colonial formation, colonial mode of production etc. , which think together history and culture allow to express this originality
Makambila, Pascal. "L'imaginaire dans la vie sociale des Kongo-lari de la République du Congo des origines à nos jours." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30031.
Full textOur study deals with the imaginary way of thinking in the social life of the kongo-lari people of the republic of congo from the ancient times up to the present time. The magic and religious believes constitute the fundamental base of the collective "imaginaire" of the kongo-lari,. From the pre-colonial period to the colonial time and from the colonial period to the period of the national constrcution, ancestors worship, witchcraft and sorcery remain th emost important beleives. In spite of the assimilation policy undertaken by thez french colonizers during the colonial time (1875-1960) and the work of evangelization done by the european christian missionaries in order to change kongo-lari's way of thinking, many traditional believes coming from the past are still alive nowadays. We have noticed in our study that the kongo-lari have adopted some european cultural values, but they have not accepted to loose the whole soul of their own culture. For example, when they are ill, they go to modern hospitals and at the same time they believe in the power of witch doctors. This is the way they live because of the deep influence of the imagination in their social life
Kamba-Nzalalemba, Peter. "Stratégies du pouvoir et comportements des acteurs sociaux au Congo-Kinshasa." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010552.
Full textKabatusuila, Panu-Mpanu. "Organisation spatiale, cadre de vie et crise de l'environnement à Kananga (Zaïre)." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30026.
Full textKananga, the subject of this study is a town situated in the southern part of zaire. Serving as the metropolitan city of westen kasai, kananga has a population of 380. 000 inhabitants and lies on the latitudes 5o35' southwards and on the longitudes 22025' eastwards. The study aims to illustrate how human activities (for survival) in poverty stricten situations contribute to the degradation of the urban ecosytem. It is universally accepted that ecological balance results from equilibrum between the biotic, abiotic and human systems. The discruption of balanced relationship between these three systems can best explain the causes of the environmental problems encountered in kananga : massive soil erosions, pollutions, deforestation and the lack of sanitation etc. . . To clearly quality the effects of these problems, we carried out a systematic and integrated field survey. The analysis of this investigation helped us to come up some recommendations such and intensive community motivation and involvement as one of the stratigies by shich we can improve urban life
Kanda, Lukunga. "Pouvoir et gouvernance au Zaïre : (du règne du parti unique à la transition)." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0041.
Full textBakajika, Banjikila Thomas. "Capitalisme, rapport salarial et régulation de la main-d'oeuvre : la classe ouvrière noire dans les camps de l'Union minière du Haut-Katanga, 1925-1967." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17647.
Full textBiaya, Tshikala Kayembe. "Femmes, possession et christianisme au Zaïre : analyse diachronique des productions et pratiques de la spiritualité chrétienne africaine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28968.
Full textMalu, Muswamba Rosalie. "L'accession des femmes congolaises au savoir dans une perspective historique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17977.
Full textTegera, Busey Aloys. "Les Banyarwanda du nord-Kivu (RDC) au XXème siècle : analyse historique et socio-politique d'un groupe transfrontalier (1885-2006)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010556.
Full textFortin, Lana. "L'enseignement scolaire et la bourgeoisie nationale en pays colonisé : le cas des "évolués" au Congo belge." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29441.
Full textNzunguba-Ibio, Jean-Pierre. "Peintres, peinture et culture populaire à Bunia (Zaïre) : essai d'analyse socio-historique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20110.
Full textMutombo, Ngandu. "Politiques de rémunération, de cotation et de classification des emplois comme facteurs de formation d'une catégorie sociale : le cas des travailleurs de l'Union minière du Haut-Katanga, 1947-1967." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28404.
Full textMban, Loumpele Rigobert. "Esquisse d'une psychologie compréhensive du système mantique traditionnel dans ses relations avec l'articulation des symboles fondamentaux au sein de l'univers de sens Ngangulu (Congo) : caractéristiques et conséquences de la régulation du système." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20003.
Full textThe research on divination or mantica, considered here as a study (V. UA), a query, a way to the group memory or to the system of laws disclosed by the elder, is attempted for the first time in the Congo. As far as the Ngangulu conception of existence is concerned, this work is an attempt to explain the Ngangulu universe as to the evolution of the life of man in his environment. If for researchers such as we are, we are trying to shed light on the interpretative theory of the Ngangulu universe, for Ngangulu scientists this is an explanatory theory of life. For them, man and nature are completely indissociable. For them, every concrete detail must be considered in a spiral structure in such a manner that everything linking it to the other concrete details is in keeping with what they consider to be the law of the universe. The latter has for material support the ash of sacred wood (lifura). Lifura, a cyclic causal link, expresses then the condition or the property of all the beings of nature to have a threshold and remain within the possible limits. Consequently lifura is the regulator of the energy Mpyin (Mpini)- or potential necessary to the manifestation of the being. The myths on which the theoretical frame is based will have contributed to the methodological elaboration of our work on the thesis. All these elements for a system, that of the "tradipraticians" which regroups the characteristics and the consequences of social regulation. These are based in the structure of the cultural mormory, i. E. The apex of the pyramid of intelligibility. This is the ancestral memory. We had several methodological options to reach our mains. One would have consisted in matching the observed facts and data gathered in the field to one of the theories of anthropological knowledge (phenomenology, structuralism). Another would have consisted in examining those facts seem from the theoretical frame typical of the Nngangulu culture. Nothing that the Ngangulu people are quite capable of reflection about their own universe, the meaning of life in the word and what forms the human being or (person-personality), we thought it would be justified to choose the latter approach without for all that ignoring the worth and the contribution of the main anthropological or psychological theories
Malumalu, Apollinaire. "La politique de recours à l'authenticité au Congo-Zaïre sous le régime Mobutu (1965-1997)." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21054.
Full textMabiala, Armand-Maixent. "Contraintes économiques et soins de santé au Congo : les contours de l'Initiative de Bamako ou d'une approche en termes de participation communautaire." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10028.
Full textCountry in the process of development, better, underdeveloped country strongly undergoing external pressure, Congo knows since the year 1980 an economic and financial crisis major which unfortunately modified, since 1996, its row in the scale of the countries in relation to their level of financing of many social budgets and the degradation of public health whose indicators are relatively good around the Sixties. This situation obliges the Congolese state to adhere to the many international recommendations aiming at promoting public health. The adoption of the National Plan of Sanitary Development (PNDS), which fits in the right wire of the initiative of Bamako with in background the question of the Community participation brings to wonder about the viability od such a diagram in the particular context of Congo where an ambivalent system of health is noted, a heavy and antiquated politico-administrative structure, which functions according to its own logics. This interrogation finds brief replies in the checking between the diagrams and the facts. From where the emergence of other interrogations
Bodineau, Sylvie. "Droits de l'enfant en praxis : la protection des enfants kadogos en République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37669.
Full textThis thesis intends to provide an anthropological view of the humanitarian intervention aiming at protecting child soldiers known as kadogos (small in Swahili) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It examines the way in which the child rights regime has been implemented, put into practice and articulated in the DRC, through the intervention; in particular, how the global ideal figures of childhood conveyed by the rights of the child have circulated, been put into action and negotiated within a local mechanism to support the reintegration of children and young people leaving armed forces and armed groups. Through a critical analysis of practices, between the elaboration of intervention guidelines and policies and their implementation, it focuses on discourses and practices of the protagonists of the programme implemented (interveners and beneficiaries), considering that they are at the centre of humanitarian transactions, where, in a way, the "monolithic block" that the intervention represents, confronting its field of application, crumbles, dilutes, diversifies, and/or deviates; in the interstices and "entre-lieux de l’humanitaire" (Saillant 2007c) where children's rights are negotiated and "vernacularized" (Merry 2007). By not focusing on an "exotic" population (Congolese "child soldiers"), but on the way in which the "child rights regime" (Pupavac 2001), which originated in the Western world, is confronted with Congolese realities through humanitarian child protection practices, this research is part of an anthropology of the "close". From a typically anthropological perspective, by looking at the practice of children's rights outside their place of creation, it provides a better understanding of how altruisms are constructed in the very contemporary transnational context of humanitarian intervention and human rights. Tracking children's rights from their global conception to their local praxis, it opens the door for their renewal in its different spaces.
Nsarhaza, Bishikwabo Kizito. "La restructuration du secteur de santé et le marché informel: cas de la République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212128.
Full textLouakima, Joseph. "Attributions interculturelles de l'échec et du succès dans les contextes congolais et français." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA032.
Full textBlum, Le Coat Jean-Yves. "Une migration entre consécration et disqualification sociales : relations franco-congolaises (Congo-Brazzaville) et trajectoires des migrants pour études en France(1960-2005)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070066.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the transformations of migratory trajectories of students and trainees from Congo-Brazzaville came to follow a training course in France, by replacing them in the context of the evolution of the French-Congolese relations, and in particular the framework set up by both states to organize this migration, between 1960 and 2005. Based on investigations led in France and Brazzaville - biographical interviews, treatment of a documentary corpus - it analyzes the changes in the bilateral policies of the training of future executives Congolese leaders, the French immigration policies, the Congolese economic and political situation, and their effects on this migration. The thesis shows that the late 1980s marks a turning point: the Congolese students and trainees are driven to change their projects and migratory paths in the sense of a long-lasting settlement in France for a part of them, to modify their representations of this migration and the meaning they give, and to rebuild a social identity threatened by the transformations in France and in Congo. In this context, this migration goes from a status of rite of social consecration to social disqualification as base of a trajectory of access to dominant positions in Congo-Brazzaville. As a result, these migrants, at first actors of the French hegemony in Congo and intended to occupy state management and leadership positions there, come to adopt a more critical position towards the Congolese and French States
Hiamba, Ovungu Jean. "Structure et sens cosmopolitique du pouvoir dans la culture des Ankutsu-Membele: contribution au processus d'intégration et de démocratisation en Afrique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209753.
Full textEn effet, les rébellions, les guerres ethniques ou tribales, les rivalités et les dissensions inter groupales continuent à affecter la vie politique, économique et sociale de ce pays depuis la période précoloniale en passant par la période coloniale et postcoloniale. Cette préoccupation majeure suscite des interrogations fondamentales :de quelle manière peut-on aujourd’hui ériger un projet politique qui soit à mesure de redéfinir les finalités socio-politiques, cultuelles, et économiques globales qui accordent une meilleure écoute aux productions de sens qui émanent des valeurs théoriques de chaque groupe social, en sublimant ce qui rapproche et non ce qui divise ?Comment dépasser les clivages excluant issus des situations de crise (traite, colonisation, rébellions, guerres, dissensions) ?Comment mettre sur pied un espace commun qui serait le lieu d’échange libre où chacun exprimerait son opinion dans le respect et la dignité de l’autre ?
C’est à ces questions et à beaucoup d’autres encore que cette thèse tente de répondre. Il s’agit en fait, d’une étude à caractère paradigmatique réalisée dans le groupe Ankutshu-Membele, à la lumière des approches occidentales du pouvoir et de la démocratie. Elle s’assigne comme objectif principal de problématiser la conception du pouvoir à travers la culture et les religions de ce peuple, en vue de tenter d’établir les conditions de possibilités d’intégration de cette société traditionnelle vers une société moderne multiculturelle et démocratique.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Bakombo, Mulopo Nzam. "Le dialogue interreligieux : pour une théologie de la reconstruction appliquée au mariage mbala du Kwango-Kwilu (Congo-Zaire)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40689.
Full textKoyanyo, Kongatua Jacques. "Du développement comme extensions des libertés : le cas des Pygmées Ndenga de la République démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0054.
Full textThis research proposes to study the possibilities of designing a development program applicable to extreme poverty situations such as those experienced by the Ndenga of the Democratic Republic of Congo since the latter, given the obsolescence of its structures undermined by corruption and bad governance do not offer the same opportunities for its citizens to choose a development model. Thus, extreme poverty has systematically gained the Congolese public space thus affecting the quality of life of all Congolese, but more the poorest population such as the Ndenga. Following Amartya Sen, we consider that poverty is not only due to lack of income, but is mostly considered as the absence of "capabilities". That is, the lack of real freedoms to convert disposable goods into actual operations. A perspective also pursued by A. Sen, Thomas Pogge, Martha Nusbaum and A. RenautOn the basis of this observation, our first task will be to justify, if among the contemporary theories of justice, especially those which are conceived as applied to the development, are those which are likely to be applied more especially in a context of extreme as in the case mentioned, with a view to proposing an acceptable development program on this point. Since to date, the development program set up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has shown, in the way that it was understood (or misunderstood, or betrayed in the Congo), its limits by creating conditions of injustice . In the second moment, we relied on the observation of failure of traditional justice theories unsuited to situations of extreme poverty to propose an approach by engaging in an applied political philosophy starting from indicators of extreme poverty or indicators. of human development in the Congo, especially among the Ndenga Pygmies, and try to develop, from there, new normative references to identify the priorities that it would be right to put forward in a process of remedying these injustices express in terms of extreme poverty.Beyond the specific question, raised by the fate of the Pygmies of Congo, the process undertaken also consisted of a contribution to the reflection on the alternative, between philosophy of principles and philosophy ex datis in the field of development. It will also be necessary to justify whether contemporary theories of justice based on a principle such as the extension of real liberties, and on what conditions, have achieved the objective that they have set themselves for the reduction. inequalities between individuals when faced with situations of extreme injustice. In the third and last part, we are talking about a series of proposals that could solve the extreme poverty of the Ndenga. Clearly, the priority will focus on the Ndenga man who will have to be carried by the legal, political, social and economic more just to enable him to live in the end, according to his choice. The agenda to be put in place focuses on the process of empowering the Pygmies Ndenga so that they enjoy full rights of all prerogatives recognized Congolese citizens
Kande, Badibanga Dieudonné. "Les Luluwa et l'occidentalisation (cas de transformations sociales à partir de l'impact colonial)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211361.
Full textTshibilondi, Ngoyi Albertine. "Genre, éducation et développement: enjeux de l'éducation de la femme en Afrique. Cas des femmes congolaises au Kasaï." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211220.
Full textOkito, Pamijeko, and Pamijeko Okito. "Analyse de besoins de la formation continue et des conditions socioprofessionnelles des enseignants en situation après-guerre en République démocratique du Congo : cas des enseignants du niveau secondaire de la ville de Goma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38299.
Full textLa formation du personnel enseignant de la ville de Goma au Nord-Kivu, en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), a évolué négativement depuis la période coloniale. D’une formation initiale essentiellement religieuse, elle a été orientée vers des contenus universitaires, puis transformée en une formation continue sous forme de journées pédagogiques. Cette visée de formation n’a malheureusement pas été maintenue en raison du désengagement du gouvernement, des guerres et des conditions de vie. Conséquemment, l’un des problèmes majeurs qui caractérisent actuellement le système scolaire de Goma est l’absence de formation continue des enseignants. Afin d’aider ces enseignants à s’autoformer professionnellement pendant leur carrière, l’identification préalable de leurs besoins en formation continue et socioprofessionnels s’est avérée pertinente. Le but de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser ces besoins. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire de 91 énoncées a d’abord été rempli par 151 enseignants du secondaire à Goma, chef-lieu de la Province du Nord-Kivu (RDC). Par la suite, des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de 20 d’entre eux. Les énoncés du questionnaire et ceux du canevas d’entretien ont été regroupés selon trois thèmes : les besoins en compétences professionnelles, les besoins socioprofessionnels et les renseignements généraux. La détermination des besoins en formation continue et leur classement selon l'ordre de priorité ont été réalisés au moyen des approches analytiques et graphiques de l’analyse de besoin. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que des 73 besoins concernent la formation continue, cinq sont jugés extrêmement prioritaires. Ces besoins extrêmement prioritaires sont : la formation pédagogique; des ateliers de formation; des séminaires; l’emploi correct des TIC dans les buts de se constituer des réseaux d’échange et de formation continue dans son domaine d’enseignement et dans sa pratique pédagogique ; la connaissance et l’utilisation des TIC en enseignement et apprentissage. Pour ce qui est des besoins socioprofessionnels, les résultats indiquent qu’ils sont au nombre de 30. Parmi ceux-ci, la rémunération salariale, la sécurité sociale, le transport et le logement sont les plus cités par les participants.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
Dugrand, Camille. "Prendre la rue : politique de la citadinité vagabonde en Afrique : les Shégués de Kinshasa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010334.
Full textBased on several field works in Kinshasa, the object of the thesis is the trajectories of « Shégués », these young city-dwellers who take a « different » path in the streets of the congolese megapolis. By « taking » the street and living in it they, diverge of conventional forms of existence under a roof in a family and throw themselves in a wandering urban adventure which generates both constraints and alternatives. In contrast to dominant discources that tend to represent them as marginal, isolated and inaudible « street children », it appears that Shégués are essential figures of the urban experience in Kinshasa. Subjected to a life full of constraint and uncertainty, they gather aroud new forms of sociability that can be seen as ways to support each other, forms of violence but also as alternative opportunities to « exist ». They can also constitute forms of distinction and even lead to the rise of famous and renowed people. The Shégués create a street culture that paves the way to heterogeneous interactions with other city dwellers and sometimes an incorporation of urban networks of power. Their social differenciation entails a process of stigmatization along a series of constraints. It also provides additional opportunities to have agency in the city and even reach some forms of popularity and prestige. How do they have agency on the city? What do they tell us on the youth’s perspectives of personal accomplishement in Kinshasa today? What are the political effects of the violence they both exert and endure? Do they produce a counter-hegemonic culture? Or do their actions tend to reinforce a violent political order? What are the social frontiers between these young actors and other city-dwellers? Do they shape a culture of subversion and protest? The trajectories of Shégués shed light on the ambivalence of a youth sub-culture, totally reliant on its local environment to urvive and that reclaim the codes established by the dominant sectors of society while challenging the exclusion they endure. While they can appear to reinforce the current « top-down » social order, the Shégués also shape new subversive and contentious life styles in a evolving megapolis, itself generating new norms and new ways of life and survival. In the end, the Shégués assert their role as actors of urban dynamic that keeps creating new figures of legitimacy and prestige while continuously reformulating new imagineries of alternative life possibilities. They express the critical and political ambition of their wandering life that contribute to « citadinity » in Kinshasa but also impact it. They do so by reinventing the ways to teverse their destiny and eventually gain acess to « another life »
Mwene-batu, Lyabayungu Pacifique. "Malnutrition durant l’enfance, maladie chronique, capital humain à l’âge adulte dans le contexte de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo (Sud-Kivu)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/327226.
Full textIntroduction: Low- and middle-income countries are going through a nutritional transition phase that is accompanied by a rapid increase in cardio-metabolic diseases and their risk factors, such as obesity in adults, while undernutrition still predominates in children in these regions. This double burden of malnutrition constitutes a major public health problem. According to the theory of developmental origins of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), these 2 burdens would be closely causally linked. The objective of our study was to trace subjects with a history of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood, to assess their long-term socioeconomic, cognitive, and health outcomes, and finally to investigate the different cardiometabolic markers of NCDs. All this was done in order to establish an association between SAM during childhood and different chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemias and body composition) as well as with socio-demographic and economic status in adulthood, in a context without nutritional transition.Methodology: Records of subjects admitted for SAM between 1988 and 2007 were retrieved from the archives of Lwiro Hospital, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Between December 2017 and April 2019, we undertook to identify these subjects in the Miti-Murhesa and Katana health zones. Study subjects were identified from the Lwiro Pediatric Hospital (LPH) database. They were then traced to their home villages. They were then divided into four categories (living in or near the village, deceased, displaced, or lost to follow-up). For each former malnourished found, a community non-exposed was randomly selected for comparison. Our outcomes of interest were primarily NCDs including primarily metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, global obesity, visceral obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias as well as body composition assessed by their different clinical and biological markers and, secondarily, renal impairment through serum creatinine level. Secondly, we evaluated the human capital through the socio-economic level (deduced from the education, the profession and the living conditions), the self-esteem, the cognitive disorders as well as the daily disabilities on the relational and functional level related to the health condition. It should be noted, however, that at the time of reconstitution of the cohort, we collected data on survival (and its corollary, mortality and its causes) and long-term nutritional status.Results: A total of 1981 records of subjects admitted for SAM from 1988 to 2007 were retrieved from the archives of the LPH. The median age at admission was 41 months. Six hundred subjects were found and 201 subjects died. 65.6% of the deceased subjects were ≤10 years of age at death. 59.2% of deaths occurred within 5 years of hospital discharge. The leading causes of death were malaria (14.9%), kwashiorkor (13.9%), respiratory infections (10.4%), and diarrheal diseases (8.9%). Compared to the unexposed, the exposed had low weight (-1.7 kg, p=0.001), short stature [sitting (-1.3 cm, p=0.006) and standing (-1.7 cm, p=0.003)], shorter leg length (-1.6 cm, p=0.002), and small brachial circumference (-3.2 mm, p= 0.051). There were no differences in BMI, chest length, and head or chest circumference between the 2 groups.In terms of BC, exposed, compared to unexposed, had a reduced FFM [-1.56 kg (-2.93, -0.20); p=0,024] but this observation was more marked in exposed males (45.4 5.4 vs. 48.2 6.9 kg, p=0.01) than females compared to unexposed. However, no difference between exposed and unexposed was observed in terms of FM. Finally, adjusting for height, FFMI and FMI show no difference in either sex.In terms of human capital, compared to the community unexposed, the proportion with high education and socioeconomic status (SES) of formerly malnourished was decreased [study (35.2 vs. 46.4; p 0.); SES (3.0 vs. 6.7; p= 0.007)]. In addition, in terms of cognition and self-esteem, compared to the non-exposed, the formerly malnourished had lower scores on cognitive tests [25.6 vs 27.8, p = 0.001 (MMSE) and 22.8 vs 26.3, p < 0.001 (MMSE-I)] and had lower self-esteem (20.3% vs 12.3%; p = 0.003) Nevertheless, in terms of health-related disabilities, they had less disability in relationships (28.6 vs. 31.5; p = 0.034) than the general population, although no difference was observed in daily activities (5.8 vs. 9.1; p = 0.322).In terms of NCDs, compared to the community unexposed, the malnourished elders had an increased waist circumference [+1.2 (0.02, 2.3) cm, p=0.015] and a higher waist/standing height ratio [0.01 (0.01, 0.02) cm; p0.001]. On the other hand, they had a decreased hip circumference [-1.5 (-2.6, -0.5) cm; p=0.021], and reduced muscle strength. Regarding cardiometabolic markers of NCDs, apart from a higher HbA1c [+0.4 % (0.2, 0.6); p0.001], no differences were found in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and albumin levels in the exposed compared to the unexposed. Compared to unexposed individuals, exposed individuals had an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.35 (1.22, 4.54); p=0.010], visceral obesity [adjusted OR 1.44 (1.09, 1.89); p=0.001] and leanness [adjusted OR 1.92 (1.03, 3.57)]. In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight and dyslipidemia was similar in both groups.Conclusion: SAM in childhood puts survivors at high risk for NCDs and reduced human capital in adulthood, even in the absence of subsequent nutritional transition. Policymakers and funders interested in combating the global expansion of NCDs in adults might consider the long-term benefit of reducing SAM in childhood as a preventive measure to reduce the socioeconomic burden attributable to NCDs.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
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Ilunga-Ilunga, Félicien. "Le paludisme grave de l'enfant: profil des ménages, aspects épidémio-cliniques, et analyse de coûts de prise en charge dans les hôpitaux de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209063.
Full textObjectifs et hypothèses.
Les hypothèses suivantes ont été posées:
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Lukuitshi-lua-Nkombe, Albert Malaika. "Essai sur le système financier de la République Démocratique du Congo: une contribution à l'amélioration de la supervision bancaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210967.
Full textCette these essaie de trouver les voies et moyens susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration et au renforcement de la supervision bancaire au Congo, et in fine [le secteur bancaire etant le plus important du systeme financier] permettre l eclosion d un systeme financier moderne et efficace qui rencontre les normes internationales.
Dans une premiere etape qui consiste en un etat des lieux du systeme financier congolais et en une analyse critique de la gestion bancaire ( chapitre 1 et chapitre 2 ); les analyses :
- ressortent les caracteristiques du systeme financier congolais ;
- soulignent les contraintes structurelles ayant entrave trois decennies de gestion bancaire ;
- evaluent les chances de succes des reformes mises en oeuvre par les autorites;
- proposent en des termes generaux, les ameliorations a porter au cadre reglementaire et de supervision du secteur bancaire afin de reduire les imperfections, de renforcer l efficacite et la stabilite du systeme dans son ensemble.
Dans une seconde etape, un menu plus restreint de propositions faites au terme de l etat des lieux du systeme financier et de l analyse critique de la gestion bancaire est passe en revue. Les contributions de la these dans cette etape consistent :
- en la proposition d outils concrets de supervision bancaire pour faire face a la carence d outils de gestion prudentielle preventive ;(chapitre 3)
- en recommandations pour ameliorer :la politique de provisionnement des creances et le fonctionnement des institutions de microfinance ;( chapitre 4)
- a degager dans une demarche d analyse strategique, les pistes susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration de la sante et la solidite du systeme financier congolais apres evaluation prealable de sa competitivite (chapitre 5)
SUMMARY
The construction of an healthy and competitive financial system able to mobilize high levels of saving and the improvement of the standards of banking and financial supervision to ensure the stability of the system are two of the recommendations often made by international institutions to help African countries to take part in the expansion of world prosperity and to profit from the globalization of financial services.
This thesis tries to find the ways to contribute to the improvement and the reinforcement of the banking supervision in Congo, and in fine [ the banking environment being most significant of the financial system ] to allow the blossoming of a modern and effective financial system which meets international standards.
In a first stage which consists in an overview of the Congolese financial system and in a critical analysis of the banking management ( chapter 1 & chapter 2) ;our analyses :
- release the characteristics of the Congolese financial system ;
- underline the structural constraints having blocked three decades of banking management ;
- evaluate the chances of success of the reforms implemented by the authorities ;
- propose in general terms, the improvements to be carried in order to reduce the imperfections of the banking supervision, to reinforce the effectiveness and the stability of the banking system.
In the second stage, a more restricted menu of proposals made at the end of the first stage is reviewed. The contributions of the thesis in this stage consist:
- in the proposal of concrete tools for banking supervision to face the deficiency of preventive prudential management tools; ( chapter 3)
- in recommendations to improve :the policy of provisioning bad debts and the management of Microfinance institutions; (chapter 4)
- in an evaluation of the competitiveness of the Congolese financial system and in the identification of ways which can contribute to the improvement of its safety and solidity by using a strategic analysis approach. ( chapter 5)
Doctorat en sciences de gestion
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Kakudji, Kyungu Aimé. "Sendwe mining: socio-anthropologie du monde social de l'hôpital à Lubumbashi, RD Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210043.
Full textLa plupart des études qui ont abordé la problématique de l’accès aux soins, et de l’utilisation des services de soins dans les hôpitaux publics des pays en développement, ont envisagé cette problématique davantage en termes de carence en matériel ;et réduit souvent l’essentiel des problèmes à une question financière.
Et pourtant, comme le témoignent des études récentes conduites dans les hôpitaux africains au cours de la dernière décennie, soutenues notamment par une méthodologie qualitative, alliant observations intensives et entretiens approfondis (cf. Jawkes & al. 1998 ;Gobbers, 2002 ;Jaffré & Olivier de Sardan, 2003 ;Vidal & al. 2005 ;Jaffré & al. 2009), l’accès ou non aux soins et l’utilisation des services hospitaliers recouvrent des champs plus vastes et plus complexes qui englobent à la fois des questions, bien sûr, économiques que des problèmes comportementaux d’exclusion, des violences, des humiliations… bref, des questions liées à la relation inégalitaire des pouvoirs due à la distance sociale qui s’observe entre soignant et soigné. Dans le cadre de l’hôpital Sendwe, cette inégalité de la relation soignant-soigné est particulièrement exacerbée par un contexte de misère sociale à laquelle se conjugue une bureaucratisation des tâches dont l’exécution vient ici redoubler au statut du fonctionnaire un pouvoir de soigner. C’est face à cette tension permanente entre partie en interaction favorisée par le décalage entre l’offre médicale et la demande des soins que je me suis interrogé comment les soins hospitaliers sont-ils négociés à l’hôpital Sendwe. Avec quelles ressources les parties s’engagent dans le processus d’accès aux soins ?Quelles sont les pratiques effectives qui s’observent dans les interactions avec le patient et ses proches ?Comment les patients catégorisent-ils le personnel médical, et vice-versa ?Quelles sont les règles, pratiques et morales, qui régissent leurs interactions ?C’est donc à toutes ces questions que cette étude tente de répondre.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Mwana, Kitata Job. "Église catholique et crise socio-politique en RD Congo : analyse discursive de la parole épiscopale catholique sur la paix (1990-2010)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28176.
Full textDeveloped around the question: « What are the bishops’ discursive strategies for turning agents into actors of desired change, and hence into peacemakers », research shows from the rhetorical analysis of eight speeches by the bishops of the CENCO, the impact and pragmatic of their speeches in the reconstruction of the peace in the DRC. To be based on an empirical basis the socio-political crisis in the DRC (1990-2010), the rhetorical analysis of the episcopal word, emerging in the pragmatics of communication as elaborated in the theory of C. Perelman’s argumentation, in the argumentative analysis of R. Amossy’speech and P. Charaudeau’s political discourse, deals with the reconstruction of the Nation, the consolidation of peace and the prospects for a peaceful, just and prosperous democratic Congo. The analysis raises two major issues: it pursues a pragmatic aim in order to produce an effective impact on the audience and constructs new meanings, precisely, a new system of values on which to build the Nation. Putting the focal point on the values of the ethos: paradigms of « must-do » and of « bring-into-being », the research is inscribed in the moral theology, precisely theological ethic. These structuring values are normative principles, principles of reflection and anchors that the theological and ethical discourse on peace. To the counter values that threaten peace, analysis proposes, starting from the elaborations of P. Ricoeur on responsibility and coherence, and of M. Foucault’s on truth, an ethic of responsibility and an ethic of coherence backed by eths ethic of truth. Peace is a civic responsibility, a component of the ethics of fraternity built on the ethics of truth. The alethic generate the ethic of coherence among the recipients. The correctness of discourse the authenticity of life, the conformity of speech to the way of living and acting, the ethics of coherence as a mode of sincerity and authenticity of life, make it possible to build peace and self-Homonoïa in the DRC. Keywords: peace, ethos, logos, doxa, dialogism, values, change, reconstruction, consolidation, pragmatics, rule of law, rhetorical analysis, discourse analysis, ethic of responsibility, ethic truth, ethic of coherence.
Kasese, Otung-Abienda Jean-Denis. "Contribution à une analyse de la sacralisation du pouvoir moderne et ses conséquences: le cas de Joseph-Désiré Mobutu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210248.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Indeka, Nkoso Joseph. "Les chefferies ndengese en conflit: dans les interstices de la tradition et de l'Etat, R.D.Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209364.
Full textC’est essentiellement un mode de lecture du fait politique, les chefferies à travers les âges: conditions d’émergence et d’institutionnalisation, sources de légitimité, supports territoriaux et symboliques, fonctionnement réel, enjeux et conflits. L’analyse de tels processus a nécessité la prise en compte de la dispersion des idées politiques dans les institutions sociales et familiales, la religion, la littérature, l’art et l’économie. On n’a pas négligé pourtant, leurs liens à l’ordre social et les rapports avec les structures politico-administratives étatiques dans lesquelles les chefferies sont enchâssées. Cette dissertation a combiné deux grandes perspectives du pouvoir politique :symbolique et sociologique. Dans la perspective symbolique renouvelée, une des entrées principales a été celle de la « mise en scène » du pouvoir, dans des contextes variés, pour assurer sa légitimité. A été ainsi mis en exergue le concept de « traditions », renvoyant aux analyses de Hobsbawm et Ranger (1983). Cette perspective de l’ethnologie classique du pouvoir politique a été complétée par celle de la sociologie politique davantage tournée vers la « domination » au sens wébérien, les enjeux et relation de pouvoir, ainsi que l’étude des comportements des acteurs :stratégies et tactiques individuelles et collectives. On s’est intéressé aux dynamiques politiques locales produites à travers l’interaction entre les facteurs internes et externes, et aux modalités de réception, d’interprétation et d’appropriation afin d’y lire un peu de « sens ». En cela, cette thèse est « une anthropologie des mondes contemporains » (Augé 1994) avec un arrière-fond historique important. Elle a privilégié l’analyse des interactions aussi bien rituelles qu’administratives. Ces regards croisés du pouvoir politique local ont ainsi permis d’articuler ce qu’Olivier de Sardan (2005) appelle « ethnographie classique et socio-anthropologie des espaces publics en Afrique ».
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Mufogoto, Gafutshi Georgine. "L'une en face de l'autre : femme autochtone et femme missionnaire dans l'actuel diocèse d'Idiofa en République Démocratique du Congo : de 1928 à la veille de l'Indépendance." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2007.
Full textMissionary women, endowed with "faith in Jesus Christ" and prejudices concerning the racial superiority and material power of the West, encounter indigenous women between 1928 and 1960 in the Belgian Congo, with a thousand-year-old culture, imbued with prejudice and fears vis-à-vis "white foreigners".This confrontation takes place essentially outside the village of the indigenous woman, to the "mission", a space "invented" and "mastered" by the Fathers and where the nuns consider themselves as "guests" who themselves , invite or sometimes force indigenous women into confrontation. This encounter is made in three specific places: the catechumenate, the school and the dispensary (or the hospital).At the end of this confrontation, the nuns build up their image of the indigenous woman, while the latter also elaborates her representation of the missionary woman, who had come "from elsewhere". There is here as a game of mirrors that results in what anthropologists call productive misunderstanding
Muluma, Munanga Gamayala Tizi Albert. "Politique agricole et développement rural: analyse sociologique du développemnt de quelques expériences agricoles au Zaïre :cas des institutions de recherches et formation agronomiques :INERA, IFA, ISEA et ISDR." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213499.
Full textAissah-Assih, Ashira. "Le veuvage et la condition de la femme chez les Lamba du Togo." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR21006.
Full textLamba of togo are a patriarchal society divided by clans and lineages. But if the man monopolizes the political power, it's the woman who detains the economical one. So, relations between the man and the woman out of this society are ruled by a game of strategies which made that none of those lines can monopolize the absolute power. Widowhood ritual appears like an institution of compensation, dating from people can concretise the ideology built on the idea of the man superiority and the woman inferiority whom statute is definite from her husband and from her future child. So, the woman is symbolically submissive during a period of time to the patriarchal society, but not really. In the main, the widowhood can be considerated like an event revealer of all the feminine condition
Munayeno, Muvova. "Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (maladies vénériennes) et la santé publique au Congo: contribution à l'histoire socio-épidémiologique des IST en milieux urbains (1885-1960)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210102.
Full textnégligée par des chercheurs africains spécialistes en sciences sociales, en raison notamment du tabou
qui entoure la sexualité dans ce continent. Toutefois, les dernières décennies ont donné lieu à plusieurs
recherches menées principalement par les Européens africanistes sur ces pathologies grâce à
l’émergence de la pandémie actuelle du Sida. La plupart des travaux réalisés sont axés sur les facteurs
de risque, les mécanismes de diffusion, les croyances et les attitudes populaires face à ces maladies, les
politiques de lutte, etc. Mais les études historiques consacrées aux IST sont très rares. Celles qui
existent ont surtout mis en évidence la dimension démographique axée sur le problème de la dénatalité
en laissant dans l’ombre le contexte socio-historique et les conditions socio-épidémiologiques de
propagation de ces affections. Au moment où le Sida fait des ravages dans le monde et tout
particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne, l’intérêt d’une réflexion historique sur les IST au Congo
n’est plus à démontrer.
Contrairement à une affirmation classiquement admise dans la littérature, selon laquelle la
lutte contre les IST au sein de la population congolaise fut un franc succès pour les autorités coloniales
surtout après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, cette thèse montre plutôt l’augmentation de la prévalence
des IST dans le temps. Les archives inédites et l’analyse des données révèlent que cette progression
continue est la conséquence de l'urbanisation accélerée et de la monétarisation de la société et de la sexualité entraînant des modes de vie propres à la société coloniale urbaine. Les villes issues de ce processus deviendront non seulement des espaces
d’acculturation et de modernité, mais aussi des lieux d’expansion de ces maladies. Le développement
de la prostitution et la multiplicité des partenaires sexuels, à travers les unions plus libres et
momentanées, sont les principaux facteurs explicatifs de cette observation.
On présente généralement de manière panégyrique l’oeuvre sanitaire coloniale de la Belgique
au Congo comme ‘‘modèle’’. Pourtant, aucune étude n’a déjà été menée pour examiner, de manière
chiffrée, les aspets liés aux différences de santé entre les Congolais et les Blancs. Cette
dissertation vient combler les lacunes existantes dans ce domaine. De ce point de vue, il en résulte de
fortes inégalités et des déséquilibres persistants de santé entre ces deux types de populations. Les Congolais beaucoup plus
nombreux, socialement défavorisés, ne bénéficient que d’une situation peu ou moins favorable ;tandis
que les Blancs, socialement plus favorisés, bénéficient en général d’une meilleure situation sanitaire.
Plusieurs indicateurs élaborés dans ce travail sont révélateurs de cette réalité coloniale, en termes
d’équipements sanitaires, d’accès et d’utilisation de soins et d’état de santé différencié./
The issue of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Africa has long been neglected by
researchers African social scientists, particularly because of the taboo surrounding sexuality in Africa.
However, recent decades have resulted in several research conducted mainly by the European
Africanists on these diseases through the emergence of the current pandemic of AIDS. Most of studies
are focused on risk factors, distribution mechanisms, the popular attitudes about these infections,
control policies. But historical studies on STI are seldom examined. Those that exist are mainly
concerning the demographic dimension focuses on the problem of declining birth, leaving the socio-historical
and socio-epidemiological spread of such diseases. While AIDS is ravaging the world and
especially in sub-Saharan Africa, one thing to mention is that the interest of historical reflection on
STI in the Congo is obvious.
Contrary to an assertion conventionally accepted in the literature, that the fight against
gonorrhea and syphilis among the Congolese population was a success for the colonial authorities,
especially after the Second World War, our thesis shows rather the increasing prevalence of STI. The
archives and analysis of data indicates this continued progress is the result of special conditions of
industrialization and urbanization colonial that make people vulnerable. Cities from this historical
process will not only areas of acculturation and modernity, but also places for expansion of these
diseases. The development of prostitution and multiple sexual partners through free and temporary
unions are the main factors explaining this observation.
It has generally praises how the actions of Belgian colonial health in the Congo as 'model'.
However, no study has been conducted to establish or to compare quantitatively the health status
between Blacks (Congolese) and Withes (Europeans in majority). This essay shows the social health
inequalities among these two populations. The Congolese many in number, but more socially
disadvantaged have only less favorable conditions to health. While the white people, socially
privileged, generally have better health status. Several indicators developed in this study are revealing
of the colonial reality in terms of sanitation, access and use of care and health status differential.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mokili, Danga Kassa Jeannot. "Analyse socio-économique du développement agricole et ses incidences sur la promotion des milieux ruraux dans les pays en voie de développement: le cas du Congo-Zaïre de 1885 à 1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212332.
Full textVermette, Stéphane. "Au-delà des clichés : le regard porté sur le Zaïre par la bande dessinée au XXe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51169.pdf.
Full textIvinza, Lepapa Alphonse C. "Analyse de l'introduction de l'EDI dans les entreprises congolaises: une contribution à l'impact organisationnel des TI." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210598.
Full textLe cadre théorique de la contingence structurelle associe généralement « contexte, structure et performance » (Burns et Stalker, 1961; Woodward, 1965; Lawrence et Lorsch, 1967 ;Mintzberg, 1979).Le besoin de tester cette théorie dans l’environnement d’un pays sous développé (PSD) nous a conduit, dans cette recherche, à l’utilisation d’un cadre réduit basé uniquement sur des liens entre la technologie (remplacée par TI) et la structure (Galbraith, 1972 ;Lacrampe, 1974 ;Leifer, 1988).
Notre cadre théorique s’appuie sur les approches managériales, économiques et organisationnelles des TI et de l’EDI (Leavitt, 1968 ;Scott Morton, 1991). Il utilise la théorie contingente de la gestion comptable (Otley, 1980; Chapman, 1997) et des systèmes d’information comptable AIS (Sutton, 1995; Maudlin et Ruchala, 1999; Baldwin et alii, 2000; Dunk, 2001) comme domaine d’opérationnalisation (système d’information fonctionnel).
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Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vinckel, Sandrine. "La violence et le silence : politiques de réconciliation, relations interpersonnelles et pratiques sociales de coexistence au Katanga, RDC." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D088/document.
Full textBased on the study of daily interactions between Katangese and Kasaians, in the aftermath of the mass violence committed against the non-native Kasaians in the early 1990s, the dissertation shows that in their face-to-face interactions (Goffman), Katangese and Kasaians used practices of coexistence based on avoidance, silence, and self-censorship. Silence on the past violence and on political topics that can be interpreted with regard to the conflict between the two communities has indeed became an interactional norm of peaceful coexistence, unlike the injunction of NGOs specialized in the 'bottom-up' pacification to set up a dialogue that is deemed to foster a mutual understanding. The dissertation also shows that specific political or socio-economic contexts lead to 'crisis situations' (Dobry; Vidal). These crisis situations result in the polarization of collective identities: Katangese and Kasaians are viewed only by their ethno-regional origins. The expectations about interaction situations are made more difficult, because of the “structural uncertainty” that characterizes 'crisis situations'; and the routine practices of coexistence based on self-censorship and avoidance tend to disappear. From these findings, the dissertation questions the moral injunctions in favor of reconciliation and dialogue, which are at the heart of the theories and practices of 'bottom-up' pacification, and even the eventuality of a “bottom-up” reconciliation spreading step by step a 'culture of peace', which would eventually permeate society as a whole