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Journal articles on the topic 'Classification of Residential Areas'
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Naz, Shagufta, Dr Ghulam Ali Mallah, Maqsood Ali Solangi, Jamil Ahmed Chandio, and Muhammad Bux Soomro. "Intelligent System for Classification of Residential Areas in Forest." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i8/20202603.
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Solovieva, Olga, and Yuri Elkin. "NOISE REDUCTION MEASURES DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION SITES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AREAS." VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202139267.
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An article discusses the problem of noise reduction in a residential area located in the immediate vicinity of construction sites. Since construction sites are often located at a short distance from existing residential buildings, it will be ineffective to install only a conventional noise barrier - walls. In this regard, we have developed a classification of shielding noise protection structures for construction sites, the complex application of which will make it possible to achieve standard noise levels in the adjacent residential area. The article presents the efficiency calculation and designs of two screens (perimeter and intra-sectoral) of five indicated in classification types.
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Doan, To-Uyen Thi, Ariyo Kanno, Koichi Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Imai, Takaya Higuchi, and Masahiko Sekine. "A METHOD FOR QUALITATIVELY MAPPING THE FLOOD PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 5 (October 16, 2020): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/5/14670.
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Mapping flood physical vulnerability is spatially limited because it requires input data such as building structures and materials, which are unavailable on large spatial scales. In this study, we propose a new method for qualitatively evaluating the flood vulnerability of residential areas in the context of the exposure and resilience to flood hazard on large spatial scales. This method utilizes the possible correlations between the structural physical vulnerability and residential types obtained from the statistical classifications of multispectral satellite images. Because multispectral classification is well-established as an inexpensive technique for automatically classifying land cover types over wide areas, our method is feasible and efficient for mapping the physical vulnerability of residential areas. As a case study, we present an application of the proposed approach to the Thach Ha district, Ha Tinh province, Vietnam, using the Japanese type 2 Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR-2) images and Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) images captured by the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS).
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Li, Wei, Xicun Zhu, Jingwen Yang, Zhongyu Tian, Xueyuan Bai, Li Sun, and Xiaoying Tang. "Consolidation Potential of Rural Residential Areas Based on the Village Classification." Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 10, no. 03 (2021): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2021.103018.
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Kauko, Tom. "Classification of Residential Areas in the Three Largest Dutch Cities Using Multidimensional Data." Urban Studies 46, no. 8 (June 8, 2009): 1639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009105505.
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Shao, G., H. Luo, X. Tao, Z. Ling, and Y. Huang. "THE STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS EXTRACTION BASED ON GF-3 TEXTURE IMAGE SEGMENTATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1519-2018.
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The study chooses the standard stripe and dual polarization SAR images of GF-3 as the basic data. Residential areas extraction processes and methods based upon GF-3 images texture segmentation are compared and analyzed. GF-3 images processes include radiometric calibration, complex data conversion, multi-look processing, images filtering, and then conducting suitability analysis for different images filtering methods, the filtering result show that the filtering method of Kuan is efficient for extracting residential areas, then, we calculated and analyzed the texture feature vectors using the GLCM (the Gary Level Co-occurrence Matrix), texture feature vectors include the moving window size, step size and angle, the result show that：window size is 11*11, step is 1, and angle is 0°, which is effective and optimal for the residential areas extracting. And with the FNEA (Fractal Net Evolution Approach), we segmented the GLCM texture images, and extracted the residential areas by threshold setting. The result of residential areas extraction verified and assessed by confusion matrix. Overall accuracy is 0.897, kappa is 0.881, and then we extracted the residential areas by SVM classification based on GF-3 images, the overall accuracy is less 0.09 than the accuracy of extraction method based on GF-3 Texture Image Segmentation. We reached the conclusion that，residential areas extraction based on GF-3 SAR texture image multi-scale segmentation is simple and highly accurate. although, it is difficult to obtain multi-spectrum remote sensing image in southern China, in cloudy and rainy weather throughout the year, this paper has certain reference significance.
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Cao, Cong, Suzana Dragićević, and Songnian Li. "Land-Use Change Detection with Convolutional Neural Network Methods." Environments 6, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6020025.
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Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been used increasingly in several land-use classification tasks, but there is a need to further investigate its potential. This study aims to evaluate the performance of CNN methods for land classification and to identify land-use (LU) change. Eight transferred CNN-based models were fully evaluated on remote sensing data for LU scene classification using three pre-trained CNN models AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and VGGNet. The classification accuracy of all the models ranges from 95% to 98% with the best-performed method the transferred CNN model combined with support vector machine (SVM) as feature classifier (CNN-SVM). The transferred CNN-SVM model was then applied to orthophotos of the northeastern Cloverdale as part of the City of Surrey, Canada from 2004 to 2017 to perform LU classification and LU change analysis. Two sources of datasets were used to train the CNN–SVM model to solve a practical issue with the limited data. The obtained results indicated that residential areas were expanding by creating higher density, while green areas and low-density residential areas were decreasing over the years, which accurately indicates the trend of LU change in the community of Cloverdale study area.
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HOYANO, AKIRA, and YOSHINORI KOMATSU. "INFLUENCE OF MIXELS ON LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS USING REMOTE SENSING DATA." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 394 (1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.394.0_1.
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Nurzyński, Jacek. "Acoustical assessment of urban residential environment." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1690.
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The quality of urban residential environment depends on several factors, acoustical conditions are among the most important. Outdoor noise affects conditions inside the building, determines required sound insulation of external walls and the whole building envelope. It defines the comfort level on balconies and terraces, and also the quality of the closest building surroundings. Recent tendencies in spatial planning, related to the sustainable development idea, as rational land use, densification of existing built-up areas, revitalization of city centers etc, have possible far-reaching acoustical consequences. Besides, the environmental management and spatial planning present quite different attitude towards assessment of residential areas in terms of acoustics. The paper examines the problem of noise just from the perspective of spatial planning and building industry. The acoustic classification scheme is proposed for residential areas. It gives clear rules for acoustical planning and appropriate urban development policy. It is also an applicable tool for investors, developes, local authorities, and above all a final user to assess real quality and adequate value of the premises.
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Peretolchina, Lyudmila V., and Lyudmila V. Glebushkina. "Analysis of the current state of multi-storey residential areas in the city of Dushanbe." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 10, no. 3 (2020): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2020-3-460-469.
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The aim is to identify the parameters of inter-highway micro-district areas having a significant impact on the quality of the urban environment. A classification of the inter-highway areas of existing multi-storey building systems in Dushanbe was proposed according to the following urban development indicators: absolute (micro-district area, building area, total area of the housing stock, area of all floors of buildings and structures, population); relative (population density, housing stock density); specific (land-to-building ratio, building development density factor). The classification covering 36 micro-districts of the central area of the Dushanbe agglomeration was developed using the method of hierarchical clustering implemented in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. A dendrogram constructed using the method of intra-group connections showed that the existing development of Dushanbe features both problematic and problem-free inter-highway areas. Prob-lematic inter-highway areas are those micro-districts where the density of population and housing stock are overestimated in comparison with their values specified by the regulatory framework 1958–89 adopted across the entire USSR. Problem-free inter-highway areas are those micro-districts where the urban development indicators meet the regulatory requirements of both previous and mod-ern periods. The proposed classification of inter-highway areas in Dushanbe can be used as a con-ceptual and methodological basis for planning new housing construction in the sites under recon-struction and vacant sites.
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He, Y., and Y. He. "URBAN SHANTY TOWN RECOGNITION BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES AND NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL MONITORING FEATURES – A CASE STUDY OF NANNING CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-517-2018.
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Urban shanty towns are communities that has contiguous old and dilapidated houses with more than 2000 square meters built-up area or more than 50 households. This study makes attempts to extract shanty towns in Nanning City using the product of Census and TripleSat satellite images. With 0.8-meter high-resolution remote sensing images, five texture characteristics (energy, contrast, maximum probability, and inverse difference moment) of shanty towns are trained and analyzed through GLCM. In this study, samples of shanty town are well classified with 98.2 % producer accuracy of unsupervised classification and 73.2 % supervised classification correctness. Low-rise and mid-rise residential blocks in Nanning City are classified into 4 different types by using k-means clustering and nearest neighbour classification respectively. This study initially establish texture feature descriptions of different types of residential areas, especially low-rise and mid-rise buildings, which would help city administrator evaluate residential blocks and reconstruction shanty towns.
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Gyenizse, Péter, András Trócsányi, Gábor Pirisi, Zita Bognár, and Szabolcs Czigány. "A multi-factor model developed on residents’ opinions for the classification of urban residential areas." Geografie 121, no. 1 (2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121010001.
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The process of social differentiation in post-communist states has had a clear impact on the status of neighbourhoods. Municipalities have tried to handle the problem, but planning in Hungary is still based on shallow analyses. This paper presents a method for examining and quantifying prevailing factors of residential areas, also being able of a spatial comparison. It detects problematic issues and locations and assists in the formulation of solutions. The model city for the presented study was Szeged, located in southeastern Hungary. Szeged is the economic center of the region and it was an ideal urban area for the evaluation of housing needs and for the mapping of various objects and social services. A field-collected qualitative database was processed using the Idrisi Selva GIS program, resulting in a classifying map of investigated areas. We have localized the properties of the lowest score and also determined the major issues responsible for low scores by analysing the spatial data of 27 GIS layers. The model can be used to detect the reasons causing differences in the perception of neighbourhoods, while it may serve as a tool for decision makers.
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Chea, Heewon, and Madhuri Sharma. "Residential segregation in hillside areas of Seoul, South Korea: A novel approach of geomorphons classification." Applied Geography 108 (July 2019): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.04.009.
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Sun, Jing Wen, Hong Qi Wang, and Ya Fu Zhang. "Analysis of Land Use Dynamic in Genhe City Based on GIS and RS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2298.
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The paper chooses Genhe, Inner Mongolia as the research area. Based on ArcGIS 9.2 and ENVI 4.8 software, the TM images of 2000、2004 and 2010, the decision tree classification was applied to interpret the images, and the land use data of 2000、2004 and 2010 were obtained. The land use transformation matrix and land use dynamic degree were analyzed further. Results are shown as follows. (1) Decision tree classification can be used in the study area and classification accuracy is high. (2) Land use change underwent a process of obvious change from 2000 to 2010. The areas of forest and residential land underwent substantial increase, while the areas of sparse forest and grassland got a huge decrease.
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Utami, Westi, Abdul Muzil, Deny Andriawan, Maryono Dwi Saputra, and Weni Yolanda Ratnasari. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PALU CITY." Tunas Geografi 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v9i2.20001.
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The earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction that hit Palu in 2018 damaged infrastructure and settlements and resulted in 2,101 fatalities. In this context, understanding the level of vulnerability and disaster mitigation is very important, especially in providing directions for spatial use. This study aimed to map the affected areas, map the suitability of land use against spatial planning, and map settlement development in Palu City. Data analysis was carried out spatially through an overlay of spatial pattern maps with disaster-affected areas to map the disaster-affected areas. Next, an overlay was carried out on the land use with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) to map the suitability of land use. Finally, an overlay of disaster-prone space zones was carried out on spatial patterns to map the classification of settlement zones. The results of the analysis show that in Palu City there are locations that are suitable for settlement and development covering an area of 5233.978 Ha or 13%; an area that can be used but conditional for settlement is 26860.36 Ha or 68%; the area that can be used but with certain conditions is 3106,714 Ha or 8%; while the land area of 4057,112 ha or 10% is a forbidden zone. This study is expected to become a consideration for the community in building settlements as well as a consideration in preparing spatial plans to suit disaster mitigation efforts. This effort is made so that the construction of post-disaster settlements is carried out in disaster-safe areas.
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Daunora, Zigmas Jonas. "CLASSIFICATION OF LITHUANIAN TOWNS AND DEFINITION OF THEIR FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE USED FOR URBAN PLANNING PURPOSES." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697079.
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Comprehensive planning of towns and townships takes a wider scale in the country. Therefore, there appears an urgent need to revise or review some conceptions of planning methodology that should be accepted after various alternatives consideration. According to our opinion: a) classification of centres of a settlement system (towns and townships) requires self-determination and equal understanding which, from one side, should reflect more precisely the existing diversity of development between the centres and their functions and, from the other side, the rank granted to these centres should meet the EU criteria; b) the functional structure of towns and townships, reflected by diversity in the purpose of their territory use and its indefinite character during the process of residential area modernization which takes place under market conditions, forces to give upa detailed setting of plot purpose and look for a more universal model of land- use purpose specification which could be applicable not only for planning of rural agricultural territories but for urban planning of residential areas as well. Proposals presented in the paper (Tables 1 and 2) respect the systematic conception of settlement network, accepted in Lithuania and in the other EU countries and based on the hierarchy of elements and development dependency allowing application of sustainability and balance principles for the system element development. They are prepared taking into account new urban planning conceptions and reflecting the following factors: changing business and production conditions as well as growing qualitative safety, service and ecological requirements for a residential environment; increasing importance of economic factors and resulting need for a more rational land use and broader urban internal integration when developing public transportation and urban system for a common space use; respect to stable urban structural elements of residential areas (urban framework) as well as to local cultural identity and historically formed compositional peculiarities; advantages of the functional and social diversity and polycentric character of urban structures.
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Başaran-Uysal, Arzu, Funda Sezen, Süha Özden, and Öznur Karaca. "Classification of residential areas according to physical vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of Çanakkale, Turkey." Disasters 38, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 202–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12037.
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Goon’ko, S. A. "Кадмій у ґрунтах м. Дніпродзержинськ." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 2, no. 1 (April 24, 2011): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021104.
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Data on cadmium distribution in the soils of industrial, residential and recreational areas of Dniprodzerzhinsk city are presented. According to the classification of urban soils the following types of soils were identified in the city: urban soil proper, plantosoil, anthropogenic-surface-transformed natural soil and lawn soil. We have made the estimation of cadmium content. The problem of soils contamination in the city with high anthropogenic load is discussed. The total cadmium content in the industrial, residential and recreational soils of Dniprodzerzhinsk varies within 0.6–10.5 mg/kg, but movable forms make 0.1–3.4 mg/kg of soil. Cadmium in the urban soil proper of the right-bank city surpasses the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) twice. At the same time the soils in the left-bank area and in the eastern and western areas of the right-bank were under MPC.
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Zheng, Zilai, Takehiro Morimoto, and Yuji Murayama. "A GIS-Based Bivariate Logistic Regression Model for the Site-Suitability Analysis of Parcel-Pickup Lockers: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100648.
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The site-suitability analysis (SSA) of parcel-pickup lockers (PPLs) is becoming a critical problem in last-mile logistics. Most studies have focused on the site-selection problem to identify the best site from given potential sites in specific areas, while few have solved the site-search problem to determine the boundary of the suitable area. A GIS-based bivariate logistic regression (LR) model using the supervised machine-learning (ML) algorithm was developed for suitability classification in this study. Eight crucial factors were selected from 27 candidate variables using stepwise methods with a training dataset in the best LR model. The variable of the proximity to residential buildings was more important than that to various commercial buildings, transport services, and roads. Among the four types of residential buildings, the most crucial factor was the proximity to residential quarters. A test dataset was employed for the validation process, showing that the best LR model had excellent performance. The results identified the suitable areas for PPLs, accounting for 8% of the total area of Guangzhou (GZ). A decision-maker can focus on these suitable areas as the site-selection ranges for PPLs, which significantly reduces the difficulty of analysis and time costs. This method can quickly decompose a large-scale area into several small-scale suitable areas, with relevance to the problem of selecting sites from various candidate sites.
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Zhang, Bin, Yueyan Liu, Zuyu Zhang, and Yonglin Shen. "Land use and land cover classification for rural residential areas in China using soft-probability cascading of multifeatures." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 11, no. 04 (December 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.11.045010.
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Eves, Chris. "The long‐term impact of flooding on residential property values." Property Management 20, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637470210444259.
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Current planning schemes in Australia identify areas that are potentially liable to flooding. This identification of flood‐liable land is based on flood height levels over time. Throughout New South Wales (NSW) this measure of flood affectivity is determined by three classifications. These classifications also influence the development of residential property within these flood areas. Prospective purchasers are advised of this flood zoning, when a full title search is carried out. However, as these properties are often located on the flood plain, but not within sight of the river, flooding can appear visually remote to the uninformed buyer. This study analyses residential house sales in flood‐prone areas and compares price movements of these houses with similar houses in immediate adjoining areas that are not affected by flooding. The analysis covers the period 1984 to 2000, which includes the last major floods in Sydney during 1990. This study period determines what impact a major flood has on residential housing prices and whether this effect is ongoing or decreases, the longer the area is free from flood affectivity.
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Novack, T., and U. Stilla. "DISCRIMINATION OF URBAN SETTLEMENT TYPES BASED ON SPACE-BORNE SAR DATASETS AND A CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELDS MODEL." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W4 (March 11, 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w4-143-2015.
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In this work we focused on the classification of Urban Settlement Types (USTs) based on two datasets from the TerraSAR-X satellite acquired at ascending and descending look directions. These data sets comprise the intensity, amplitude and coherence images from the ascending and descending datasets. In accordance to most official UST maps, the urban blocks of our study site were considered as the elements to be classified. The considered USTs classes in this paper are: Vegetated Areas, Single-Family Houses and Commercial and Residential Buildings. Three different groups of image attributes were utilized, namely: Relative Areas, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and geometrical and contextual attributes extracted from the nodes of a Max-Tree Morphological Profile. These image attributes were submitted to three powerful soft multi-class classification algorithms. In this way, each classifier output a membership value to each of the classes. This membership values were then treated as the potentials of the unary factors of a Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) model. The pairwise factors of the CRFs model were parameterised with a Potts function. The reclassification performed with the CRFs model enabled a slight increase of the classification’s accuracy from 76% to 79% out of 1926 urban blocks.
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Matreninskiy, Sergei, Valeriy Mischenko, and V. Chertov. "Formation of classes of urban environment areas for their renovation." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301014.
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The article considers the classification of both compact built-up development areas of cities and populated localities, and the objects included into the scope of these territories: buildings, urban structures, utilities, etc. At the 1st stage, we suggest to form clusters out of the urban environment areas, and also property items located on the territories considered with the following uniform characteristics used: depreciation, obsolescence, level of technical comfort of territories and objects determined as per the special methodological procedure. At the 2nd stage, we suggest to group the separate construction objects located at the territories considered: residential buildings, utilities, etc. into clusters based on space-planning, engineering, structural and other one-type characteristics. The set of territorial clusters, which are formed based on a number of uniform characteristics, will make it possible to assure sustainable planning of retrofitting and renovation of urban environment areas by using standard organizational and management solutions, construction machines, repair and reconstruction methods for uniform clusters.
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Kitikov, V. O., E. V. Ternov, A. V. Danilenko, N. I. Mukhurov, and S. V. Denisyuk. "New Functional Possibilities of Fire Detectors for Residential and Industrial Rooms." Devices and Methods of Measurements 10, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-341-352.
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The relevance of early detection of fire signs is quite obvious because due to the necessary measures for evacuating of people and material values, disconnecting the electrical equipment and extinguishing the fire at the time of the onset of fire or passive smoldering, human casualties can be completely avoided and economic losses can be minimized.A graphical representation of fire detectors' the classification in the form of a generalized scheme using all the main classification features, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The optimal areas for the use of detectors depending on the fire load are determined. The effectiveness of combined fire detectors' use, equipped in addition to traditional smoke and heat sensors with gas sensors, as an integrated approach to the organization of control over protected objects is shown.The results of development of highly sensitive two-zone sensor with sensitive elements based on iron oxide films for detecting the release of explosive and poisonous gases in the initial stage of decay before the formation of ignition conditions are presented. The use of gas sensors that respond to hazardous gases in the environment significantly reduces the risk of death due to carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Kolchina, Margarita, Vladimir Konovalov, and Natalya Kolchina. "On improving the historic manufacture territories in the mining cities of the Middle Urals." E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017705018.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of spatial organization of the mining cities historical sites located in the Middle Urals with a special focus on the old mining territories. The article overviews the Demidov family contribution in the mining development of the Ural Region; the presented research also suggests a mining cities classification in terms of their age; the given study analyses the land management and construction development of the historic sites and its residential areas, and the condition of the architectural objects which form these sites and areas; the authors of article propose a classification of historical sites. The research singles out the ecological, social and economic problems resulting from the still existing out-dated mining sites. The authors recommend a concept of revitalizing the historic mining territories. The article also determines the trends for further research.
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Ma, Lingfei, He Zhao, and Jonathan Li. "EXAMINING URBAN EXPANSION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT IMAGERY: A CASE STUDY OF THE MONTREAL CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA FROM 1975 TO 2015, CANADA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-965-2016.
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Urban expansion, particularly the movement of residential and commercial land use to sub-urban areas in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. In 1970s, the economic centre of Canada moved from Montreal to Toronto. Since some previous research have been focused on the urbanization process in Greater Toronto Area (GTA), it is significant to conduct research in its counterpart. This study evaluates urban expansion process in Montréal census metropolitan area (CMA), Canada, between 1975 and 2015 using satellite images and socio-economic data. Spatial and temporal dynamic information of urbanization process was quantified using Landsat imagery, supervised classification algorithms and the post-classification change detection technique. Accuracy of the Landsat-derived land use classification map ranged from 80% to 97%. The results indicated that continuous growth of built-up areas in the CMA over the study period resulted in a decrease in the area of cultivated land and vegetation. The results showed that urban areas expanded 442 km<sup>2</sup> both along major river systems and lakeshores, as well as expanded from urban centres to surrounded areas. The analysis revealed that urban expansion has been largely driven by population growth and economic development. Consequently, the urban expansion maps produced in this research can assist decision-makers to promote sustainable urban development, and forecast potential changes in urbanization growth patterns.
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Bespalov, Vadim, Oksana Gurova, Natalya Samarskaya, and Oksana Paramonova. "Classification of air pollution criteria for the improvement of methodical approaches to ensure the environmental safety of major cities." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913501033.
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The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring environmental safety in the territories of large cities, primarily, to reducing atmospheric air pollution. The aim of the work was to build a comprehensive classification scheme of sources of pollutant emissions into the air basin of the territories of large cities, taking into account the climatic and physicalgeographical conditions of the considered urban areas. In the process of research, we solved the problem of identifying the basic principles of classification of air pollution sources based on the analysis of known methodological approaches with the subsequent improvement of calculation methods to justify the spatial distribution of residential areas, industrial areas, motorways, recreational areas, effective sanitary protective zones taking into account aerodynamics to remove polluted air outside the city territory. A generalized classification of sources of pollutant emissions into the environment is proposed, while the sources of air pollution in urban areas are classified according to the following main criteria: by origin, by aerodynamic parameters and by the nature of the direction of the emission plume, by spatial position and possible mobility, in terms of size in plan, in height of the spread of the emission plume, taking into account the height of the mouth of the source of the emission of pollutants above the level of the earth’s surface, in temperature of air-gas mixture, according to the mode of action.
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Shi, Qi, Liu, Niu, and Zhang. "Urban Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Multisource Remote Sensing Images and Social Media Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222719.
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Land use and land cover (LULC) are diverse and complex in urban areas. Remotely sensed images are commonly used for land cover classification but hardly identifies urban land use and functional areas because of the semantic gap (i.e., different definitions of similar or identical buildings). Social media data, “marks” left by people using mobile phones, have great potential to overcome this semantic gap. Multisource remote sensing data are also expected to be useful in distinguishing different LULC types. This study examined the capability of combined multisource remote sensing images and social media data in urban LULC classification. Multisource remote sensing images included a Chinese ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) high-resolution image, a Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) multispectral image, and a Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. Social media data consisted of the hourly spatial distribution of WeChat users, which is a ubiquitous messaging and payment platform in China. LULC was classified into 10 types, namely, vegetation, bare land, road, water, urban village, greenhouses, residential, commercial, industrial, and educational buildings. A method that integrates object-based image analysis, decision trees, and random forests was used for LULC classification. The overall accuracy and kappa value attained by the combination of multisource remote sensing images and WeChat data were 87.55% and 0.84, respectively. They further improved to 91.55% and 0.89, respectively, by integrating the textural and spatial features extracted from the ZY-3 image. The ZY-3 high-resolution image was essential for urban LULC classification because it is necessary for the accurate delineation of land parcels. The addition of Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel-1A SAR, or WeChat data also made an irreplaceable contribution to the classification of different LULC types. The Landsat 8 OLI image helped distinguish between the urban village, residential buildings, commercial buildings, and roads, while the Sentinel-1A SAR data reduced the confusion between commercial buildings, greenhouses, and water. Rendering the spatial and temporal dynamics of population density, the WeChat data improved the classification accuracies of an urban village, greenhouses, and commercial buildings.
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Aslanov, Ilhomjon, Uzbekkhon Mukhtorov, Rahimjon Mahsudov, Umida Makhmudova, Saida Alimova, Lobar Djurayeva, and Oyatillo Ibragimov. "Applying remote sensing techniques to monitor green areas in Tashkent Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125804012.
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Land use and land cover (LULC) change are one of the most important signals of regional environmental monitoring and study. Recently, the pull of capital cities has snowballed, an increasing number of people moving to the cities, especially in developing countries. Consequently, as more people arrive at cities, the more pressure will be on land. Land price getting high and constructions try using open green areas. A wide variety of green areas of different sizes will be solve many urban diseases and ecological problems at the same time improve the quality and life of urban residents, as urban green area provides various ecosystem services. The green area includes parks, woodlands, nature reserves and bare lands. With the population increase and expansion of cities, an increasing amount of open area, woodland and bare land has been converted into construction land, buildings due to the increasing demands and residential land. For the accuracy assessment, we applied an automatically supervised classification using the software QGIS 3.18. The reference values were based on ground truth data and visual interpretation.
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Ma, Lingfei, He Zhao, and Jonathan Li. "EXAMINING URBAN EXPANSION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT IMAGERY: A CASE STUDY OF THE MONTREAL CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA FROM 1975 TO 2015, CANADA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-965-2016.
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Urban expansion, particularly the movement of residential and commercial land use to sub-urban areas in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. In 1970s, the economic centre of Canada moved from Montreal to Toronto. Since some previous research have been focused on the urbanization process in Greater Toronto Area (GTA), it is significant to conduct research in its counterpart. This study evaluates urban expansion process in Montréal census metropolitan area (CMA), Canada, between 1975 and 2015 using satellite images and socio-economic data. Spatial and temporal dynamic information of urbanization process was quantified using Landsat imagery, supervised classification algorithms and the post-classification change detection technique. Accuracy of the Landsat-derived land use classification map ranged from 80% to 97%. The results indicated that continuous growth of built-up areas in the CMA over the study period resulted in a decrease in the area of cultivated land and vegetation. The results showed that urban areas expanded 442 km<sup>2</sup> both along major river systems and lakeshores, as well as expanded from urban centres to surrounded areas. The analysis revealed that urban expansion has been largely driven by population growth and economic development. Consequently, the urban expansion maps produced in this research can assist decision-makers to promote sustainable urban development, and forecast potential changes in urbanization growth patterns.
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이동민 and 김정곤. "A Study on interaction design direction by characteristic classification of Active senior behavior -Focused on product system within residential areas-." Journal of Korea Design Knowledge ll, no. 33 (March 2015): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17246/jkdk.2015..33.036.
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Villar-Navascués, Rubén, Alfredo Pérez-Morales, and Salvador Gil-Guirado. "Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Potential from Roof Catchments through Clustering Analysis." Water 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092623.
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Rainwater harvesting from rooftop catchments represents a climate change adaptation measure that is especially significant in areas affected by water scarcity. This article develops a Geographic Information Systems-based methodology to evaluate the spatial distribution of rainwater catchment potential to identify the most favorable urban areas for the installation of these infrastructures. Since performance and water saving potential of rainwater harvesting systems greatly depends on population density and roof size, this assessment was performed for each residential plot on a per capita basis, based on cadastral data and a method of demographic disaggregation. Furthermore, to evaluate spatial variation of runoff coefficient per building, a supervised classification was carried out to consider the influence of roof types on the rainwater catchment potential. After calculating rainwater catchment potential per capita for each residential plot, the spatial clustering of high (hot spots) and low values (cold spots) was assessed through the Getis-Ord General G statistic. Results indicate a spatial pattern of high rainwater catchment potential values in low-density urban areas, where rainwater catchment systems are expected to offer a better performance and a shorter amortization period. These results may be useful for the enactment of local legislation that regulates the obligation to install these infrastructures or offers subsidies for their implementation.
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Park, Keunhyun, Reid Ewing, Brenda Case Scheer, and Shabnam Sifat Ara Khan. "Travel Behavior in TODs vs. Non-TODs: Using Cluster Analysis and Propensity Score Matching." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 6 (May 11, 2018): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774159.
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As a compact, mixed-use, and walkable district near a high-quality transit station, transit-oriented development (TOD) has arisen as a sustainable form of urbanism to minimize automobile dependency and maximize ridership. Existing travel behavior studies in the context of TOD, however, are limited in terms of small sample size, lack of consistency in TOD classification, and failure to control for residential self-selection. This study examines various travel outcomes—vehicle miles traveled (VMT), auto trips, transit trips, and walk trips—in different types of station areas in eight U.S. metropolitan areas using cluster analysis and propensity score matching. Using cluster analysis with three built environment factors—activity density, land use diversity, and street network design (i.e., D variables)—this study classifies existing 549 station areas as TOD, transit-adjacent development (TAD), and Hybrid types. After controlling for residential self-selection, the result shows that a TOD motivates its residents to walk more and take transit more while driving less. The significant difference between TOD and TAD in both VMT and the number of automobile trips means that TOD makes the personal vehicle trips shorter (39% reduction) and fewer (35% reduction). Travel behaviors in the Hybrid type are also examined for the potential outcomes of gradual and practical changes.
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Pradani, Desita Putri, Murtanti Jani Rahayu, and Rufia Andisetyana Putri. "KLASIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK DAMPAK INDUSTRI PADA KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN TERDAMPAK INDUSTRI DI CEMANI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO." Arsitektura 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.12166.
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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em>.</em><em>Cemani Village/kelurahan Cemani is one of regions in Kecamatan Sukoharjo, which is one of the industrial area. as listed in Sukoharjo Regional Spatial Plan year 2014, Cemani village located around the huge industrial company such as Batik Keris compan,Dan Liris company, Konimex company, and Sobisco company. The problem in this research is how is the classification characteristics of industrial area and how it affected residential areas of Sukoharjo Cemani? The purpose of this study was to determine the classification of the characteristics of industrial impacts on residential areas that affected by industrial areea at Cemani Sukoharjo. The method used is the deductive research methods with quantitative research. Technique of analysis that used is descriptive analysis. This research conclusion is the impacts of the major industries in Sukoharjo Cemani settlement are: the emergence of the settlement of labor / industrial workers, the emergence of slum area, water pollution and flood the area. Cassification of this bad impacts of the industrial area to the physical environment can be perceived by people’s settlement in 0-500 m> 500m - 1kilometer, and> 1 kilometer from the industrial area. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Industrial Impact</em><em>, </em><em>Industrial Impact Classification, Industrial Settlement Areas</em><em></em></p>
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Gajic, Ranka. "Urban morphology as a tool for exploring the land use in residential areas: Example of New Belgrade." Spatium, no. 33 (2015): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1533076g.
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The paper presents findings of research about the classification of New Belgrade?s super-blocks using the typomorphology approach and the morphogenetic analysis of urban morphology in relation to land use. The example of New Belgrade is particularly interesting given the fact that the morphological patterns of land use within its superblocks were created during the period of non-market economy in Socialism, and now it is possible to review the effect that the socio-political transition into Capitalism, which started in the 1990s, has had on its land use. As a result, a data base with the typology of residential super-blocks of New Belgrade is created: from the perspective of urban land use there are four main morphological types (with the subtypes) taking into account the morphology of the position of the buildings on the terrain, and traffic (cars-pedestrian) flows. The morphogenetic analysis reveals that after the 1990s there are processes pointing to powerful influence of land policy driven by private interests. Research findings suggest that nowadays there are negative trends of using the land in super-blocks in New Belgrade - e.g. percentage of land occupancy by buildings is getting bigger and almost 100% of the un-built soil in the newly developed super-blocks is covered /paved.
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Yoon, Yoonchae, and Jina Park. "Stage Classification and Characteristics Analysis of Commercial Gentrification in Seoul." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072440.
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Recently, local shops and small houses in Seoul have been converted to cafes, western style restaurants, and large chain stores. These changes, recognized as commercial gentrification in residential areas, are now a big issue in Korean society. This phenomenon has some positive effects, such as the emergence of new consumption spaces and improved neighborhood images. However, this study concentrated on changes in regional characteristics, landscape, and industry homogenization. This study demonstrates the presence of a cyclical environmental change process commonly identified in areas of gentrification and identifies characteristics of individual stages of the gentrification process. The results indicate that medium-scale local stores in Stage 1 changed to small-scale food and beverage businesses in Stage 2. Then, in Stage 3, they changed to large-scale clothing retailers. In particular, the process of change from Stage 2 to Stage 3 revealed that, as the diversity of business types decreases, their uses change and the proportion of chain stores increases. In other words, although Stage 2 has the highest level of mixed use and density, indicating the greatest level of vitality, commercial gentrification to Stage 3 results in decreases in use, the number of aged buildings, and density. Thus, Stage 3 can be identified as the stage in which streets lose their vitality, as suggested by Jacobs. To maintain street vitality, it is suggested that commercial district management occurs during the transformation from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of commercial gentrification.
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Karabyn, V. V. "FACTORS OF SUBSIDENCE AND FLOODING OF THE COAL MINING AREAS OF THE CHERVONOGRAD INDUSTRIAL MINING REGION." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2018.3.32-36.
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The essence of subsidence and flooding of the territories was examined. Using the route observation method, the phenomenon of subsidence and flooding within the Chervonohrad industrial mining region of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin was evaluated. The obtained results were compared with the data of geodetic monitoring and aerial photographs decoding. The intensity of subsidence and flooding of the surface was compared with the natural and technogenic factors. The classification of factors of subsidence and flooding of the coal mining area within the Chervonohrad industrial mining region of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin was carried out. Geological, climatic, and landscape factors were distinguished and grouped together as natural factors, while mining and residential factors were combined into a technogenic group. The selection of each factor is justified by the results of field and experimental explorations within the area of research. Relationships between factors of subsidence and flooding were established.
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Warth, Gebhard, Andreas Braun, Oliver Assmann, Kevin Fleckenstein, and Volker Hochschild. "Prediction of Socio-Economic Indicators for Urban Planning Using VHR Satellite Imagery and Spatial Analysis." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111730.
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Ongoing urbanization leads to steady growth of urban areas. In the case of highly dynamic change of municipalities, due to the rates of change, responsible administrations often are challenged or struggle with capturing present states of urban sites or accurately planning future urban development. An interest for urban planning lies on socio-economic conditions, as consumption and production of disposable goods are related to economic possibilities. Therefore, we developed an approach to generate relevant parameters for infrastructure planning by means of remote sensing and spatial analysis. In this study, the single building defines the spatial unit for the parameters. In the case city Belmopan (Belize), based on WorldView-1 data we manually define a city covering building dataset. Residential buildings are classified to eight building types which are locally adapted to Belmopan. A random forest (RF) classifier is trained with locally collected training data. Through household interviews focusing on household assets, income and educational level, a socio-economic point (SEP) scaling is defined, which correlates very well with the defined building typology. In order to assign socio-economic parameters to the single building, five socio-economic classes (SEC) are established based on SEP statistics for the building types. The RF building type classification resulted in high accuracies. Focusing on the three categories to describe residential socio-economic states allowed high correlations between the defined building and socio-economic points. Based on the SEP we projected a citywide residential socio-economic building classification to support supply and disposal infrastructure planning.
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Huang, Zuyu, and Zehan Pan. "Improving migrants’ access to the public health insurance system in China: A conceptual classification framework." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 26, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196817705779.
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Although the Chinese government has established a public health insurance system covering both rural and urban areas, the rural–urban migrants seem to have been neglected. To have a clear sense of the current status of migrants in the public health insurance system and to find ways to increase their enrollment to medical insurance, this paper attempts to construct a conceptual classification framework of China’s health insurance system. This was done by reviewing the development of China’s health insurance system and identifying barriers to entry for migrants. The finding suggests that migrants’ limited access to health insurance owes more to their reluctance than to system exclusions. The job and residential stability of migrants are critical factors to building the classification framework to account for supply and demand factors in the formulation of China’s health insurance policy.
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Xu, Bin, Yong Yao, Yong Jun Deng, Yue Chen, and Dai Guo Chen. "The Seismic Behavior Analysis of the Light-Duty Steel Structure Residence System." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.656.
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The light-duty steel structure residential demonstration project is analyzed by mode-superposition response spectrum method, the elastic and elastic-plastic time-history analysis, push-over analysis, which used the finite element software ETABS and PKPM. The safety is assessed. The seismic behavior of this structural system is analyzed under different site classification, design characteristic and seismic intensity, and is compared with the ordinary steel structure, concrete structure, masonry structure. The results show that, this structural system can meet the current codes under frequent and rare earthquake action. But the column has a surplus stable stress values. And it is suitable for application in large areas in China. In high intensity areas and compared with the different structure system, it shows that the lateral has the main effect on this structure.
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Anugraha, A. S., and H. J. Chu. "LAND USE CLASSIFICATION FROM COMBINED USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND SOCIAL SENSING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-33-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Large amounts of data can be sensed and analyzed to discover patterns of human behavior in cities for the benefit of urban authorities and citizens, especially in the areas of traffic forecasting, urban planning, and social science. In New York, USA, social sensing, remote sensing, and urban land use information support the discovery of patterns of human behavior. This research uses two types of openly accessible data, namely, social sensing data and remote sensing data. Bike and taxi data are examples of social sensing data, whereas sentinel remote sensed imagery is an example of remote sensing data. This research aims to sense and analyze the patterns of human behavior and to classify land use from the combination of remote sensing data and social sensing data. A decision tree is used for land use classification. Bike and taxi density maps are generated to show the locations of people around the city during the two peak times. On the basis of a geographic information system, the maps also reflect the residential and office areas in the city. The overall accuracy of land use classification after the consideration of social sensing data is 85.3%. The accuracy assessment shows that the combination of remote sensing data and social sensing data facilitates accurate urban land use classification.</p>
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Xie, Xue Feng, Cui Xiao, Guo Jun Jiang, Tao Wu, and Wei Xu. "Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Analysis of Hemeroby of Ximen Island in Yueqing Bay." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2577.
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This paper use 2007 and 2010 SPOT-5 images as a data source, combined with RS and GIS technology, introduced the concept of hemeroby, developed a suitable landscape classification system in Ximen Island, systematically evaluated the dynamic changes of hemeroby of Ximen Island marine Protected Areas. The results indicated that from 2007 to 2010, the ecological environment of Ximen Island has gradually improved. Completely disturbed landscape type decreased sharply in total area, while undisturbed types were increased a lot. From the perspective of total characteristics of the spatial distribution of hemeroby index, the residential , traffic land and landscape surrounding anthropogenic interference with the highest index.
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Gordienko, O. A. "Determination of soil and ground sealing in functional zones of Volgograd based on remote sensing data." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 107 (July 12, 2021): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-116-138.
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The paper presents the results of interpretation of sealed soils and ground for the territory of Volgograd and its various functional zones. Determination of the sealed portion was performed by means of automated method using ENVI 4.7 software by means of QuickBird space image classification using the “maximum likelihood” method. The study objects were the territories of all districts of Volgograd, as well as residential and recreational functional zones. It was found that the sealed surfaces occupy about 169.4 km2 (20.5% of the total area of the city). However, the city districts and functional zones differ significantly in proportion of sealed areas. The most sealed surfaces were those of Tractorozavodsky (24.2%), Voroshilovsky (33.0%), Dzerzhinsky (37.4%), Centralny (45.2%), Krasnooktyabrsky (39.4%) and Krasnoarmeisky (26.6%) districts of Volgograd. Soil cover of the Sovetsky (13.5%) and Kirovsky (12.9%) districts is least sealed. Sealing of functional zones also varies widely. Thus, the highest values of sealing (up to 63%) characterize the multi-, low- and medium-rise constructions zones. A wide range of values (from 26 to 51%) corresponds to the areas of individual residential development, as well as collective gardens and dachas (from 9.6 to 39.5%). In the recreational zone average sealing is at 27.6% level. Thus, the identified share of sealed surfaces on the territory of Volgograd and its functional zones will allow solving effectively the problems of territorial planning in the further implementation of works on gardening and landscaping of urban areas.
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Zhang, Mingyu, Yichen Ruan, Ge Lou, Qiuxiao Chen, and Jiayi Wu. "Measurement of Polycentric County-Level Areas in a Rapid Urbanization Region from a Public Service Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 8285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198285.
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Despite various studies regarding polycentric development at metropolis or even larger spatial scales, there is little systematic analysis regarding the rapid urbanization area at the county-level scale. Therefore, this study explored polycentric development in 52 county-level administrative units in Zhejiang Province, China, from a public service perspective. Based on point-of-interest data, our analysis detected the intra-county urban centers and measured their polycentric characteristics. According to the number, scale, and equilibrium value of intra-county polycentricity, the 52 county-level units were classified into three types using a two-step cluster algorithm method. The empirical results suggest that polycentric characteristics vary in the rapid urbanization area, and the spatial distribution of typological units is characterized by agglomeration. Topographical condition, fixed assets investment, public transportation, and residential consumption ability are highly associated with the classification of polycentric urban areas. The conclusion of this study would help local governments initiate better urban development policies and provide potential research directions for further studies about the relationship of inter-county urban centers.
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Komul, Ian, and Merlin Renny Sitanala. "PERUBAHAN LUAS TUTUPAN LAHAN PADA AREAL HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SIRIMAU KOTA AMBON." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2021.5.1.68.
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The purpose of this research was to determine changes in forest cover of Mount Sirimau Protected Forest in Ambon City which have been analyzed since 1990, 2000, 2006, 2011 and 2015. This research was conducted using analytical methods where satellite imagery of 5 different years in 1990, 2000 and 2006 recording years, 2011 and 2015 were interpreted digitally through supervised classification. After the interpretation, the mapping was carried out using ArGIS to analyze changes in forest cover. It is supported by the data from the Forest Monitoring Center of Ambon Area IX that had been obtained using ArGIS into primary data. The data were analyzed by using the digital analysis method or the maximum opportunity method. The results showed changes in land cover in 2000, 2006 and 2011 from areas of forest become agricultural land and in 2015 the area of agricultural land was changed into settlements areas. The augmentation of non-forest areas (Settlements) along the Toisapu hamlet and Soya villages up to 2015 for residential areas has reached 16,997 Ha with an average annual increase of 70.59 km2.
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Woo, Jung Hyun. "Classification of TOD Typologies Based on Pedestrian Behavior for Sustainable and Active Urban Growth in Seoul." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063047.
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Transit-oriented development (TOD) pursues sustainable urban development through compact growth, mixed-use zoning, and pedestrian-friendly neighborhood design in cooperation with transportation planning. Seoul has actively developed urban rail transit since the 1970s based on a TOD concept, and each station’s areas have differently evolved throughout the history of urbanization in Seoul. In response to investigating the complications of current TOD, this paper evaluates TOD characteristics through accessibility and clustering analysis methods and categorizes TOD types using the targeted 246 subway station areas at the neighborhood level. As a result, subway TODs are grouped into the four distinct categories of (1) high-density: a form of mainly mixed-use with residential and retail development and good accessibility; (2) moderate-density: average accessibility and high-mixed use; (3) compact business district setting: highly accessible to offices and retail; and (4) compact housing: high-rise apartments with schools and retail. The results also find that Cluster 2 is the most common TOD type and redevelopment possibility in Seoul, with relatively lower ranks in the building floor area (GFA) and diversity in comparison to other TOD contexts. Cluster 3 has the most significant transit demand, generating an active transit environment in Seoul. Different urban development periods impact the characteristics of TOD types.
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Serdiuk, A. M., V. M. Makhniuk, I. O. Chernychenko, O. M. Lytvychenko, S. M. Mohylnyi, S. I. Harkavyi, V. I. Nazarenko, and V. E. Laptev. "STATE REGULATION OF THE SIZES OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES WHEN PLACING MODERN CAR FILLING STATIONS IN RESIDENTIAL TERRITORIES." Hygiene of populated places 2020, no. 70 (December 22, 2020): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2020.70.022.
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The work is devoted to the study of hygienic aspects of automobile filling station location in rural areas in modern conditions in order to minimize the negative impact of AFS on health and living conditions of the population. A theoretical generalization of the world experience of gas station design and operation was made. New data on the current ecological and hygienic state of design (location) of modern gas stations in Ukraine and their impact on the environment, health and living conditions of the population. Based on the materials of the work, the hygienic criteria for placing gas stations and their classification have been improved. Classification conditions for the definition of sanitary protection zones for gas stations of different capacity have been developed, which allowed to improve the legal and information-methodological base on hygiene planning and development of settlements in the design of gas stations of different types and capacities and develop a new SPZ standard for gas stations and filling stations. On the basis of the conducted researches the differentiated approach is offered and the procedure of the decision of questions concerning placement of gas stations in the territory of settlements is developed.
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Cai, Guoyin, Huiqun Ren, Liuzhong Yang, Ning Zhang, Mingyi Du, and Changshan Wu. "Detailed Urban Land Use Land Cover Classification at the Metropolitan Scale Using a Three-Layer Classification Scheme." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143120.
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Urban Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) information is essential for urban and environmental management. It is, however, very difficult to automatically extract detailed urban LULC information from remote sensing imagery, especially for a large urban area. Medium resolution imagery, such as Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, cannot uncover detailed LULC information. Further, very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, such as IKONOS and QuickBird data, can only be applied to a small area, largely due to the data unavailability and high computation cost. As a result, little research has been conducted to extract detailed urban LULC information for a large urban area. This study, therefore, developed a three-layer classification scheme for deriving detailedurban LULC information by integrating newly launched Chinese GF-1 (medium resolution) and GF-2 (very high resolution) satellite imagery and synthetically incorporating geometry, texture, and spectral information through multi-resolution image segmentation and object-based image classification (OBIA). Homogeneous urban LULC types such as water bodies or large areas of vegetation could be derived from GF-1 imagery with 16 m and 8 m spatial resolutions, while heterogeneous urban LULC types such as industrial buildings, residential buildings, and roads could be extracted from GF-2 imagery with 3.2 m and 0.8 m spatial resolutions. The multi-resolution segmentation method and a random forest algorithm were employed to perform image segmentation and object-based image classification, respectively. An analysis of the results suggests an overall accuracy of 0.89 and 0.87 were achieved for the second and third level urban LULC classification maps, respectively. Therefore, the three-layer classification scheme has the potential to derive high accuracy urban LULC information through integrating medium and high-resolution remote sensing imagery.
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Qerimi, Drita, Cvete Dimitrieska, Sanja Vasilevska, and Arlinda Alimehaj Rrecaj. "Modeling of the Solar Thermal Energy Use in Urban Areas." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091553.
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Most of the generated electricity in Kosovo is produced from fossil fuel, a part of the energy comes from the import, while participation of renewable resources is symbolic, and a bias between the grid extension and the load of power generated sometimes results in shortage of electricity and thus frequent power cuts. The use of renewable energy and particularly the solar thermal energy represents one of the most promising alternative strategies. In Kosovo, the global horizontal radiation ranges from 1241 kWh/m2 per year in Shterpce to 1461 kWh/m2 per year in Gjakova, while the average for Kosovo can be estimated at 1351 kWh/m2 per year. The average sun duration for the city of Pristine is 5.44 h, while the average horizontal irradiation is 3.79 kWh/m² per day. Participation of energy consumption in household is still dominant - about 41.4% of the total consumption in Kosovo, 15% of this energy is used for domestic hot water. This energy demand can be lowered significantly by using improved building construction techniques and utilization of RES-s, especially solar thermal. The first step is to map the city in different areas to locate suitable locations for the installation of solar collectors serving sanitary hot water. The demand for sanitary hot water varies from object to object, this variation depends on whether the building is individual or collective, school institutions or religious buildings, for this reason the classification of buildings was done according to the request for sanitary hot water. After that the demand for sanitary hot water is calculated for several different institutions: Residential houses, Dormitories and Hospitals. For all of the above-mentioned cases the data for: solar fraction, solar contribution, CO2 avoided, collector temperature, financial analysis etc. are gained using the TSOL 2018 software. To evaluate the active energy for a time period, the daily, monthly and annual performance for three systems which are located in University Clinical Center of Pristine, Kosovo have been analyzed. In addition the results of the mathematical model, simulation and measured solar energy contribution for solar station in Infective disease clinic have been compared. In this paper, a proposal for replacing the conventional water heaters with the domestic solar water heaters (DSWH) is made. A case study for 38289 Residential households in Pristine has been selected. The initial cost of the solar water heater for the city is 60113730 €. The system saves 7274910 € annually and reduced C𝑂2 emission by 22973400 kg. The results from the paper show that the DSWH is economically feasible in Pristine and can result in fuel saving and CO2 emission reduction.
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Safitri, Hendri Cahyo Dwi, and Bambang Eko Afiatno. "Determinant of Unemployment Duration with Survival Analysis." Gorontalo Development Review 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/golder.v3i1.848.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze the duration of unemployment in Gorontalo Province. The data used in the form of secondary data came from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) in August 2018. The data source was obtained from the Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The total observation units used in this study were 707 individuals consisting of 122 censored data and 585 uncensored data. The technical analysis used in this study is survival analysis. The results showed that on average, the duration of unemployment in Gorontalo Province was 3.8 months. From the results of testing the variables that are significant to the duration of unemployment in Gorontalo Province, namely: sex, education level, and classification of residential areas.