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1
Ingram, John. "The negotiating classroom." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018710/.
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The thesis presents empirical studies and reviews that support a shift from traditional classroom practices in the Primary school to those based in a teacher-child partnership developed through negotiation. The opening Chapter looks at the ontology of the contemporary classroom of the Primary school. It holds that reasons for the presence of largely directive practices can be found in teachers background and training and in society's dependent model of childhood. This focus is continued in Chapter Two in respect to research into motivational processes. Chapter Three presents two empirical studies looking at the nature of the directive classroom and the types of strategies that children use to cope with this phenomena. In Chapter Four negotiation is examined across a variety of domains, developing in Chapter Five a model of a negotiating classroom and examining the extent to which it can be said that children negotiate. Chapter Six presents three studies concerned with children's negotiating behaviour, the detailed nature of child-teacher classroom negotiating interaction and a sociometric perspective examining how children prefer to organize themselves. Study Six presents transcripts of negotiations between teacher and child with interpretive commentary. Chapter Seven follows a class examining the effects on children's academic performance while moving from a directive to a negotiating environment. Chapter Eight presents a study combining three classroom components to create eight classroom environments. It highlights poor independent teacherchild agreement on the elements within the classroom organization that produce the best / worst match on different criteria. It also outlines data indicating poor agreement between In-situ and later questionnaire data collection methods. Chapter Nine suggests that individuality of the child is a persistent theme throughout, particularly in types of curricular interaction and behaviour and that a movement is needed toward developing the negotiating philosophy into traditional classrooms.
2
Weinert, Regina. "A study of classroom second language development." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27632.
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The nature of the relationship between the teaching and learning of second languages in the classroom has rarely been the subject of empirical investigation. The teaching profession tends to regard this relationship as a relatively direct one. Teaching which is based on a language syllabus explicitly or implicitly assumes that, given sufficiently frequent presentation and practice, learning will take place in a linear, cumulative fashion, although actual teaching practices may intuitively respond to learning being different. Since teachers are concerned with establishing which methods bring about the desired learner outcomes, interest in the learner is generally restricted to observations of what it is he has learnt and what he still has to learn, rather than how he learns. Second language acquisition research, on the other hand, has tended to focus on the learner, without necessarily relating his behaviour to the learning context. It has also involved mainly informal or only partially formal learners. Relatively few studies have considered learners who were exposed to the second language only in the classroom. At the same time the results of studies with informal or mixed learners have often been assumed to apply also to classroom-only learners. In particular it has been suggested that second language development follows its own principles and therefore cannot be influenced by instruction. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acquisition of a second language by classroom-only learners in relation to the teaching learners were exposed to. Subjects of the study are 42 child and 6 adult learners of German, all native speakers of English. The study examines the development of negation and interrogation. We will find that the relationship between learning and teaching is not always a direct one and will interpret this as the result of learners' organic, creative interlanguage construction. At the same time we will consider the operation of linear, imitative learning processes, which result in the use of formulaic language, as a more direct outcome of the teaching. We will conclude that the acquisition of a second language in the classroom involves both organic, creative and linear, imitative processes.
3
Strayer, Jordan L. "Artistic Development in the K-12 Classroom." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544814998449893.
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Corzine, Elizabeth. "Standards-based grading| Effects on classroom instruction." Thesis, McKendree University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10190457.
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<p>The purpose of this study was to determine if the implementation of a standards-based grading system has an effect on classroom instruction. In particular, how does the implementation of a standards-based grading system impact the teaching methods, curriculum, differentiation, and formative assessments being used in classrooms? The researcher identified five schools in the Southern Illinois area that have adopted the standards-based grading system and chose eleven teachers to participate in this study through purposeful convenience sampling. This study used a phenomenological qualitative approach. There were two methods used in order to collect data including face to face interviews and document analysis. The findings of this study are significant to any district who is considering changing their grading system from a traditional grading system to a standards-based grading system. Through six major themes that emerged, this study shows that by switching to a standards-based grading system multiple parts of the classroom are impacted including the teaching methods, content, differentiation, and formative assessments. The six major themes included: teaching methods have been modified to better adjust to the standards-based grading system and include a larger variety of approaches, teaching methods are more of a response to student need than a pre-planned approach to teaching, the curriculum and content being taught in the classroom have better alignment to the standards, teachers have a greater awareness of both the curriculum and standards that are being taught at their grade level, as well as at other grade level, teachers have a better understanding of the individual needs of students and have used differentiation to meet these unique needs, and the use of formative assessments have increased in order to adjust for more fluid groupings being used in the classroom.
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Smith, Michelle Suzanne Theresa. "Revelations, classroom-based teacher development through student narratives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ40674.pdf.
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Gibson, Flavia. "Nutrition Education and the Elementary Classroom Teacher." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195876.
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Inactive lifestyles and poor eating habits are the main culprits of the present increase in childhood obesity, diabetes, heart problems, and cancer. In order to counterbalance this deterioration of children's health, it is imperative that children are educated about good nutritional practices. Unfortunately, parents are not always well-informed about nutrition themselves, leaving teachers to be the necessary link between children and good nutrition.This study investigates what teachers understand about nutrition concepts, as this knowledge would be the necessary precursor to aiding students toward better health. Due to the limited research on nutrition education in the elementary classroom, this study was preceded by three pilot studies that lent themselves to the advancement of the researcher's understanding of nutrition and its place in the elementary school setting. Initially three preservice teachers were interviewed in order to examine the preparation of elementary teachers for teaching nutrition.In order to assess what teachers understand about nutrition it was necessary to create an instrument that would assess teachers' nutritional knowledge. Through several trials a nutrition content survey was created and modified. The final version was administered to three hundred and seventeen teachers. While creating the nutrition content survey, the researcher also compiled a proposed list for the "big ideas" in nutrition. These statements describe the nutritional concepts that elementary students should understand. The "big ideas" were used to create lesson plans that were taught to forty-four fifth graders. These students provided insight into the content of the lessons through pre-post assessments and gave interest feedback using anonymous questionnaires.While the nature of this study was exploratory and descriptive in nature, its quantitative and qualitative data provided insight into teachers' understanding of nutritional concepts. Along with these findings were some preliminary examinations into how preservice teachers are prepared for teaching nutrition, what elementary age students understand about nutrition and what interests them, and how teachers feel about teaching nutrition. This study provides many possible avenues for future research in the area of nutrition education.
7
Hart, Maura A. "Implementing change in instructional delivery of classroom curriculum a phenomenological case study of classroom teachers implementing a problem-based learning approach in the classroom /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/42/.
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Kaiser, Andre, Anja Lorenz, Barbara Dinter, Tom Hänel, and Carsten Felden. "Flipped Classroom in der Wirtschaftsinformatik." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183503.
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Die Technische Universität Chemnitz und Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg führten im Rahmen des LiT-Projekts „FC WInf – Flipped Classroom in der Wirtschaftsinformatik“ ein kooperatives Lernprojekt im Sommersemester 2014 und Wintersemester 2014/2015 durch. Ziel war es, durch die Implementierung von Online-Lerneinheiten die individuelle Selbstlernphase der Studierenden zu stärken. Der Beitrag fasst die Konzeption und Durchführung zusammen und präsentiert wesentliche Ergebnisse der Evaluation.
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Johnson, Peggy B. "Technology Strategies in the Classroom After Completing Professional Development." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3628756.
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<p> In a school district, teachers and administrators found that students lacked the academic technology immersion necessary to ensure their technological preparation for the 21st century. Professional development was offered to prepare teachers to integrate 21st century technology into their instruction; however, teachers were not fully implementing technology. Administrators and stakeholders have indicated concern. The purpose of this study was to explore whether professional development was effective in increasing teachers' capacity to integrate student-directed technology into instruction. The study, guided by Prensky's transformation and Siemen's connectiveness theories, indicated that technology immersion was necessary within schools. The overarching research questions explored the extent to which technology-based professional development experiences have most directly affected the integration of technology into the classroom. The research design was a qualitative explorative study comparing archival teacher learning logs of 15 teachers from 5 high schools with 2 questionnaires. The narrative findings from the learning logs were cross-checked through triangulation with the percentage data from a Likert-type scale and questionnaire to determine accuracy and reliability. Data indicated that professional development increased technology integration in a moderate way, whereas comprehensive integration will better prepare students for the future. The purpose of the white paper report was to encourage stakeholders to collaboratively discuss the needs of teachers and review strategies to meet the 21st century technology skills of students. Implications for social change are that high school stakeholders who read this white paper may be prompted to discuss options to equip students to use 21st century skills to address personal, local, and world issues.</p>
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Nunn, Roger Charles. "Describing classroom communication in intercultural curricular research and development." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320044.
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Clemens, Cynthia Louise Jr. "Ecological Context of Friendship Development in an Inclusive Classroom." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31094.
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The purpose of this study was to create a detailed
description of the ecological context of friendship
development in an inclusive classroom. Of specific interest,
was the friendship development of a target child with a
diagnosed special need. This topic was investigated from
multiple perspectives: the researcher/observer, the target
student and her peers, the teacher, and the principal. The
goal of the investigation was to identify the perceptions of
these individuals in relation to the following issues:
supports and resources, the ecological context of the
classroom, and activities which support the development of
peer friendships. Information from this study can be used
by teachers as they prepare to meet the social needs of
students in inclusive classrooms. Today's teachers are not
dealing solely with academic challenges. Rather, they are
expected to provide children with social and emotional
support in addition to cognitive stimulation and assessment.
The results of this study provide insights that stimulate
practitioners to reflect upon their roles in providing
support for social development of children in an inclusive
primary grade classroom.<br>Master of Science
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Johnson, Peggy B. "Technology Strategies in the Classroom After Completing Professional Development." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1142.
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In a school district, teachers and administrators found that students lacked the academic technology immersion necessary to ensure their technological preparation for the 21st century. Professional development was offered to prepare teachers to integrate 21st century technology into their instruction; however, teachers were not fully implementing technology. Administrators and stakeholders have indicated concern. The purpose of this study was to explore whether professional development was effective in increasing teachers' capacity to integrate student-directed technology into instruction. The study, guided by Prensky's transformation and Siemen's connectiveness theories, indicated that technology immersion was necessary within schools. The overarching research questions explored the extent to which technology-based professional development experiences have most directly affected the integration of technology into the classroom. The research design was a qualitative explorative study comparing archival teacher learning logs of 15 teachers from 5 high schools with 2 questionnaires. The narrative findings from the learning logs were cross-checked through triangulation with the percentage data from a Likert-type scale and questionnaire to determine accuracy and reliability. Data indicated that professional development increased technology integration in a moderate way, whereas comprehensive integration will better prepare students for the future. The purpose of the white paper report was to encourage stakeholders to collaboratively discuss the needs of teachers and review strategies to meet the 21st century technology skills of students. Implications for social change are that high school stakeholders who read this white paper may be prompted to discuss options to equip students to use 21st century skills to address personal, local, and world issues.
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Cunningham, Matthew P. "Intergroup Relations in Inclusive Classrooms| The Development and Validation of the Intergroup Relations Classroom Environment Scale (IRCES)." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3718206.
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<p> Before the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975), most efforts to educate students with disabilities happened in isolation. Within the last 40 years, a growing number of districts and individual schools have experimented with inclusive models in hopes of successfully educating students with and without disabilities in the same classrooms; however, general education students still hold negative attitudes toward students with disabilities. The contact hypothesis of intergroup contact theory postulates that prejudicial attitudes toward out-groups can be alleviated if the following conditions are present in and around contact situations: equal status, cooperation, common goals, and institutional support. The purpose of this dissertation was to create and validate the Intergroup Relations Classroom Environment Scale (IRCES), a teacher self-report survey instrument that, within K-12 classrooms, measures the four aforementioned conditions along with two additional conditions that theorists have added to the original list. Data collected from an extensive review of the literature, focus groups with experienced K-12 teachers and administrators, and interviews with social and cognitive psychologists were used to generate scale items; exploratory factor analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized six-factor model and reduce the number of items; and, the IRCES subscales were correlated with other classroom and school environment scales to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Analyses resulted in a 43-item, multidimensional scale that theoretically and practically matches the six optimal contact conditions. The IRCES provides researchers, administrators, and teachers with further knowledge of how to create and maintain a safe learning environment for all students.</p>
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Brunkowski, Carol A. Fisher Robert L. "The effects of self-selected professional development on instructional practices." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3196659.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed May 18, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Robert Fisher (chair), Deborah Curtis, S. Rex Morrow. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-201) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Kim, Sungho. "An analysis of teacher question types in inquiry-based classroom and traditional classroom settings." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1979.
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This study examined the differences and patterns for three categories between an argument-based inquiry group and a traditional group over the period of the SWH (Science Writing Heuristic) project: (1) teacher talk time, (2) structure of questions (question types), and (3) student responses. The participating teachers were chosen randomly by a convenient sampling method because the data were collected previously from the SWH project. Each group had thirty teachers. A total of sixty teachers participated in the study. Student responses were part of the study to evaluate the effect of open-ended question types but students were not direct participants in the study. Each teacher was asked to send a recorded video clip of their class at the end of each semester (spring and fall) over two years. Each teacher sent four video clips for the project. A total of two hundred forty video clips was analyzed to gather the information regarding the three categories. The first category was teacher talk time. It was measured in seconds only when teachers interacted with students with the topic. The second category was the structure of questions (question types). It consisted of two question types (open-ended and close-ended). Under the open-ended question category, there were three sub-question types: (1) asking for explanation (AE), (2) asking for self-evaluation of reasoning (AF), and (3) asking for self-evaluation of others' reasoning (AFO). Under the close-ended question category, there were two sub-question types: (1) asking for factual information (AI) and (2) asking for confirmation (AC). Each sub- question type was counted numerically. The last category was student responses. Student responses consisted of higher-order thinking and lower-order thinking. Under the higher-order thinking category, there were three sub-types: (1) explanation responses (E), (2) self-evaluation of reasoning responses (SE), and (3) self-evaluation of others' reasoning responses (SEO). Under the lower-order thinking category, there was one sub-type: simple responses (S). Each sub type was counted numerically. Based on the descriptive results (the length of teacher talk time in seconds, the number of question types, and the number of student responses), repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to find any differences and patterns for teacher talk time, structure of questions and student responses between the treatment and control groups over the period of the project and across time (four different time points). The results showed that there were clear differences for teacher talk time, the structure of questions, and student responses between the treatment and control groups over the period of the project and across time. The treatment group teachers talked less and used more open-ended questions than the control group teachers. The treatment group students displayed more higher-order thinking responses than the control group students.
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Patet, Pradnya. "Rules in the kindergarten classroom : an ethnography /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152052/.
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Boynewicz, Kara, and C. Pickle. "Play, Move, Learn! How Early Movement Promotes Cognitive Development in the Infant /Toddler Classroom." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8356.
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Sproule, Olive Elizabeth. "The development of concepts of linear and quadratic equations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314224.
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Gibbons, Pauline. "Discourse contexts for second language development in the mainstream classroom /." Electronic version, 1999. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040203.155828/index.html.
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Ridler, Williams Catherine. "Is children's numeracy development related to communication in the classroom?" Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400323.
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Landín, Miranda María del Rosario. "Classroom Project: A Proposal Towards Teaching and Professional Development Innovation." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117263.
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An institutional policy that has generated collective work in the field of teacher's practice innovation and the training processes at the Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico, is the one called Aula Project (where Aula means Classroom). This project is a proposal based on three main axis: complex thinking; research and ICT. Inthe current document, I present an synthesis meta-reflexive originated from my experience in the implementation of the aforementioned project.<br>Una de las políticas institucionales que ha generado un trabajo colectivo para innovar la práctica docente y los procesos de formación en la Universidad Veracruzana México, es el llamado Proyecto Aula. Este proyecto es una propuesta basada en tres ejes fundamentales: el pensamiento complejo, la investigación y las TIC. En el presente trabajo procuro integrar una síntesis metarreflexiva originada desde mi experiencia en la implementación del Proyecto Aula.<br>Uma das políticas institucionais que tem genreado um trabalho coletivo pela inovação da pratica do ensino e os processos de formação na «Universidad Veracruzana de México» fica conhecido como o Projeto Aula. Este projeto é uma proposta que tem como base três eixos fundamentais: o pensamento complexo, a investigação e as tecnologias de informação e comunicação. O trabalha que lhe está sendo apresentado procura integrar uma sínteses metareflexiva originadadesde a minha experiência na implementação do Projeto Aula.
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Paul, Leonie. "The flying Classroom : Study trips in Education for Sustainable Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412668.
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Higher education in any area of sustainable development is increasingly seen as aremedy to solve the currently faced climate crisis. However, the complex,interdisciplinary, and even personal nature of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) questions the status quo of traditional pedagogic approaches and learningtechniques. Using the example of a study trip provider specialized in ESD, therelevance of experiential real-life studies in a foreign setting is investigated and theirpotential for Sustainability Education highlighted. An online questionnaire serves as afundament for understanding the impacts of multidimensional study trips regardingpersonal but especially professional choices. Data of more than 100 formerparticipants of sustainability-related study trips were gathered and evaluatedquantitatively as well as following a deductive analysis. Focus is drawn topro-environmental behaviors and beliefs that are potentially nourished by theexposure to natural treasures and first-hand expertise in Sustainable Development.The results of this study substantiate the great potential for knowledge transfer,behavioral changes, and shifts in mindsets based on experiential learning taking placein the context of traveling. Participants are encouraged and determined to follow acareer in sustainability after participating in the program. Half of the examined alumnigroup is already in a position that supports Sustainable Development in some form,leading to the overall success of the utilization of study trips in ESD, despite existingweaknesses.
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Hedberg, Sofie. "Storytelling and vocabulary development within the EFL-classroom in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35726.
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Due to our constantly evolving society and our opportunity to communicate across borders,English language learning is becoming increasingly important for the individual and his/herability to act and live in the world. The importance of learning English as a foreign language(EFL) is also emphasized in the Swedish curriculum, which further states that the teaching inthe lower grades of schooling should focus on communicative skills such as vocabularyacquisition. This is in line with previous research studies which describe that the knowledge ofvocabulary is main key to learn a language. Previous research studies have been done withinthis area of EFL teaching where storytelling has been used as a method for English vocabularyacquisition. The results of these research studies indicate that the storytelling method is verybeneficial to use within EFL teaching in the lower grades of schooling as it creates a teachingcontent familiar and interesting to the students. With the knowledge of the importance ofvocabulary acquisition and, the benefits the storytelling method can contribute with it isinteresting to further investigate how this method is implemented in a Swedish context. As ofthis, the main aim of this empirical study is to investigate how storytelling can be used as amethod for teaching English vocabulary to 1-3rd grade EFL students in Sweden and also, whatteachers think about this method.To collect data to this study six semi-structured interviews were conducted with 1-3rd gradeteachers in Sweden. The results show that the informants have an overall positive attitudetowards storytelling as a method to teach English vocabulary. Additionally, all teacher expressthat they use this method in their own EFL teaching but in various extent. The most interestingfindings were the different approaches the teachers use within the storytelling method and also,how the teachers support their students in order to enhance their comprehension of the teachingcontent. Future research within this area is needed and specifically within a Swedish context.More research on the storytelling method and its possibilities to EFL acquisition could strengthen the argument why this method should be used more frequently to teach vocabulary within EFL education in Sweden.<br><p>Engelska</p>
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Brennan, Susan A. "Differentiated instruction and literacy skill development in the preschool classroom." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Yemothy, Nicole Elizabeth. "Improving Educational Technology Integration in the Classroom." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/902.
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Teachers' ability to integrate technology is a topic of growing concern given the importance of technology and 21st century skills readiness in both academics and the global society of 2014. This study investigated the technology integration barriers that educators faced, the training the educators received, and support needs of educators at a large, prominent, 30-year old international school located in Central America offering grades Pre-K 3 to 12. The social learning theory of Bandura, the constructivist theories of Piaget and Dewey, and the technology constructionism of Papert provided the theoretical framework. The research questions focused on understanding technology integration by assessing key aspects of the teachers' technology proficiency and needs. A nonexperimental quantitative cross-sectional study design was used to examine the educational technology integration practices and deficiencies at the focus school. A Likert-style instrument, comprised of parts from 3 existing instruments, was completed electronically by 62 purposefully sampled certified teachers at the focus school. Descriptive statistics identified technology integration levels, training factors, and support needs of focus school educators. Correlational analyses failed to reveal any significant relationships between technology integration levels of the focus school teachers and the variables of interest: self-perceived barriers to technology integration, self-perceived confidence using technology, and participation in onsite professional development. In light of the survey findings, a 3-phase technology integration improvement plan was designed. The study yields social change for the focus school by improving their technology integration practices based on empirical evidence.
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Andersson, Catarina. "Professional development in formative assessment: Effects on teacher classroom practice and student achievement : Effects on teacher classroom practice and student achievement." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102394.
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The potential of formative assessment, evident in several research reviews, has raised the interest in many countries to invest in reform initiatives to develop its use. However, implementation of formative assessment is not straightforward and there is a lack of knowledge about how to design appropriate professional development. The intervention study presented in this thesis aimed to see if a random selection of teachers, participating in a professional development program with many contact hours and substantial support of an expert, implemented formative assessment in a way that increased their students’ learning in mathematics. It also aimed to examine the reasons for the teachers’ changes in their classroom practice. The twenty-two year 4 teachers attended a professional development program in formative assessment in mathematics. A mixed methods approach used classroom observations, teacher interviews, questionnaire surveys and student mathematics tests to investigate the effects on teacher classroom practice and student achievement. It was found that the teachers trained in formative assessment built on their previous formative classroom practice and added new formative assessment activities into their mathematics classroom practice to a level that had significant impact on student achievement in mathematics (p = .036, d = .66). The teachers developed their formative assessment practice in three dimensions: key processes in teaching and learning, agents in the classroom, and the length of the formative assessment cycle. The reasons for teachers ́ implementation of new formative assessment activities were well explained by the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Important aspects of the professional development program were: (1) A formative and process-oriented character; (2) Activities directly useable in classrooms; (3) Experience of using formative assessment activities; (4) Connection between theory and practice; (5) Time; and (6) Knowledgeable support. The thesis shows that it was possible to provide sufficient support to a random selection of teachers for them to develop their formative assessment practice in a way that improved student achievement. However, this thesis also indicates that it can be expected that teachers would need substantial time and support to achieve such developments in their classroom practice.
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Podhraški, Ivan Edward. "The professional development of teachers' classroom use of ICT through mentoring." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494623.
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This study is concerned with the effective mentoring of teachers. It is qualitative by nature and is organised as two case studies; the first being conducted in a primary school and the second in an inner city mixed comprehensive school. The study considers the process of mentoring as a mechanism to build on skills developed by New Opportunities Funding (NOF). It therefore considers the confidence and competence of teachers in using Information Communications Technology (ICT) in their teaching. Two main questions were posed: Can mentoring improve staff attitudes towards the use of ICT in the classroom? Can mentoring be used as a tool to enhance CPD in ICT and hence encourage staff to increase and develop their use of ICT in the classroom? Data was collected over a period of three years in the form of field notes, semistructured interviews, documentation, pupil group interviews, book scrutiny and classroom.
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O'Laughlin, Nancy J. "A professional development program for converting classroom courses into hybrid courses." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 143 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397911781&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bradley, Susan Talbird. "Promoting the Development of Positive Attitudes in a Culturally Pluralistic Classroom." UNF Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/114.
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This project addressed the following question: How can teachers promote positive attitudes in a culturally pluralistic classroom? The review of related literature revealed a shortage of both research and practical applications regarding multicultural approaches in the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to develop a curriculum which incorporated appropriate learning activities and strategies designed to enhance positive attitudes toward cultural differences in the elementary classroom.
The project was developed for third graders and goals which promoted a multicultural perspective were outlined. An attitudinal survey was developed and administered as a pre test to establish entry level attitudes toward diversity. Activities designed to facilitate the goal of the project were implemented during a six-week period. The attitudinal survey was readministered as a post test to assess potential changes in students' attitudes.
The data gathered was analyzed using comparisons of pre and post test responses. Positive movement occurred regarding each statement on the survey and ranged from negligible to significant. It was therefore determined that the unit of instruction fostered the development of more positive attitudes in a culturally pluralistic classroom. Other conclusions and recommendations were also included.
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Nye, Elizabeth. "Classroom behaviour management to support children's social, emotional, and behavioural development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cbf8fc9e-e095-42b7-a983-eedfdc407aa1.
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<b>Introduction:</b> Children's social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties are associated with reduced academic performance, stressed teacher-child relationships, and other negative academic and life outcomes. The Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IY TCM) programme is one intervention developed to address problematic behaviours via training teachers to use positive and proactive management strategies. The overall aim of this DPhil is to use the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management programme as a case study for applying mixed methods at the systematic review level to ascertain what is known about both the programme's effectiveness and how people experience the course, and subsequently to use the systematic review's findings as a springboard (rather than as an end goal) for more exploratory research into 'for whom' the programme might work. <b>Method:</b> Study One is a mixed methods systematic review of IY TCM. It applied multilevel meta-analysis to RCT outcome data and grounded theory meta-synthesis to interview and focus group data on stakeholders' experiences of IY TCM. Quantitative and qualitative findings were cross-synthesised and mapped using an integrative grid. Study Two moves the field forward by filling a gap in the evidence base, as identified in Study One. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with special educational needs coordinators (SENCos) across Devon, exploring the acceptability and appropriateness of expanding IY TCM to the subgroup of children with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools. Data were analysed thematically and mapped onto IY TCM content. <b>Results:</b> In Study One, nine studies reported across 14 papers met inclusion criteria for either quantitative or qualitative strands of this systematic review. Multilevel meta-analysis of RCTs (n=4) indicated that the programme produced teacher- and child-level results in the desired directions. Clear trends across all measured outcomes favoured the intervention group over the treatment-as-usual comparison. Qualitative meta-synthesis (n=5) illuminated a cyclical learning process and broader conceptualisation of teacher and child outcomes than was evident in the quantitative evidence. Notably, RCT data on teacher outcomes were limited to self-reported or observed behaviours, while teachers described other benefits from IY TCM including increased knowledge and emotional well-being. Cross-synthesis of findings from the two review strands highlighted harmony across the RCT and qualitative evidence but also a number of areas in which constructs that were prioritised by one type of research were not integrated into the other. Study Two generated classroom management strategies from SENCos, which aligned closely with strategies taught in IY TCM, indicating that IY TCM would be both acceptable and applicable (if not sufficient) for use when working with children identified with SEN and behavioural difficulties in schools. <b>Discussion:</b> Based on the positive effects of implementing IY TCM despite very few studies to power analyses, the programme appears to offer tangible benefits to both teachers and children. It is possible that results are underestimated due to limited types of outcomes measured and absence of experiential data from additional stakeholders (e.g., parents). Depending on current provision of special educational needs services, schools operating inclusion models are likely to find these strategies beneficial for children identified with SEN, and this subgroup should be explicitly examined in future IY TCM studies.
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Wanless, Rebecca Anne. "The Progression and Development of Community in a First Grade Classroom." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354680730.
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May-Garst, Kelle. "The importance of professional development for secondary content area classroom teachers." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2008. http://165.236.235.140/lib/KMayGarst2008.pdf.
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Valero, Alicia. "Emergent literacy development among Latino students in a rural preschool classroom /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Donovan, Samantha Jane. "Professional development supporting the integration of dance in the primary classroom." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16389/1/Samantha_Donovan_Thesis.pdf.
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In 2002, the Queensland Schools Curriculum Council launched the Years 1-10 Arts Syllabus as one of the eight Key Learning Areas. This syllabus requires primary teachers to provide arts learning programs in the areas of Dance, Drama, Media, Music and Visual Arts. This syllabus was a landmark for arts education in Queensland as it became a mandate for primary teachers to teach each strand of the arts. This move is one of many recent changes in arts education evident across the globe reflecting a common move towards a broad arts education in schools. In alignment with the mandatory requirement of the Years 1-10 Arts Syllabus, primary teachers are now required to teach Dance, a subject which most have had little to no training or professional development in. This thesis will explore the research question, 'Which strategies used in professional development build competence and confidence in primary teachers to integrate dance in the primary classroom?' Through a series of school-based professional development workshops conducted at two Gold Coast primary schools, the research project utilized an action research approach (Kemmis, 1988) to investigate the effectiveness of this professional development approach. After collating and analyzing the data gathered from these two research sites, a number of key themes emerged around the initial resistance factors to dance professional development and the integration of dance learning in the classroom as well as the impact and influence of this professional development on teachers' competence and confidence. The research identified a range of professional development strategies including learning experiences, structures, resources and conditions that have impacted on the effectiveness of this professional development. Some of these strategies are dance specific while others are more generic and have broader implications for the development and facilitation of professional development of Queensland primary teachers.
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Donovan, Samantha Jane. "Professional development supporting the integration of dance in the primary classroom." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16389/.
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In 2002, the Queensland Schools Curriculum Council launched the Years 1-10 Arts Syllabus as one of the eight Key Learning Areas. This syllabus requires primary teachers to provide arts learning programs in the areas of Dance, Drama, Media, Music and Visual Arts. This syllabus was a landmark for arts education in Queensland as it became a mandate for primary teachers to teach each strand of the arts. This move is one of many recent changes in arts education evident across the globe reflecting a common move towards a broad arts education in schools. In alignment with the mandatory requirement of the Years 1-10 Arts Syllabus, primary teachers are now required to teach Dance, a subject which most have had little to no training or professional development in. This thesis will explore the research question, 'Which strategies used in professional development build competence and confidence in primary teachers to integrate dance in the primary classroom?' Through a series of school-based professional development workshops conducted at two Gold Coast primary schools, the research project utilized an action research approach (Kemmis, 1988) to investigate the effectiveness of this professional development approach. After collating and analyzing the data gathered from these two research sites, a number of key themes emerged around the initial resistance factors to dance professional development and the integration of dance learning in the classroom as well as the impact and influence of this professional development on teachers' competence and confidence. The research identified a range of professional development strategies including learning experiences, structures, resources and conditions that have impacted on the effectiveness of this professional development. Some of these strategies are dance specific while others are more generic and have broader implications for the development and facilitation of professional development of Queensland primary teachers.
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Fittell, David. "Inquiry-based science in a primary classroom : professional development impacting practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37633/1/David_Fittell_Thesis.pdf.
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The critical factor in determining students' interest and motivation to learn science is the quality of the teaching. However, science typically receives very little time in primary classrooms, with teachers often lacking the confidence to engage in inquiry-based learning because they do not have a sound understanding of science or its associated pedagogical approaches. Developing teacher knowledge in this area is a major challenge. Addressing these concerns with didactic "stand and deliver" modes of Professional Development (PD) has been shown to have little relevance or effectiveness, yet is still the predominant approach used by schools and education authorities. In response to that issue, the constructivist-inspired Primary Connections professional learning program applies contemporary theory relating to the characteristics of effective primary science teaching, the changes required for teachers to use those pedagogies, and professional learning strategies that facilitate such change. This study investigated the nature of teachers' engagement with the various elements of the program. Summative assessments of such PD programs have been undertaken previously, however there was an identified need for a detailed view of the changes in teachers' beliefs and practices during the intervention. This research was a case study of a Primary Connections implementation. PD workshops were presented to a primary school staff, then two teachers were observed as they worked in tandem to implement related curriculum units with their Year 4/5 classes over a six-month period. Data including interviews, classroom observations and written artefacts were analysed to identify common themes and develop a set of assertions related to how teachers changed their beliefs and practices for teaching science. When teachers implement Primary Connections, their students "are more frequently curious in science and more frequently learn interesting things in science" (Hackling & Prain, 2008). This study has found that teachers who observe such changes in their students consequently change their beliefs and practices about teaching science. They enhance science learning by promoting student autonomy through open-ended inquiries, and they and their students enhance their scientific literacy by jointly constructing investigations and explaining their findings. The findings have implications for teachers and for designers of PD programs. Assertions related to teaching science within a pedagogical framework consistent with the Primary Connections model are that: (1) promoting student autonomy enhances science learning; (2) student autonomy presents perceived threats to teachers but these are counteracted by enhanced student engagement and learning; (3) the structured constructivism of Primary Connections resources provides appropriate scaffolding for teachers and students to transition from didactic to inquiry-based learning modes; and (4) authentic science investigations promote understanding of scientific literacy and the "nature of science". The key messages for designers of PD programs are that: (1) effective programs model the pedagogies being promoted; (2) teachers benefit from taking the role of student and engaging in the proposed learning experiences; (3) related curriculum resources foster long-term engagement with new concepts and strategies; (4) change in beliefs and practices occurs after teachers implement the program or strategy and see positive outcomes in their students; and (5) implementing this study's PD model is efficient in terms of resources. Identified topics for further investigation relate to the role of assessment in providing evidence to support change in teachers' beliefs and practices, and of teacher reflection in making such change more sustainable.
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Arsenault, Chelsea. "HOW WHITE TEACHERS’ IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT TRANSLATES TO CLASSROOM INTERACTIONS WITH MINORITY STUDENTS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edp_etds/80.
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Historically, research on racial microaggressions has focused on adult populations within clinical as well as work environments. The literature is just beginning to examine microaggressions within the K-12 education system and with younger populations. It is important to assess how racial microaggressions are impacting high school students given that research has indicated that this population is experiencing racial injustices. The perpetration of racial microaggressions is the basis for students’ discriminatory experiences within these institutions. This work has recently become even more necessary given that the high school student population is becoming increasingly racially diverse while our teaching population has remained mostly White.
The purpose of this study is to investigate how White educators’ White identity development translates to the racial microaggression commission in the classroom setting. This study took place across three public schools within the South United States. This study included five White educators and 25 of their non-White students. The educators were interviewed and a selection of their non-White students were surveyed. This data was then analyzed using Thematic Analysis (TA). TA was utilized to uncover where White educators were in their White identity development and to assess students’ experiences with racial microaggressions. This study explored White identity development using Helms’ (1990, 1995) White Identity Development model. Findings indicated that White educators were at various levels of their White identity development. The educators ranged from those who endorsed colorblind ideologies to those engaged in racial activism. The findings were structured into six overcharging themes: Adherence to Colorblind Attitudes, Initial Response to Emerging Awareness of Racism, Denigration of POC, Intellectual Understanding of Racism, Desire to Achieve a Nonracist Definition of Whiteness, Positive White Racial Identity. The student participants reported diverse experiences within the school setting. The results were organized into two overarching themes: Positive School Experiences and Negative School Experiences. Recommendations were offered for educator preparation programs, ongoing training for educations, as well as larger systemic alterations.
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Seibel, Heather Michele. "Growth mindset and fluency in the art classroom." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2273.
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This research explores the relationship between mindsets and divergent thinking skills. Specifically, the research questions sought to answer whether there was a positive association between a higher presence of divergent thinking skills and a creative growth mindset, as well as the impact environment has on creative growth. A total of 184 second and sixth grade students from a larger urban school district were surveyed. Data collection included: student surveys, two divergent thinking assessments, direct observation of the students and teacher notes. Results indicate most students identify with a creative growth mindset, but are lacking specific strategies to demonstrate creative growth. In addition, reflective survey results revealed the impact environment can have in helping students recognize and apply the specific strategies and characteristics highly creative people possess.
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Avery, Sonya Yvette. "Teachers' Stage of Concern and Self-Efficacy Regarding Teaching Students in an Inclusive Classroom." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3655.
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Federal legislation mandates inclusion of students with special needs in general classrooms. Teachers in the Shelco school system implemented this mandate to teach in an inclusive classroom given limited professional development, and a desire for more. To determine their preparedness to teach with inclusion, 44 general education teachers participated in this correlational study. Two surveys were administered: Teachers' Self-Efficacy Survey and Stages of Concern Questionnaire. Scores were combined to identify and recommend groups of teachers for differentiated professional development. Social constructivism, which focuses on how learning is affected by social concepts such as self-efficacy and concerns, was the theoretical framework. The research questions examined the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy (SE) and stages of concerns (SoC) about teaching with inclusion. Data were collected on teachers' education, inclusion self-efficacy, and stages of concern about teaching with inclusion. Correlations between means for profile scores, grade level, and building were used to define grade-level training needs. Spearman's correlations indicated a significant correlation between teacher SE and SoC (r = .36). Results for the first school sample indicated no significant correlation between teacher SE and SoC (r =.-18), while results for the second school sample indicated a significant correlation between teacher SE and SoC (r = .47). This study has the potential to contribute to positive social change by encouraging administrators and school leaders to design inclusion PD sessions that are differentiated according to general educators' specific SE and SoC scores.
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Zimmerer, Angela A. "Classroom websites an authentic way to integrate technology into the curriculum /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/AZimmererPartI2007.pdf.
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Haase, Wittler Penny S. "Development of an instrument to assist in defining student and teacher relationship rapport /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060103.
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Hardcastle, John. "Signs and classrooms : historical perspectives on the role of signs in human development, with particular reference to an urban classroom." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007380/.
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The role of language in development has been a central theme in post-war English. However, the European history of ideas about the role of signs has been insufficiently appreciated. I aim to enrich readings of contemporary urban classrooms by recovering something of this history. As the culmination of this work, I trace the story of a poem, written by a Black student in a London classroom, back into the history of discussions and debates that a class conducted with itself over five years. From perspectives provided by the history of ideas and recent work in social memory, I show how the student's representation of a childhood recollection (a visit to the site of a former plantation) was mediated and shaped by 'pedagogical artefacts'. I give a history of one such artefact as an instance of the role of signs in a contemporary classroom. A picture of language as human invention was drawn in the first instance during the European Enlightenment. From this picture a seminal theory about the role of signs in the mastery of mental operations emerged. On this view, memory and imagination depend upon signs. In the aftermath to the French Revolution, language was linked to conceptions of citizenship and human advancement. In Germany, the picture of language was redrawn in the light of Kant's epistemology, and connected to an educational ideal of selfcultivation. In the nineteenth century, 'cultural' psychology attempted unsuccessfully to combine a notion of signs in the development of higher mental functions with findings in experimental psychology. Subsequently, the introduction of a distinction between mental 'contents' and mental 'acts' fostered new research into the role of signs in consciousness. Concurrently, an ethical vision of symbolisation as the 'common ground' of humanity issued from a philosophy of symbolic forms. As a whole the thesis seeks to show the continuing relevance of this history.
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Seyed, Alavi Seyed Mohammad. "Language Development in Personal and Social Systems: Second Language Development from an Autopoietic Systemic Perspective." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37135.
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Over the past two decades, holistic and systemic approaches to second language development have begun to draw the attention of scholars in the field of SLA. These studies are primarily informed by complexity theory, which emerged from the general systems theory. General systems theory, however, has another important theoretical offshoot in social sciences, namely autopoietic systems theory. An investigation of conceptual tools drawn from the latter theory has been absent in the field of second language education.
This paper seeks to explore how systemic thinking has improved the field’s understanding of the complexity of the L2 development. It then explores the possibilities for incorporating autopoietic systems theory into complexity thinking to better understand the dynamics of L2 development at personal and social levels. Finally, it will highlight two insights from a systemic analysis of language development in L2 classroom groupings. These insights build on each other to describe L2 development from a systemic perspective. By exploring and bringing together these theoretical perspectives, this paper hopes to shed light on how complexity theory can provide a systemic description of L2 development.
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Avis, Holly Faye. "Effects of the Classroom-Assigned Tasks and Responsibilities Program In Middle Schools." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270480.
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<p> The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of classroom-assigned tasks and responsibilities in middle school classrooms. This mixed methods research study focused on perceptions held by students and educational professionals, both classroom teachers and administrators, of the classroom-assigned tasks and responsibilities program in relation to overall classroom environment, overall school environment, and students’ sense of connectedness to the school. Quantitative data consisted of secondary data obtained from a survey taken by students exposed to the program and students not exposed to the program. Student survey results were compared to determine if a difference of perceptions existed between the two groups. Qualitative data were collected from educational professionals via electronic surveys and face-to-face interviews. Participant responses were documented and analyzed. The quantitative data showed no significant impact of the classroom-assigned tasks and responsibilities program related to students’ perceptions; however, the qualitative data pertaining to educators’ perceptions of the classroom-assigned tasks and responsibilities program demonstrated a multitude of positive effects of the program. According to the qualitative data, students exposed to the program exhibited a multitude of positive changes, whereas students not exposed to the program did not exude beneficial changes. The researcher concluded that although the quantitative data could not support the effectiveness of the classroom-assigned tasks and responsibilities program, the qualitative data provided enough evidence to support the validity of the program. </p>
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Mekhitarian, Stepan. "Effective Instruction in the Blended Learning Classroom." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2016. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/465.
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With the growing prevalence of blended learning in classrooms across the country, the need for teacher training for effective blended learning implementation is critical. This research study focuses on the skills and training required to implement blended learning effectively. Observations of classroom instruction and professional development, surveys, and interviews with teachers and administrators added to an extensive literature review to inform training recommendations for school sites and teacher education programs. The results show that professional development is effective when it includes peer observations and collaboration, modeling of best practices, and the integration of blended learning programs with instructional practice. Individualized differentiation, constructivist learning opportunities, and strategic grouping are also key elements of effective blended learning implementation. With carefully planned professional development, teachers can use blended learning in the classroom to engage students and offer rigorous learning experiences that prepare students to be critical thinkers in school and beyond.
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Bouckaert-den, Draak Marina. "Teachers' development of critically reflective practice through the creation of classroom materials." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/teachers’-development-of-critically-reflective-practice-through-the-creation-of-classroom-materials(5a936812-cc24-475e-a408-289099f249b4).html.
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The research presented in this dissertation explores the interaction between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and the classroom materials they develop. It aims to illuminate the potential value of this creative process for teachers’ development of critically reflective practice (CRP). For many EFL teachers, materials are an essential part of their pedagogy. Despite the widespread availability of publications for this compulsory subject in Dutch secondary education, many teachers choose to supplement the coursebook with their own materials. A premise of this research is that the materials teachers develop embody their personal theories of action regarding EFL teaching and learning. These theories, consisting of espoused principles and principles-in-use, are conceptualised as the teachers’ pedagogic principles. Critical reflection may help teachers uncover their espoused and tacit principles with the aim to align them, and improve their teaching practice. The central question is: In what ways does classroom materials development offer teachers of English a tool for CRP? The research questions are addressed through a qualitative, exploratory, embedded multiple-case study approach. Four Dutch EFL teachers are considered as individual cases. The components of each case are analysed to present an encompassing view of the materials development process: reflective logs (creation), the materials themselves (product), and lesson observations (use) are supplemented with pre- and post-lesson interviews to complete data collection. Data are analysed through deductive and inductive within-case analysis and cross-case synthesis. Findings suggest that teachers’ pedagogic principles are multifarious, informed by practical and pragmatic considerations, and revealed at several points and in a variety of ways during the materials development process. Yet it is only when teachers engage in dialogue about them that increased awareness of these principles ensues. CRP may thus be stimulated by a critical friend, and the materials development process can provide an impetus for discussion and dialogue.
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Ohene-Larbi, Stephen. "Teaching of Civic Education in the Classroom-A Model for Reading and Writing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1450181615.
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Nelson, Amy L. "Building Community| Place-Based Curriculum in a Rural Secondary English Language Arts Classroom." Thesis, Minot State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265778.
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<p> Choosing curriculum is an essential part of what teachers do to ensure students are successful learners. Students in rural areas may feel many current educational practices are biased toward urban education or may not see the need for education in their lives. Connecting students to their “place” through place-based learning may help rural students become engaged learners and active community members. Place-based learning is a curriculum designed around the locations near students. Students help create the curriculum by using essential questions and inquiry. Although often used in science and social studies classrooms, place-based learning may be used in the secondary English language arts classroom. This study looks at the advantages and disadvantages of using place-based curriculum in a rural secondary English language arts classroom and determines what implications there are for using place-based curriculum as a regular aspect of the rural secondary English classroom. Using surveys, interviews, reflective student writings, and observational data of community members and students, this case study shows one rural secondary English language arts classroom’s place-based learning experience.</p><p>
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Mitchell, Michelle. "Teacher Self-Efficacy and Classroom Managment." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7701.
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When the classroom environment is safe, reductions in aggression and an increase in compliance with rules can be expected. Teacher self-efficacy is therefore likely to play a significant role in teachers’ participation in the change process of implementing strategies that assist with classroom management styles. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and classroom management styles (reward strategies, preventive strategies, initial corrective strategies, and later corrective strategies). Teachers’ characteristics such as age, gender, education level, years of teaching experience, grade level taught, and class size were also explored to provide insight on teacher training and professional development programs. Survey data were collected from 43 teachers in urban and rural area of West Tennessee. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated a correlation between teacher self-efficacy and the four classroom management styles while the linear regression model showed that teacher characteristics do not predict teacher’s self-efficacy. This study revealed that the practice of preventive strategies by teachers had a greater impact on teacher self-efficacy scores compared to other classroom management strategies (reward strategies, initial corrective strategies, and later corrective strategies). Findings reinforce that school climate plays a significant role in the professional development of teachers and their use of specific classroom management practices. Addressing the gap between teachers’ efficacy beliefs and classroom decisions could help school professionals to develop interventions to minimize this gap, which could, in turn, promote positive school outcomes, such as students’ behavior adjustment and academic achievement.
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Conroy, Arthur Thomas III. "Diagramming Prior Knowledge in the Classroom: A Case Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83831.
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Engaging the student's prior knowledge is considered by educational researchers to be an important part of constructing a strong foundation for new learning. Diagrams are one technique used in the classroom. Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon described the computational advantages of diagrams over text when used to communicate information in their 1987 article entitled 'Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words.' This case study describes a novel abstract diagramming technique facilitated in four separate university classroom settings. Using paper and crayons, the students created three diagrams that represented the externalization of their unconscious perceptions of their own prior knowledge. The study illustrates how differences in prior knowledge can be visualized using diagrams with greater speed in less time than the traditional use of text-based descriptions. The use of the abstract diagramming technique led to an unexpected finding. The student diagrams were shown to contain a hidden conceptual topology, one that is described by Egenhofer in his 1991 article entitled 'Reasoning About Binary Topological Relations.' This topology is recommended as a framework for structuring and facilitating student collaboration and sharing of prior knowledge and new learning. The present study recommends the diagramming technique as the basis for the establishment of a standard diagram research framework that can be used across multiple research disciplines and subject domains. This dissertation describes a domain-general abstract diagram technique that can be adapted for domain-specific subjects and made operational using basic materials (paper and crayons). The study also describes the instructors' responses to questions about the diagram technique used in their classes. The case study offers recommendations for future diagram research.<br>Ph. D.