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Kapitány, Ágnes, and Gábor Kapitány. "The semiotic dimensions of vertical social (self)classification." Semiotica 2015, no. 205 (2015): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0012.
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AbstractThrough the empirical analysis of a concrete phenomenon (the traveler’s encounter with another culture), the authors attempt to describe what criteria people apply in everyday life to determine the place of a particular culture (their own culture and the foreign culture) within a (subjective) hierarchy. They distinguish nine dimensions of classification: according to their hypothesis travelers used a combination of these criteria to create their subjective notion of the hierarchy of different cultures. The authors find that we also use these same criteria for the formation of a vertical hierarchy in other areas of (socio)semiosis (for example, in forming the hierarchy of foods, or of social groups that distinguish themselves from each other on the basis of differences in linguistic usage). The authors assume that the analytical dimensions proposed can be applied uniformly in all cases when sociosemiotics wishes to describe the sign system of social hierarchies, vertical classifications, and self-classifications.
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Kittler, Markus G., David Rygl, and Alex Mackinnon. "Special Review Article: Beyond culture or beyond control? Reviewing the use of Hall’s high-/low-context concept." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 11, no. 1 (2011): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595811398797.
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This paper reviews Edward T. Hall’s influential concept of high-/low-context communication and its use in cross-cultural research. Hall’s concept suggests that individuals combine preprogrammed culture specific context and information to create meaning. The use of context is argued to vary across cultures and country classifications have been attached to Hall’s concept. These country rankings have evolved over time classifying (national) cultures as ‘high-context’ (HC) and ‘low-context’ (LC). Since future studies employing Hall’s context idea as an underlying framework in cross-cultural research need to rely on a valid and reliable country classification, our study analyses literature related to Hall’s HC/LC concept. Based on a systematic review, we particularly question whether the country classification attached to Hall’s concept is built on rigorous and substantiated findings. Our study shows that most previous research that utilized HC/LC country classifications is based on seemingly less-than-adequate evidence. Mixed and often contradictory findings reveal inconsistencies in the conventional country classifications and show that they are flawed or, at best, very limited.
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Зацман, И. М. "SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM OF INFORMATICS AS A THIRD CULTURE." Научно-техническая информация. Серия 1: Организация и методика информационной работы, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0548-0019-2023-11-1.
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Дано описание первых результатов создания научной парадигмы информатики, объединяющей широкий спектр информационных и компьютерных наук. Предметная область информатики рассматривается в рамках концепции полиадического компьютинга Пола Розенблума. Основная цель работы - построение фрагментов верхних уровней двух классификаций сущностей предметной области информатики как третьей культуры (наряду с естественными и социально-гуманитарными науками, которые Ч. Сноу назвал двумя культурами). При этом используется ряд уже известных оснований для построения трех уровней классификации объектов предметной области (первая классификация) и двух уровней классификации трансформаций этих объектов (вторая классификация). Обе классификации планируется использовать для создания научной парадигмы информатики как третьей культуры. Предлагаемые фрагменты классификаций позиционируются как начальная стадия процесса формирования всей парадигмы. Рассматриваются контекст и предпосылки создания предлагаемой парадигмы и то, чем первые результаты ее формирования могут быть полезны уже сегодня. A description of the first outcomes of creating a scientific paradigm of informatics, consolidating a wide range of information and computer sciences, is given. The subject domain of informatics is considered within the framework of the concept of polyadic computing by Paul Rosenbloom. The main goal of the work is to construct fragments of the upper levels of two classifications of entities in the subject domain of informatics as a third culture (along with Science and Humanities, which Charles Snow called two cultures). A number of already known bases are used to construct three levels of classification of objects in the subject domain (first classification) and two levels of classification of transformations of these objects (second classification). Both classifications are planned to be used to create a scientific paradigm of informatics as the third culture. The proposed fragments of classifications are positioned as the initial stage of the process of forming the entire paradigm. The context and prerequisites for the creation of the proposed paradigm and how the first outcomes of its formation can be useful today are considered.
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Sanfilippo-Schulz, Jessica. "Escaping National Tags and Embracing Diversity: Third Culture Kid Songwriters." Open Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (2018): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2018-0003.
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Abstract Nowadays, more and more writers cannot be classified according to one single nation. Whereas in Imagined Communities Anderson describes the development of nations and national belongings, in Third Culture Kid (TCK) discourse a central theme is the concept of not belonging to one specific nation or culture (“NatioNILism”). TCKs are individuals who were raised moving from one country to the next due to their parents’ career choices. Not having had a fixed home while growing up, rather than accepting classifications according to nations and cultures, many TCKs prefer to embrace diversity. Antje Rauwerda argues that the fiction of adult TCKs comprises typical features that reflect the consequences of a displaced international childhood and accordingly coins the new literary classification Third Culture Literature. Whereas Rauwerda exclusively analyses novels written by TCKs, this article examines whether the effects of hypermobile international childhoods can be detected in the works of TCK songwriters. By analysing not only the song lyrics of contemporary musicians such as Haikaa, Sinkane and Tanita Tikaram but also the artists’ views regarding issues such as belonging, identity and transience, it will be shown that in the scholarly realm the TCK lens can be expanded to song texts too.
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Sulimma, Maren. "Relations between epistemological beliefs and culture classifications." Multicultural Education & Technology Journal 3, no. 1 (2009): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17504970910951165.
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Prince, Raymond, and Fran�oise Tcheng-Laroche. "Culture-bound syndromes and international disease classifications." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (1987): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00055003.
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Janicijevic, Nebojsa. "The influence of organizational culture on organizational preferences towards the choice of organizational change strategy." Ekonomski anali 57, no. 193 (2012): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1293025j.
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Organizational culture, through its assumptions, values, norms and symbols, determines the way in which the members of an organization perceive and interpret the reality within and around their organization, as well as the way they behave in that reality. For this reason we may assume that organizational culture has an impact on the way in which an organization changes, and that matching of organizational culture and change strategy will improve the efficiency of the change process. In this paper specific hypotheses about the causal relationship between certain types of organizational culture and certain change strategies are formulated. Types of organizational culture are differentiated according to Handy?s and Trompenaars? classifications. Organizational change strategies have been differentiated according to previous work of Chin & Benne but one more strategy has been added. Classifications of both the organizational cultures and of the organizational change strategies are based on the same criteria of differentiation: distribution of power in an organization and orientation toward relationships or tasks. For this reason it is possible to formulate hypotheses about the causal relationship between certain types of organizational cultures and certain types of organizational change strategies. Thus, eight hypotheses are formulated in this paper, relating particular change strategies with particular types of organizational culture.
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Andrian, Bob. "BUDAYA KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN." Syi’ar : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, Penyuluhan dan Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam 3, no. 1 (2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37567/syiar.v3i1.228.
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Many experts believe that in the sociological paradigm an order of community life is dynamic in nature, in accordance with the factors that shape the social construction of the community itself. These factors include those contained in the social order itself, ethnicity, race, religion, culture, type of work, level of education, social status, and other elements. These elements will be an important factor in shaping cultures in society. Included in it is the mainstay culture between elements of society, which is then known as the culture of communication. In terms of general aspects, the classification of society is very diverse. Some are known as peripheral communities, border communities, industrial societies, laborers, even including the academic community. However, in terms of geography or demography, there are two classifications of society, namely rural communities and urban communities. Where in between, inspiration certainly has differences and characteristics of each, especially in the cultural aspects, namely the culture of communication.
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Littlewood, Roland. "Nosologie et classifications psychiatriques selon les cultures : les « syndromes liés à la culture »." L'Autre 2, no. 3 (2001): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lautr.006.0441.
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Gamayanto, Indra, Henry Christian, Sasono Wibowo, and Titien S. Sukamto. "Culture Intelligence [CI3] Framework: How To Develop Positive Culture Inside Social Media." Indonesian Journal of Information Systems 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/ijis.v1i1.1593.
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Social media is one of the most important technologies at this moment. With the presence of social media, a significant change in communication occurs. Changes that arise can have two effects: positive and negative effects. Moreover, problems arise when social media is used unwise and to do negative tendencies. It creates a non-conducive environment. Therefore, a positive culture in social media must be developed and created. In developing a positive culture on social media, there are many challenges, such as different cultures in each country and even habits that have a high level of complexity, but it can be overcome by providing solutions on creating a positive culture on social media. This journal is a development of the journal: Development and Implementation of Wise Netizen (E-Comment) in Indonesia. Data collection method is by conducting surveys and interviews. The method used is Johari Window. This method produces four classifications of netizen: open netizen; blind netizen; hidden netizen and unknown netizen, where this classification can be used to find out what types of netizen are on social media. Furthermore, the results of this journal are a framework for creating a positive culture and developing netizen positively on social media called Culture Intelligence (CI3).
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Domingues, Ravi Shankar Magno Viana, and Caroline Traube. "Exploring the Influence of Sound Culture on Oboe Timbre: A Pilot Experimental Study at the University of Montreal." Percepta - Revista de Cognição Musical 12, no. 1 (2024): 132–48. https://doi.org/10.34018/2318-891x.12(1)132-148.
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This study examines the influence of sound culture on the semantic classification of oboe timbre, comparing Brazilian and Québécois musicians. The research investigates how physical reed characteristics and cultural contexts shape timbral perceptions. An online perceptual test was conducted using seven oboe recordings, evaluated through the Verbal Attribute Magnitude Estimation (VAME) method. Participants rated the timbre along six semantic scales: strident, bright, clear, muffled, round, and dark. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between Brazilian and Québécois classifications, except for the adjective "dull" The findings indicate overall similarities in timbral descriptions across cultures, though certain stimuli exhibited notable perceptual differences. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended.
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Beiser, Morton. "Commentary on ?culture-bound syndromes and international disease classifications?" Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (1987): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00055005.
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Variawa, S., J. Buitendag, N. Jassiem, and G. Oosthuizen. "The spectrum, management and outcome of cellulitis in subtropical South Africa." South African Journal of Surgery 60, no. 3 (2022): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-5151/sajs3281.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to ascertain the microbiology, severity stratification, and clinical outcomes of cellulitis based on our current management for comparison with international reports METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients with cellulitis treated by the department of surgery at Ngwelezana Hospital over an 18-month period. Severity of cellulitis was graded, and a comparison was made of the Eron and Modified Dundee classifications. Superficial swabs were taken for culture on patients who had cellulitis with open wounds or blisters. Culture results, antibiotics used, need for surgical intervention, and length of hospital stay were documented and analysed RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four patients had cellulitis. Severity grading for classes I-IV in the Eron classification was 3%, 57%, 39% and 1%, respectively, and for the Modified Dundee classification, 47%, 11%, 38%, and 4%, respectively. Co-amoxiclav was the most used antibiotic (73%). Superficial skin swabs were taken from 49 patients and 34 cultured 44 specific organisms. The most common organism identified was Staphylococcus aureus (30%). Several gram-negative and anaerobic organisms were cultured. Fifty-three patients required surgical debridement of the infected area and one patient required an above-knee amputation. Mean hospital stay for patients who did not receive surgical intervention was 6 days (IQR 3) and 7 days (IQR 4) for those who did. There were no deaths CONCLUSION: The Dundee classification triages fewer patients as class 2 severity than the Eron system and its use has the potentail to reduce the number of patients hospitalised. Gram-positive organisms predominated in those cultured, but gram-negative cultures were frequent compared to other reported series. Co-amoxiclav is effective as first-line antimicrobial therapy in our environment
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Tjong, Cendrawaty, Raina Ophelia Sunggiardi, and Vania Vania. "Similarities and Disparities of Ghosts in Eastern and Western Literature Based the Novels Liaozhai Zhiyi, Dracula, dan a Christamas Carol." Lingua Cultura 4, no. 2 (2010): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v4i2.363.
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Ghosts is one of life unexplained phenomena also interesting theme for entertainment and literature materials. Every nation have their own ghost literature that reflects the nation’s view on ghost itself. This article compares China’s Liaozhai Zhiyi, Western’s Dracula and A Christmas Carol as representations of both culture. The writer through desktop study method found that culture influenced and shaped ghost image in the mind of novel writer. This leads to different image of ghost in the two cultures. The results is: ghost in two cultures appear mostly in the night time, have different types and classifications, different physical images, different way of thinking and how to handle ghosts.
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Khurshid SARIMSOKOV. "THE ROLE OF NOMINATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS TERMS." UzMU xabarlari 1, no. 1.3.1 (2024): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.69617/uzmu.v1i1.3.1.1678.
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This article is dedicated to the study of notion “nomination” and its classifications which have been given by scientists. Moreover, there is information about “physical education” and “physical culture”. In development of sports terms the notion “nomination” appeared many years ago and many scholars have been searched about its use and expression. In this work we will try to classify sports lexical units according to the classification of nomination.
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Huber, Sandra. "Villains, Ghosts, and Roses, or, How to Speak with the Dead." Open Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2019-0002.
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Abstract If narratives that uphold secular humanism have led to an “unparalleled catastrophe” as Sylvia Wynter notes in an interview with Katherine McKittrick, then it is time to unwrite them. In this essay, I examine the dead as a category that exceeds metaphysical classifications of subject and object and provides alternate possibilities of communication and hybridity. To do so, I call on work by Claire Colebrook, Jacques Derrida, John Durham Peters, Eve Tuck, and Unica Zürn, among others, with the cultural work and words of Sylvia Wynter as a guide and galvanising force. Here, I repopulate the life/death seam with gorgons, witches, fates, and revenge stories. If ghosts are seen simply as other beings, albeit taboo ones like bacteria, or require alternate cultural narratives like villains, or exist both in the symbolic sphere of the mystical and the so-called natural world like roses, what kinds of methodologies can be opened? What do the dead have to say and how do we listen?
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Santi, Dewi Mustika, and Bambang Widi Pratolo. "Target Cultures Representation in English Course Books of Smart 10 and Bahasa Inggris X for Senior High School." Premise: Journal of English Education 11, no. 1 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/pj.v11i1.4183.
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This research is aimed to analyze the target cultural classification aspects of High School textbooks. The data for analysis were collected from two High School books entitled Smart 10 and Bahasa Inggris X. The method employed was the descriptive qualitative method, and it used the theory from Dweik & Al-Sayyed (2015) about cultural classifications. This study explored and compared how the target culture was represented in two coursebooks that used purposive sampling. Three available units were selected in every book by employing systemic random sampling. Six aspects were analyzed; food & beverages, person's name, places, social behavior, ecology, and economy. The results showed that target cultures represented by Smart 10 are more dominant than in Bahasa Inggris X's book.
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Shin, Changhwan, and Jungkyu Park. "Classifying Social Enterprises with Organizational Culture, Network and Socioeconomic Performance: Latent Profile Analysis Approach." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5010017.
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Culture is a key driving force in enhancing organizational performance. The results of recent studies indicate the importance of managers having the capacity to understand organizational culture and link it to organizational performance improvement. This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational culture and performance improvement in social enterprises. In the past, organizational culture was described in terms of a single dimension, but it is now understood that different cultures reflect different values and beliefs, in a seemingly contradictory manner, and can coexist within any given organization. We analyze the relationships among social enterprise networking, performance, and organizational culture, using the four organizational culture classifications of the competing values framework, which reflects recent perspectives. A survey was conducted among 100 social entrepreneurs, and latent profile analysis was applied to the data. The analytical results identify four latent profiles—namely, strong-balanced, weak-balanced, hierarchical, and group-dominant—and show that a balanced culture fosters high-level socioeconomic performance.
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Green, Marilyn A., and Susan Rathbun-Grubb. "Classifying African Literary Authors." Library Resources & Technical Services 60, no. 4 (2016): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.60n4.270.
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This paper reviews the literature on the inadequacies of the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) schedules for African literary authors and describes a modified practice that collocates African literature and facilitates patron browsing. Current LCC practice scatters African literature across the multiple European language classifications of former colonial powers. Future strategies could place individual authors more accurately in the context of their country, region, culture, and languages of authorship. The authors renew the call for a formal international effort to revisit the literature schedules and create new classification practices for African literature.
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Rodrigo-Alsina, Miquel, and Pilar Medina-Bravo. "A Reflection on Identities, Culture Models and Power." Journal of Intercultural Communication 16, no. 1 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v16i1.712.
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We reflect on interrelationship patterns between cultures and identities, first focusing on what we mean by culture and then analysing four cultural models — monocultural, multicultural, intercultural and transcultural and their impact on identity construction. Pointing to the dangers of the monocultural model that promotes essentialist and homogenizing identity classifications, we discuss the specific weight of national identity in the multicultural paradigm. We also describe the fundamental characteristics of the intercultural perspective and the view of identities understood as a result of cultural hybridization. We conclude by considering a proposal for a transcultural perspective.
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Holman, Eric W. "Domain-Specific and General Properties of Folk Classifications." Journal of Ethnobiology 25, no. 1 (2005): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771_2005_25_71_dagpof_2.0.co_2.
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Published hierarchical folk classifications of animals, plants, and a wide variety of other things are surveyed in search of similarities and differences. In contrast to classifications of other things, classifications of animals and plants distinguish more categories, are more likely to be endowed with taxonomic ranks, and obey more consistently a nomenclatural rule related to ranks. Even within the set of things other than animals and plants, there is evidence for differences among classifications of different domains. These cross-cultural regularities suggest that taxonomic judgments are not entirely determined by culture. Despite their differences, most of the classifications are similar in their average number of hierarchical levels. The small number of levels in all folk classifications suggests a general limit, possibly on memory.
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Borchmann, Simon, Sune Sønderberg Mortensen, and Louise Tranekjær. "Questioning Questions in Language, Culture and Cognition." Scandinavian Studies in Language 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v11i1.121354.
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The motivation for questioning questions arose in the research group Language, Culture and Cognition in 2018 when several members were working on material that included questions. In this work, a series of problems appeared, including: How do we classify questions based on their functions? What is the cognitive basis for questions? How do we account for the specific functions that questions serve in activity types? The problems led to consideration as to whether there was a basis for a broader discussion of questions, and when the group invited to the open symposium Questioning Questions in Language, Culture and Cognition, it turned out that there was a widespread interest within the international linguistic research community. At the symposium held at Roskilde University on November 15, 2018, 14 papers were presented, and following the research group’s call for papers for a special issue, several new proposals came along - each contributing to the classification, analysis and characteriation of questions. This indicates not only that there is a lively interest in questions, but also that there is a need to discuss and add to the existing classifications, analyses and characterisations of questions. In this issue we have gathered the 11 most relevant contributions.
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Garcia Ayala, L., M. Gomez Revuelta, C. Martin Requena, et al. "Does psychiatry link culture and symptoms?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.666.
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IntroductionTranscultural psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry where cultural context for psychiatric symptoms is studied. It emerged as a consequence of migration of diverse ethnic groups and questions whether international diagnosis classifications fit in different cultures.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to make professionals aware of the importance of cultural context for the way mental disorders present themselves depending on the patient's origin.Materials and methodsWe report the detailed case of a 23-year-old Moroccan woman, attended for the first time by the mental health services when she was 8. Since that moment, she felt herself possessed by a strange being. Auditory hallucinations appeared. It was only when her father or her husband were at home that she felt the “being” was gone. Her husband, as formerly his father, represented a symbol of protection against that evil being and indeed against her mental disorder, which was directly related to her cultural beliefs.DiscussionEvery country has a different culture and every migration brings with it a new environment. The way people adapt to it may result in mental illness. We want to discuss if symptoms fit international diagnosis classifications.ConclusionPsychiatrists should become aware of the limitations of the international classifications when used on different ethnic groups. We should have a cultural approach in order to treat the diverse populations from all around the world.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lock, Margaret. "DSM-III as a culture-bound construct: Commentary on culture-bound syndromes and international disease classifications." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (1987): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00055006.
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Bidu. "Classifications of Macca Oromoo Girls’ Nuptial Songs (Sirba Cidhaa)." Humanities 8, no. 3 (2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8030145.
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Girls’ nuptial songs of the Oromoo of Horn of Africa are powerful folksong genres, but are rarely practiced today. Ethnographic data were collected and analyzed contextually, structurally, functionally, and semantically from multidisciplinary approaches: folklore, ethnomusicology, anthropology, sociology, literature, linguistic, gender, and others’ theories. They are classified into arrabsoo (insult), faaruu (praise), mararoo (elegiac/dirge), ansoosillee (bridal praise), fala (resolution), and raaga (prediction) with their distinct natures. Macca Oromoo girls compose these competitively to making weddings memorable, express themselves, inspire and encourage men for brave and appropriate actions. These genres form binary oppositions in their respective orders and enrich the culture. They also depict identities and roles of girls in creations and maintaining of culture.
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Омеличкин, Олег, and Oleg Omelichkin. "THE TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL CULTURE." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2017, no. 1 (2017): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2017-1-12-19.
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The paper deals with some theoretical and methodological issues of political culture typology. It examines the principal approaches and classifications and elicits their fractionality, eclecticism and diversity of criteria. It is emphasized that the differentiation of political cultures is supposed to occur on political grounds. The author understands the concept of culture as a specific system of values and models of political participation which are widely recognised in society and serve to structure the political process. Originally, they are not perfectly homogeneous and often act in various combinations with other types. The research proposes a typology of political culture based on the content-related and formative characteristics of the social phenomenon in question. The identified types present complex theoretical constructs which include variegated and non-random combinations of system-forming attributes and features. The author studies the role and types of political subcultures reflecting the impact of social, national, religious, geographic and other factors. He also substantiates the possibility of the esthetic evaluation of politics.
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Lazar, Sebastjan, Vojko Potočan, Sonja Mlaker Kač, Gözde Yanginlar, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, and Matevž Obrecht. "Logistics Aspect of Organizational Culture and Normative Commitment in Electric Energy Supply Chain." Management Systems in Production Engineering 30, no. 4 (2022): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2022-0041.
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Abstract Companies are increasingly aware that employees are an important factor in success, so they pay more and more attention to them. Because of that, organizational culture and normative commitment are also included as extremely important factors. The research includes a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature and at the same time obtaining and analysing data from practice through a survey. The research focuses on employees from the logistics departments in the supply chain of electronic component production and supply. Group of companies across Europe were included in the survey (Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia and Ukraine). The research demonstrates the realization that the types of classification of organizational culture have different effects on direct and indirect normative commitment. Gender differences were also found. The research-based on the calculated average mean values shows the classifications of organizational culture and normative commitment. The latter follows the organizational culture with minor deviations. The order of classification of organizational culture follows the current economic situation, where according to the studied criteria, the first is a culture of the market. The research shows that men’s rate of normative commitment is better than women’s, while in organizational culture the situation is exactly the opposite. One of the most significant findings is based on the Pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS program was found that, according to the classification, Hierarchy culture has a positive effect on indirect normative commitment.
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OLGA V., KONNOVA, and ROMANOVA INGA V. "THE PECULIARITIES OF COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR AS A METHOD OF KNOWING AND PERCEIVING THE WORLD." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 78, no. 2 (2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2021-78-2-035-038.
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This article examines the features of intercultural communication between representatives of different ethnic groups. Recently, this problem has attracted increased interest among researchers from various countries. There are many classifications of different cultures. This article examines the points of view of such scientists as H. Spencer-Outy, R. Lewis, G. Hofstede. The authors investigate the extent to which national culture is associated with individual behavior, as well as intercultural characteristics at the level of verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as at the level of customs and traditions. The article is devoted to national culture and its relationship with individual behavior and values.
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Garfinkel, Harold. "Notes on language games as a source of methods for studying the formal properties of linguistic events1." European Journal of Social Theory 22, no. 2 (2019): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431018824733.
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One of three distinct approaches to his famous ‘Trust’ argument, this paper written by Garfinkel in 1960, and never before published, proposed a rethinking of rules, games and linguistic classifications in interactional terms consistent with Wittgenstein’s language games. Garfinkel had been working in collaboration with Parsons since 1958 to craft an approach to culture that would replace conceptual classification with the constitutive expectancies of interaction and systems of interaction. The argument challenged the work of cultural anthropologists influenced by zoology and biology, who called themselves ‘ethnoscientists’ and studied culture in terms of linguistic classification systems. Garfinkel had proposed an alternative sociological ‘ethnoscience’ of culture and language that would focus on how culture was made, on how linguistic events are achieved, and on the rules of their making. This ‘Language Games’ approach followed Wittgenstein in seeking what Garfinkel called a literal description of cultural/linguistic events: meaning by ‘literal’, a step-by-step account of the constitutive and preferred rules participants use to create a recognizable event-in-a-language. Made famous three years later in version associated with Schutz, Garfinkel’s Trust argument also appears in a 1962 text (Parsons’ Primer, published in 2019) in a version built on Parsons.
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Rivière, Claude. "Culture inavouée dans la nature, nature soumise dans la culture." Horizontes Antropológicos 7, no. 16 (2001): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-71832001000200002.
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On peut tirer de l'idée que l'on se fait de la nature, soit une apologie de l'ordre dans le cosmos, soit un argument pour justifier l'existence d'un Dieu maître de la foudre et des saisons, soit l'enchantement d'un retour à l'état de nature supposé non conflictuel, soit enfin une conviction matérialiste selon laquelle l'homme doit dompter sa gourmandise et assurer la survie optimale de l'environnement sans le polluer. La société n'est pas à penser comme une modalité d'oubli de la nature mais en rapport d'inclusion dans la nature. Après périple philosophique de Platon à Moscovici, on déviera dans le champ des artistes peignant d'après nature et dans celui des linguistes analysant ce qui est dit contre nature. C'est la culture qui oppose nature et convention, fait et norme, matière et liberté humaine. C'est elle aussi qui nous fournit notre vocabulaire, nos classifications et nos jugements de valeur à propos de la nature. Récemment un courant écologiste se pose en protecteur sourcilleux de l'environnement et en organisateur d'un développement durable, mais dans la deep ecology, on glisse vers le culte d'une biosphère de rêve.
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Adejunmobi, Moradewun. "Afterword: Genre Queries, African Studies." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 4, no. 2 (2017): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2017.14.
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AbstractThis essay on genres acknowledges the constructed nature of the fluid classifications that form around recognized and recognizable types of creative work. Some systems of classification owe their recognition to powerful cultural intermediaries. Others, often located in the realm of popular culture, emerge without input from cultural intermediaries. As constructed groupings of works, genres matter for their ability to generate distinct circuits of transmission that allow for a specific type of encounter with the work and a type of response to the work.
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Fayziyeva, Aziza Anvarovna. "LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHORS." International journal of word art 5, no. 2 (2022): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6633959.
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The study of the relationship between language and culture occupies one of the leading positions in modern linguistics, which is associated with the constant expansion of communication and interaction between different cultures. Linguocultural studies, which studies the relationship between language and culture, provides information about the linguistic landscape that reflects the expression of culture in the language and the thinking of the speakers. This article analyzes metaphors, which are one of the current problems in linguistics and translation studies, and the specifics of their translation. The article discusses the classifications of metaphors, as well as the problems of adequate translation of linguocultural features expressed in metaphors. In the research article, the researcher used as a source the research of foreign linguists and translators on the translation of metaphors.
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Sapic, Srdjan, Jelena Eric, and Vesna Stojanovic-Aleksic. "The influence of organizational and national culture on the acceptance of organizational change: Empirical study in Serbian enterprises." Sociologija 51, no. 4 (2009): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0904399s.
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Organizational culture is one of the most important factors influencing the process of organizational change. As such it is the object of research and analysis in this paper. Key values held by the employees that impact the formation of organizational culture, as well as the feedback organizational culture has in determining organizational processes are explored. Different relevant classifications of organizational cultures are described depending on research focus. Special consideration is given to the effect national cultural attributes have in this interaction. The specific contribution of this paper consists of presenting a study conducted within a sample of twenty Serbian corporations, in order to identify and examine some specific characteristics of organizational culture generated by the unique cultural attributes of this region. Presented results suggest a bureaucratic organizational culture, dominance of the directive leadership style, and a significant level of resistance to change in domestic corporations. The main goal of the research is to provide evidence for thesis that the process of initiating and implementing organizational changes is determined by national and organizational culture, based on values that promote inclination toward change.
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Smiraglia, Richard P. "Big Classification: Using the Empirical Power of Classification Interaction." Advances in Classification Research Online 24, no. 1 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/acro.v24i1.14673.
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Classification as a cultural artifact serves an epistemological role as disseminator of the culture it embodies. A theory of classification interaction has been proposed that would combine empirical iterations of bibliographic characteristics as factors interacting with traditional conceptual elements in classifications. Nine million UDC numbers extracted from the OCLC WorldCat are sampled and deconstructed, to look for correlations with content-designated components of the associated bibliographic records. Chi-squared is used to locate statistically-significant correlations among nominal-level variables. Results demonstrate a series of footprints of predictable associations. A complex network of associations is revealed and visualized. The results are promising and point to a series of more complex investigations.
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Golodnova, N. N., and M. A. Pivovarova. "Verification of classification modernization solutions (the case study of Library Bibliographic Classification)." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 8 (August 14, 2023): 122–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2023-8-122-140.
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Efficiency of library classifications depends on their capacity to embrace current knowledge and social practices. Therefore, the verification (late Latin verificatio – evidence, confirmation, from the Latin verus – true and facio – to make) of upgrade solutions is an essential part of classification system operation and development. The problem of library classification verification is often out of researchers view. The verification mechanism (tools) for upgrade solutions has not been described yet. Therefore, the reliability and relevance of classification upgrade solutions is of scientific and practical value.The purpose of the paper is to summarize the related experience of Research LBC Center of the Russian State Library. Based on s tructured system analysis and the long practice of LBC development and application, the authors examine the mechanism for monitoring publications and identifying innovations, including new terms, concepts, social phenomena, etc., and for assessing and processing data for continuing update of the classification system. Using the example of LBC modernization solutions, the authors discuss advantages and disadvantages of individual methods. They conclude that the classification upgrade verification – essential to the nature of the library classification systems – has to become the key element of the classifying culture. The researchers review and suggest the ways to improve the verification mechanism adopted at the RSL LBC Research Center. The integrated approach to LBC verification is of applied relevance both for the theory of classifications and librarianship.
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GEORGI, KAREN L. "James Jackson Jarves's Art Criticism: Aesthetic Classifications and Historiographic Consequences." Journal of American Studies 42, no. 2 (2008): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875808004660.
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Looking at the methodological principles and rhetorical forms that structure James Jackson Jarves's often-cited 1864 book The Art-Idea, this essay reconsiders Jarves's role in the historiography of American art. Jarves has long been associated with post-Civil War shifts toward international aesthetic trends, which eroded the native bias in favor of verisimilitude and anecdote. He is thought to mark a turning point. His texts, however, only partially corroborate the reputation. Here, firstly, I reread Jarves's art theory to suggest what were the aesthetic preferences he hoped to foster among Americans, and why. Secondly, I propose that the reputed Jarves fulfills an apparently unrecognized need in the subdiscipline of American art history – a fundamental understanding of American art as automatically, necessarily, indexical. It is primarily a manifestation of American culture, and more specifically American culture as defined by change, growth, disruption, reintegration.
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van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., and Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg. "Invariance of adult attachment across gender, age, culture, and socioeconomic status?" Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 27, no. 2 (2010): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407509360908.
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Is attachment in adulthood associated with gender, age, culture, or socioeconomic context? There is a widely held belief that males and younger individuals exhibit a more avoidant or dismissive stance toward attachment experiences, as would subjects from individualized, Western societies and from poorer socio-economic environments. Distributions of Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications in various gender, cultural, socioeconomic, and age groups were compared with the normative distribution of North American non-clinical Caucasian mothers (23% dismissing, 58% secure, 19% preoccupied) through analysis of correspondence. Indeed, adolescent and student samples contained a higher proportion of dismissing attachment classifications than the normative group. No gender differences were found in the use of dismissing versus preoccupied attachment strategies in relatively affluent social environments, and the AAI distributions were largely independent of language and country of origin. Most strikingly, low SES adolescent mothers showed the strongest over-representation of dismissing attachments, which supports the life history theory prediction that in harsh environments individuals adopt a quantity-oriented reproductive strategy in tandem with a dismissing view of attachment.
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Kharyuchi, Galina. "Sacred Places in the Nenets Traditional Culture." Sibirica 17, no. 3 (2018): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2018.170310.
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The Nenets people have various forms of worshipping spirits in their sacred landscapes. The article examines the history, definitions, and classifications of forms of worship of the Nenets sacred places (khebidia ia). Cult structures (khekhe) include objects of nature as well as effigies of various deities installed at sacred sites or residential areas. Images of a master spirit carved in stone or wood (siadei) mark tribal or general significant sites of worship. The main activities carried out on these sacred sites relate to seasonal rituals of the life cycle and to subsistence practices such as fishing and hunting. The most important of them were sacrificial rituals.
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Pushkarskaya, Natalya. "Chinese Epistemic Culture on the Example of Traditional Chinese Medicine." Ideas and Ideals 14, no. 1-1 (2022): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.1.1-50-67.
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The article examines the main features of the epistemic culture of Ancient China and designates its place in the modern theory of knowledge. The author shows a close connection between the method of cognition and the holistic worldview expressed by the proto-categorical conceptual constructions yin - yang 阴阳 (two fundamental opposites), san cai 三才 (heaven - man - earth) and wu xing 五行 (five forces: water - fire - wood - metal - soil). The interrelation between the strategy of cognition and the general socio-cultural paradigm can be most clearly traced on the example of the phenomenon of traditional Chinese medicine. The treatise “Huangdi Neijing” “The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor” («黄帝内经»), the earliest surviving text on ancient Chinese medicine, is used as the primary source. The content of this treatise is the origin of all medical theories and practices that exist in China. Referring to the text “Huangdi Neijing”, the author demonstrates the influence of basic classifications on the theoretical and methodological foundation of traditional Chinese medicine. The binary classification, represented by the interaction and interdependence of the two opposites yin and yang, is the basis of the main principle of treatment in Chinese medical practice; the treatment with the opposite. The trinary classification, the unity of heaven, earth and man is reflected in the idea of the three levels of the human body (upper, middle and lower). The quinary classification expands the field of interaction of the binary conceptual construction, involving the five internal organs wu zang 五脏, functioning within the framework of the general processes of mutual overcoming of xiang ke 相克 and mutual generation of xiang sheng 生生. Additionally, the article attempts to answer the question concerning the reason for the popularity of natural medicine in the modern world, and to identify the prospect of its use.
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TYTARENKO, V., and M. KONDRATENKO. "ESTABLISHMENT OF EXHIBITION ACTIVITIES IN THE WORLD." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 34 (December 18, 2024): 228–32. https://doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2024.34.318134.
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Today, exhibition activity is a relevant field of modern culture, education and development of society. Exhibitions have an important aesthetic, cultural, scientific and philosophical mission. The article reflects the birth of exhibition activity in the world and the work of international organizations in this direction, gives examples of various classifications of exhibitions. Despite the large number of scientific works on the researched topic, it is worth noting the debatability of approaches to the interpretation of the very concept of "exhibition" and their classifications. It is noted that exhibitions are classified by venue, sources of funding, status, subject matter, etc. The most common classification in the cultural and educational spheres is the division of exhibitions by direction. It is possible to combine several directions at the same time. For example: educational-scientific, artistic-artistic, scientific-technical. By branch, according to the international classification of exhibitions of the UFI (World Association of the Exhibition Industry), there are two main classes: specialized exhibitions and universal and multi-disciplinary exhibitions. The article examines the problematic issues of classification of exhibition activity and determines the factors affecting it, analyzes the characteristics of the development and formation of exhibition activity in the world. Prospects and problems related to the development of the exhibition institute in the world are relevant and require in-depth research. The correct ratio of the topic and the form of the event is the key to the success of a good exhibition. With the development of society, exhibitions also develop. Exhibitions are a creation of a certain time and place, a reflection of culture, art, education and society at a certain historical moment. The main goal of the exhibition is to tell a new story, create a new context, ensure access and relevance for the modern viewer, which is a constant challenge for the organizers of the exhibition.
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Shelton, Anthony Alan. "Re-totalizing Culture." Ethnologies 36, no. 1-2 (2016): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037607ar.
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With the growth of concern over diminishing cultural diversity, homogenization, and the preservation of tangible patrimony, UNESCO has increasingly assumed a lead position in devising new legislative instruments – programs, proclamations, conventions, and treaties – for the safeguard and regulation of cultural heritage. This cultural policy has been re-directed in the last two decades by a newly emergent and confident cosmopolitan political bloc that has attempted to reverse the organization’s Occidental bias by extending the protection it gives to tangible heritage to include intangible cultural expressions. This new political interest coincides with wider demands for the re-totalization of both aspects of culture aimed at encouraging the institutional use of vernacular interpretations in place of typological and externally imposed classifications. While these movements share a common interest in the decolonization of institutional culture, there is no overarching consensus on the means by which authority over interpretation can be returned to and exercised by originating communities and practitioners. To support its relatively new cultural mandate, UNESCO has revised its definitions of culture. These re-articulations – largely appropriated from specific anthropological discourses – expand the concept of culture to include its tangible and intangible manifestations, and provide a legitimating moral and intellectual authority to promote its wider acceptability. This essay represents a modest attempt to define and trace the influence of part of the rhetoric generated by globalized institutional cultures on museum practice and to raise questions on the current choices museums have been called to make.
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Craig, Dale A. "Trans–Cultural Composition in the 20th Century." Tempo, no. 156 (March 1986): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200022075.
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The most remarkable development in 20th-century music has been the gradual rise of transcultural music to status as the dominant activity of composers. Interaction between musics of various types within the same culture, and between cultures (including those separated from us in historical time), has been more important than the conventionally-recognized classifications of 20th-century musical activity such as expressionism, atonality, impressionism, neo-classicism (in its purist, Eurocentric stance), serialism, total serialism, chance, and minimalism (when it poses as an intellectual movement without cross-cultural referrents).
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Andrés Narváez, Camilo. "Organizational Culture as a Strategic Pillar: A Theoretical Analysis of Models, Levels, and Typologies." Management (Montevideo) 1 (December 30, 2023): 42. https://doi.org/10.62486/agma202342.
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Introduction: This paper approached the study of organizational culture from a theoretical perspective, recognizing its historical evolution and its relevance in business performance. From the 18th century to the present, organizational culture was conceived as a determining factor in the way organizations operate, adapt to change and project their identity to the external environment.Development: During the development of the research, theoretical models proposed by authors such as Edgar Schein, Chiavenato, Denison, Harrison and Ansoff were analyzed. Each one provided different levels, functions and classifications that allowed understanding organizational culture as a phenomenon composed of visible elements -such as artifacts, symbols and structures- and invisible ones -such as values, beliefs and basic assumptions. Power-oriented, norm-oriented, results-oriented and people-oriented cultural typologies were also studied, highlighting how these influenced staff motivation, decision-making and leadership.Conclusions: The research concluded that a strong and consistent organizational culture represented a competitive advantage for companies. It was found that results- and people-oriented models favored more flexible and innovative environments, while rigid cultures based on power or norms were less effective. Finally, the importance of strategically managing organizational culture to strengthen corporate identity, improve productivity and foster long-term sustainability was highlighted.
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Yunchao Zuo, Syed Nurulakla Syed Abdullah, and Florence Haw Ching Toh. "Strategies of Translating Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) in Mo Yan’s <i>Red Sorghum</i>." Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature 19, no. 1 (2025): 95–114. https://doi.org/10.31436/asiatic.v19i1.3644.
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This study focused on the translation of culture-specific items (CSIs) in Mo Yan’s novel Red Sorghum and the applicability of Functionalist Theory in analysing the data. This aim was divided into three specific objectives: identifying the strategies of translating CSIs, exploring their occurrence rates, and examining whether or not functionalist theory is applicable to the analysis of data. Drawing upon Aixelá’s translation strategies and Nida’s classification, this study examined translation strategies within the framework of functionalist theory. The results showed that the most commonly used techniques are absolute universalisation and linguistic translation. Second, different translation procedures are required for different classifications of CSIs. Thirdly, the study found that in order to maintain artistic and aesthetic value, an aesthetic rule shall be considered in literary translation.
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Sagna,, Serge. "Physical properties and culture-specific factors as principles of semantic categorisation of the Gújjolaay Eegimaa noun class system." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 1 (2012): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0005.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the semantic bases of class membership in the noun class system of Gújjolaay Eegimaa (Eegimaa henceforth), a Niger-Congo and Atlantic language of the BAK group spoken in Southern Senegal. The question of whether semantic principles underlie the overt classification of nouns in Niger-Congo languages is a controversial one. There is a common perception of Niger-Congo noun class systems as being mainly semantically arbitrary. The goal of the present paper is to show that physical properties and culture-specific factors are central principles of semantic categorisation in the Eegimaa noun class system. I argue that the Eegimaa overt grammatical classification of nouns into classes is a semantic categorisation system whereby categories are structured according to prototypicality, family resemblance, metaphorical and metonymic extensions and chaining processes, as argued within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. I show that the categorisation of entities in the Eegimaa nominal classification system productively makes use of physical properties such as shape as well as using culture-specific, less productive parameters for the semantic categorisation of entities denoted by nouns. The analysis proposed here also shows that the cases of multiple morphosyntactic classifications of nouns reflect multiple conceptual categorisation strategies. A detailed examination of the formal and semantic instances of multiple classification reveals the existence of conceptual correlations between the physical properties and the culture-specific semantic parameters of categorisation used in the Eegimaa noun class system.
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Kozieva, Ikbol Komiljonovna, and Dilnora Zokirdjanovna Chorakulova. "INTERCONNEC TERCONNECTION OF L TION OF LANGUAGE AND CUL GE AND CULTURE IN THE TURE IN THE WORLD LITERATURE." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (2021): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/18.
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Background. The language, reflecting the originality of the people, the national spirit, the national vision of the world, the national culture, represents the united spiritual energy of the people, which is imprinted in certain sounds. The "national spirit" is the driving force behind the development of the language. "Language is a constantly renewed work of the spirit to make the articulated sound suitable for the expression of thought." The concept of "internal form" is considered in connection with the concept of "national spirit". The most important attribute of language, Humboldt singles out the "linguistic internal form", which means the totality of the laws of language reproduction, the laws according to which the spirit acts. Methods. Language is recognized as a mediator between reality and consciousness, since the world as an “inexhaustible 'continuum of diversity'”, offering us an infinite number of classifications of these varieties, does not impose any of them. Reality and its proposed classifications are reflected not directly in the language, but in consciousness, which fixes this reflection in conventional signs. Results.
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이영숙 and 성민규. "A New Direction on Buddhist Culture Content Studies in the Digital Ubiquitous Culture: An Understanding of Religious Character Classifications." Journal of Korea Design Forum ll, no. 29 (2010): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21326/ksdt.2010..29.039.
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Janicijevic, Nebojsa. "The mutual impact of organizational culture and structure." Ekonomski anali 58, no. 198 (2013): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1398035j.
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This paper explores the relationship between the structure and culture of an organization. The starting assumption is that organizational structure and organizational culture impact each other, and that there is a causal relationship due to which the agreement of the two components of organization leads to better performance. First, the mechanism through which organizational culture impacts the design of organizational structures and the manner in which organizational structure affects the maintenance, strengthening, or changing of organizational culture is explained at the conceptual level. Then, based on the known classifications of organizational structure and culture, they are put into a relationship of direct mutual interdependence. This is done by generating hypotheses about the agreement of particular types of organizational culture and particular types of organizational structure.
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Singh, Penny, and Renitha Rampersad. "Communication challenges in a multicultural learning environment." Journal of Intercultural Communication 10, no. 2 (2010): 1–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v10i2.504.
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Culture is an intricate concept, with many different classifications. Simply put, "culture" refers to a group or community with which we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. Each of us is shaped by many factors, and culture is one of the powerful forces that influence our lives. This paper offers a critique of problems experienced in multicultural learning environments and explores factors that inhibit intercultural communication. In addition, this paper highlights current psychological and cultural issues which are relevant to contemporary life in South Africa.
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Angeline, Magdalena Ivena, and Maria Eka Mulatsih. "Humanism Against Bullying in Sohn Won Pyung’s Almond Novel." Journal of Language and Health 3, no. 2 (2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v3i2.1304.
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Korean Pop culture has millions young followers around the world including Indonesian. Starting from music, Korean style also emerges in the form of its drama and novel. One of valuable Korean works which is worth to analyze is Almond. Beside this novel has been translated into 13 different languages, it contains humanism values. This study reveals humanism classifications in Almond by applying a theory proposed by Copson (2015). Since this study deals with literature, library research is applied. The researchers collected the data from the novel by reading and highlighting parts based on Humanism theory. After that, the results of classification were analyzed using formalism approach and delivered qualitatively. This research found that Yoon Jae, the main character, fulfills most of the classifications of humanism, namely starting with human being, valuing truth, death, tragedy, the pursuit of happiness, personal development, making connections, the origins of morality, and the aim of morality in the story. Some of the humanism classifications were reflected in Yoon Jae when experiencing bullying, namely: valuing truth, having personal development, and making connections. He managed to get through bullying when he started to feel the pursuit of happiness and when he started doing the aim of morality. Yoon Jae's humanism action managed him to survive from bullying and to continue his life like an ordinary person.