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Journal articles on the topic 'Claudius family'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

SHIN, Myongjoo. "Between Disability and Illness in Ancient Rome - The Case of Emperor Claudius." Korean Journal of Medical History 34, no. 1 (2025): 249–78. https://doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2025.34.249.

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Claudius, the fourth emperor of Rome, suffered from multiple health issues, including an unsteady gait, persistent tremors in his arms and head, and a speech impediment that caused him to stutter and mispronounce words since childhood. Despite possessing average or even above-average intellectual abilities, he was considered unfit for public office (cursus honorum) due to these physical conditions.</br>Based on remaining historical records, modern scholars have proposed several possible diagnoses, including cerebral palsy, dystonia, transverse myelitis, or Tourette syndrome. While earlie

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2

Mirolyubov, Ivan. "GENEALOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF EMPEROR CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND THEIR PERCEPTION WITHIN HIS FAMILY." Odysseus. Man in History 32-33, no. 1-2 (2024): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/1607-6184-2024-32-33-1-2-2.

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The House of Constantine the Great is one of the most significant imperial dynasties in the history of the Roman Empire. The history of this dynasty begins with the reign of Emperor Constantius Chlorus (reigned 293–305 AD), but his son Constantine in 310 AD announced that the ancestor of the family was Emperor Claudius Gothicus (reigned 268–270). Most modern researchers consider this genealogical construction a fiction. The study of the reasons that prompted Constantine to choose this "ancestor", as well as the means by which the emperor reinforced this genealogical scheme, comes to the fore.

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Camargo, Carlos Henrique Ferreira, and Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive. "Searching for neurological diseases in the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the Roman Empire." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 76, no. 1 (2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20170174.

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ABSTRACT The gens Julia was one of the oldest families in ancient Rome, whose members reached the highest positions of power. They made history because Julius Caesar, perpetual dictator, great-uncle of the first emperor, Augustus, passed his name on to the Julio-Claudian dynasty with the emperors Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. Descriptions of the diseases of these emperors and some of his family members may indicate diagnoses such as epilepsy, dystonia, dementia, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, peripheral neuropathies, dyslexia, migraine and sleep disorders. In the historical context of a

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Stavek, Jiri. "Trigonometric Functions at a Crossroads." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 3 (2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n3p40.

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In the history of physics trigonometric functions played several times a very critical role at crossroads. This time we are at a crossroads with the interpretation of correlation events of entangled particles. In this approach we propose to describe the experimental data of Alice and Bob using not so known trigonometric functions. Claudius Theorem (based on the trigonometric family of Sagitta and Cosagitta) evalutes the probabilistic occurrence of correlated and anticorrelated events. David Theorem (based on the trigonometric family of Hacoversine) describes the probability of the following id

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Rich, J. W. "Drusus and the spolia opima." Classical Quarterly 49, no. 2 (1999): 544–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.2.544.

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According to Suetonius, Nero Claudius Drusus, the younger of Augustus' two stepsons, was said to have aspired to win spolia opima, that is, spoils taken from an enemy commander killed in battle. The aim of this paper is to consider what substance there may be in this claim and what light it may throw on Augustus’ relationship with the princes of the imperial family.

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LÓPEZ GÓMEZ, Helena. "Las últimas emperatrices julio-claudias: estudio de sus imágenes públicas." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 28, no. 2 (2022): 354–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2022-28-2-7.

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Despite the importance they had in their time, many of the women of the Roman imperial families share a bad image that continues to this day. The pejorative description, present in the accounts of ancient historians, has made these female characters largely unintelligible and it is practically impossible to reach an objective conclusion about their true role in history. The present article aims to offer an analysis of the images of the last empresses of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. We will focus on the wives of Caligula, Claudius and Nero by analyzing the literary evidence we possess about them

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Retief, Francois P., and Louise C. Cilliers. "Claudius, the handicapped Caesar (41-54 A.D.)." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 29, no. 2 (2010): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v29i2.8.

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Claudius, fourth Caesar of the Roman Empire, proved himself an able administrator, but physically and emotionally handicapped from birth. His parents, members of the imperial family, considered him mentally deﬁcient and he was isolated from the general public and put in the care of an uneducated tutor who ﬁrmly disciplined the youngster. The historians report that he had a weak constitution caused by frequent illness, and when he appeared in public he was mufﬂed in a protective cloak. To avoid possible embarrassment the ceremony of the toga virilis, at approximately 14 years of age, was a secr

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Rubel Parvez, Md, and Md Mehedi Hassan. "William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock: Procrastinator of ‘To Be or Not To Be’." Shanlax International Journal of English 11, no. 1 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v11i1.5279.

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This paper will explore the procrastination of the protagonists of William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and T.S Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. Both protagonists of Hamlet &The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock were in procrastination, The protagonist of “Hamlet” play is Hamlet who was informed supernaturally that his uncle Claudius killed his father and he was planning to take the revenge but was procrastinating to kill King Claudius. This thesis paper also demonstrates the conspiracy of the palace of Hamlet’s royal family. This play had a tragedy in the end. On the other hand, the

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Mancini, Willian, and Fábio Faversani. "Laudationes et Iniuriae: debate sobre um aspecto da construção da imagem do governante em Sêneca." Nuntius Antiquus 6 (December 31, 2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3636.6.0.28-40.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Aldine401BT-RomanA','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aldine401BT-RomanA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">ABSTRACT: The article aims to understand specific aspects of the </span><span style="font-family: 'Aldine401BT-RomanA','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Aldine401BT-RomanA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">relations between emperors and aristocrats, especially regarding the <

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McWilliam, Janette. "Family perpetrated and condoned violence in the education of male Greco-Roman children." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 66, no. 2 (2023): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bics/qbae016.

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ABSTRACT It is widely recognized that physical corporal punishment was experienced by many Greco-Roman children and youths when they attended schools. However, relatively little attention has been paid to family perpetrated or condoned violence that was directed at children with learning impairments. This study examines the role of physical, emotional, and verbal family abuse perpetrated by parents, relatives, and other members of the household, such as slaves and freedmen, in the education of males with learning impairments. It examines in detail the family abuse suffered by Kottalos, the son

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Anushka. "FILIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND REVENGE: A STUDY OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S HAMLET." International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME) 8, no. 1 (2023): 106–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8077263.

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“A little more than kin, and less than kind” rightly describes the filial relationships in the renowned play <em>Hamlet </em>by the father of English literature, William Shakespeare. This paper tries to underscore the portrait of family life which is dysfunctional and full of psychological dread, to say the least, with its characters spying on each other. None of the families presented here in this play enjoy anything like a harmonious co-existence, as they are caught up in all kinds of complex dynamics. One comes across the royal family of Denmark with Hamlet, his mother Gertrude,

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Flower, Harriet I. "The Tradition of the Spolia Opima: M. Claudius Marcellus and Augustus." Classical Antiquity 19, no. 1 (2000): 34–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25011111.

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This paper aims to reexamine how traditions about the spolia opima developed with special emphasis on two crucial phases of their evolution, the time of Marcus Claudius Marcellus' dedication in 222 BC and the early years of Augustus' principate, following the restoration of the temple of Jupiter Feretrius on the Capitol. In particular, I will argue that Marcellus invented the spolia opima, that his feat shaped the entire tradition about such dedications, and that this tradition was later enhanced and "reinvented" by Augustus, probably following upon renewed interest under Julius Caesar. Throug

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Sumi, Geoffrey S. "Nero and Britannicus in the pompa circensis: The Circus Procession as Dynastic Ceremony in the Court of Claudius." Klio 102, no. 2 (2020): 617–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2019-1008.

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SummaryAs part of the events marking Nero’s assumption of the toga virilis in 51 CE, he along with Britannicus led the circus procession (pompa circensis) in advance of games in the Circus Maximus. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct this pompa circensis, both in its processional elements and route through the city. The presence of potential successors along with images of the deified and honored dead of the imperial family shows how this ceremony evolved and expanded in the Principate to become a dynastic ceremony. The route of the newly modified pompa circensis, marked by monuments built

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Takmer, Burak. "Stadiasmus Patarensis için Parerga (2): Sidyma I. Yeni Yazıtlarla Birlikte Yerleşim Tarihçesi." Gephyra 7 (June 15, 2010): 95–136. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4769750.

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The contribution introduces six inscriptions, from a total of fourteen new inscriptions, providing information concerning the history of the city, its territory, prominent citizens who obtained Roman citizenship and the funerary architecture that is peculiar to this city. Before the author introduces these inscriptions, he provides the following four items: (I) urban topography and the monuments on surface, (II) the history of the settlement, (III) the Roman citizens before the<em> Constitutio Antoniniana </em>and (IV) the territory of the city. Accordingly, there is the Hellenistic-Classical

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Dircksen, M. "Tacitus se uitbeelding van Agrippina Minor." Literator 20, no. 1 (1999): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v20i1.455.

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Tacitus’ portrayal of Agrippina MinorAncient historiography has more in common with the historical novel than with modem historiography. The Annals of Tacitus should be seen as an artistic, narrative text which demands active participation by the reader in the process of interpretation. A narratological analysis of Tacitus' description of the life and death of Agrippina, mother of the emperor Nero, reveals a serious ethical reflection on the atrocities committed by the imperial family. Agrippina is characterised as an exceptionally strongwilled woman who had an immense influence on the Roman E

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Spawforth, A. J. S. "Families at Roman Sparta and Epidaurus: Some Prosopographical Notes." Annual of the British School at Athens 80 (November 1985): 191–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400007589.

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The purpose of this article is to correct and expand our understanding of an interrelated group of socially prominent families from Roman Sparta and Epidaurus. Part I publishes an inscription from Sparta, dating to about 240, which attests new members of the Spartan families of the Claudii and the Pomponii: respectively Claudia Tyrannis, a great-granddaughter of the senator Tib. Claudius Brasidas, and C. Pomponius Aristeas qui et Pericles, her husband. At the same time, a revised account is offered of the Claudii and of a further four Spartan families to which they were related: the Memmii, th

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Pająkowska‑Bouallegui, Anna. "Eusebia, Elena e l’imperatore romano Giuliano l’Apostata." Studia Historica Gedanensia 14 (December 21, 2023): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.23.004.18805.

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Eusebia, Helena, and the Emperor Julian the Apostate The Emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus, known to posterity as the Apostate, is an extraordinary figure in the history of the Roman Empire. And although he was Caesar for only five years (355–360), and Emperor for less than two years (361–363), he became famous as a wise and just ruler, a good commander, a brave soldier, and an efficient administrator. He was also a great lover of ancient culture and a talented writer. He left behind many official letters and literary works. His writings provide valuable information both about the Roman state

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18

Angelow, Susanne, Robert Ahlstrom, and Alan S. L. Yu. "Biology of claudins." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 295, no. 4 (2008): F867—F876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90264.2008.

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Claudins are a family of tight junction membrane proteins that regulate paracellular permeability of epithelia, likely by forming the lining of the paracellular pore. Claudins are expressed throughout the renal tubule, and mutations in two claudin genes are now known to cause familial hypercalciuric hypomagnesemia with nephrocalcinosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the physiological role of various claudins in normal kidney function, and in understanding the fundamental biology of claudins, including the molecular basis for selectivity of permeation, claud

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Agócs, Nándor. "Savariából jöttek." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 1 (2019): 100–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.1.7.

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Around one hundred inscriptions were recovered outside Pannonia mentioning people originating from Savaria. It is quite an abundant source group considsering there are currently 247 inscriptions that were recovered on Savarian territory. The presence of Savarians is attested earliest in the twin legions, the legio I Adiutrix and the legio II Adiutrix. These two legions recruited mainly from cities founded by Emperor Claudius and were transferred in Flavian times to Germania and Britannia respectively. Soldiers who were subsequently transferred to the cohors XIII urbana (and plausibly to the co

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Will, Constanze, Michael Fromm, and Dominik Müller. "Claudin Tight Junction Proteins: Novel Aspects in Paracellular Transport." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 28, no. 6 (2008): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080802800605.

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Claudins are essential components of the intercellular tight junction and major determinants of paracellular solute fluxes across epithelia and endothelia. Many members of this family display a distinct charge or size specificity, whereas others render the epithelium impermeable to transport. Due to intercellular localization, claudin-mediated transport processes are passive and driven by an electrochemical gradient. In epithelial tissues, claudins exhibit a temporal–spatial expression pattern corresponding with regional and local solute transport profiles. Whereas paracellular transport mecha

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Singh, Amar B., Ashok Sharma, and Punita Dhawan. "Claudin Family of Proteins and Cancer: An Overview." Journal of Oncology 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/541957.

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Tight junctions are the apical cell-cell adhesion that regulate paracellular permeability and are critical for epithelial cell polarity. Molecular architecture of tight junction has been studied extensively, which has confirmed that claudin family of proteins is integral component of tight junction. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is central to the cellular transformation and acquisition of metastatic potential; however, the role of claudin family of proteins play in a series of pathophysiological events, including human carcinoma development, is only now beginning to be understood. Several claudin

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Hommes, Margriet van Eikema, and Emilie Froment. "'Een doek van geene beteekenis' De nachtelijke samenzwering van Claudius Civilis in het Schakerbos van Govert Flinck en Jürgen Ovens technisch onderzocht." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 124, no. 2-3 (2011): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501711798264193.

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AbstractBecause of its extreme darkness, The nocturnal conspiracy of Claudius Civilis by Govert Flinck (16151660) and Jürgen Ovens (1623-1678) holds an isolated position within the decoration program with the Batavian revolt in the galleries of Amsterdam's former Town Hall. Of course the canvas depicts a nocturnal scene with light from only the fire and the moon, but in this painting the darkness dominates virtually everything. The rough, rather sketchy execution, whereby large parts of the canvas are left unpainted is also peculiar. Because of this appearance, some art historians have thought

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Cox, Kristin E., Shanglei Liu, Robert M. Hoffman, Surinder K. Batra, Punita Dhawan, and Michael Bouvet. "The Expression of the Claudin Family of Proteins in Colorectal Cancer." Biomolecules 14, no. 3 (2024): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14030272.

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Claudins (CLDN1–CLDN24) are a family of tight junction proteins whose dysregulation has been implicated in tumorigeneses of many cancer types. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN4, and CLDN18 have been shown to either be upregulated or aberrantly expressed. In the normal colon, CLDN1 and CLDN3–7 are expressed. Although a few claudins, such as CLDN6 and CLDN7, are expressed in CRC their levels are reduced compared to the normal colon. The present review outlines the expression profiles of claudin proteins in CRC and those that are potential biomarkers for prognostication.

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Muto, Shigeaki. "Physiological roles of claudins in kidney tubule paracellular transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 312, no. 1 (2017): F9—F24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00204.2016.

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The paracellular pathways in renal tubular epithelia such as the proximal tubules, which reabsorb the largest fraction of filtered solutes and water and are leaky epithelia, are important routes for transepithelial transport of solutes and water. Movement occurs passively via an extracellular route through the tight junction between cells. The characteristics of paracellular transport vary among different nephron segments with leaky or tighter epithelia. Claudins expressed at tight junctions form pores and barriers for paracellular transport. Claudins are from a multigene family, comprising at

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Salmin, Anton K. "HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC IDENTITY OF THE CHUVASH." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2020-4-139-146.

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The article deals with some issues of the ethnicity’s self-preservation in the space-time coordinates of history. Attention is paid to those significant milestones when an ethnic group and its leaders had to make fateful decisions. The author assumes that the concepts of «historical identity» and «ethnic identity» are closely related to the terms «ethnicity» and «ethnic self-awareness». According to the author, ethnic identity implies the connection of one’s «Ego» and «WE» with one’s history, traditions and language. The article provides a brief analysis to clarify the connection between the h

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Furuse, Mikio, Hiroyuki Sasaki, and Shoichiro Tsukita. "Manner of Interaction of Heterogeneous Claudin Species within and between Tight Junction Strands." Journal of Cell Biology 147, no. 4 (1999): 891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.147.4.891.

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In tight junctions (TJs), TJ strands are associated laterally with those of adjacent cells to form paired strands to eliminate the extracellular space. Claudin-1 and -2, integral membrane proteins of TJs, reconstitute paired TJ strands when transfected into L fibroblasts. Claudins comprise a multigene family and more than two distinct claudins are coexpressed in single cells, raising the questions of whether heterogeneous claudins form heteromeric TJ strands and whether claudins interact between each of the paired strands in a heterophilic manner. To answer these questions, we cotransfected tw

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Van Itallie, Christina M., and James Melvin Anderson. "The Molecular Physiology of Tight Junction Pores." Physiology 19, no. 6 (2004): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00027.2004.

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Tight junctions form selective barriers that regulate paracellular transport across epithelia. A large family of tetraspanning cell-cell adhesion proteins called claudins create the barrier and regulate electrical resistance, size, and ionic charge selectivity. Study of inherited human claudin diseases and the outcome of the genetic manupulation of claudins in mice, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans are furthering our understanding of paracellular physiology.

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Hana, Caroline, Nyein Nyein Thaw Dar, Michael Galo Venegas, and Michel Vulfovich. "Claudins in Cancer: A Current and Future Therapeutic Target." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9 (2024): 4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094634.

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Claudins are a family of 27 proteins that have an important role in the formation of tight junctions. They also have an important function in ion exchange, cell mobility, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the latter being very important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of claudins has been investigated to improve cancer outcomes. Recent evidence shows improved outcomes when combining monoclonal antibodies against claudin 18.2 with chemotherapy for patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting claudin 1

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Tanaka, Hiroo, Yasuko Yamamoto, Hiroka Kashihara, et al. "Claudin-21 Has a Paracellular Channel Role at Tight Junctions." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 6 (2016): 954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00758-15.

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Claudin protein family members, of which there are at least 27 in humans and mice, polymerize to form tight junctions (TJs) between epithelial cells, in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner. Claudins have a paracellular barrier function. In addition, certain claudins function as paracellular channels for small ions and/or solutes by forming selective pores at the TJs, although the specific claudins involved and their functional mechanisms are still in question. Here we show for the first time that claudin-21, which is more highly expressed in the embryonic than the postnatal stage

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Ogbu, Chinemerem P., Sourav Roy, and Alex J. Vecchio. "Disruption of Claudin-Made Tight Junction Barriers by Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin: Insights from Structural Biology." Cells 11, no. 5 (2022): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050903.

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Claudins are a family of integral membrane proteins that enable epithelial cell/cell interactions by localizing to and driving the formation of tight junctions. Via claudin self-assembly within the membranes of adjoining cells, their extracellular domains interact, forming barriers to the paracellular transport of small molecules and ions. The bacterium Clostridium perfringens causes prevalent gastrointestinal disorders in mammals by employing an enterotoxin (CpE) that targets claudins. CpE binds to claudins at or near tight junctions in the gut and disrupts their barrier function, potentially

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Colegio, Oscar R., Christina M. Van Itallie, Heather J. McCrea, Christoph Rahner, and James Melvin Anderson. "Claudins create charge-selective channels in the paracellular pathway between epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283, no. 1 (2002): C142—C147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00038.2002.

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Epithelia separate tissue spaces by regulating the passage of ions, solutes, and water through both the transcellular and paracellular pathways. Paracellular permeability is defined by intercellular tight junctions, which vary widely among tissues with respect to solute flux, electrical resistance, and ionic charge selectivity. To test the hypothesis that members of the claudin family of tight junction proteins create charge selectivity, we assessed the effect of reversing the charge of selected extracellular amino acids in two claudins using site-directed mutagenesis. Claudins were expressed

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Robertson, Susan L., James G. Smedley, and Bruce A. McClane. "Identification of a Claudin-4 Residue Important for Mediating the Host Cell Binding and Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 1 (2009): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00778-09.

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ABSTRACT The 24-member claudin protein family plays a key role in maintaining the normal structure and function of epithelial tight junctions. Previous studies with fibroblast transfectants and naturally sensitive Caco-2 cells have also implicated certain claudins (e.g., Claudin-4) as receptors for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). The present study first provided evidence that the second extracellular loop (ECL-2) of claudins is specifically important for mediating the host cell binding and cytotoxicity of native CPE. Rat fibroblast transfectants expressing a Claudin-4 chimera, where

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Capaldo, Christopher T. "Claudin Barriers on the Brink: How Conflicting Tissue and Cellular Priorities Drive IBD Pathogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (2023): 8562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108562.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by acute or chronic recurring inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, often with increasing severity over time. Life-long morbidities and diminishing quality of life for IBD patients compel a search for a better understanding of the molecular contributors to disease progression. One unifying feature of IBDs is the failure of the gut to form an effective barrier, a core role for intercellular complexes called tight junctions. In this review, the claudin family of tight junction proteins are discussed as they are a fundamental component of inte

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Yamazaki, Yuji, Reitaro Tokumasu, Hiroshi Kimura, and Sachiko Tsukita. "Role of claudin species–specific dynamics in reconstitution and remodeling of the zonula occludens." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 9 (2011): 1495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-12-1003.

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Tight-junction strands, which are organized into the beltlike cell–cell adhesive structure called the zonula occludens (TJ), create the paracellular permselective barrier in epithelial cells. The TJ is constructed on the basis of the zonula adherens (AJ) by polymerized claudins in a process mediated by ZO-1/2, but whether the 24 individual claudin family members play different roles at the TJ is unclear. Here we established a cell system for examining the polymerization of individual claudins in the presence of ZO-1/2 using an epithelial-like cell line, SF7, which lacked endogenous TJs and exp

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Anderson, James Melvin. "Molecular Structure of Tight Junctions and Their Role in Epithelial Transport." Physiology 16, no. 3 (2001): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2001.16.3.126.

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Tight junctions create a paracellular barrier with physiological properties that differ among epithelia. Among these differences are electrical resistance and discrimination for solute size and charge. Emerging evidence suggests that a large family of transmembrane proteins called the claudins create these variable properties.

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Ahn, C., D. Lee, and E. B. Jeung. "216 HORMONAL REGULATION OF CLAUDIN-4 TIGHT JUNCTION MOLECULE IN MOUSE PLACENTA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab216.

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Tight junctions (TJ) are composed of a branching network of sealing strands. TJ regulate paracellular conductance and ionic selectivity. TJ components include the peripheral protein ZO-1, junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) and the integral proteins such as occludin and claudin. Claudins are a family of proteins that are the most important components in the tight junctions. The established paracellular transport barriers that control transportation of molecules within intercellular space. The present study focused on the expression of claudin, suggesting as major working molecules in the parac

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Günzel, Dorothee, and Alan S. L. Yu. "Claudins and the Modulation of Tight Junction Permeability." Physiological Reviews 93, no. 2 (2013): 525–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00019.2012.

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Claudins are tight junction membrane proteins that are expressed in epithelia and endothelia and form paracellular barriers and pores that determine tight junction permeability. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this large protein family and discusses recent advances in our understanding of their structure and physiological functions.

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Daugherty, Brandy L., Madalina Mateescu, Anand S. Patel, et al. "Developmental regulation of claudin localization by fetal alveolar epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 287, no. 6 (2004): L1266—L1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00423.2003.

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Tight junction proteins in the claudin family regulate epithelial barrier function. We examined claudin expression by human fetal lung (HFL) alveolar epithelial cells cultured in medium containing dexamethasone, 8-bromo-cAMP, and isobutylmethylxanthanine (DCI), which promotes alveolar epithelial cell differentiation to a type II phenotype. At the protein level, HFL cells expressed claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-5, claudin-7, and claudin-18, where levels of expression varied with culture conditions. DCI-treated differentiated HFL cells cultured on permeable supports formed tight trans

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Khan, Niamat, and Abdul R. Asif. "Transcriptional Regulators of Claudins in Epithelial Tight Junctions." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/219843.

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Human gastrointestinal tract is covered by a monolayer of specialized epithelial cells that constitute a protective barrier surface to external toxic and infectious agents along with metabolic and digestive functions. Intercellular junctions, among epithelial cells, such as desmosomes, adherens, gap, and tight junctions (TJs), not only provide mechanical integrity but also limit movement of molecules across the monolayer. TJ is a complex structure composed of approximately 35 different proteins that interact with each other at the apical side of two adjacent epithelial cells. Claudin family pr

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Balkovetz, Daniel F. "Claudins at the gate: determinants of renal epithelial tight junction paracellular permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 3 (2006): F572—F579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00135.2005.

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The epithelial tight junction (TJ) is responsible for the control of paracellular transport between epithelial cells (gate function) and the maintenance of apical/basolateral polarity by preventing the diffusion of membrane lipids and/or proteins from one surface domain to another (fence function). Renal tubule epithelia in the mammalian nephron have TJs that determine paracellular transport characteristics. Paracellular transport across renal tubular epithelial TJs (gate function) varies in different segments of the nephron. A large family of recently identified TJ-associated transmembrane pr

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Colegio, Oscar R., Christina Van Itallie, Christoph Rahner, and James Melvin Anderson. "Claudin extracellular domains determine paracellular charge selectivity and resistance but not tight junction fibril architecture." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 284, no. 6 (2003): C1346—C1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00547.2002.

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Tight junctions (TJs) regulate paracellular permeability across epithelia and vary widely in their transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and charge selectivity. The claudin family of transmembrane proteins influences these properties. We previously reported that claudin-4 increased TER ∼300% when expressed in low-resistance Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells and decreased the paracellular permeability for Na+ more than Cl− (Van Itallie C, Rahner C, and Anderson JM. J Clin Invest 107: 1319–1327, 2001). In comparison, we report here that expression of claudin-2 increases TER by only

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Van Itallie, Christina M., Alan S. Fanning, and James M. Anderson. "Reversal of charge selectivity in cation or anion-selective epithelial lines by expression of different claudins." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 285, no. 6 (2003): F1078—F1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00116.2003.

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Tight junctions (TJ) regulate paracellular ionic charge selectivity and conductance across epithelial tissues and cell lines. These properties vary among epithelia, and recent evidence implicates the claudins, a family of TJ transmembrane proteins, as important determinants of both characteristics. To test the hypothesis that each claudin contributes a characteristic charge discrimination to the TJ, we expressed claudins-2, -4, -11, and -15 in both cation-selective Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells and in anion-selective LLC-PK1 cells and examined changes in transepithelial electrical

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Seker, Murat, Cármen Fernández-Rodríguez, Luis Martínez-Cruz, and Dominik Müller. "Mouse Models of Human Claudin-Associated Disorders: Benefits and Limitations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (2019): 5504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215504.

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In higher organisms, epithelia separate compartments in order to guarantee their proper function. Such structures are able to seal but also to allow substances to pass. Within the paracellular pathway, a supramolecular structure, the tight junction transport is largely controlled by the temporospatial regulation of its major protein family called claudins. Besides the fact that the expression of claudins has been identified in different forms of human diseases like cancer, clearly defined mutations in the corresponding claudin genes have been shown to cause distinct human disorders. Such disor

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Bruewer, Matthias, Ann M. Hopkins, Michael E. Hobert, Asma Nusrat, and James L. Madara. "RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 exert distinct effects on epithelial barrier via selective structural and biochemical modulation of junctional proteins and F-actin." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 2 (2004): C327—C335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00087.2004.

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Epithelial intercellular junctions regulate cell-cell contact and mucosal barrier function. Both tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) are regulated in part by their affiliation with the F-actin cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton in turn is influenced by Rho family small GTPases such as RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, all of which constitute eukaryotic targets for several pathogenic organisms. With a tetracycline-repressible system to achieve regulated expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells, we used dominant-negative (DN) and constitutively active (CA) forms of RhoA, R

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Gamero-Estevez, Andonian, Jean-Claude, Gupta, and Ryan. "Temporal Effects of Quercetin on Tight Junction Barrier Properties and Claudin Expression and Localization in MDCK II Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (2019): 4889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194889.

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: Kidney stones affect 10% of the population. Yet, there is relatively little known about how they form or how to prevent and treat them. The claudin family of tight junction proteins has been linked to the formation of kidney stones. The flavonoid quercetin has been shown to prevent kidney stone formation and to modify claudin expression in different models. Here we investigate the effect of quercetin on claudin expression and localization in MDCK II cells, a cation-selective cell line, derived from the proximal tubule. For this study, we focused our analyses on claudin family members that co

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Gamba, Gerardo. "Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 288, no. 2 (2005): F245—F252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2004.

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A recently discovered family of protein kinases is responsible for an autosomal-dominant disease known as Gordon's syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA-II) that features hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, accompanied by hypertension and hypercalciuria. Four genes have been described in this kinase family, which has been named WNK, due to the absence of a key lysine in kinase subdomain II (with no K kinases). Two of these genes, WNK1 and WNK4 located in human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively, are responsible for PHA-II. Immunohystochemical analysis revealed that

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Perez-Hernandez, Daniel, Lorena Suarez-Artiles, Mattson S. O. Jones, and Gunnar Dittmar. "Using PrISMa to reveal the interactome of the human claudins family." STAR Protocols 4, no. 4 (2023): 102549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102549.

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Kitajiri, Shin-ichiro, and Tatsuya Katsuno. "Tricellular Tight Junctions in the Inner Ear." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6137541.

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Tight junctions (TJs) are structures that seal the space between the epithelial cell sheets. In the inner ear, the barrier function of TJs is indispensable for the separation of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces, which is essential for the generation and maintenance of the endocochlear potential (EP). TJs are formed by the intercellular binding of membrane proteins, known as claudins, and mutations in these proteins cause deafness in humans and mice. Within the epithelial cell sheet, however, a bound structure is present at the site where the corners of three cells meet (tricellular t

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Du, Fangqian, Yuwei Xie, Shengze Wu, Mengling Ji, Bingzi Dong, and Chengzhan Zhu. "Expression and Targeted Application of Claudins Family in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases." Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Volume 11 (September 2024): 1801–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jhc.s483861.

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Li, Jiahua, Susanne Angelow, Anna Linge, Min Zhuo, and Alan S. L. Yu. "Claudin-2 pore function requires an intramolecular disulfide bond between two conserved extracellular cysteines." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 305, no. 2 (2013): C190—C196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00074.2013.

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Claudins constitute a family of tight junction transmembrane proteins whose first extracellular loop (ECL1) determines the paracellular permeability and ion selectivity in epithelia. There are two cysteines in the ECL1 that are conserved among all claudins. We hypothesized that these extracellular cysteines are linked by an intramolecular disulfide bond that is necessary for correct pore folding and function. To test this, we mutated C54 and C64 in claudin-2, either individually or together to alanine or serine, and generated stable Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) I Tet-off cell lines. Immuno

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