Academic literature on the topic 'Classroom management. Secondary school teachers School discipline Education, Secondary School discipline'

This article describes a survey which investigated why teachers resigned from government secondary schools in Western Australia before they reached retirement age. All teachers who had resigned within a specific one-year period were invited to complete a survey which obtained information on demographic factors, work conditions, professional and career development, the effect of teaching on social and family lives, and relationships with parents, students, fellow teachers and administrative personnel. The findings suggested that male teachers who had resigned were more concerned with perceived discriminatory practices in the general management of the school than were the female teachers. On the other hand, female teachers were more concerned with the encroachment of teaching duties on their family and social lives, problems of classroom discipline and lack of administrative support. Both lack of administrative support with discipline problems and lack of effective school policies were cited by members of both sexes as contributing to their resignation, but to a greater extent with female teachers. The major causes of discipline problems were found to be the failure of students to do their homework and their general lack of motivation. One of the most significant findings was the perceived lack of competence of the principal in administrative skills such as decision making, staff support and general school management. For career-oriented teachers, the lack of promotional opportunities was given as the major reason for their resignation, while dissatisfaction with assessment procedures compounded this problem. Male teachers were concerned about perceived discriminatory practices by the subject superintendents. Constructive suggestions are put forward which point to ways of surmounting the perceived shortcomings within the government secondary school system.

This study describes public school secondary health education teachers’ support for professional development in the United States and the types of professional development activities in which they participated. Results were compared with public school secondary teachers of all other subjects. In addition, perceptions of professional preparation among newly hired health teachers and the types of professional support they received are described. Data were collected through the 2011-2012 Schools and Staffing Survey and included a nationally representative sample of public school teachers in the United States. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed that for nearly all types of professional support assessed, secondary health education teachers reported less support as compared with secondary teachers of all other subjects. Of the teaching skills questioned, newly hired health education teachers indicated they were least prepared in handling a range of classroom management or discipline situations and using data from student assessment to inform instruction. Moreover, newly hired health teachers were less like to participate in programs for beginning teachers as compared with their newly hired teaching peers. Using results from this study, recommendations concerning professional development support and activities among secondary health teachers and newly hired secondary health teachers are provided.

This study investigated the roles of school community relationship in the development of secondary education in Zamfara State. The population of the study consisted of all the principals, vice principals, teachers and PTA officials of the 89 senior secondary schools in Zamfara state. The research design adopted was descriptive survey and questionnaire was used in collecting data. Among the major findings of the study is that school community relationship is very significant in the development of secondary education in Zamfara State because it helps in the discipline of students, welfare of teachers, the planning of curriculum, information sharing and dissemination, provision of school facilities, finance, policies, security, management decision and in monitoring students' progress. It is also found resources which Zamfara State Senior Secondary classrooms, halls and lecture theatres, playgrounds, libraries, business centres, restaurants and/or canteens, furniture, parks and gardens and school farms. It is concluded that school community relationship plays a very significant role in the development of secondary education in Zamfara State. It is recommended that School principals should have some information about the composition of the community, what community opinion is regarding both broad educational issues and day to day operation of the school itself. And also school administrators should acquaint themselves with educational resources available in the community in order that they can be utilized to enrich and enhance the school programmes.

Multimedia technology (MT) is now widely used in primary and secondary classrooms and has excellent potential for environmental education. The discipline of Geography has strong synergies with environmental education. The paper uses the Q methodology to investigate the responses of pre-service geography teachers regarding the use of multimedia in environmental education (EE). The viewpoints of respondents were clustered into three broad perspectives relating to the use of multimedia: Perspective 1: the use of multimedia is regarded as valuable but difficult to apply; perspective 2: the use of multimedia is rewarding and practicable; perspective 3: the use of all types of multimedia is seen as highly valuable, although in the case of GIS the attitude is more equivocal. All three perspectives align with the idea that MT can improve EE, although the respondents suggest it cannot be a direct replacement for fieldwork. While all three perspectives are consistent with the view that multimedia teaching has many functional advantages in relation to environmental education, concerns are expressed regarding teachers’ capacity to fulfill its potential. The authors suggest that understanding these perspectives can help improve pre-service teacher education and advance environment education in middle school.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of school discipline in achieving academic performance. The study aims to clarify the role of permissive vis-à-vis authoritative teaching styles with an overarching hypothesis that better discipline leads to better academic performance. The authors also probe whether uniformed students have better discipline. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Programme for International Student Assessment data on school discipline dimensions: students listening well, noise levels, teacher waiting time, students working well, class start time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis on five geographic groups established by Baumann and Winzar (2016) was applied to test for geographic differences (Europe, Americas, Far East Asia, Rest of Asia, Anglo-Saxon cluster) in school discipline. ANOVA was further used to test for school discipline and academic performance. Third, t-tests on five discipline dimensions were run to test for differences between students who wear uniforms and those who do not. Findings – The results demonstrate differences in school discipline across five geographic clusters, with East Asia leading the way. The authors demonstrate significant differences in discipline for low, medium and high performing students. Peak-performing students have the highest level of discipline. Students wearing a uniform listen better with lower teacher waiting times. Originality/value – Students peak perform when teachers create a disciplined atmosphere where students listen to teachers, where noise levels in the classroom are low and they do not have to wait to start class and teach. Good discipline allows students to work well and this ultimately leads to better academic performance. Uniforms contribute to better discipline in everyday school operations. The findings support that in general, implementing school uniforms at schools might enhance discipline and allow for better learning. The authors recommend keeping uniforms where they are already used and to consider introducing uniforms where they are not yet common.

Investigations carried out in late 2001 in primary and secondary schools of Belgrade, Novi Sad and Nis comprised students, teachers and associates. The aim of investigations was to get insight into the state-of-the-arts problems and needs of our primary and secondary schools. The paper is a part of investigations, related to the results obtained for students' opinions of their interrelations with teachers as well as opinions of teachers themselves. The sample comprised 727 students of 4th grade of secondary vocational and high schools, 562 students of 8th grade of primary schools 168 secondary school and 107 primary school teachers. We investigated their interrelationships and within this framework the level of potential or current aggressive behavior. The majority of teachers (51%) estimated student-teacher relationships mediocre - neither good nor bad. The most frequent problem in students' behavior is, according to the teachers instruction disturbance. One-quarter of teachers find that students offend them, ridicule them, or mock at them in front of others, and 5 per cent complain of physical injury intimidation on the part of students. When a problem comes up, 18 per cent of teachers talk with a student, and nearly 10 per cent of teachers give lower grades in their subject, so as to punish a student for undisciplined behaviors. In teachers' opinion, society, school the least, is to be blamed for the situation.

Teacher's abilities to understand the benefits and use of media literacy play an important role in dealing with children as digital natives. Media literacy education can be an instrument through the use of blended-learning websites to address the challenges of education in the 21st century and learning solutions during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to figure the teacher's perspective in understanding media literacy as an instrument for implementing blended-learning in early-childhood classes. Using a qualitative approach, this study combines two types of data. Data collection involved kindergarten teachers, six people as informants who attended the interviews and twenty-six participants who filled out questionnaires. Typological data analysis was used for qualitative data as well as simple statistical analysis to calculate the percentage of teacher perspectives on questionnaires collected the pandemic. The findings show five categories from the teacher's perspective. First, about the ability to carry out website-based blended-learning and the use of technology in classrooms and distance learning is still low. It must be transformed into more creative and innovative one. Encouraging teacher awareness of the importance of media literacy education for teachers as a more effective integrated learning approach, especially in rural or remote areas, to be the second finding. Third, national action is needed to change from traditional to blended-learning culture. Fourth, the high need for strong environmental support, such as related-party policies and competency training is the most important finding in this study. Finally, the need for an increase in the ease of access to technology use from all related parties, because the biggest impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is on ECE, which is closely related to the perspective of teachers on technology. The research implication demands increase in technology systems and connections between educators, parents, institutional managers, and education policy holders, for ECE services in urban areas for disadvantaged children, and all children in rural or remote areas. Keywords: Blended Learning, Early Childhood Classroom, Media Literacy Education References Aktay, S. (2009). The ISTE national educational technology standards and prospective primary school teachers in Turkey. International Journal of Learning, 16(9), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v16i09/46607 Arke, E. T., & Primack, B. A. (2009). Quantifying media literacy: Development, reliability, and validity of a new measure. Educational Media International, 46(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980902780958 Briquet-Duhazé, S. (2019). Websites Consulted by Future Primary Level Schoolteachers in France: Differences between Students and Trainees. 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The objective of this study is to examine the primary school teachers’ the perceptions of discipline types they use for classroom management; and also to find out if there is a statistically significant difference between the perceptions of discipline types used in classroom management according to the demographic characteristics of primary school teachers.The research is prepared in accordance with the survey model. Population consists of primary school teachers working in İstanbul province in 2015-2016 academic years. As for the sample, it consists of 275 primary school teachers working in Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Başakşehir, Gaziosmanpaşa and Küçükçekmece districts in İstanbul province in 2015-2016 academic years. Data were collected through “personal information form” and “discipline types that teacher use for classroom management scale”. Data were analyzed with SPSS and frequency, percentage, t-test, Mann Whitney-U Test, Kruskal Wallis-H Test were used.As a result of the study, it was found out that the total perception of primary school teachers regarding the sub-dimensions of the types of discipline they use in classroom management, and their perception of the sub-dimensions of preventive discipline, supportive discipline and corrective discipline are at the level of “totally agree (always)”. In general, teachers use all three types of discipline in classroom management. It was seen that primary school teachers prefer most the preventive discipline approach in classroom management, which is followed by the supportive discipline approach. The types of discipline used by primary school teachers in classroom management do not vary significantly by the variables of gender, age, education status and professional seniority. The perceptions of the primary school teachers working at private schools of preventive discipline are higher than those of the primary school teachers working at a state school. Widowed teachers prefer the preventive discipline and corrective discipline practices more than single, married and divorced teachers. Teachers who worked at their school for 16-20 years prefer supportive discipline practices more than teachers who worked at their school for 1-3 years, 4-7 years, 8-10 years and 11-15 years. Teachers who worked at their school for 16-20 years prefer corrective discipline practices more than the teachers who worked at their school for 1-3 years, 4-7 years, and 8-10 years. Furthermore, teachers who worked at their school for 11-15 years prefer corrective discipline practices more than the teachers who worked at their school for 1-3 years.

We examined the effects of a teacher coaching program on discipline referrals using records from 7,794 U.S. classrooms in secondary schools. Some classroom teachers took part in a trial: They were randomized to receive intensive coaching in a focal classroom or to form a business-as-usual control group. The remaining teachers taught in the same schools as the teachers in the trial. Previous research suggested that the coaching program was associated with increasing equity in discipline referrals in focal, coached classrooms. The current study addressed whether effects found in the teachers’ focal, coached classrooms generalized to diverse classrooms in their course load. Results suggested that the coaching program had no generalized effects on reducing referrals with African American students or racial referral gaps in classrooms with coached teachers, relative to the control teachers and the other teachers in the schools. We offer implications for coaching programs and directions for equity-oriented efforts to reduce racial discipline gaps.

Student Council is a representative structure through which students in a secondary school become involved in school affairs. The study set out to investigate student council participation in the management of discipline in public secondary schools in Teso North Sub-County in Busia County, Kenya. The study sought to establish: the influence of student council participation in the formulation of rules and regulations on management of discipline, and the influence of student council involvement in formulating punishment on the management of discipline. The target population was 7379 students and 189 teachers and 27 principals from 27 schools. The research employed descriptive survey design using a random sample of 365 students, 18 teachers and 9 principals. This sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table of sample determination and using coefficient variation of 30% and a standard error of 2% through stratified simple random sampling technique. The data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire. The study established that schools involved students in designing punishment but students never took punishment positively and that common disciplinary problems experienced in schools was due to lack of students involvement. It was further established that students were haphazardly involved in the school management of students’ discipline. Thus the study recommends schools to empower students’ council in which students’ views and ideas are heard and discussed; Ministry of education to organize and offer seminars where school heads are well sensitized on involving students in school management.

The framework of this study was monitoring classroom management strategies and student behaviors in the classroom, then providing strategies and feedback to increase effective classroom management and decrease problem student behaviors. There were 15 evidence–based practices that were researched and used in the study. Specifically teachers were asked to focus on 5 of them. These practices were: using 5 positive feedback comments to 1 negative comment; having classroom rules and expectations that were posted, taught, practiced, consistent, and positively reinforced; using an attention getting cue that had been taught, practiced and positively reinforced; having continuous active supervision including moving and scanning; and managing minor problem behaviors positively, consistently and quickly. Teachers filled out a self–assessment tool on how well they think they implemented these strategies in the classroom, and then received coaching sessions on how to use them more effectively in the classroom. These coaching sessions were given throughout the study as teachers had days where they needed positive reinforcement themselves. The results of these coaching sessions and the use of the strategies are presented in this study.

The role of preventative management strategies in the development of discipline in the gymnasium and the classroom has been well established (Doyle, 1986; Siedentop, 1991). However, little research has specifically investigated the complete range of discipline techniques used by teachers to prevent misbehavior and to regulate it after its occurrence.
This study described the discipline techniques used by secondary physical education teachers and compared them to Henkel's (1991) Physical Education Pupil Inventory (PEPCI) developed for elementary teachers. Eight high school physical educators were observed for four lessons each and were interviewed following the observations. Discipline techniques observed and presented in interviews were analyzed by deduction into Henkel's PEPCI categories. The techniques that did not fit into Henkel's categories were inductively analyzed to identify any new categories emerging from the observation or interview data.
The results revealed that secondary physical education teachers used a repertoire of 32 discipline techniques including 21 techniques from Henkel's (1991) PEPCI. The only PEPCI technique that was not employed by secondary teachers was "physically reprimanding". The discipline techniques were divided into three major classifications: anticipatory, tutoring, and punitive (Henkel, 1991).

In school, science and literacy are often seen as separate entities. Science is frequently taught as fact-based, instruction-oriented, and free from biases and assumptions. Reading and writing, on the other hand, are often seen as personal, connected to cultural ideas and values, and more open to interpretation. In reality, neither are accurate, as both science and literacy are personal, connected to cultural values, as well as grounded in discipline structure and facts. One only has to look at critical issues, such as climate change, industrialization of food, and the mental health crisis to confirm that science is connected to people and their lives. Students, especially at the secondary and college level, are often taught, incorrectly, that science can be learned by following cookbook labs and memorizing facts. One powerful tool for teachers is strengthening the connections between science and literacy. Doing this supports students to challenge the ways they think about, learn, and do science.

The Australian Catholic University (ACU National at www.acu.edu.au) is a public university funded by the Australian Government. There are six campuses across the country, located in Brisbane, Queensland; North Sydney, New South Wales; Strathfield, New South Wales; Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT); Ballarat, Victoria; and Melbourne, Victoria. The university serves a total of approximately 27,000 students, including both full- and part-time students, and those enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Through fostering and advancing knowledge in education, health, commerce, the humanities, science and technology, and the creative arts, ACU National seeks to make specific and targeted contributions to its local, national, and international communities. The university explicitly engages the social, ethical, and religious dimensions of the questions it faces in teaching, research, and service. In its endeavors, it is guided by a fundamental concern for social justice, equity, and inclusivity. The university is open to all, irrespective of religious belief or background. ACU National opened its doors in 1991 following the amalgamation of four Catholic tertiary institutions in eastern Australia. The institutions that merged to form the university had their origins in the mid-17th century when religious orders and institutes became involved in the preparation of teachers for Catholic schools and, later, nurses for Catholic hospitals. As a result of a series of amalgamations, relocations, transfers of responsibilities, and diocesan initiatives, more than twenty historical entities have contributed to the creation of ACU National. Today, ACU National operates within a rapidly changing educational and industrial context. Student numbers are increasing, areas of teaching and learning have changed and expanded, e-learning plays an important role, and there is greater emphasis on research. In its 2005–2009 Strategic Plan, the university commits to the adoption of quality teaching, an internationalized curriculum, as well as the cultivation of generic skills in students, to meet the challenges of the dynamic university and information environment (ACU National, 2008). The Graduate Diploma of Education (Secondary) Program at ACU Canberra Situated in Australia’s capital city, the Canberra campus is one of the smallest campuses of ACU National, where there are approximately 800 undergraduate and 200 postgraduate students studying to be primary or secondary school teachers through the School of Education (ACT). Other programs offered at this campus include nursing, theology, social work, arts, and religious education. A new model of pre-service secondary teacher education commenced with the introduction of the Graduate Diploma of Education (Secondary) program at this campus in 2005. It marked an innovative collaboration between the university and a cohort of experienced secondary school teachers in the ACT and its surrounding region. This partnership was forged to allow student teachers undertaking the program to be inducted into the teaching profession with the cooperation of leading practitioners from schools in and around the ACT. In the preparation of novices for the teaching profession, an enduring challenge is to create learning experiences capable of transforming practice, and to instill in the novices an array of professional skills, attributes, and competencies (Putnam & Borko, 2000). Another dimension of the beginning teacher experience is the need to bridge theory and practice, and to apply pedagogical content knowledge in real-life classroom practice. During the one-year Graduate Diploma program, the student teachers undertake two four-week block practicum placements, during which they have the opportunity to observe exemplary lessons, as well as to commence teaching. The goals of the practicum include improving participants’ access to innovative pedagogy and educational theory, helping them situate their own prior knowledge regarding pedagogy, and assisting them in reflecting on and evaluating their own practice. Each student teacher is paired with a more experienced teacher based at the school where he/she is placed, who serves as a supervisor and mentor. In 2007, a new dimension to the teaching practicum was added to facilitate online peer mentoring among the pre-service teachers at the Canberra campus of ACU National, and provide them with opportunities to reflect on teaching prior to entering full-time employment at a school. The creation of an online community to facilitate this mentorship and professional development process forms the context for the present case study. While on their practicum, students used social software in the form of collaborative web logging (blogging) and threaded voice discussion tools that were integrated into the university’s course management system (CMS), to share and reflect on their experiences, identify critical incidents, and invite comment on their responses and reactions from peers.

Decoding the Disciplines is a methodology aimed to support teachers and students of University to tackle obstacles and difficulties in learning process. It is assumed that students come to classroom with different level of secondary school preparation and teachers are generally reinforcing the inequalities in principle deplored as form of injustice in our society. The question of giving tools that students need to succeed in our disciplines requires new strategies intend to make teaching effective in line with the development of the democratic vision of teaching. The methodology represents a dynamic sequence of steps based on the understanding of the content of discipline taught and learned. All disciplines are involved, humanities as well as sciences. Under the Erasmus Plus Programme some European Universities are collecting relevant evidences to understand what to teach about an academic discipline. Monitoring students' learning and motivation means to bring out the bottlenecks, which hinder the achievement of knowledge and slow down the learning process leading to failure. Presentation of initial results aims to share the benefits of this methodology able to guide students to master basic mental operations required in university courses. Decoding emerges as challenge and option for policy-makers of higher education.

Introducing students to engineering concepts in early education is critical, as literature has shown that students’ degree of comfort and acceptance of science and technology is developed very early on in their education. While introducing engineering as a potential profession in K-12 classrooms has its own merits, it has also proven itself to be useful as a teaching tool. Engineering can lend itself to concepts that can engage students in critical thinking, problem solving, as well as the development of math and science skills. In engineering higher education there has been an increased focus on industrial ecology and sustainability in order to help students understand the environmental and social context within today’s society. The authors of this paper discuss the importance of these attributes when introducing engineering to K-12 students. Engineering and sustainability are not two mutually exclusive concepts, but sustainability should be considered throughout the practice of the engineering discipline. The ADEPT (Applied Design Engineering Project Teams) program at the University of California, Berkeley was established to design and deploy a standards-based engineering curriculum for middle schools and high schools (grades 6–12) designed to integrate mathematics and science concepts in applied engineering projects, inspire secondary students, and strengthen the classroom experience of current and future faculty in math, science, and engineering. This paper discusses the importance of introducing engineering and sustainability in K-12 classrooms. Example modules that were developed through the ADEPT program are presented as well as a set of recommendations that were designed as a guideline for educators to incorporate engineering and sustainability in K-12 classrooms. While the module discussed here was designed for middle school students, the curriculum and criteria recommended can be adapted to primary and secondary education programs.