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Klinmalai, Siwaporn. "Effect Evaluation of Gated Housing Projects Accumulated in Suburban Residential Areas of Bangkok Metropolitan Region." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192184.
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Löfdahl, Andreas, and Andreas Wikström. "Traffic generation in residential areas in Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131767.
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Sweco Society AB använder idag två verktyg för uppskattning av framtida trafikflöden för nyexploaterade områden, så kallat trafikalstring. Dessa verktyg är relativt osäkra och Sweco önskar därför att en undersökning av dessa verktyg utförs. De två verktyg Sweco använder vid beräkning av trafikalstring är Trafikverkets trafikalstringsverktyg samt nyckeltal från rapporten Trafikalstringstal och trafikprognoser vid bebyggelseplanering. För att utvärdera verktygen och undersöka deras reliabilitet har jämförelser mellan trafikmätningar i fyra utvalda bostadsområden och utdata från trafikalstringsverktygen genomförts. De fyra utvalda bostadsområdena är liknande i utformning men skiljer sig på två parametrar vilka är inkomst och avstånd till stadskärna. De undersökta områdena är placerade i Norrköping och innehåller 53-122 bostäder var.
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Yu, Chia-Jen. "Environmentally sustainable acoustics in urban residential areas." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14922/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to examine environmentally sustainable acoustics, considering mainly urban residential areas. The study has systematically examined the three essential aspects of environmentally sustainable acoustics, namely, people, buildings and resources. The investigations are focused on three aspects: (l) the effects of urban acoustics on people: a systematic field survey on people's perceptions which considered people's living experiences, sound preferences and social factors; (2) a series of buildings' life cycle assessments which examined the environmental impact from cradle to grave of the building's lifespan and tried to further comprehend acoustic sustainability of residential buildings; (3) various possibilities concerning the use of wind turbines around and above the residential buildings in an attempt to discover how to regenerate renewable wind energy and to avoid serious noise effects. The study has then been expanded from the three aspects, by revealing potential to achieving environmentally sustainable acoustics. Overall, it has been proved that environmentally sustainable acoustics is an essential part of the environmentally sustainability development. The thesis makes a positive contribution to urban residential areas through the illustration of a sustainable acoustics approach to environmentally sustainable development, and demonstrates how these factors should be associated with each other. Acoustics and sustainability is a rather new field this study only reveals some key issues. More systematic and in-depth study in other aspects is still needed.
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Cáceres, Seguel César [Verfasser]. "Exploring the periurban residential areas in Santiago de Chile : the asymmetric residential model between Corporate and State residential areas in Lampa 2000-2010 / César Cáceres Seguel." Hamburg : HafenCity Universität Hamburg, Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106674730X/34.
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Momeneh, Arash. "Inductive contactless energy transfer systems for residential areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462809.
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In recent years, contactless energy transfer systems have been developed and investigated widely. As evident, the transfer energy is performed without physical connection. This technology is classified according to power level and place of use. However, the most commonly used one is inductive contactless energy transfer system due to its higher efficiency. The inductive contactless system is responsible to deliver the electrical energy to the loads by means of a long winding loop and sliding transformers. In this system, the output converter and load are directly connected to the secondary side of transformer. Moreover, the secondary side transformer has the capability to move along the primary winding loop. According to this capability, and also possibility to construct long contactless system, it can be used as an electrical energy delivery system for mobile receivers. Also, the ICET technologies improve the safety of the final user by means of the elimination of electrical shocks. It is resulted from using a high-frequency resonant transformer which provides electrical isolation. This feature is particularly important in wet environments such as in swimming pools, gardens and bathrooms. Therefore, it is a good alternative system for implementing in the residential area instead of conventional systems.
Implementation of the inductive contactless system in residential area presents several challenges. In this dissertation, several solutions are presented and discussed. In the first chapter, the concept of the contactless energy transfer system is explained. Also, the chapter classifies the contactless system according to the technology and the output power. In chapter two, a new adaptive control algorithm for the fully-controlled contactless energy transfer system is presented. The new adaptive algorithm operates dynamically with the load changes, resulting in maximum efficiency in all the load conditions. Moreover, the mathematical framework of the contactless system with new adaptive algorithm is presented. In chapter three, a partially-controlled inductive contactless system as an alternative to the fully-controlled topology is introduced. The features of the new topology are analyzed by considering several modulation techniques, including frequency modulation, phase modulation and quantum modulation. The performance of the new topology is evaluated and the best modulation technique is identified. The chapter is finished with the design of the new topology with the best modulation technique. In chapter four, the analysis, design and implementation of a simple and cost-effective technique to supply the residential contactless energy transfer system with multiple mobile loads is presents. The topology is based on the cascaded connection of a closed-loop buck converter and a high frequency resonant inverter operating in open loop which is loaded by several output passive rectifiers. The proposed system includes a sliding transformer to supply the mobile loads, leading to a safe and flexible location of loads. The theoretical analysis and design of the proposed system is based on a mathematical model derived using the first harmonic approximation. Selected experimental results are included to verify the system features. Finally, the dissertation concludes with remarks regarding the results.En los últimos años, los sistemas de transmisión de energía sin contacto han sido ampliamente investigados y desarrollados. Como es evidente, en estos la transmisión de energía se realiza sin conexión física. Esta tecnología se suele clasificar de acuerdo al nivel de potencia y el lugar de utilización. Sin embargo, los más usados son los sistemas inductivos de trasmisión de energía sin contacto (Inductive contactless energy transfer systems, ICET) debido a su alta eficiencia. Los sistemas ICET envían la energía eléctrica a las cargas a través de grandes bobinados y transformadores sliding. En estos sistemas, la salida del convertidor y las cargas están directamente conectadas al lado secundario del transformador. Este, tiene la capacidad de moverse a través del bobinado primario. Debido a esta capacidad y a la posibilidad de construir sistemas de gran tamaño, pueden ser usados como sistemas de suministro de energía para receptores móviles. Por otro lado, las tecnologías ICET mejoran la seguridad de los usuarios finales ya que eliminan el riesgo de electrocución, como resultado del uso de transformadores resonantes de alta frecuencia que proveen un aislamiento eléctrico. Esta característica es particularmente importante en ambientes húmedos como las piscinas, jardines y baños. Además, es una buena alternativa para la implementación residencial, en lugar de los sistemas convencionales. La implementación de sistemas ICET en áreas residenciales presenta ciertos retos. En esta tesis de doctorado, se presentan diversas soluciones a estos. En el primer capítulo, el concepto de sistemas de transmisión de energía sin contacto es explicado y se presenta una clasificación de acuerdo al nivel de potencia. En el segundo capítulo, se propone un algoritmo de control adaptativo para sistemas de transmisión de energía sin contacto totalmente controlados. Este algoritmo adaptativo opera dinámicamente con los cambios de carga, alcanzando la máxima eficiencia ante diferentes condiciones de carga. En el capítulo se describe el modelado matemático del algoritmo propuesto. En el tercer capítulo, se introduce un sistema sin contacto inductivo parcialmente controlado como alternativa a la topología totalmente controlada. Se analizan las características de esta nueva topología considerando diferentes técnicas de modulación, incluyendo la modulación de frecuencia, la modulación de fase y la modulación Quantum. Luego, se evalúa el desempeño de esta nueva topología y de identifica la técnica de modulación más adecuada. Finalmente, se presenta el diseño de la nueva topología con la técnica de modulación seleccionada. En el cuarto capítulo se presenta el análisis, diseño e implementación de una técnica simple y efectiva en términos de costo para el suministro energía inalámbrica residencial con múltiples cargas móviles. La topología se basa en una conexión en cascada de un convertidor buck de lazo cerrado y de un inversor resonante de alta frecuencia operando en lazo abierto, que es cargado con varios rectificadores pasivos. El sistema propuesto incluye un transformador sliding para abastecer las cargas móviles, lo que permite una ubicación flexible y segura de las mismas. El análisis teórico y el diseño del sistema propuesto se basan en modelos matemáticos derivados del uso de la aproximación del primer armónico. Se incluyen resultados experimentales para verificar las características del sistema. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones más importantes de los resultados obtenidos
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Stockdale, Aileen. "Residential mobility in rural areas of population growth." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293845.
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Chen, Lih Horng. "Land use control in residential areas in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292486.
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Hanyu, Kazunori. "Visual Properties and Affective Appraisals in Residential Areas." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391686285.
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Li, Jing Qiang. "Designing constraints for capacity analysis of residential floor areas." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292545.
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This thesis focuses on the development of design constraints for use in analyzing the capacity of the residential units' floor areas in Open Building projects. Two cases are used to demonstrate the use of these constraints: a vacant office building (Kales Building) being converted to residential occupancy; a new multi-story building the lower floors of which are hotel rooms and the upper floors are residential condominium units.The thesis suggests that these constraints and the capacity analysis of residential floor areas associated with them can assist design teams, at the beginning of similar projects; provide important "added value" to clients, and contribute to the long term "sustainability" or adaptability of buildings.The first part of the thesis addresses the question of how to design a residential base building which can accommodate an optimal number and variety of fit-out unit layouts. The answer to the question links to the need for design constraints and points to their use in capacity analysis.The second part of the thesis focuses on the deduction of "constraint-designing" for Open Building residential layout. Plumbing systems, which are one of the most significant barriers to the application of Open Building, are specifically and more deeply studied in this part. A series of constraints are developed, which can generally assist in designing and analyzing floor plate capacity. . It is akin to learning to know the rules before starting a game.The third part of the thesis focuses on the demonstration of the uses of constraints in the design process of the conversion of an abandoned office building to residential uses.The last part of the thesis demonstrates the use of constraints and capacity analysis in a new multi-story condo project.In short, the paper is initially concerned with both the design concept and its application into detail levels in one of the many issues. It is a study of methods and technical rules of designing floor plan layouts when capacity analysis is the aim.Department of Architecture
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Edward, Fakinah Nailan. "Regenerating Public Space in Residential Areas : Planning and Design Proposal for Oxhagen Residential Area, Kalmar." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18113.
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This degree project looks at the effective methods and principles in planning and design for regenerating public space, especially regenerating public space in residential areas. This regeneration of public space is important, as a way to solve problem of unattractiveness, lack of social interaction and insecurity feeling among people or inhabitants in public spaces in residential areas. In this project, we choose Oxhagen housing area in Kalmar, as the project object. In which, the projects aim to change the Oxhagen from unattractive place to an attractive place which enhance people to have positive social interactions among inhabitants. Firstly, this project begun by collecting the relevant study and theory regarding public space, especially in residential areas. From there, we based this project with proper guidelines and planning principles. Furthermore, to thoroughly consider all practical aspects, this project also studied successful public spaces in residential areas in Scandinavia countries, therefore, the project can learn from the successful projects. The second and third part, the project provides information of the context of the area and situational analyses of the site, Oxhagen in Kalmar. The last important part of this project, we provide the proposal of public space in residential area, Oxhagen. The project based the proposal on the relevant theories and the situational analysis. The proposal are consists of detail plans and other planning suggestions. In the proposal, we focus the planning and design with the concept of accessibility, enclosure, and diversity of activities, as we think these three concepts are the most applicable to the context of Oxhagen. Therefore, the suggestions and proposal are from these three concepts.
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Bråmå, Åsa. "Studies in the dynamics of residential segregation /." Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6336.
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Grace, T. "Improving the Waking Effectiveness of Fire Alarms in Residential Areas." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8271.
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The objective of this study is to find ways of improving the waking effectiveness of fire alarms mainly in residential areas. The main goal is to find out why fatalities are occurring when occupants are sleeping, by analysing sleep characteristics, fire alarm characteristics, human arousal and reasons for not waking up or taking any action during an emergency fire alarm signal.
This report describes the sleep characteristics of humans and shows the difference in sleep patterns with age and gender. It then covers the fire alarm characteristics and how the sound can affect awakenings from sleep. It includes fire alarm characteristics and looks at how different frequencies, loudness and sound patterns affect human arousal during sleep.
This report then looks at factors affecting awakenings such as people affected by drugs, alcohol, sleep deprivation and hearing impairment and how this affects the sleep patterns. Also it looks at solutions to lowering the awakening thresholds such as motivational training.
The following section looks into human behaviour in fires such as how and why people react in a fire emergency. Then it looks at statistics from various countries and compares fire trends such as time of fatalities and regions where fires occur. Finally the report closes with recommendations and conclusions, such as improving fire alarm signals and points about improving the waking effectiveness of fire alarms.
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McCrory, Mark L. "The Availability of Automated External Defibrillators in Senior Residential Areas." The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624274.
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Class of 2008Objectives: To determine the number of senior communities within the Tucson area that have access to automated external defibrillators (AED). Methods: Publicly available internet search engines were used to identify a number of various senior communities within the Tucson area. The various communities included senior apartment communities, recreational vehicle parks, and manufactured home parks. A representative employee of the community was interviewed to determine if an AED was accessible to the residents of the community. Results: Thirty senior apartments, eight manufactured home, and twelve RV communities were identified. The communities ranged in size from 22 to 1576 units, with the average being 222 units per community and the mean 232 units per community. IF the 50 senior communities identified only 2 of them had an AED on the premises. Both of the communities that had an AED on premise were RV parks that had a paid security crew that was trained in the use of the AED. Conclusions: In the Tucson senior communities there is a gross under availability of access to life saving equipment in a population that has a higher risk heart attacks and could benefit from having access to an AED.
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Gottwalt, Sebastian [Verfasser], and H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmeck. "Managing Flexible Loads in Residential Areas / Sebastian Gottwalt. Betreuer: H. Schmeck." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075254043/34.
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Davidson, Dean A. "Residential revitalisation of inner city areas: a case study of Northbridge." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 1995. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15080.
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The catalyst for this research has been the growing national interest in inner city living. Specifically this has come from local and state government, the housing and land development industry, and the general public over the last two decades. During this time there has generally been an increase in dwellings and residents within most Australian inner city areas. The last two decades has witnessed a continual barrage by public and private organisations as to the benefits of inner city living. However there has been negligible research from the inner city residents perspective. Most research to date has centered on inner city lifestyle benefits, what dwellings private developers are providing,and what local and state governments are doing to promote inner city living. This research has focused on Northbridge as a case study as an indicator of inner city Australian areas. The research identifies historical influences and changes in landuses in Northbridge since 1829 through to the 1990s with particular reference to the move from residential to commercial land uses, and the resurgence in residential land uses. This has included an analysis of the role and impact of local and state government, and commercial forces. A synoptic view reveals that landuse changes have been driven by the needs of commercial forces, with local and state government serving commercial before resident needs. A demographic profile of who the inner city residents are has been established. It has been revealed that the diversity of the inner areas is reflected in the demographics of the people that live there.Similarly the inner city household types and structures are varied, although most households are smaller than those of the middle or outer suburbs. Further research was undertaken to determine the relationship of the available dwellings in inner areas relative to what residents want in terms of dwelling design, size, location, open space, cost and affordability. The type of dwelling being built was found to be similar to what inner city residents want, although their cost creates inequitable access. The problems with inner city living and what support services are required for inner city residents was analysed. This was correlated with an analysis of transport needs, and the relationship between inner city residents, and the location of employment, retail and entertainment facilities. Most support services required by inner city residents were found to be available, although a need exists to improve specific services. Inner residents do rely on private vehicles, although to a lesser degree than middle or outer suburban dwellers and with less time spent travelling to access employment, retail and entertainment facilities. This research has essentially focused on the inner city residents needs, and the degree to which these needs have been fulfilled.
The general consensus amongst local and state government, and private bodies involved in the supply of inner city dwellings is that building more dwellings will inject life into the inner areas. Unfortunately this is a simplistic view that is unlikely to create the bustling, lively streets envisaged. To revitalise the inner areas requires a closer examination of who the residents are that are moving into the inner areas' so as to enhance and not detract from the existing diversity. The concluding chapter of this thesis outlines recommendations that have been designed to promote equitable access to inner city dwellings and revitalisation of inner areas to ensure than not only is the inner city population increased, but that life is injected back into the inner city by the residents, and that there is more of a focus on resident, rather than commercial needs.
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Bari, Aynul. "Investigation of particulate matter originating from wood combustion in residential areas." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996003797/04.
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Gottwalt, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmeck. "Managing Flexible Loads in Residential Areas / Sebastian Gottwalt. Betreuer: H. Schmeck." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:90-488030.
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Ellis, Ronald L. "Residential land use policy and conservation development in the Blanco River Basin /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/110/.
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Goddard, Mark Adam. "The socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity in residential landscapes at multiple scales : an interdisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582118.
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Kural, Nerkis. "Parameters Of Sustainability In Urban Residential Areas: A Critique Of Temelli/ankara." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610343/index.pdf.
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The important positions and proposals of the thesis are firstly the framework posited
for a socially sustainable urban environment, and secondly a proposal for the
parameters of place formation for sustainable urban design. Research into social
sustainability has provided a variety of approaches among which Castells’
model for urban movements have been adapted as a matrix for social organization in terms of placemaking, highlighting the goals of an urban movement, in this case of a place, with the citizen as urban actor, against its adversary the historical actor. As for the parameters of place formation a matrix of place is developed as a tool for urban design and for measuring urban sustainability. The matrix delineates the six dimensions of place in terms of the three sustainabilities most strongly involved in each
to be measured by the indicators of sustainability which are to be achieved by applying various strategies for urban design. As a result of the study of the underlying dynamics of the paradigms of sustainability, place, and place-making, and the shifting role of urban design necessitated by problems of urbaproposed within a discourse that prefers to see the three sustainabilities in conjunction and, believes socially sustainable communities to be also environmentally and economically sustainable- the issue becomes how to facilitate a place process through urban design. Place as a social product, and place as an experiential, cognitive construct, place as object and subject of place-making, and place as a geographically specific, historical materialist formation are the four vantage points from which to inspect the juxtapositions and differences of the concept
and may be arrive at a theory of place. The predilection that sustainability and urbanization can be evaluated via placemaking stems, on one hand, from a study of the city/urbanization through the works of Harvey, Castells, Lefebvre and Bookchin who emphasize social space/process in the face of physical/geometric space
and an architectural background/disposition which finds place congenial on the other hand. The paradigm of sustainability and place, and place-making as urban design is applied to the case of Temelli, Ankara for a critique of sustainable/unsustainable urbanization. As a geographic, social, economic and historical location within the Greater Municipality of Ankara, Temelli has been a region of attraction for investors since the 1990s. What was once a small village planned for settling Balkan immigrants, became a municipality in 1994
the land within the municipal boundaries were increased tenfold, and the region was earmarked for an overspill of 650,000 people from Ankara Metropolitan Area in the next 20 years. Four residential areas in the region have been assessed comparatively in terms of sustainable urban forms
and an evaluation of everyday lives have been conducted through surveys and interviews with residents to observe how and if place as social product evolved
how the conceived, perceived and lived spaces interacted.
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Chee, Kin Lien [Verfasser]. "Fixed Broadband Wireless Access in Vegetated Rural Residential Areas / Kin Lien Chee." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1069046086/34.
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Lindberg, William. "Monte-Carlo response for mobile gamma spectroscopy in fallout affected residential areas." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447028.
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Historically, two nuclear power plant incidents have led to major releases of radioactive isotopes into the environment. In the unfortunate event that such an incident would occur in Sweden, the national emergency preparedness has set-up carborne detector systems which can be used to map radionuclides in fallout affected areas. However, analysing the carborne measurments is not trivial. To investigate how these detector systems behave, a full scale model of a Swedish suburban neighborhood was constructed in the particle transport code SERPENT2. Within this model, detector and car geometries where defined to obtain an estimate of the measurement one would obtain efter different cleanup scenarios with an initial 100 kBq/m^2 ground deposition of the fission product Cs-137.
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Chen, Kin Lien [Verfasser]. "Fixed Broadband Wireless Access in Vegetated Rural Residential Areas / Kin Lien Chee." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201503294930.
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Bardhipur, Seema. "Modeling the Effect of Green Infrastructure on Direct Runoff Reduction in Residential Areas." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1494345249222244.
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Koon, Wai Cindy. "A literature review should tobacco smoking at residential homes in the presence of children be banned in Hong Kong? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42994834.
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Wong, Ying-chau. "Residential area planning for the elderly in the old, urban areas of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940235.
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Agbauduta, Stephen Ogba. "SPATIAL MCDA FOR FINDING SUITABLE AREAS FOR HOUSING CONSTRUCTION." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23643.
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Demand for residential houses in urban areas has become a major problem facing town planners today. With the high increase in urbanization due to the increase in population, residential houses are becoming more difficult to find. Planners aim at developing new ideas to combat the high increase in the demand for residential buildings. In recent times, different methods of analysis have been introduced that will help planners select best locations to erect residential houses. A Geographic information system (GIS) is one of the tools for analyzing and storing a great deal of information. Over the years, GIS technology has been introduced into planning and the result has been of great help to urban planners in planning sustainable environment for residents. This research aims at using GIS technology and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to determine possible locations to build residential houses and analyzing different methods of selecting suitability areas within the study area. An MCDA map was produced from the combination of different factors and constraint which include elevation, orientation of the building (direction), the soil type and land use type. Proximity analysis was also done to find out how infrastructures (existing roads, shopping malls and health care enter) are close to the study area. Results show that the southern, eastern, and a part of western side of the study area is better to build residential houses than other areas. Three different methods (visual interpretation method, seeding method and neighborhood method) where used to find out which method produces the most suitable locations within the study area. In order to calculate the suitability areas and suitability values, the sum of pixel values were calculated for each method. The visual interpretation method servers as a standard method of deciding the suitability area covers 15,375 m² and has the highest suitability values of about 500 pixels. The seeding method was used as an automatic method for selecting the suitability area; result shows that the suitability area covers 17,421 m² and has the highest suitability value of about 1200 pixels. The neighborhood method was calculated using two different statistics (mean statistics and majority statistics). The mean statistics covers an area of 12,439 m² while the majority statistics covers an area of 14,332 m². From analysis carried out, the seeding method is preferred for selecting suitability areas than the visual interpretation method and the neighborhood method but the visual interpretation method covers more suitability area than the seeding method and neighborhood method.
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Akpinar, Figen. "Social Stratification And Consumption Profiles Of Ankara: A Case Study In Ankara Residential Areas." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606103/index.pdf.
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SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND CONSUMPTION PROFILES OF ANKARA: A
CASE STUDY IN ANKARA RESIDENTIAL AREAS
This dissertation attempts to develop a social stratification model considering its spatial
dimension for the households in the city of Ankara. The spatiality of social class has rarely
been in the agenda of scholars and has not been explored empirically. For this reason, the
study aims to test the hypothesis that social segregation in Turkish cities is empirically
measurable and manifests itself in the common patterns of behaviours and similar
conditioning of existence in the urban space. The focus of attention of the thesis is based on
the relationship between the material inequalities of different social strata within its
territorial context. If a class becomes a social reality, this must be shown in the formation of
common patterns of behaviour and attitude, and manifests itself in urban space. In short the
scope of the study is a twofold: Thesis questions are: (1) how and upon what basis social
groups and strata can be located in the economic and socio-cultural structure of the society.
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which means segregation. Thesis findings provide sufficient evidence that the differences stemmed from the material possessions and consumption patterns of the urban households cannot be understood by employing the conventional instruments as such rural/urban, traditional/modern as the division of axes. New conceptualisation urgently is needed and consumption studies offer prospective and highly potential issue.
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王應秋 and Ying-chau Wong. "Residential area planning for the elderly in the old, urban areas of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256843.
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Bari, Md Aynul [Verfasser]. "Investigation of Particulate Matter Originating from Wood Combustion in Residential Areas / Md. Aynul Bari." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/115983282X/34.
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Kompil, Esin İnce Avar Arslan Avar. "Uneven development and declining inner city residential areas: The case of İzmir-Tuzcu district/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/sehirplanlama/T000410.pdf.
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Çam, Rabia Serim Erkal. "An analaytical approach to the urban outdoor lighting quality of residential areas in İzmir/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/sehirplanlama/T000283.pdf.
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Marshall, Timothy Charles. "Local planning in inner city residential areas : studies of Leeds and Manchester 1966-1986." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1990. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/a1f4f945-18ae-419f-86c9-b3bd423f7058/1.
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A new phase of local planning began in the 1970s in the major English cities, as redevelopment of older residential areas began to give way to rehabilitation. This phase has not been intensively studied in the planning literature. This study seeks to assess the contribution of local planning to the processes of renewal in these inner residential areas, with a special interest in arrangements which may give residents of these areas better control over the outcomes. The research examines the factors which conditioned the approach to local planning in each city and each neighbourhood, with case studies of two neighbourhoods in Leeds and two in Manchester. At the citywide level Manchester council's form of Labour politics is seen as generally discouraging the use of local planning frameworks, with the retention of a more centralised council administration. Analysis of the joint operation of a wide range of factors is emphasised as necessary to understand the kinds of local planning adopted and the effects these had. In particular the variation present within each neighbourhood and in each case or episode is seen as significant in influencing local planning processes and outcomes. After 1974 there was less likelihood of even informal area frameworks being used, and greater tendencies towards ad hoc planning decisions on individual cases. It is concluded that extensive changes are needed to make local planning more responsive: changes particularly in the overall resourcing and programming context in which local planning operates, and in the procedures used within planning, above all those for involving local interests and in the way municipal administration is organised. The housing renewal system introduced in 1990 (with Renewal Areas) might, if suitably applied, help to facilitate such a form of more responsive local planning.
34
Ndambuki, J. M., and S. Rwanga. "Assessment of air pollution in residential areas : a case study of Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/496.
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Published ArticleAir pollution, just like any other type of pollution, produces harmful effects to man and his environment. In spite of knowing this, many less industrialised countries of the world have no air quality monitoring strategies in place. Consequently, documented evidence of air pollution studies in such countries is scarce. This is the case in Tanzania. This scenario is made worse by lack of scientific tools which could aid in identifying air pollution-prone areas with a view to aiding town planners in locating safe sites for schools, hospitals and residential areas as well as parks. In this paper, we present results of a study carried out in the city of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania on air pollution in residential areas. Results show significant air pollution in the studied areas. Moreover, both adults and children are at risk due to lead pollution in the air.
35
Smales, Lindsay Mark. "An appraisal of the history, impact and effectiveness of the Essex design guide for residential areas." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315405.
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Al-Dossary, Mona K. "A study of current residential buildings in Al-Khobar and the forces that shape them." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343772.
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Jackson, Jeremy. "Agent-based simulation of urban residential dynamics: a case study of gentrifying areas in Boston." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32501.
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This study uses an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to simulate residential dynamics in an area of Boston, a city that has increasingly experienced gentrification in the past decades. The model is instantiated using housing data from the City of Boston Assessing Department and uses simple decision-making rules for four classes of agents to simulate the area's residential dynamics. The model employs the consumption explanation of the cause of gentrification, which emphasizes the choices of individuals drawn to urban amenities, while testing the production explanation, which suggests that major investments from the public and private sphere attract and explain gentrification. Verification shows that the processes in the model work according to its construction, capture the system's emergent phenomena and that this ABM may be a valuable explanatory tool for understanding and learning about some processes underlying gentrification.Cette étude recourt à une approche de modélisation à base d'agents dans le but de simuler la dynamique résidentielle d'un quartier de Boston, une ville où l'on observe une forte hausse de l'embourgeoisement depuis quelques décennies. Le modèle est instancié au moyen des données relatives à l'habitation du Assessing Department de la ville de Boston et applique des règles simples de prise de décision à quatre catégories d'agents afin de simuler la dynamique résidentielle du quartier à l'étude. Le modèle se sert de l'explication des habitudes de consommation, qui cause l'embourgeoisement en attirant les individus vers la ville, et examine l'explication de la production qui suggère que l'embourgeoisement est le résultat des investissements massifs en provenance des domaines publics et privés. La vérification montre que les processus du modèle fonctionnent suivant la construction de ce dernier, qu'ils mettent en lumière le phénomène émergent du système et que la modélisation à base d'agents peut permettre de comprendre et d'apprendre certains processus qui sous-tendent l'embourgeoisement.
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Viaud, Gilles. "Toward a gender-sensitive interpretation of urban residential areas, empirical analysis of Montreal and Saskatoon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23934.pdf.
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Rose, Felicity Clare. "Urban design in urban renewal : towards an agenda for Hong Kong's old urban residential areas /." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13841014.
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Oylum, Gokce. "Spatial Analysis Of Mass Housing Areas In Duzce." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612838/index.pdf.
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In literature on residential areas, the settlement pattern is analyzed starting from their first apperance. In the pre-industrial city was no specialization of land use, the urban layout was relatively irregular, the street markets, shops, workshops and homes being mixed together.
However, after industrialization for cities there was a need for housing supply and these were mostly supplied by blocks around working areas. All of these settlements were not healthy and efficient. So with regulations and policies for better settlements more healty and secure places were planned for workers with the idea of modernism. Also modernism brought the pure geometry for building design. The colour and facade of the buildings were determined related to functions or structural rationalist ideas. This standart and simple blocks were critised by some. Like, Sitte&rsquos (1889) eulogied historic spaces for their random and artistic city aesthetic. The sprawl of housing areas increased the need for accesibility and social integration to each other and main center. On the other hand, the residential quarters in their inner dynmics, the public realm, circulation, self character etc. must be defined for good working settlement and its environment. This resulted in traditional neighborhood properties for better residential settlements that new urbanist way of thought encouraged more ecology and pedestrian-oriented settlements. In Dü
zce after earthquake in 1999, important scale of housing necessity appeared and this need was supplied with mass housing projects in short time. In fact, 20% of the urban settlement is provided by these mass housing projects and the projects will go on. In fact, 40 % of the settlement is expected to be provided with mass housing projects. Master thesis attempts to clarify the design problems in mass housing areas in Dü
zce. The problems related to mass housing environment will be discussed, with reference to design concept, to explain whether or not these mass housing areas provide neighborhood standarts.
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Bowers, Kate Bowers. "Crimes against non-residential properties : patterns of victimisation, impact upon urban areas and crime prevention strategies." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366729.
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Walterscheid, Steven K. "Climate classification for the earth's oceanic areas using the KӦppen System." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9194.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Geography
John A. Harrington Jr
The objective of this thesis is classify climate for the Earth’s ocean areas. The classifica-tion task is accomplished in part by using monthly average sea surface temperature and precipita-tion data from 1980-2008. Coast-to-coast coverage of the needed data were obtained from the reanalysis product produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Köppen’s classification scheme was implemented in the ArcGIS suite of software, which was used to analyze and display all of the classified map products. Russell’s ‘climatic years’ concept was used and separate classifications were produce for each year of available data. Findings indicate that the oceans are very different from land areas when it comes to the location and extent of varying climate types. Some main findings include the idea that A, C, and E climates dominate the geography of the oceans and that there are zero continental, or D, climates. Also, the Southern Oscillation plays an important part in tropical ocean dynamics and climate, but summarizing twenty nine years of mapped patterns into a summary product removes any major effect from yearly climate system anomalies. A key finding is an argument that supports the establishment of a unique Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. There are polar, ET and EF, climate subtypes surrounding both the Arctic and Antarctic poles, but only the north has the well established Arctic Ocean. Oceanic E climate areas are more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere with circumpolar rings around the Antarctic continent. Classification results support the idea of a Southern Ocean based on the spatial pattern of climate types and in view of the fact that that the climate of the Southern Ocean area is so different from the temperate, or C, climate and its subtypes. This research is important for many reasons, the primary being that climate classification helps us better understand the world around us. It is difficult to see change in the environment without first knowing what the state of the system used to be. Classification will also help depict the changes that have happened, when these shifts in climate occurred, and with that information we can better predict what the future will hold.
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CARVALHO, NORMA ALICE DA SILVA. "HYBRID INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR CLASSIFICATION OF NON-RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY CUSTOMERS PAYMENT PROFILES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33393@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O objetivo desta pesquisa é classificar o perfil de pagamento dos consumidores não-residenciais de energia elétrica, considerando conhecimento armazenado em base de dados de distribuidoras de energia elétrica. A motivação para desenvolvê-la surgiu da necessidade das distribuidoras por um modelo de suporte a formulação de estratégias capazes de reduzir o grau inadimplência. A metodologia proposta consiste em um sistema inteligente híbrido composto por módulos intercomunicativos que usam conhecimentos armazenados em base de dados para segmentar consumidores e, então, atingir o objetivo proposto. O sistema inicia-se com o módulo neural, que aloca as unidades consumidoras em grupos conforme similaridades (valor fatura, consumo, demanda medida/demanda contratada, intensidade energética e peso da conta no orçamento), em sequência, o módulo bayesiano, estabelece um escore entre 0 e 1 que permite predizer o perfil de pagamento das unidades considerando os grupos gerados e os atributos categóricos (atividade econômica, estrutura tarifária, mesorregião, natureza jurídica e porte empresarial) que caracterizam essas unidades. Os resultados revelaram que o sistema proposto estabelece razoável taxa de acerto na classificação do perfil de consumidores e, portanto, constitui uma importante ferramenta de suporte a formulação de estratégias para combate à inadimplência. Conclui-se que, o sistema híbrido proposto apresenta caráter generalista podendo ser adaptado e implementado em outros mercados.
The objective of this research is to classify the non-residential electricity customer payment profiles regarding the knowledge stored in electricity distribution utilities databases. The motivation for development of the work from the need of electricity distribution by a support model to formulate strategies for tackling non-payment and late payment. The proposed methodology consists of a hybrid intelligent system constituted by intercommunicating modules that use knowledge stored in database to customer segmentation and then achieve the proposed objective. The system begins with the neural module, which allocates the consuming units in groups according to similarities (bill amount, consumption, measured demand/contracted demand, energy intensity and share of the electricity bill in the customer s income), in sequence, the Bayesian module establishes a score between 0 and 1 that allows to predict what payment profile of the units considering the generated groups and categorical attributes (business activity, tariff type, business size, mesoregion and company s legal form) that characterize these units. The results showed that the proposed system provides a reasonable success rate when classifying customer profiles and thus constitutes an important tool in the formulation of strategies for tackling non-payment and late payment. In conclusion, the hybrid system proposed here is a generalist one and could usefully be adapted and implemented in other markets.
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Alvarez, Manuela. "Mapping forest habitats in protected areas by integrating LiDAR and SPOT Multispectral Data." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189199.
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KNAS (Continuous Habitat Mapping of Protected Areas) is a Metria AB project that produces vegetation and habitat mapping in protected areas in Sweden. Vegetation and habitat mapping is challenging due to its heterogeneity, spatial variability and complex vertical and horizontal structure. Traditionally, multispectral data is used due to its ability to give information about horizontal structure of vegetation. LiDAR data contains information about vertical structure of vegetation, and therefore contributes to improve classification accuracy when used together with spectral data. The objectives of this study are to integrate LiDAR and multispectral data for KNAS and to determine the contribution of LiDAR data to the classification accuracy. To achieve these goals, two object-based classification schemes are proposed and compared: a spectral classification scheme and a spectral-LiDAR classification scheme. Spectral data consists of four SPOT-5 bands acquired in 2005 and 2006. Spectral-LiDAR includes the same four spectral bands from SPOT-5 and nine LiDAR-derived layers produced from NH point cloud data from airborne laser scanning acquired in 2011 and 2012 from The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority. Processing of point cloud data includes: filtering, buffer and tiles creation, height normalization and rasterization. Due to the complexity of KNAS production, classification schemes are based on a simplified KNAS workflow and a selection of KNAS forest classes. Classification schemes include: segmentation, database creation, training and validation areas collection, SVM classification and accuracy assessment. Spectral-LiDAR data fusion is performed during segmentation in eCognition. Results from segmentation are used to build a database with segmented objects, and mean values of spectral or spectral-LiDAR data. Databases are used in Matlab to perform SVM classification with cross validation. Cross validation accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, producer’s and user’s accuracy are computed. Training and validation areas are common to both classification schemes. Results show an improvement in overall classification accuracy for spectral-LiDAR classification scheme, compared to spectral classification scheme. Improvements of 21.9 %, 11.0 % and 21.1 % are obtained for the study areas of Linköping, Örnsköldsvik and Vilhelmina respectively.
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Pressgrove, Jed Raney. "Black-white, black-nonblack, and white-nonwhite residential segregation in U.S. metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, 1990-2010." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548634.
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The goal of this study is to examine racial residential segregation in U.S. metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The study uses 1990-2010 decennial census data to answer a broad theoretical question: is the historical black-white color line being replaced by a black-nonblack or white-nonwhite color line? The results show that black-white segregation is higher than black-nonblack and white-nonwhite segregation in metropolitan areas, nonmetropolitan areas, and the United States as a whole. A multivariate analysis reveals that population size tends to be associated with higher segregation in metropolitan areas and lower segregation in nonmetropolitan areas. As a control variable, diversity seems to play an important role in segregation by U.S. region. The study concludes that further research is needed to examine how the color line might change, especially in nonmetropolitan areas, which experienced rapid minority population growth during the 2000s.
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Winterburn, Elli. "Characterising the post-industrial city : a case-study of industrial era residential areas in Newcastle-upon-Tyne." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/897.
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This study proposes that urban post-industrial landscapes are defined by both the emergence of new post-industrial building types and uses, and the survival of 19th century residential areas that are typical in English cities. As such the post-industrial city is characterised by processes of change and continuity. The concern for and interest in the character of these residential areas is seen as indicative of current cultural values in the management of the (historic built) environment. This study suggests that in an increasingly complex post-industrial world the concern for character and sense of place are of paramount social and cultural importance, yet the notion of character is often in practice used in a prescriptive, limited capacity and this belies its inclusive and profound, but very complex, potential. Combining historical research with the analysis of the current built environment, the aim of this research is, through a three-phased case-study of the Heaton Residential Neighborhood, to analyse the history, development and the subsequent changes that over the last 100 or so years have had an impact on Heaton as an area. The case-study is undertaken in the context of a theoretical framework developed from a critical reading of existing character conceptualisations within environmental disciplines. This theoretical framework understands the city and its character as a transductive matrix that combines the technical, physical, psychical and affective realities. The case-study is also contextualised in relation to current environmental management policies and a number of established built environment research methods are evaluated based on how they relate to the theoretical framework and address change within the built environment. The concluding chapters develop the case-study research further through historical and typological analysis, assess the merits of the research methodology used and connect the case-study research with the theoretical framework. This study concludes that the research approach adopted allows for the critical assessment of the perceived key characteristics of the surviving 19th century residential areas. It is suggested that combination of historical research and analysis of the current built environment can shed new light on the development of the character of all residential areas. Furthermore, in moving beyond the physical appearance as the key constituent of character, this study high-lights the more abstract characteristics of 19th century residential areas within the post-industrial city.
47
Freitas, JoseÌ Francisco Bernardino. "Townscape and local culture : the use of streets in low-income residential areas in VitoÌria, Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400647.
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This thesis addresses the social and cultural significance of the streets of residential areas for their residents. It includes case studies of two low-income residential areas in Vitoria, Brazil: a government housing project and an area of self-help housing, the result of the invasion of a mangrove' swamp with subsequent upgrading by the local government. The case studies concentrate on residents' use of their streets exploring aspects of the relationship between the home and the street. The research focuses on, the ways in which individuals and groups of residents 'read' their streets and ascribe meanings to them. Five main themes are explored: the origin and process of development of the residential areas; the everyday use of the streets by residents; the way fear of crime influences people's feeling about their private property and the public space of the street; the changes residents have produced in their streets (and their homes in relation to the streets) and the way streets influence the interaction between residents in everyday life. Based on these five themes this thesis reveals how local values are constructed and negotiated. The theoretical framework is derived from different interdisciplinary approaches, especially from architecture, urban design and planning, and cultural/humanistic geography, and a variety of methodological procedures including qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. This study not only contributes to the academic literature addressing the significance of streets in the built environment but also offers insights with respect to the design of new residential areas and planning policies for existing low-income areas
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Wright, Tiaan. "Water demand of selected residential properties with access to groundwater in serviced areas of the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79954.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the water demand of selected residential properties with access to groundwater in serviced areas of the Cape Peninsula. This winter rainfall region is typified by hot and dry summer months, corresponding to peak garden water demand. Water restrictions in the area are relatively common and primarily target outdoor use. Groundwater serves as an alternative source of water to some consumers in the area, but little is known about the extent of such use and the impact thereof on potable water demand. A major part of the area is underlain by a primary, unconfined aquifer that has been reported to have high exploitation potential. Its unconsolidated sand and shallow water table provides ideal conditions for small scale groundwater abstraction. Several owners of properties situated above the aquifer unit have capitalised on this and utilise groundwater as an alternative to potable water, mostly for garden irrigation purposes. The main objective of this research was to investigate the average extent of the expected reduction in average annual municipal water demand due to private groundwater use at the selected properties in the study area. The methodology involved abstracting data from the City of Cape Town’s registration process for the private use of non-potable water. The data was recorded between 2000 and 2006 and was available only in hard copy format. The registration data was used to identify residential properties with access to private groundwater sources, based on the physical addresses recorded on the registration forms. The rate of groundwater abstraction was not recorded during the registration process, nor was any of the properties spatially referenced. The data set contained information for 4 487 properties, of which 3 764 could ultimately be used in the analysis. Data from a recent hydro-census in Hermanus (which was done by others prior to this study) was used to test the intended research method first. This trial investigation involved only 114 properties and was used to streamline the proposed methodology for application on the full-scale analysis of the City of Cape Town data. Each address was captured electronically, verified manually and filtered to extract only those representing residential properties for which groundwater use was registered. In order to identify the properties spatially, the addresses had to be converted to coordinates through a procedure called geocoding, so as to plot each spatially and obtain the attributes such as stand size, position and the unique Surveyor General’s code. This was necessary in order to link the addresses to the municipal treasury system and obtain their latest available water consumption records using a commercial software package that incorporates consumer information. Next the actual annual water consumption figures were compared with recently published water demand guidelines based on stand size as single explanatory variable. The selected residential stands were divided into pre-defined stand size categories. The average water consumption of all the stands in each size category was calculated and compared with the suggested water demand as per the guidelines used, based on the centre value of the size range of each category. The results of the comparative analysis confirm findings from two earlier studies where lower municipal water use was reported for residential properties with access to groundwater in a summer rainfall region. The results further showed that the mean average annual potable water demand of consumers in the study area with access to groundwater was on average 31.4% lower than those considered without such access in the same region. This represents an average reduction of 333 l/stand/day (about 10 kl/stand/month) in the potable water demand of the selected residential stands. This study therefore confirms that serviced residential stands with access to private groundwater sources in the Cape Peninsula have lower average metered water consumption from the municipal supply system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die water anvraag van geselekteerde residensiële erwe met toegang tot grondwater in gedienste woongebiede van die Kaapse Skiereiland. Die gebied is ‘n winterreënvalstreek, met warm, droë somermaande wat saamval met piek water aanvraag vir tuinbou. Waterbeperkings in die area is relatief algemeen, veral op die buitegebruik van water. Grondwater dien as alternatiewe bron vir sommige verbruikers, maar kennis oor die omvang van sulke gebruik, sowel as die impak wat dit het op die aanvraag na drinkbare water is beperk. Die grootste deel van die gebied ter sprake is geleë bo ‘n onbegrensde hoof waterdraer, met berigte hoë ontginningspotensiaal. Die ongekonsolideerde sand en hoë watertafel is ideal vir kleinskaalse grondwateronttrekking. Heelwat van die eienaars van grond wat bo hierdie akwafeer geleë is het die situasie uitgebuit en gebruik grondwater as alternatief vir drinkwater, veral vir tuinbesproeiïng. Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsing was om die gemiddelde omvang van die verwagte vermindering in gemiddelde jaarlikse munisipale wateraanvraag weens die privaat gebruik van grondwater by die geselekteerde erwe in die studiegebied te ondersoek. Die metodiek het die onttrekking van data uit die Stad Kaapstad se registrasieproses vir die privaat gebruik van nie-drinkbare water behels. Hierdie data, wat tussen 2000 en 2006 vasgelê is, was slegs in harde kopie formaat beskikbaar. Die registrasie data is gebruik om woonerwe te identifiseer met toegang tot privaat grondwater bronne, volgens die fisiese adres verskaf op die registrasie vorms. Die tempo van grondwater onttrekking was nie opgeneem gedurende die registrasie proses nie, so ook nie ruimtelike aanwysings na die ligging van die eiendomme nie. Die datastel het inligting bevat oor 4 487 eiendomme, waarvan 3 764 uiteindelik bruikbaar was in die analise. Data van ‘n onlangse hidro-sensus in Hermanus (wat deur ander gedoen is voor die aanvang van hierdie studie) is gebruik om die beoogde navorsingsmetodiek eers te toets. Die toetsondersoek het slegs 114 eiendomme behels, en is gebruik om die voorgestelde metodologie meer vaartbelyn te maak voor toepassing op die volskaalse analise van die Stad Kaapstad data. Elke adres is elektronies vasgevang, met die hand geverifiëer, en dan gefilter om slegs die residensiele eiendomme waarvoor grondwater gebruik geregistreer is, te behou. Om die ruimtelike verwysing van die eiendomme verder te kon indentifiseer, moes die adresse omskep word in koördinate om sodoende die erwe te kon posisioneer en die erfgrootte, posisie en die unieke Landmeter Generaal kode van elke erf te verkry. Dit was nodig sodat die adresse aan die munisipale stelsel gekoppel kon word om sodoende die jongste beskikbare waterverbruik rekords te verkry deur gebruik te maak van ‘n kommersiële sagteware pakket wat verbruikers-inligting inkorporeer. Hierna is die werklike jaarlikse waterverbruik syfers vergelyk met onlangs gepubliseerde wateraanvraag riglyne, gebaseer op erfgrootte as enkel verklarende veranderlike. Die geselekteerde woonerwe is toe in voorafgekose kategorië verdeel volgens erfgrootte. Die gemiddelde waterverbruik van al die erwe binne elke grootte-kategorie is bereken en vergelyk met die voorgestelde wateraanvraag volgens die riglyne, gebaseer op die middelpuntwaarde van die grootte strekking van elke kategorie. Die resultate van die vergelykende analise staaf die bevindinge van twee vroeër studies wat laer munisipale watervebruik rapporteer vir residensiële eiendomme met toegang tot grondwater in ‘n somerreënvalgebied. Die resultate wys ook dat die gemiddelde jaarlikse drinkbare water aanvraag van verbruikers in die studiegebied wie toegang het tot grondwater, gemiddeld 31.4% laer is as dit van verbruikers wie beskou word sonder sulke toegang in dieselfde streek. Dit verteenwoordig ‘n gemiddelde vermindering van 333 l/erf/dag (rondom 10 kl/erf/maand) in die aanvraag na drinkbare water van die geselekteerde woonerwe. Hierdie studie bevestig dus dat gedienste residensiële erwe met toegang tot privaat grondwater bronne in die Kaapse Skiereiland laer gemiddelde gemeette waterverbruik vanuit die munisipale toevoerstelsel het.
49
Khwanboonbumpen, S. "Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in stormwater drainage from established residential areas and options for improved management." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0004.html.
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50
Kang, Myoung-Gu 1970. "Quantifying and stratifying the spatial patterns of residential clusters : a socioeconomic and geographic comparisons of metropolitan areas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67539.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-113).
What activities are located where and why? This is a fundamental question in urban studies, which should be answered before planning. In urban economics, fine mathematical models have been developed and have provided an internally consistent economic framework for answering these questions. However, as cities grow and get larger, the spatial structure of cities has changed and become increasingly complicated. The emergence of sub-centers and socioeconomically distinct clusters within the metropolitan areas weaken the assumptions on which the urban economic models are based. Also, there are increasing needs of the people and space interaction models at the micro level, or neighborhood level. This thesis revisits this fundamental issue in a different way. In particular, it investigates the spatial patterns of residents within the metropolitan areas at the census blockgroup level, using Database Management Systems (DBMS) with Structured Query Language (SQL), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and statistical methods including factor analysis and cluster analysis. What socioeconomic factors make one type of neighborhood different from another within the metropolitan areas? This thesis finds four common socioeconomic factors; baseline factor, children factor, income factor, and age factor. Baseline factor shows that the major generic whites are, roughly speaking, more likely to be citizens, to speak only English at home, to drive to work, not to be poor, to own homes, and to live in the lower population density areas. These above variables move synchronously, so we can reduce them into one factor which we have abbreviated as the 'baseline factor'. Using the same factor analysis, we developed the four such socioeconomic factors above. Then, I investigate where they are located? In all four metropolitan areas there are wedges of clustered neighborhoods with similar socioeconomic characteristics around the urban center. Each section contrasts with each other, for example, rich versus poor, or white versus non-white. Younger people formed their own wedges, too. Second, the downtown and subcenters, where the jobs are located, are more likely occupied by non-whites or low income individuals. So, they also appear along the circumferential highway corridor where the subcenters are located. In addition to the common pattern over all metropolitan areas, each metropolitan area also has its own peculiar characteristics. In the Boston Metropolitan Area, the delineation of socioeconomically different neighborhoods coincides with town boundaries. That is, the characteristics of neighborhoods are discrete rather than continuous over the space. In the Chicago Metropolitan Area, the percentage of citizens is another key factor differentiating neighborhoods, and, hence, noncitizens occupy a separate cluster. The unique geography of the San Francisco Metropolitan Area creates two stark types of neighborhoods; affluent neighborhoods at the west of the bay along the ocean, and poor neighborhoods at the east of the bay, especially at the entering points of the bridges to the downtown. In Dallas Metropolitan Areas, the geographic contrast between rich and poor neighborhoods are clearer, i.e., the northern area is wealthier while the southern area is poorer. In this thesis, I find the key socioeconomic factors characterizing the neighborhoods and the spatial pattern of residents. Also, I developed a different methodology to look at this issue. This study gives us a foundation for micro level urban simulation modeling by providing a systematic method of quantifying neighborhood characteristics in ways that can be incorporated into economic models. Furthermore, we can analyze the urban structure of diverse land uses over space and time simultaneously. This can make participatory planning far easier by supplying a clear picture of a city's profile, stimulating communications, and facilitating understanding among residents.
by Myoung-Gu Kang.
M.C.P.