Academic literature on the topic 'Clastogenia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Clastogenia"
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Heindorff, K., R. Rieger, A. Michaelis, and S. Takehisa. "Clastogenic adaptation triggered by S-phase-independent clastogens in Vicia faba." Mutation Research Letters 190, no. 2 (February 1987): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(87)90044-3.
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Bryce, Steven M., Stephen D. Dertinger, and Jeffrey C. Bemis. "Kinetics of γH2AX and phospho-histone H3 following pulse treatment of TK6 cells provides insights into clastogenic activity." Mutagenesis 36, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geab014.
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Abstract The desire for in vitro genotoxicity assays to provide higher information content, especially regarding chemicals’ predominant genotoxic mode of action, has led to the development of a novel multiplexed assay available under the trade name MultiFlow®. We report here on an experimental design variation that provides further insight into clastogens’ genotoxic activity. First, the standard MultiFlow DNA Damage Assay—p53, γ H2AX, phospho-histone H3 was used with human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells that were exposed for 24 continuous hours to each of 50 reference clastogens. This initial analysis correctly identified 48/50 compounds as clastogenic. These 48 compounds were then evaluated using a short-term, ‘pulse’ treatment protocol whereby cells were exposed to test chemical for 4 h, a centrifugation/washout step was performed, and cells were allowed to recover for 20 h. MultiFlow analyses were accomplished at 4 and 24 h. The γ H2AX and phospho-histone H3 biomarkers were found to exhibit distinct differences in terms of their persistence across chemical classes. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified three groups. Examination of the compounds within these groups showed one cluster primarily consisting of alkylators that directly target DNA. The other two groups were dominated by non-DNA alkylators and included anti-metabolites, oxidative stress inducers and chemicals that inhibit DNA-processing enzymes. These results are encouraging, as they suggest that a simple follow-up test for in vitro clastogens provides mechanistic insights into their genotoxic activity. This type of information will contribute to improve decision-making and help guide further testing.
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Dokal, I., J. Bungey, P. Williamson, D. Oscier, J. Hows, and L. Luzzatto. "Dyskeratosis congenita fibroblasts are abnormal and have unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements." Blood 80, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.12.3090.bloodjournal80123090.
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Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, dystrophic changes in the skin and mucous membranes, and a predisposition to malignancy. The DC locus has been mapped to Xq28. The primary defect responsible for this disease remains unknown. We have studied four patients with this disease, three from one family and one from another. In all four patients, primary skin fibroblast cultures were abnormal both in morphology (polygonal cell shape, ballooning, and dendritic-like projections) and in growth rate (doubling time about twice normal). Fibroblast survival studies using four clastogens (bleomycin, diepoxybutane, mitomycin-c, and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide) and gamma radiation showed no significant difference between DC and normal fibroblasts. Cytogenetic studies performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes showed no difference between DC and normal lymphocytes with or without prior incubation with clastogens. However, bone marrow metaphases from one of three patients and fibroblasts from two of four patients (who were the eldest of the 4) showed numerous unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements (dicentrics, tricentrics, and translocations) in the absence of any clastogenic agents. Cell-specific differences and a higher rate of chromosomal rearrangements in the older patients appear to correlate with the clinical evolution of the disease. These findings suggest that the DC defect predisposes DC cells to developing chromosomal rearrangements.
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Grisolia, Cesar Koppe, and Célia Maria Torres Cordeiro. "Variability in micronucleus induction with different mutagens applied to several species of fish." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 1 (March 2000): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000100041.
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Fish are often used for screening genotoxicity of water. For such programs, a knowledge of the sensitivity to clastogens, spontaneous micronucleus frequency and cell cycle kinetics of the target tissue is necessary. To investigate the pattern of inter-specific sensitivity to micronucleus induction three species of fish, Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio, were exposed to the clastogens bleomycin (BLM), cyclophosphamide (CP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and mitomycin C (MMC). The binucleate/mononucleate ratio in peripheral erythrocytes exposed to cytochalasin B was also used to evaluate the time-dependent response of micronucleus formation during hematopoesis in the kidney and the micronucleus peak in peripheral erythrocytes. Micronucleus frequencies induced by CP were significantly greater than their respective controls for the three fish species throughout all treatment periods. During the whole evaluation period (30 days) CP was also the most effective clastogen. In general, until the 14th day of evaluation period T. rendalii was the most sensitive species to clastogens. No difference in micronucleus frequencies among species was observed in the 4th evaluation (at the 30th day). A micronucleus peak was observed at the 7th day after treatment. After the 14th day the frequencies were stabilized. The cytochalasin B experiment was carried out to demonstrate that micronuclei induced in the young kidney erythrocyte cells were detected in the circulating blood 2-4 days later.
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Hamada, K., T. Kumazaki, K. Mizuno, and K. Yokoro. "A small nuclear RNA, U5, can transform cells in vitro." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 10 (October 1989): 4345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.10.4345.
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Low-molecular-weight RNA exhibiting transforming potential was identified in chemically induced lymphoma cells by the transformation of mink lung cells after transfection. The RNA was sequenced by the direct chemical method and was shown to be a small nuclear RNA, U5. The transforming potential of the RNA was further studied in quantitative transformation assays using 3Y1, a rat fibroblastic cell line. Transformed foci appeared with a latency of 3 to 4 weeks after transfection. U5-transformed 3Y1 cells frequently carried an amplified c-myc oncogene. In addition, U5 induced chromosome aberrations in transfected cells, indicating that the RNA acts as a clastogen. Transforming and clastogenic potentials were specifically inactivated when U5 was incubated with RNase H in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide. We discuss a possible mechanism of U5-induced cell transformation.
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Hamada, K., T. Kumazaki, K. Mizuno, and K. Yokoro. "A small nuclear RNA, U5, can transform cells in vitro." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 10 (October 1989): 4345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.10.4345-4356.1989.
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Low-molecular-weight RNA exhibiting transforming potential was identified in chemically induced lymphoma cells by the transformation of mink lung cells after transfection. The RNA was sequenced by the direct chemical method and was shown to be a small nuclear RNA, U5. The transforming potential of the RNA was further studied in quantitative transformation assays using 3Y1, a rat fibroblastic cell line. Transformed foci appeared with a latency of 3 to 4 weeks after transfection. U5-transformed 3Y1 cells frequently carried an amplified c-myc oncogene. In addition, U5 induced chromosome aberrations in transfected cells, indicating that the RNA acts as a clastogen. Transforming and clastogenic potentials were specifically inactivated when U5 was incubated with RNase H in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide. We discuss a possible mechanism of U5-induced cell transformation.
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Dokal, I., J. Bungey, P. Williamson, D. Oscier, J. Hows, and L. Luzzatto. "Dyskeratosis congenita fibroblasts are abnormal and have unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements." Blood 80, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.12.3090.3090.
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Abstract Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, dystrophic changes in the skin and mucous membranes, and a predisposition to malignancy. The DC locus has been mapped to Xq28. The primary defect responsible for this disease remains unknown. We have studied four patients with this disease, three from one family and one from another. In all four patients, primary skin fibroblast cultures were abnormal both in morphology (polygonal cell shape, ballooning, and dendritic-like projections) and in growth rate (doubling time about twice normal). Fibroblast survival studies using four clastogens (bleomycin, diepoxybutane, mitomycin-c, and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide) and gamma radiation showed no significant difference between DC and normal fibroblasts. Cytogenetic studies performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes showed no difference between DC and normal lymphocytes with or without prior incubation with clastogens. However, bone marrow metaphases from one of three patients and fibroblasts from two of four patients (who were the eldest of the 4) showed numerous unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements (dicentrics, tricentrics, and translocations) in the absence of any clastogenic agents. Cell-specific differences and a higher rate of chromosomal rearrangements in the older patients appear to correlate with the clinical evolution of the disease. These findings suggest that the DC defect predisposes DC cells to developing chromosomal rearrangements.
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Mohanvel, Sucharitha Kannappan, Satish Kumar Rajasekharan, Trishna Kandhari, Balaji Prasanna Kumar Gopal Doss, and Yuvarani Thambidurai. "COW URINE DISTILLATE AS A BIOENHANCER FOR ANTIMICROBIAL & ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY AND REDISTILLED COW URINE DISTILLATE AS AN ANTICLASTOGEN AGENT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 10 (September 1, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.18879.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to prove that cow urine distillate (CUD) is a bioenhancer for antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative activity, redistilled CUD (RCUD) as an anticlastogen agent.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of rifampicin with CUD at different concentrations was determined against pathogenic Escherichia coli by well puncture method. The Penicillin and ciprofloxacin in combination with CUD at different/increasing concentrations against pathogenic E. coli culture were also determined by disc diffusion method. Sulforaphane (ACA) as an anticancer agent was extracted from cruciferous vegetables and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were treated with anticancer agents along with CUD in increasing concentrations. The anticlastogenic activity of RCUD in human peripheral lymphocytes was tested with clastogens such as manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium.Results: CUD showed to enhance the antimicrobial activity of rifampicin with 20 μl concentration by well puncture method; penicillin with increasing concentration of up to 80 μl and ciprofloxacin up to 80 μl, respectively, by disc diffusion method. The rate of degeneration of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was increased with increasing concentration of CUD. Clastogen (MnO2) of 10 μl with 200 μl of RCUD showed effective anticlastogenic activity in agarose gel electrophoresis as the activity of clastogen decreased with increasing concentration of RCUD.Conclusion: CUD acts as a bioenhancer to increase antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity. RCUD showed a high level of anticlastogenic activity toward clastogen. Thus, cow urine is found to have special properties that can be used in combination with different therapeutic agents to cure several diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, and cancer. Further in vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm its therapeutic efficacy
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van Beerendonk, G. J. M., S. D. Nelson, and J. H. N. Meerman. "Metabolism and Genotoxicity of the Halogenated Alkyl Compound Tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl)phosphate." Human & Experimental Toxicology 13, no. 12 (December 1994): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719401301208.
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1 The genotoxicity of the flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) was studied in vivo. Results showed that Tris-BP was highly clasfogenic, but it could only initiate a low number of preneoplastic foci in the rat liver in vivo. In Drosophila, Tris-BP could be classified as a cross-linking agent, because it was more clastogenic than mutagenic. The use of completely deuterated Tris-BP as a metabolic probe revealed that cytochrome P450 and most likely the formation of 2-bromoacrolein (2BA) from Tris-BP is important for the observed genotoxic effects. 2 In contrast to the high mutagenicity of Tris-BP and 2BA in Salmonella typhimurium, we were unable to detect an increase in mutation frequency of 2BA on the hprt locus of human TK6 cell line. In another system, using a shuttle vector modified with 2BA:DNA-adducts, also no increase in mutation frequency could be detected in human cells. This low mutagenicity of 2BA corresponds with its low mutagenicity in Drosophila and its low induction of preneoplastic foci in the rat liver. 3 Several DNA adducts of 2BA have been identified, including an unstable 3-(bromooxypropyl)thymidine adduct which has the potential to form cross-links and a cyclic 3,N 4-(bromo)propeno-deoxycytidine adduct which can possibly be involved in the clastogenicity of Tris-BP. 4 Taken together, these data indicate that Tris-BP and 2BA may not effectively induce gene mutations in eukaryotic systems, but rather be potent clastogens. Risk assessment of these and related compounds should therefore be based on the knowledge of clastogens rather than mutagens.
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Huang, ZH, N. Li, KF Rao, CT Liu, Y. Huang, M. Ma, and ZJ Wang. "Development of a data-processing method based on Bayesian k-means clustering to discriminate aneugens and clastogens in a high-content micronucleus assay." Human & Experimental Toxicology 37, no. 3 (March 15, 2017): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327117695635.
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Genotoxicants can be identified as aneugens and clastogens through a micronucleus (MN) assay. The current high-content screening-based MN assays usually discriminate an aneugen from a clastogen based on only one parameter, such as the MN size, intensity, or morphology, which yields low accuracies (70–84%) because each of these parameters may contribute to the results. Therefore, the development of an algorithm that can synthesize high-dimensionality data to attain comparative results is important. To improve the automation and accuracy of detection using the current parameter-based mode of action (MoA), the MN MoA signatures of 20 chemicals were systematically recruited in this study to develop an algorithm. The results of the algorithm showed very good agreement (93.58%) between the prediction and reality, indicating that the proposed algorithm is a validated analytical platform for the rapid and objective acquisition of genotoxic MoA messages.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clastogenia"
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Cunha, Regina Ayr Florio da. "Efeitos clastogênicos causados por vários sorotipos de Ureaplasma urealyticum e espécies do gênero Mycoplasma sobre culturas temporárias de linfócitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-16072008-160034/.
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Os efeitos clastogênicos causados por diferentes cepas Ureaplasma urealyticum e por cepas do gênero Mycoplasma foram avaliados \"in vitro\", utilizando-se culturas temporárias de linfócitos humanos. Inibições, total ou parcial da mitose foram produzidos pelos sorotipos II, III e X de Ureaplasma urealyticum, independentemente das concentrações dos inóculos de micoplasmas utilizados. Já os sorotipos I, VII e XII do Ureaplasma urealyticum, a cepa Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 e a cepa Mycoplasma pneumoniae foram influenciadas pela concentração dos micoplasmas. Mitoses alteradas foram observadas nas cepas Ureaplasma urealyticum VIII, IX e X. A maior frequência de alterações foram de gaps cromatídicos e quebras cromatídicas. Os resultados obtidos neste modelo experimental \"in vitro\" revelaram haver comportamentos diferentes entre os vários sorotipos de Ureaplasma urealyticum e entre espécies do gênero Mycoplasma. Essas diferenças observadas, \"in vitro\", poderão de alguma forma contribuir para melhor compreensão dos efeitos da colonização desses microorganismos em humanos.Clastogenic effect caused by different strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum and by strains of Mycoplasma sp were evaluated in vitro by using temporary cultures of human linphocytes. Mitotic inhibitions, either total or partial were produced by serotypes lI, III and X of Ureaplasma urealyticum, indenpendently of the concentration of microorganisms used. Otherwise, the kind of clastogenic effect of Ureaplasma urealyticum of serotypes I, VII and XII, Mycoplasma hominis strain 23144 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae varied with the different concentrations of these mycoplasmas used in the test. Mitotic alterations were observed in Ureaplasma urealyticum of sorotypes VII, IX and X. Cromatidic gaps and cromatidic rupture were the most frequent kind of alterations evidenced. The results obtained in the present in vitro experiment revealed that the occurence of different kind of clastogenic effect depends on the serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum and on the strains of Mycoplasma sp. The variability of the effect obtained will contribute to the better comprehension of the effects of colonization of these microorganisms in humans and stimulate future in vivo investigation.
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Whittington, Rachael Ann. "Diesel engine exhaust emission fractions : clastogenic effects in vitro." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2662.
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Despite being hailed as a green fuel, emissions from diesel engines including particulate matter (PM10 and PM 2.5) have been implicated in a range of adverse human health effects from lung and bladder cancers to premature mortality. In this study diesel engine exhaust emissions were collected from a light duty direct injection diesel engine on a standard test bed. Engine conditions of speed and load were altered to provide a set of total emission samples from over the engine's operating range. Diesel emission samples collected were fractionated on a silica column into aliphatic, aromatic, and polar groups of compounds, which were tested for their genotoxicity in the chromosome aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary CHO-KI cells both with and without metabolic activation (rat liver S9 fraction). The aliphatic fractions did not exhibit cytotoxicity up to the maximum concentration assayed, and one emission sample (3000 rpm speed and 5 Nm load) assayed for effect on chromosome aberrations was not clastogenic (up to 600 pg/ml). The aromatic fractions of all engine emission samples assayed and of the fuel were not clastogenic, but did show high levels of cytotoxicity at relatively low doses, raising concern that any genotoxic effect was masked by the toxicity of certain chemicals within the fraction. Further fractionation, using 1 PLC, was therefore performed which separated the aromatics into various ring sizes. Assay of the ring fractions showed evidence of increasing clastogenicity with increasing ring size, with the -1+ -ring fractions of both the fuel and one emission sample clearly clastogenic when assayed with metabolic activation (evidence of the presence of indirect-acting genotoxic compounds within both samples). The final fractions to be assayed, the polar fractions, were clastogenic when assayed both with and without metabolic activation. All seven fractions from emission samples collected over a range of speed and load conditions caused highly significant increases in chromosome aberrations at concentrations as low as 20 μg/ml. An engine running for less than 30 minutes at 1000 rpm speed and 55 Nm load (urban driving conditions for a heavily laden vehicle) would emit 148 mg of polar group compounds for every litre of fuel consumed. Polar compounds have been shown to be a highly mutagenic fraction of air particulate samples, and as diesel emissions contribute up to 80 % of the particulate matter in urban air in some areas, diesel emissions and the polar compounds in particular are of real concern to human health. 3
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See, Raymond Hugh. "Clastogenic activity in urine of individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26070.
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Epidemiological evidence suggests that many human cancers may be attributed to environmental factors. Since the number of chemicals introduced into the environment is increasing at an alarming rate, measures must be taken to reduce human exposure. There is thus a growing need for the development of relevant and sensitive procedures for monitoring human exposure to environmental carcinogens and mutagens. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the feasibility of using urine analysis to monitor individual exposure to pesticides. Pesticides are widely used chemicals in agriculture, and some are known to possess genotoxic properties.
In this study, urine samples were collected from 21 orchardists (all non-smokers) in the Okanagan Valley when they were engaged in the application of pesticides during the fruit growing seasons in 1984 and 1985. As controls, urine was collected from these same individuals during the pre-spraying as well as the post-spraying seasons. In addition, 18 individuals from an agricultural research station in the Okanagan region (including 16 non-sprayers and 2 sprayers) were recruited to provide urine samples during the same time periods as the orchardists. As controls outside the fruit growing region, individuals from Vancouver and Grand Forks, B.C. were recruited to provide one urine specimen for this study.
The urine samples were concentrated by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and then tested for their ability to induce chromosome aberrations (i.e., clastogenic activity) in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Furthermore, an attempt was made to examine the exfoliated urothelial cells for the presence of micronuclei as a potential in vivo indicator of damage by genotoxic constituents in the urine. Urine samples obtained from the orchardists 16 to 24 hours after pesticide application in 1984 resulted in levels of clastogenic activity undistinguishable from normal control limits. The failure to demonstrate increased clastogenic activity in the urine may have been due to (1) exposure to pesticides below the detection limits of the procedure, (2) the lack of genotoxicity in the agents sprayed, and (3) rapid pesticide metabolism and excretion in the urine.
In the follow-up study of 1985, all urine voids were collected on the evening of the day of pesticide spraying (i.e., within 8 hours of exposure). Using this sampling protocol, the assay results showed that (1) urine samples collected from the orchardists and the agricultural research station workers during the non-spraying periods revealed no significant difference in clastogenic activity compared to the reference control group from Vancouver and Grand Forks, and (2) clastogenic activity of urine samples collected during the spraying period in 1985 was significantly elevated for the orchardist group (P<0.001; Tukey's non-parametric multiple comparisons test) but not for the agricultural research station personnel. The high urinary clastogenic activity found for the orchardists was attributed to heavy exposure to pesticides during the mixing, formulation and application process and the lack of compliance by the sprayers to wear full protective gear in hot weather.
Cigarette smoking was another factor affecting urine clastogenicity together with pesticide exposure. Cigarette smokers from Grand Forks and the Okanagan agricultural research station demonstrated significantly higher urinary clastogenic activity than non-smokers (P<0.001; Mann-Whitney U test) . No dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and urinary clastogenic activity was evident for the group of smokers assayed.
All of the above effects were obtained without metabolic activation in vitro, suggesting that the clastogenic agents in the urine were direct-acting. In a large proportion of the urine samples tested, low but significant (relative to solvent controls) levels of clastogenic activity were observed in the urine of unexposed non-smokers, indicating the role of other factors in the appearance of urine clastogenicity. Urinary pH and creatinine did not differ among the study groups.
No data were obtained from the analysis of micronuclei in exfoliated urothelial cells. The scarcity of cells among the subjects made it difficult to determine the frequency of micronucleated urothelial cells.
On the basis of the present research, the monitoring of urine samples for genotoxicity appears to be a useful tool for assessing human exposure to environmental carcinogens and mutagens. Urine analysis is not only valuable in qualitatively demonstrating exposure to genetically hazardous agents, but is also a promising procedure for assessing the efficacy of preventive measures which are implemented to reduce further exposure.Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Sako, Kgomotso Bertha. "The clastogenic effect of adult Spirocerca lupi secretory products on murine fibroblasts." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46040.
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Spirocerca lupi (S. lupi) is a nematode that parasitizes vertebrates, particularly canids. In 25% of Spirocerca infections in dogs, nodules progress from inflammatory to pre-neoplastic and eventually to sarcomatous neoplasia within a few months. Researchers have postulated that the parasite itself induces the sarcomatous transformation through the excretory / secretory products (ESPs) thought to contain growth factor-like substances, possibly proteins and/or chemicals. With the mechanism of the sarcomatous neoplastic transformation being incompletely understood, the objective of this study was to investigate whether adult S. lupi parasite ESPs could induce proliferation (carcinogenicity) in primary mammalian fibroblast cell cultures. The adult S. lupi parasite ESPs were also investigated by chromatography for presence of potential clastogens.
The mammalian fibroblasts were harvested from Balb/c mice pinnae, prepared and maintained in-vitro using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and supplemented with 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS). Live adult S. lupi parasites were obtained from dogs at necropsy. The parasites were subsequently cultured in various media (RPMI 1640 Medium, Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, Ham’s F12 Medium and saline) and maintained at 37 °C in an incubator in order to obtain worm ESPs. The adult S. lupi parasite ESPs obtained from the culture media were extracted and dissolved in organic solvents (Ethylacetate, Methanol, Acetone and Hexane) at different dilutions (10, 20 and 30 μl) and exposed to the cultured fibroblasts. The ESPs extracted from media did not induce an increase in mitosis compared to the controls.
The ESPs were further analysed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-coupled mass-spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Chromatography revealed the Iscove’s media to be richest in worm ESPs. LC-MS/MS revealed nine compounds (301.3625 m/z, 400.2112 m/z, 450.8195 m/z, 464.8737 m/z, 538.1112 m/z, 580.2783 m/z, 594.2576 m/z, 660.5320 m/z, 682.5770 m/z) in adult S. lupi parasite ESPs, for which library comparison revealed to be proteins similar to those isolated from Nematostella vectensis, Caenorhabditis brenneri and Sus scrofa. The protein Caebren was also identified.
We conclude that the essential media (Iscove’s, DMEM, RPMI and Ham’s F12) do not contain the necessary nutrients required for the survival of the parasites. The media in which the parasites were incubated, whilst rich in compounds, were also unable to induce a direct clastogenic effect in cultured murine fibroblasts. As a result, it would appear that the neoplastic transformation induced by the parasite is not due to the excretion of simple clastogenic proteins or chemicals and more importantly, may actually be related to the parasite actively feeding. Further work is therefore required to ascertain the nutrient requirements of the S. lupi parasite, in order to study its clastogenic effect which seems likely to be of protein origin.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Paraclinical Sciences
MSc
Unrestricted
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TACHON, PIERRE. "Contribution a l'etude du pouvoir clastogene du peroxyde d'hydrogene et sa modulation par l'histidine." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077098.
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Les especes reactives de l'oxygene: anion superoxyde et peroxyde d'hydrogene sont impliquees dans un grand nombre de processus toxicologiques et pathologiques. Nous avons etudie, sur des fibroblastes pulmonaires de hamster chinois (cellules v79), la cytotoxicite du systeme hypoxanthine/xanthine oxydase, qui produit a la fois l'anion superoxyde et le peroxyde d'hydrogene et nous avons montre que celle-ci etait due essentiellement au peroxyde d'hydrogene. Puis, nous avons compare la capacite du peroxyde d'hydrogene a induire des degats sur le materiel nucleaire des cellules v79 (echanges de chromatides surs, micronoyaux et aberrations chromosomiques) avec sa capacite a induire la formation de cassures simple-brin sur l'adn isole. Nous avons observe qu'un acide amine present dans le milieu de culture: l'histidine, potentialisait l'effet clastogene du peroxyde d'hydrogene et nous avons montre que cet effet etait du a la formation d'un complexe metal-histidine. Nous avons ensuite etudie la production par le peroxyde d'hydrogene de cassures simple-brin sur l'adn isole en presence d'ions ferriques ou d'ions cuivriques et sa modulation par l'histidine. Nous avons montre que, dans nos conditions experimentales, le peroxyde d'hydrogene etait capable de reduire les ions ferriques ou cuivriques en ions ferreux ou cuivreux et que la potentialisation de l'effet clastogene du peroxyde d'hydrogene par l'histidine etait specifique du fer et fonction de la concentration d'edta. Nous suggerons que cet effet pourrait etre en rapport avec la formation d'un complexe binucleaire r - ferrique - oxygene - ferreux - r, impliquant un residu histidine
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Augusto, Lia Giraldo da Silva. "Exposição ocupacional e organoclorados em industria quimica de Cubatão - Estado de São Paulo : avaliação do efeito clastogenico pelo teste de Micronucleos." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308627.
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Orientador: Carmino Antonio de SouzaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Inicialmente se caracterizou a exposição ocupacional ao conjunto de organoclorados produzidos pela Unidade Química de Cubatão-UQC, que funcionou, de 1967 a 1993, produzindo tetracloreto de carbono e percloroetileno, cujo resíduo de fabricação era o hexaclorobenzeno-HCB. Até 1976, a empresa produziu, também, o pentaclorofenol. Em 1992, o Programa de Saúde do Trabalhador de Santos, da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, avaliou clinicamente vinte e um (21) homens dessa fábrica, dos quais, cinco (5) apresentavam esteatose hepática. A partir desta constatação, iniciou-se, no HEMOCENTRO da Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, uma avaliação sistemática de funcionários e ex-funcionários daquela empresa, dentro do "Projeto Integrado de Estudo da Hemotoxicidade do Benzeno e Pesticidas". O ambiente da UQC foi interditado por medida judicial em junho de 1993. Nesse momento, a empresa contava com cerca de cento e cinqüenta (150) funcionários, diretamente empregados O hexaclorobenzeno, por ser bioacumulado no organismo humano e ter lenta excreção, foi utilizado como indicador biológico de exposição ao conjunto de organoclorados da UQC. Os níveis séricos de HCB foram determinados no Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, Seção de Aditivos e Pesticidas Residuais. Foram comparados os níveis séricos de HCB de cento e setenta e nove (179) funcionários e ex-funcionários, dez (10) empregados de empreiteiras na área da UQC, dezoito (18) familiares de funcionários e trinta e seis (36) empregados de outras empresas do parque industrial de Cubatão: os funcionários e ex-funcionários da UQC mostraram ter níveis séricos de HCB significativamente maior do que os não funcionários. Dos cento e setenta e nove (179) funcionários e ex-funcionários, oitenta e cinco (85) foram avaliados clínica e toxicologicamente. O nível sérico de HCB mostrou, nesses casos, uma correlação positiva significante em relação ao tempo de trabalho na empresa. Embora haja um risco generalizado de exposição aos organoclorados na UQC, os setores de produção mostraram ser os de maior risco. Foi possível definir um gradiente de risco ocupacional e ambiental dentro da empresa. Para avaliar o efeito clastogênico da exposição ocupacional aos organociorados no interior da UQC, foi realizado o teste de micronúcleos, utilizando-se linfócitos periféricos estimulados pela fitoemaglutinina, com citocinese bloqueada pela citocalasina B. O método foi padronizado no laboratório de histocompatabiüdade-HLA, do HEMOCENTRO da UNICAMP. Foram avaliados quarenta e um (41) homens expostos a organociorados da UQC e vinte e oito (28) controles, no período de 1993 a 1994 Observou-se um aumento significativo na freqüência de micronúcleos nos expostos quando comparados com os controles A freqüência de micronúcieos não variou significativamente em função da idade, tempo de trabalho e dos níveis séricos de HCB. O hábito de fumar não interferiu na freqüência de micronúcleos, tanto nos expostos como nos controles O resultado da investigação mostrou que a exposição múltipla ao tetracloreto de carbono, percloroetileno, hexaclorobenzeno e pentaclorofenol, produziu um efeito clastogênico nos linfócitos periféricos de funcionários e ex-funcionários da UQC. A International Agency for Research on Cancer-IARC classifica estes compostos químicos como cancerígenos para animais e como é conhecida a associação entre agente clastogênico e carcinogênese, o resultado obtido na presente investigação é contribuição importante para o conhecimento do efeito clastogênico dessas substâncias, em humanos. Finalmente, foram também avaliadas as queixas clínicas dos indivíduos estudados e constatou que as principais foram; as neuropsicológicas (76,4%), osteomusculares (44,7%), gastrintestinais (42,3%), dermatologicas ( 38,8%), imunológicas (27,0%) e hepáticas (17,6%), confirmando os dados da na literatura especializada, sobre o dano à saúde, prdcados por essas substâncias.
Abstract: A study of occupational exposure to organochiorinated substances was initially carried out at chemical unity of Cubatão (Unidade Química de Cubatão-UQC). This industry operated from 1967 to 1993, producing carbon tetrachloride as well as perchlroethylene It is known that the residual waste of these agents is the hexachlorobenzene. Until 1976, this industry has also produced pentachlorophenol. But only in 1992 the occupational public health service examined 23 workers from UQC which five of them suffered from fat liver. Based on such important evidences, a research involving both workers and ex-workers was made at UNICAMP University. In June of 1993 the UQC area was isolated due to judicial measures. At the time, there have been a number of 150 employers working there It is known that hexachlorobenzene produces a biocumulative effect on the human organism and it also has the characteristic of being slowly excreted. Because such peculiar characteristic this substance was used as biological indicator in the measurement of the multiple environmental exposition at UQC. The serum blood levels of hexachlorobenzene were examinated at 'Adolfo Lutz Institute' in São Paulo. (Residual Pesticides Section). There had been checked and compared the serun blood levels of both 179 workers and ex- workers as well as 10 other workers from a Restaurant Services and Construction Company in the area of UQC and 18 relatives of UQC workers and another 36 workers from different industries of the specific area. The workers and ex-workers presented higher levels of hexachlorobenzene in their blood rather than those who were not employers of the UQC as well as their relatives. From these 179 (workers and ex-workers from UQC), 85 voluntary men taken under medical and toxicological examination. In all these particular cases, it seemed to have a very close connection between serum blood levels of HCB and the lenghth of exposure. Moroever, the manufacturing realms are considered to be of great risk, it was Although all of realms are considered to be of great risk, it was possible to stablish the different of risk both on occupational and environmental exposure at UQC. In order to evaluate the clastogenical effect of occupational exposure to organochlorinated substances at UQC the 'Micronucleus Test' was emplayed Such test consist of a process involving peripherical lymphocytes which are estimulated by phitohemoaglutinine together with blocked cytokinesis bv a cytocalasin B. This process was patherned at 'Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade-HLA' of the UNlCAMP's HEMOCENTRO. From 1993 to 1994, a number of 41 men were exposed to organochlorinated substances and 28 who were not exposed to the same substances were taken under examination. During that period it was observed an increase in the amount of micronucleus on those men who had been exposed to harmful substances. On the other hand, those men who hadn't been exposed, presented small amounts of micronucleus. The frequency of micronucleus didn't changed a lot despite the age, period of work or serum biood levels of hexachlorobenzene,. The habit of smoking didn't interfer with the occurrence of micronucleus in both exposed and not exposed workers. This research showed that a multiple exposure to carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol, produced a clastogenical effect on peripheral lymphocytes of workers at UQC area. These industrial agents are classified by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), as being carcinogenic to animals Il's also important to remember that clatogenicity is surely linked to carcinogenic effect.That is why this research should be considered as a useful contribution to the acknowlegment of the genetoxic effect of these compounds, concerning human beings. As a final step, the author assessed the main clinical complaints of all individuals taken under research were: neuropsychologic (76,4%); muscular-skeletal (44,7%); gastroentestinal (42,3%); dermatologic (38,8%), immunologic (27,0%), hepatic (17,6%) reinforcing the known data from the toxic effect from these substances.
Doutorado
Doutor em Clínica Médica
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Vale, Camila Regina do. "Avaliação da atividade tóxica, genotóxica e antigenotóxica de hymenaea courbaril l. em camundongos e drosophila melanogaster." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3252.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Hymenaea courbaril L. (Family Fabaceae), popularly known in Brazil as jatobá, is a tropical species that occurs in semi-deciduous forest of the South America. The species has been used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat arthritis, gastric dysfunction, inflammation and respiratory diseases. Due to the spreading use of this plant as a therapeutic resource and food, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxic, genotoxic, recombinogenic and antigenotoxic effects of Hymenaea courbaril sap (Hycs) using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. To evaluate the clastogenic and aneugenic activities by micronucleos test the animals were treated with 3 concentrations of Hycs (5, 10 and 15 mL/kg body weight). To evaluate the anti-clastogenic and anti-aneugenic activities, the animals were simultaneously treated with Hycs and mitomycin C (4mg/kg body weight). To evaluate the mutagenic and recombinogenic activities by SMART, three-day-old larvae derived from standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses were treated with 3 doses of Hycs (0.3, 1.5 or 3 mL) for approximately 48 hours. To evaluate the antimutagenic and antirecombinogenic activities, larvae derived from both crosses were cotreated with 3 doses of Hycs (0.3, 1.5 or 3 mL) and doxorubicin (0.125 mg/mL). Our results in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test showed that SHyc exhibited no cytotoxic, clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects, but showed anticytotoxic, anti-clastogenic and /or anti-aneugenic activities in mouse bone marrow. The results for the SMART test showed no mutagenic and recombinagenic effects, but antimutagenic and anti-recombinogenic activities were found in both crosses in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.
Hymenaea courbaril L. (família Fabaceae), popularmente conhecida no Brasil como jatobá, é uma espécie tropical que ocorre na floresta semi-decídua da América do Sul. A espécie tem sido utilizada no Brasil para fins culinários e na medicina popular para tratar artrite, disfunção gástrica, inflamação e doenças respiratórias. Devido ao uso generalizado dessa planta como um recurso terapêutico e alimentar, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos tóxicos, genotóxicos, recombinogênicos e antigenotóxicos da seiva de Hymenaea courbaril (SHyc), usando o teste do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongo e o teste de recombinação e mutação somática (SMART) em Drosophila melanogaster. Para avaliar a ação clastogênica e aneugênica pelo ensaio do micronúcleo, os animais foram tratados com 3 concentrações de SHyc (5, 10 e 15 mL/kg de peso corporal). Para avaliar a atividade anticlastogênica e antianeugênica , os animais foram tratados simultaneamente com SHyc e mitomicina C (4mg/kg de peso corporal). Para avaliar as atividades mutagênica e recombinagênica pelo teste SMART, larvas de terceiro estágio provenientes dos cruzamentos padrão (ST) e alta bioativação (HB) foram tratadas com 3 doses de SHyc (0,3; 1,5 ou 3 mL), por aproximadamente 48 horas. Para avaliar a atividade antimutagênica e anti-recombinogênica, larvas provenientes de ambos os cruzamentos foram co-tratadas com 3 doses de SHyc (0,3, 1,5 ou 3 mL) e doxorubicina (0,125 mg/mL). Nossos resultados para o teste do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos mostraram que SHyc não apresentou efeitos citotóxicos, clastogênicos e/ou aneugênicos , mas apresentou atividade ancitotóxica, anticlastogênica e/ou antianeugênica em medula óssea de camundongos. Os resultados para o teste SMART/asa não demonstraram efeitos mutagênicos e recombinagênicos, mas a acão antimutagênica e anti-recombinogênica foi evidenciado em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster.
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""Avaliação da atividade clastogênica do resíduo catalítico industrial, por meio do bioensaio de micronúcleos com Tradescantia pallida cv. Purpurea"." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-04082005-131203/.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Clastogenia"
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Nahler, Gerhard. "clastogen." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 27. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_193.
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Tachon, Pierre, and Paolo U. Giacomoni. "Histidine: A Clastogenic Factor." In Light in Biology and Medicine, 211–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0709-9_28.
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Emerit, Ingrid, Arlette Levy, and Shahid Khan. "Superoxide Generation by Clastogenic Factors." In Free Radicals, Lipoproteins, and Membrane Lipids, 99–104. New York, NY: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7427-5_10.
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Lo, Shyh-Ching. "Apoptotic, Antiapoptotic, Clastogenic and Oncogenic Effects." In Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas, 403–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47606-1_18.
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Gebhart, Erich, and Ruben M. Arutyunyan. "Principles of Clastogenic Action and Its Estimation." In Anticlastogens in Mammalian and Human Cells, 7–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76229-1_2.
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Emerit, Ingrid. "Clastogenic Factors as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress." In Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants, 375–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2907-8_32.
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Emerit, Ingrid. "Clastogenic Factors, A Link Between Chronic Inflammation and Carcinogenesis." In Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection, 59–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6462-1_9.
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Emerit, Ingrid, and Jean-Noel Fabiani. "Clastogenic Factor in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Protective Effect of Allopurinol." In Oxygen Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 863–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5568-7_140.
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Bandyopadhyay, B., and A. Sharma. "Screening for Clastogenic Effects of Arsenicals on Plants In vivo." In Environmental Stress: Indication, Mitigation and Eco-conservation, 185–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9532-2_17.
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Ma, Te-Hsiu. "In Situ Monitoring of Environmental Clastogens Using Tradescantia-Micronucleus Bioassay." In In Situ Evaluation of Biological Hazards of Environmental Pollutants, 183–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5808-4_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Clastogenia"
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Guardado Yordi, Estela, Maria Joao Matos, Eugenio Uriarte, Amaury Pérez Martínez, Lourdes Santana, and Enrique Molina. "In silico study of new structural alerts of agents clastogenic." In The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-20-e021.
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Hightower, Erin J. "CLASTOGENIC FLOW AS A RESULT OF REACTIVATION OF AGGLUTINATED SPATTER." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281986.
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Guardado Yordi, Estela, Maria João Matos, Roxana Castro Pupo, Lourdes Santana, Eugenio Uriarte, and Enrique Molina Pérez. "QSAR Study of the Potential Clastogenic Activity of Phenolic Acids." In The 16th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-16-01035.
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Matos, Maria, Estela Guardado, Enrique Molina, Amaury Pérez, Lianne León, Lourdes Santana, and Eugenio Uriarte. "QSAR study of synthetic 3-arylcoumarins: in silico clastogenic prediction." In The 21st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-21-04821.
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Matos, Maria, Estela Guardado, Amaury Pérez, Lianne León, Enrique Molina, Lourdes Santana, and Eugenio Uriarte. "QSAR Model: Prediction of the Clastogenic Potential of 3-Arylcoumarins." In 3rd International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-3-04696.
Full textReports on the topic "Clastogenia"
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Buchholz, Bruce A. Mechanism for Clastogenic Activity of Naphthalene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226965.
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Buchholz, Bruce A. Mechanism for Clastogenic Activity of Naphthalene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1281678.
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Buchholz, B. A. Mechanism for Clastogenic Activity of Naphthalene. Quarterly Technical Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1239176.
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