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Journal articles on the topic 'Classifi cation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Брыкин, В. В., М. Я. Брагинский, Д. В. Тараканов, and И. О. Тараканова. "CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS HEALTH VIA TEXTURE WAVELET ANALYSIS AND MACHINE LEARNING." Proceedings in Cybernetics 23, no. 1 (2024): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35266/1999-7604-2024-1-3.

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The article demonstrates a method that combines the wavelet transform and machine learning methods to classify plants health using colored digital images. The input data for classifi cation is comprised of a built vector of Haralick texture features. The software was developed via the Python programming language to classify digital images with the multilevel discrete Daubechies wavelet transform and methods of classifi cation for machine learning, particularly classic logistic regression and perceptron. The effi ciency of this method for solving the problem of multiclass image classifi cation is demonstrated. The study concludes and assesses the prospects of the method.

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2

MALYSHKINA, Elena S. "CLASSIFICATION OF SORBENTS USED IN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS." Urban construction and architecture 10, no. 3 (2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2020.03.5.

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Currently, there is no a generally accepted classifi cation of the sorbents used in the technologies for wastewater treatment from oil products. The purpose of this work is to more fully systematize the sorbents used in wastewater treatment, depending on their main characteristics, as well as on the economy and environmental friendliness. Based on the existing classifi cations, the generalized classifi cation of the sorbents designed for wastewater treatment from oil products in the dissolved and emulsifi ed forms, and additionally in the fi lm form, was developed and supplemented with the new parameters. A special algorithm, that allows one to make an informed choice of the sorbent in terms of its application effi ciency, environmental protection and material costs, is formed. In this regard, as an example, the classifi cation of pine sawdust has been performed. It can be considered as an eff ective sorbent base.

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3

Kovalev, Aleksey. "Classifi cation Basis of Accounting." Auditor 7, no. 3 (2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-3-11-18.

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The work is devoted to the study of the role, place and significance of classification as a general scientific method in the theory, methodology and practice of accounting. The description of the accounting functions in the classification aspect is given. A review of the literature was made, in which the topic of classification in accounting is widely presented. It is shown that the classification is considered at the practical level, the methodological and theoretical levels of accounting in the classification aspect are not considered.

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4

Pleshakov, Aleksey. "Classifi cation of Violent Crimes." RUSSIAN JUSTICE 121, no. 5 (2016): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/2072-909x.2016.5.109.

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5

Янкович, А. И. "FILM-INDUCED TOURISM RESOURCES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION." Vestnik of Russian New University. Series "Man and society", no. 2 (May 6, 2022): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v9276.22.02.p.075.

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Рассмотрены различные подходы к классификации туристских ресурсов. Представлены различные определения данного термина. Уточнена разница в различных подходах к классификации ресурсов, подробно описана каждая их группа. На основе анализа классификаций туристских ресурсов предложена классификация ресурсов кинотуризма. Уточнены особенности, присущие именно объектам ресурсной базы кинотуризма. Th e article discusses various approaches to tourism resources classifi cation. Various defi nitions of this term are examined. Th e diff erence of diff erent approaches to resources classifi cation is clarifi ed, each resource group is described. Based on the analysis of tourism resources classifi cation, the author has described classifi cation of fi lm-induced tourism. Th e aspects related to fi lm-induced tourism base are clarifi ed.

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6

Bolčič-Tavčar, Mateja, and Marjan Vračko. "Prediction of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity, and skin sensitisation with Caesar program for a set of conazoles." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 3 (2012): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2188.

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This article presents models to predict mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity, and skin sensitisation for a set of 27 conazoles. The predictions were performed with the program package CAESAR, which is available on the Internet. The CAESAR programs were developed to support the European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use (REACH) and follow the OECD principles for (Q)SAR models used for regulatory purposes. The programs provide a number of information, including a binary classifi cation of a compound as toxic or non-toxic and information on similar compounds from the model’s training sets (similarity sets). In this study we analysed conazole sets using principal component analysis (PCA). The predictions were compared to the currently valid classifi cation of these substances in the European Union (EU) or to the classifi cation proposed at expert meetings of the Pesticide Risk Assessment and Peer Review (PRAPeR) group. The predicted classifi cation for mutagenicity was in good agreement with regulatory classifi cation, the predictions for carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity showed some discrepancy in particular cases, while the predictions for skin sensitisation showed even greater discrepancy.

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7

Restrepo R., María Isabel, and Juan Guillermo Villegas R. "Ranking Colombian research groups applying Data Envelopment Analysis." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 42 (March 11, 2014): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.18846.

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Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is presented as a tool for productivity assessment and classifi cation of research groups. DEA models based on super-effi ciency and cross effi ciency together with cluster analysis for this classifi cation were implemented. The proposed models were applied in the case of the Engineering research groups at Universidad de Antioquia.

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8

ARTEMYEVA, Tatyana G. "FUNCTIONAL-SPATIAL TYPOLOGY AND ALGORITHM FOR THE FORMATION OF THE SPACE-PLANNING CONCEPT OF A RESIDENTIAL INTERIOR." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 3 (2018): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.03.20.

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The basics of functional-spatial typology in the context of the design of residential interiors are viewed. The structure of functional-spatial relations that infl uence the formation of the design concept of a residential interior is described in detail. The classifi cation and defi nition of types of internal space are given. The basic requirements for the selection, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative types of functions of the residential interior are developed. Defi nitions of nominal and vital types of functions are given as well as mass, group and individual types of functions in relation to residential interior. The classifi cation of the main spatial schemes and their modifi cations is given. The methods for analyzing the reference spaces for determining the compositional strategy and choosing the space-planning concept are shown. The defi nition of project goals and objectives and algorithms for their solution are given.

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9

Laptev, Vasiliy A. "Classifi cation of sources of the entrepreneurial law." Business law 3 (September 10, 2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1999-4788-2015-3-57-64.

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10

Kochneva, Anastasia A. "On the Classifi cation of Absolute Legal Relationships." History of state and law 5 (May 20, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-5-28-33.

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Absolute legal relations as a conflict of laws phenomenon require in-depth analysis and classification in order to ensure the most effective state of their protection. In the present article, the author raises the question of the general orientation of absolute legal relations, as well as the possibility of their differentiation into general and specific ones. The author examines their classification types depending on their belonging to private or public law; depending on the specifics of the object and its influence on the dynamic and static components of absolute legal relations; depending on the branch of law; depending on the purity of the nature of the absolute legal relations themselves. The author also analyzes the expediency of identifying quasi-absolute legal relations. The importance of resolving the issue of the correct classification of absolute legal relations is dictated by its influence on the degree of legality and guarantee of the process of realization of absolute and inalienable rights of the individual.

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11

Paulauskienė, Kotryna, and Olga Kurasova. "Duomenų tyrybos sistemų galimybių tyrimas įvairių apimčių duomenims analizuoti." Informacijos mokslai 65 (January 1, 2013): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2013.0.2052.

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Tobulėjant šiuolaikinėms informacinėms ir komunikacinėms technologijoms, sparčiai didėja apdorojamų ir saugomų duomenų kiekiai, todėl duomenų analizės uždavinys tampa vis sudėtingesnis, sunku daryti greitus, efektyvius ir teisingus sprendimus. Duomenų analizei dažnai pasitelkiama duomenų tyryba. Duomenų tyryba – tai procesas, kurio metu iš duomenų išgaunamos naudingos žinios. Duomenims apdoroti bei žinioms išgauti reikalingos duomenų tyrybos sistemos, leidžiančios apdoroti įvairios apimties duomenis. Tyrime siekiama nustatyti, kokios apimties duomenis per priimtiną laiką sugeba apdoroti populiariausios duomenų tyrybos sistemos. Nagrinėjamas ir lyginamas trijose atvirojo kodo duomenų tyrybos sistemose (WEKA, KNIME, ORANGE) įgyvendintų klasifi kavimo ir klasterizavimo algoritmų skaičiavimo laikas, analizuojant skirtingos apimties duomenų aibes. Vertinant sistemas svarbus ne tik algoritmų skaičiavimo laikas, bet ir klasifi kavimo bei klasterizavimo tikslumas, kurį pavyksta pasiekti per tą laiką, todėl straipsnyje pateikiamos ir eksperimentiniuose tyrimuose gauto tikslumo matų reikšmės.Investigation of the abilities of data mining systems to analyse various volume datasets Kotryna Paulauskienė, Olga Kurasova SummaryThe aim of the paper is to determine what volume of data the popular data mining systems are able to analyse within a reasonable period of time, when solving classifi cation and clustering problems. Three open source data mining systems are investigated: WEKA, KNIME, and ORANGE. The experiments have been carried out with eight datasets, where the number of attributes was fi xed – 100 and the number of instances ranged between 5000 and 600 000. The experimental investigation has shown that when the ORANGE system is used, the data of more than 50 000 instances are of too large volume. In order to analyse larger datasets, the WEKA and KNIME systems need to be used. The data of more than 200 000 instances are of too large volume for WEKA and KNIME, however, when simple classifi cation methods are used, both systems are able to handle 400 000 instances, and KNIME – 600 000 instances. The results have showed that KNIME can handle larger datasets than WEKA, when applying some classifi cation methods. The accuracy of classifi cation is high enough, when the classifi cation methods, implemented in the systems, are used.%; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">

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12

Tchetverikov, A. O. "PRINCIPAL APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCE IN THE NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW. PART I. PURPOSE-ORIENTED (TELEOLOGICAL) CLASSIFICATION." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.68.4.170-176.

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The article presents a comparative legal analysis of various approaches to the classifi cation of science in modern legal systems.Itisestablishedthatelsewherethelegalclassificationofscienceis based on two main criteria — the purpose and the subject-matter of scientifi c research.Severallegalsystemsemployadditionalcriteriasuchasthe mode of fi nancing of scientifi c research and its importance for State and society. Part I of the article deals with the main approaches of various legal systems to the purpose-oriented (teleolofi cal) classifi cation of science, including legal defi nitions of such concepts as «fundamental» («pure fundamental» and «oriented fundamental»), «applied», «industrial», «prospective» research.

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13

Mikhalchenko, Vida Yu. "UNREALIZED POTENTIAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Sociolingvistika 1, no. 1 (2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2713-2951-2020-1-1-29-33.

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Modern sociolinguistics, like other linguistic disciplines, seeks to use modern technology in its research. As a good example here can serve the attempt to develop a sociolinguistic classifi cation of written languages of the world undertaken by the scientists from the Laval University (Quebec, Canada) in 1988–2002. The main idea of the classifi cation was to measure the vitality of a language by determining the intensity of its social functions in different areas of communication. The written languages of a number of countries, such as China, India, were studied. The sixth volume of this international work consisted of two books devoted to the languages of Russia, where the sociolinguistic parameters of all languages of Russia were studied, except for the languages of national minorities. According to this international study of Canadian scientists, it was possible, fi rstly, to clarify the number of written languages of the world, secondly, to create a sociolinguistic classifi cation of world’s languages. However, for objective reasons the work was not completed, and the achievement of the above-mentioned possibilities remains the scientifi c task of the future.

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14

Matveeva, M. G., and M. N. Alekhin. "The signifi cance of global longitudinal strain of left ventricular in the classifi cation of stages of aortic stenosis based on the extravalvular cardiac damage." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 99, no. 3 (2021): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-3-187-191.

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Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized not only by degenerative changes in the aortic valve but also by extravalvular cardiac damage. Recently, a new staging classifi cation of AS has been proposed based on the extent of cardiac damage, as well as its modifi ed variants with the addition of a measure of global longitudinal strain of the left ventricular (GLS LV), as an earlier predictor of preclinical LV systolic dysfunction.Aim. To evaluate the signifi cance of GLS LV in the staging classifi cation of AS based on the extent of cardiac damage according to a multidisciplinary hospital.Мaterials and methods. 66 patients with severe AS with available GLS LV by speckle tracking echocardiography were selected and analyzed retrospectively.Results. Patients were categorized according to cardiac damage on ECHO: stage 0 was determined in 2 (3%) patients; stage 1 — 10 (15%), stage 2 — 41 (62%), stage 3 — 13 (20%). The use of staging classifi cation of AS with addition of GLS LV quintiles led to patient reclassifi cation. Thus, stage 4 included patients from stage 2 and stage 3 cardiac damage.Conclusions. In patients with severe AS, the adding the GLS LV to the routine ECHO can help to more accurately determine the stages of AS and make the right decision on the management tactics of such patients.

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15

Kubec, Vojtěch, Michal Riant, Petr Škopek, Petr Hrabačka, and Markéta Horáková. "Fine-needle aspiration bio psy and Bethesda classifi cation in the diagnostics of the tumours of the thyroid gland – a retrospective study." Otorinolaryngologie a foniatrie 73, no. 1 (2024): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccorl202416.

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Introduction: Thyroid nodule is a pathology with a prevalence of 19–68% of the population, with a thyroid gland carcinoma proven in 7–15% of these cases. Bethesda classifi cation is a standardized system for cytology fi ndings evaluation. Aim of work: The aim of our work was to compare a predicted preoperative dia gnosis including Bethesda classifi cation and the fi nal histology results, to defi ne malignancy risk for Bethesda categories and to compare our fi ndigs with foreign papers. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational study. In a group of 330 patients with performed operation on the thyroid gland (total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy) at the ENT department of the University hospital in Pilsen between 2016 and 2017 there was a group of 180 patients (147 female and 33 male patients) with preoperatively known Bethesda category. We have compared an expected dia gnosis and postoperatively known histology dia gnosis, determined a risk of malignancy rate for each category of Bethesda classifi cation and compared our results with a foreign literature. Results: In the group of our patients, we have determined a risk of malignancy rate for Bethesda I. category as 14.29%, same as for Bethesda II. For Bethesda III. as 15.79%, Bethesda IV. as 10.64%, Bethesda V. as 52.17% and Bethesda VI. category as 100%. Conclusion: Fine- -needle aspiration bio psy of thyroid gland nodules is a basic dia gnostic method, which facilitates categorization and stratifi cation of a risk of malignancy in cytological fi ndings. In our group of patients, a risk of malignancy rate diff ers in Bethesda I. and II. category, our risk of malignancy rate is higher compared to foreign literature, which, we believe, is a statistical error due to a rather small set of patients. Key words thyroid nodule – fine-needle aspiration bio psy – Bethesda classifi cation – risk of malignancy rate

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16

Savitskiy, A. A. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS THE APPOINTMENT AND PRODUCTION OF JUDICIAL FINANCIAL AND CREDIT EXPERTISE." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.70.6.101-110.

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This article discusses the types of special knowledge used in the investigation of crimes related to illegal credit, malicious evasion of repayment of accounts payable, illegal banking activities. The author defi nes the place of judicial fi nancial and credit expertise in the General classifi cation of judicial examinations, off ers a unifi ed classifi cation of judicial fi nancial and credit examinations, and considers typical and special objects of research of judicial fi nancial and credit examinations. The requirements for research in the fi eld of credit are systematized. The analysis of judicial practice is carried out.

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17

Bagdasaryan, Varda. "I.A. Ilyin’s Views in the Context of the Ideological Discourse of the Second Quarter of the 20th Century: Myths of Political Labeling." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 4, no. 2024 (2024): 72–81. https://doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2024-0-4-72-81.

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In the article the author examines the contemporary debate surrounding the fi gure of I.A. Ilyin through the prism of established political science stereotypes of political classifi cation and comes to the conclusion that left-right spectral models of classifi cation are nonfunctional and require revision. He suggests to reassess ideological fi gures from the perspective of the civilizational approach. On the basis of the most common approaches to the concept of fascism and their correlation with Ilyin’s views analysis, the author argues against the scientifi c validity of classifying his ideas as fascist. He supplies key arguments of Ilyin’s criticism of fascism, highlighting his identifi cation of its fundamental errors and fl aws. The article also identifi es aspects of Ilyin's intellectual legacy that possess signifi cant potential in the current phase of Russia’s development.

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18

Pudovochkin, Yuriy. "Issues of Classifi cation of Crimes of Offi cials .." RUSSIAN JUSTICE 118, no. 2 (2016): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/2072-909x.2016.2.110.

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19

Smirnova, Olga Yurievna, Tatiana Yurievna Polyakova, and Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Uhalova. "On the classifi cation of the suburban passenger routes." Innotrans, no. 3 (2016): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2016-3-21-24.

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20

Kwon, Su-Kyoung, Sun-Joo Lee, Eun-Jin Jun, et al. "The etiological classifi cation of amenorrhea in Korean women." Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 54, no. 10 (2011): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5468/kjog.2011.54.10.605.

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21

Sotnikova, Lyudmila. "Key Issues in Auditor’s Report: Composition, Classifi cation, Priorities." Auditor 6, no. 11 (2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2020-18-30.

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The article discusses the actual problem of including such a section as the key sections of the audit in the audit reports of Russian public joint stock companies. Th e author’s task of identifying the most frequently identifi ed risks of misstatement of fi nancial statements by auditors is solved by examining the total number of audit reports issued to public joint-stock companies on the accounting (fi nancial) statements of these companies for 2019.

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22

Aryal, R. R., H. L. Shrestha, and S. Khanal. "Using Landsat data for assessing forest cover change and fragmentation in Laljhadi corridor of Kanchanpur district, Nepal." Banko Janakari 21, no. 2 (2013): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9142.

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The study, carried out at Laljhadi corridor in Kanchanpur district of Nepal, aimed at assessing forest cover change and fragmentation using multi-temporal Landsat data. Post classifi cation change detection was applied on temporal forest cover class datasets obtained by supervised classifi cation technique with maximum likelihood algorithm. The overall change analysis indicated a decreasing trend in forest cover. Statistics on selected landscape metrics were generated to quantify the change in spatial structure resulting from fragmentation. The analysis of the landscape metrics depicted increase in fragmentation over the analysis time period along with progression of deforestation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9142Banko Janakari Vol. 21, No. 2, 2011 Page: 40-44 Uploaded date: November 11, 2013

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23

Isaev, A. S. "PRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF THE LANDS OF THE SANA’A BASIN." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2023): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2023-2-52-58.

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The industrial classifi cation of lands has been developed as an integral part of the agricultural assessment of the natural resources of the research object, which divides the lands into categories of suitability and classes, if possible, for their use for arable land and perennial plantations during irrigation. Classifi cation, together with land reclamation assessment, makes it possible to determine for what purposes it is more appropriate to use certain irrigated lands, which reclamation measures can contribute to the most effective use of natural potential with natural moistening and irrigation, as well as to make a comparative assessment of soil fertility by the selected categories and classes of land to substantiate the project crop yields.

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24

Egorova, I. "Internal Corporate Control: Some Issues of Identifi cation, Organization and Methodology." Auditor 6, no. 5 (2020): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2020-8-22.

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The article is devoted to the organization and implementation of internal corporate control. Identifi cation of corporations according to legal acts and classifi cation of their organizational and legal forms is given. Some issues of organization and methods of implementation of internal corporate control are considered, taking into account the specifics and areas of activity.

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25

IVANOVA, Lyudmila I., and Fedor V. KARASEV. "REGENERATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE OBJECTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN ESTATES OF THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 3 (2018): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.03.16.

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The article views the classifi cation and features of the formation of objects of landscape architecture in the structure of households of the estate building of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries on the example of the city of Samara taking into account the town-planning features: social affi liation, location relative to the historic city center, density, height, functional and planning type of buildings. Emphasis is placed on the preservation of objects of landscape architecture within the borders of the existing households, which form the basis of the planning of the neighborhoods of the historic city center. Considering the identifi ed classifi cation a technique for the preservation and development of landscape architecture objects in modern conditions is proposed.

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26

KOSILOV, V. I. "COMMODITY VALUE OF CARCASS CUTS OF YOUNG SHEEP OF THE SOUTH URAL BREED OF DIFFERENT SEX AND AGE." Sheep, goats, woolen business, no. 3 (2021): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2021-3-32-34.

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27

Брыкин, В. В., М. Я. Брагинский, Д. В. Тараканов, and И. Л. Назарова. "CLASSIFYING PLANTS’ HEALTH USING AN ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM (ANFIS)." Proceedings in Cybernetics 23, no. 2 (2024): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35266/1999-7604-2024-2-3.

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The study classifi es eight types of plants’ diseases using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Haralick texture features obtained from plants’ images are applied as input data for a system. A hybrid algorithm consisting of a backward propagation of error and a gradient descent performed the ANFIS training. The ANFIS effi ciency was assessed on a test set through calculating accuracy, comprehensiveness, and the F1 score. The indicators obtained by this method were compared with other modern classifi cation methods.

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28

ATANOV, Nikolai A., and Margarita A. SIDORENKO. "THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BIOCIDE." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 4S (2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.s4.3.

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Dealt with the question of the mechanism of action of biocides to regulate the intensity of the biological processes in the circulating water systems: classifi cation of biocides, resistance of biocenose to the action of a biocide, dosing modes of inhibition.

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29

BORONINA, Ludmila V., and Pavel N. SADCHIKOV. "SELECTION OF OPTIMAL SCHEMES WATER-BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEM «SUPWATER»." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 4S (2013): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.s4.4.

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A mathematical model of choosing the most eff ective water purifi cation process chain, depending on the level of background contamination of water sources and the presence of anthropogenic pollutants on the basis of a classifi er system means PC SupWater.

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30

Krishtafovich, D. V., and A. A. Saikina. "Problems of classifi cation of dried Chaga mushroom for customs purposes." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 8 (July 24, 2023): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2308-07.

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The article examines the problematic aspects of the classifi cation of Chaga mushroom processing products, in particular dried Chaga mushroom, that arise for customs offi cials when conducting customs control over the reliability of the declared code according to the EAEU Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, based on an analysis of judicial practice materials. Possible ways of solving the identifi ed problematic aspects are considered.

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31

ORLOVA, Natalia A., and Dmitry N. ORLOV. "ELEMENTS OF ARTIFICIAL ENVIRONMENT." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 1 (2018): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.01.14.

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The work is based on the concept based on the understanding that the human environment is not only a problem of architecture or urban planning, it is a comprehensive interdisciplinary array of knowledge about the set of factors that form the man - made environment and no fewer factors emanating from this environment. In this article, an att empt, is made to complete the hierarchical classifi cation of heterogeneous processes and phenomena associated with the artifi cial environment. The kind of logic of classifi cation, structure and allocation of links between heterogeneous phenomena and factors shows the specifi cs of the interaction of nature, human and technology as a special three-way symbiosis of mutual infl uence, consistency and mutual conditionality of these global phenomena. This trichotomy of the artifi cial environment in our opinion is a new approach to understanding the problem and the formation of methods of strategic planning and design.

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32

COSTA, Marcelo, Estélio DANTAS, Martim MARQUES, and Jefferson NOVAES. "Subjective exertion perception. Perceived exertion classifi cation: face scale utilization proposal." Fitness & Performance Journal 3, no. 6 (2004): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3900/fpj.3.6.305.e.

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33

Sorokin, Vitaly V. "PRINCIPLES OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY: NEW CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFI-CATION AND SUBORDINATION." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 33 (2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/33/2.

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34

Бородин, П. Б., О. А. Кусонский, and Е. А. Черепанова. "THE DATABASE OF THE COMPONENT OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD FOR FEBRUARY-MARCH 2021 OF THE ARTI MAGNETIC STATION." Уральский геофизический вестник, no. 4(50) (December 30, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25698/ugv.2022.4.1.04.

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Приводится база данных за февраль-июнь 2021 года минутных значений компонент гео- магнитного поля и характеристик магнитных бурь станции Арти (код станции IAGA ARS). Минутные значения даны в формате IAGA 2002. По классификации Интермагнет данные отнесены к категории «квази-окончательных» данных. The database for February-June 2021 is given of the 1-minute values of the component of the geomagnetic fi eld and the characteristics of the magnetic storms of the Arti station (IAGA ARS station). Minute values are given in IAGA 2002 format. According to the classifi cation INTERMAGNET the data is classifi ed as «quasi – defi nitive» data.

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35

Nikolaeva, M. A. "Commodity characteristics of plums." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 1 (January 9, 2025): 12–16. https://doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2501-03.

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The article examines the commodity characteristics of plums. A standardized classifi cation of plums, which diff ers from the classification previously accepted in commodity science by the inclusion of interspecific hybrids of plums: plumcots, pluots, apriums, etc., is presented. A brief description of the main types of plums, cherry plums, and damsons, which in trade practice are classifi ed as small-fruited plums, is given. The nutritional value of plums is given and the substances that determine it are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the beneficial properties of plums. Defects in plums, as well as their storage conditions, are considered.

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36

Abramov, V. V., and N. M. Chalaya. "Biopolymers: rescue or utopia?" Plasticheskie massy, no. 5-6 (July 2, 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2019-5-6-63-66.

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This publication presents materials of foreign experts on the terminology and types of biodegradable plastics in their areas of application. The article presents the classifi cation of bioplastics, gives the defi nition of biodegradability, renewability and compostability. Examples of the most acceptable scopes of biodegradable plastics are given.

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37

Kasthuri, C. "Imagine the Effect." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 4 (2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i4.3871.

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Many literatures have appeared and developed from the Sangam period to the present. In general, all of these descriptions have commonalities and their own distinctive features. These distinctive features make it possible to view literature as a separate genre. Some objected to this classifi cation. But many voiced support.

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38

Графова, Galina Grafova, Графов, et al. "Methodical Approaches to Forming of Price Policy on Innovative Types of Production." Auditor 2, no. 9 (2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21063.

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Th e article off ers a pricing technique on innovative products. Within the solution of this question classifi cation of level of prices for innovative products is off ered, the fi nancial and economic base by its determination with indication of specifi c evaluation methods is described.

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39

Todiras, Natalia, and Anton Poleacov. "The collection of the genus Gymnocalycium Pfeiff. ex Mittler in the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute)." Journal of Botany XIV, no. 2(25) (2023): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52240/1857-2367.2022.2(25).08.

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In this article, the characteristics of the genus Gymnocalycium are considered in terms of the classifi cation proposed by Schutz and modifi ed by Rogatsky. The dynamics of the development of the collection of representatives of the genus Gymnocalycium in the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (I) is given below. The results of the systematization, revision and identifi cation of the species of the collection are presented. The requirements for the conditions of growing species belonging to different subgenera and sections have been determined on the basis of the analysis of their habitat.

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40

Krishtafovich, V. I., and Е. G. Ruseva. "Problematic aspects of terminology and features of chocolate classification according to different regulatory documents." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2307-07.

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The features of modern terminology and classifi cation of chocolate adopted in Russia in accordance with the current national and interstate standards are considered. A comparative analysis of the terminology given in the new national standard for chocolate has been carried out. The existing problematic aspects are identified, and their solutions are proposed.

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41

Неелова and Natalia Neelova. "Institute of the consolidated financial statements in the Russian Federation." Auditor 2, no. 5 (2016): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18013.

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Th e article gives the classifi cation of organizations, which prepare consolidated fi nancial statements in the Russian Federation in accordance with the legal system and constituent documents and initiative. Th e author considers the requirements of legal and government regulations for the preparation procedure, audit, extension, publishing and keeping of the consolidated fi nancial statements by these organizations.

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42

Krishtafovich, D. V., and A. R. Farrakhova. "Problematic aspects of the classification of vegetable juice products for customs purposes." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 4 (March 27, 2023): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2304-05.

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The article examines the problematic aspects of the classifi cation of vegetable juice products that arise for customs offi cials when conducting customs control over the reliability of the declared code according to the EAEU Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, based on an analysis of judicial practice materials. Possible ways of solving the identified problematic aspects are considered.

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43

Hou, Linxue. "Classifi cation of errors in Russian texts for building tagged learner corpora." Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences, no. 203 (2022): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/1992-6464-2022-203-247-254.

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44

Seleznev, A. G. "Ecovillages: Options for the Development of Local Space and Classifi cation Principles." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 24 (2018): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2018.24.439-442.

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45

Aly, T., and H. ElGazzar. "Validity of radiographic measurements in classifi cation of Thoracolumbar injuries: Statistical analysis." International Journal of Spine Research 1, no. 1 (2019): 017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijsr.000004.

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46

Manikandakumar, K., K. Gokul Raj, R. Srikumar, and S. Muthukumaran. "Classifi cation of Protein Structural Classes using Isoluecine and Lysine Amino Acids." Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics 03, no. 07 (2010): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/jpb.1000143.

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47

Y, Ang. "State of Art Update: Detection and Classifi cation of Early Colonic Neoplasia." Archives of Clinical Gastroenterology 3, no. 1 (2017): 021–26. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-2283.000032.

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Colonoscopy has been shown to be effective in the detection and removal of precancerous lesions and early cancers, and as a result, colorectal screening programs are in preparation, or in place throughout  the world. Screening efforts are reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and allow diagnosis CRCs at an earlier stage. It is increasingly evident that colonoscopic polypectomy including endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection has become a means of cancer prevention with evidence of reduced predicted incidence and mortality of colorectal malignancies. However, the risk of interval CRC relates to the skill of the performing colonoscopist, rather than any patient or polyp characteristic. Every endoscopist needs to actively look for proximal and fl at or depressed lesions. For the general  endoscopist, this means the ability to fi nd and accurately assess a lesion is vital. In addition, advancing endotherapeutics means more lesions are potentially removable, and so endoscopists must be able to describe lesions in a standard fashion. This review deals with the current means of describing lesion morphology and surface characteristics, together with the signifi cance of these. We also discuss the developing adjuncts to endoscopic imaging.

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48

ЧУРСИНА, О. А., В. А. ЗАГОРУЙКО, Л. А. ЛЕГАШЕВА, et al. "ASSESSMENT OF THE COLOR OF AGED BRANDY DISTILLATES BASED ON THEIR OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION OF THE PHENOLIC COMPLEX." Известия вузов. Пищевая технология, no. 2-3(396) (June 11, 2024): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26297/0579-3009.2024.2-3.19.

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Цвет является важной характеристикой при оценке качества и идентификации винодельческой продук- ции. У коньяка и коньячных дистиллятов он характеризуется от светло-золотистого до темно-янтарного или тем- но-коричневого и обусловлен компонентами фенольного состава, экстрагируемыми из древесины дуба. Однако определение цвета винопродукции визуально с помощью описательных характеристик не позволяет однозначно интерпретировать результат оценки из-за субъективности метода и многочисленности понятий и терминов. В свя- зи с этим для количественного выражения цвета наиболее актуальными являются спектрофотометрические мето- ды, однако их результаты не регламентированы, что сдерживает их внедрение. Проведено дифференцирование коньячных дистиллятов на 3 цветовые группы, в каждой из которых определены диапазоны оптических показате- лей и компонентов фенольного состава. Установлено, что классификация цвета коньячных дистиллятов по опти- ческим показателям (I, Т, G) позволяет определять различие между группами с точностью до 98,6%. Выявлена со- вокупность показателей фенольного состава коньячных дистиллятов – массовой концентрации суммы фенольных веществ, их полимерных форм, галловой и эллаговой кислот, доли полимерных форм и эллаговой кислоты в сум- ме фенольных веществ, учет которых обеспечивает высокую точность классификации (97,1%) коньячных дистил- лятов на 3 цветовые группы. Получены классификационные модели для определения принадлежности образца коньячного дистиллята к одной из цветовых групп по оптическим показателям или компонентам фенольного сос- тава при ошибке классификации 1–3%. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы производственны- ми и научными лабораториями в качестве критериев для оценки цвета и идентификации коньячных дистиллятов. Color is an important characteristic in assessing the quality and identifi cation of wine products. In cognac and cognac distillates, it is characterized by light golden to dark amber or dark brown and is due to phenolic components extracted from oak wood. Determining the color of wine products visually using descriptive characteristics does not allow an unambiguous interpretation of the evaluation result due to the subjectivity of the method and the multiplicity of concepts and terms. In this regard, spectrophotometric methods are the most relevant for the quantitative expression of color, but their results are not regulated, which hinders their implementation. Cognac distillates were differentiated into 3 color groups, in each of which the ranges of optical indicators and components of the phenolic composition were determined. It has been established that classifi cation of the color of cognac distillates according to optical indicators (I, T, G) makes it possible to determine the difference between groups with an accuracy of up to 98,6%. A set of indicators of the phenolic composition of cognac distillates has been identifi ed – the mass concentration of the sum of phenolic substances, their polymer forms, gallic and ellagic acids, the proportion of polymer forms and ellagic acid in the sum of phenolic substances, the accounting of which ensures high classifi cation accuracy (97,1%) of cognac distillates into 3 color groups. Classifi cation models were obtained to determine whether a sample of cognac distillate belongs to one of the color groups based on optical indicators or components of the phenolic composition with a classifi cation error of 1–3%. The results of the study can be used by production and scientifi c laboratories as criteria for assessing the color and identifi cation of cognac distillates.

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49

Кибанов and Ardalon Kibanov. "Theoretical Basics for Building Economical and Effective Systems of Human Resources Management in Organizations." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, no. 5 (2014): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5793.

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We continue publishing lectures on new Bachelor’s program – Economics of Human Resources Management. The article studies classifi cation and essence of elements of organizational economic mechanism of human resources management, and components and essence of functional target model of human resources management of an organization, which is the major source of building economical and eff ective systems of human resources management.

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50

Yiadom, Eunice Boakye, Tayyab Saeed Akhtar, Sameen Abbas, Dua Sadaf Abbasi, and Amjad Khan. "Prevalence, causes and management of gastric varices – a literature review." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 78, no. 3 (2024): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2024247.

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Summary: Gastric varices, although less prevalent than esophageal varices, exhibit greater morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive literature review investigates the prevalence of gastric varices, diverse classifi cation systems, and available management options. The spectrum of management modalities encompasses primary and secondary prevention, acute gastric variceal bleeding strategies, and preventive measures against rebleeding. A meticulous exploration of PubMed and Google Scholar over the past decade (2013 to 2023) shaped the inclusion criteria for adults aged 18 and above dia gnosed with gastric varices, with or without variceal bleeding. Exclusion criteria eliminated non-gastric variceal causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and qualitative articles, resulting in 43 relevant records from the 190 initially identified. The diverse management landscape caters to the specifi c type of gastric varix, contributing to a varied treatment approach. Notably, endoscopic ultrasound- -guided coil embolization coupled with glue injection has emerged as a promising intervention, demonstrating superior outcomes in addressing gastric varices. The evolving understanding of these varices and advancing therapeutic strategies underscore the dynamic nature of research in this critical medical domain. Key words: gastric varices – upper gastrointestinal bleeding – classifi cation – hemostasis – etiology – management options

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