Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Claune'
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Deschamps, Claire. "Etude de l'expression de la molécule de guidage éphrine-A5 dans le cerveau de souris au cours du développement : implication dans la mise en place de la voie mésostriatale." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/2010/Deschamps-Claire/2010-Deschamps-Claire-These.pdf.
Full textNervous system activity depends on the establishment of a complex network of neuronal connections during embryonic and postnatal development. Understanding how these neural networks are established is a major focus of developmental neurobiology. Beyond its fundamental importance and given the significance of developmental mechanisms in the repair of adult neural circuits, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon guidance is necessary to understand the pathological conditions resulting from lesions or degenerative disorders of the nervous system. In the “Physiolopathologie des Troubles Neurodégénératifs et Adaptatifs” CNRS UMR 6187 laboratory, Prof. Afsaneh Gaillard managed to restore the nigrostriatal pathway in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by grafting embryonic cells from the ventral midbrain in the substantia nigra. This work suggests that guidance cues are present in the adult tissue and may help to repair this pathway. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in this pathological condition, we investigated the mechanisms of guidance of dopaminergic neurons arising from the ventral midbrain during embryogenesis and connecting onto the striatum. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of ephrin-A5/EphA5 guidance molecules. However, no functional role neither expression of these proteins have been demonstrated up to now. We then showed, using immunohistochemistry, that ephrin-A5 protein is widely expressed in the central nervous system of mice during development. We more particularly detected ephrin-A5 in the vicinity of midbrain dopaminergic axons in the thalamus, the ventral forebrain and the striatum. Moreover, we showed, that a proportion of dopaminergic neurons express the receptor protein EphA5. In addition, we observed, in stripe assay, that the purified protein ephrin-A5 has a repellent effect on dopaminergic projections. Finally, the study of ephrin-A5 knock-out mouse embryos exhibited a decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase (used as marker for midbrain dopaminergic neurons) expression in the substantia nigra. Overall, this study suggests that ephrins-A and particularly ephrin-A5 may participate in the axon guidance of the dopaminergic mesostriatal pathway. This led us to propose a new model of axon guidance of dopaminergic mesostriatal connections in mice, in which the repulsive interaction between ephrin-A5, expressed in the microenvironnement of dopaminergic fibers, and EphA5, expressed on midbrain dopaminergic neurons, participate in the maintenance of the rostro-ventral trajectory of this pathway and in the topographic distribution of dopaminergic projections onto the striatum
Al, Achkar Reine. "Clause de Hardship et clause d'amiable composition." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020023.
Full textDufour, Maxime. "Clauses contractuelles et non-concurrence : approche de droit des affaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0316.
Full textIn the modern world, to guard themselves from damage and to protect at best their economical interests, companies use contractual techniques developed by usage such as non-compete clauses,confidentiality clauses, non-reaffiliation clauses and non-solicitation clauses. These clauses cover many fields of contractual legality, mixing contract law, labor law and business law. Their aim is to prohibit the co-contractor to practice a professional activity, to disclose secret information, or even to employ specific colleagues, or contributors. Thus, they are brought to restrict a fundamental freedom, specifically the freedom of trade and of industry. As a result, it appears necessary to formulate a common legal system for all these clauses so as to preserve on one side the protection of the economic activity of the companies et on the other side the safeguard of the economic freedom of the co-contractors subject to these clauses. The benefit of a common legal system is the anticipation of the conditions of validity and implementation of this type of clause. In this way, the cocontractants will not lack in foresight. The development of this common right is in two steps. This includes confirming their autonomy relative to the contracts in which they may be inserted and draw the necessary conclusions regarding their validity. The second step is relative to the implementation of these clauses. Their application is sensitive because it depends for the most part on the precision of their content. In case of a breach of contract, a large array of legal remedies is available to the aggrieved contractor to penalize the breach of contract
Abou, Rawach Eid. "Recherche sur les clauses exonératoires de responsabilité dans les contrats du commerce international." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010278.
Full textDespite the significance of the exemption clauses in international transactions, the notion of such clauses suffers from great obscurity. In addition, there has been no unified criteria to determine the validity of these clauses. This question of validity is currently left to the authorities of national laws. The goal of study is to define the notion of the exemption clauses by setting a uniform criteria for these clauses. First, the study examines the difficulties surrounding this notion which arise from the existence of two different types of responsibilities as well as the existence of similar clauses that could be wrongly identified as exemption clauses. Second, the study evaluates the criteria used to determine the existence of an exemption clause. This criteria considers any clause that diminishes the contractual responsibility an exemption clause. This approach is criticised as it leads to an exaggerated enlargement of the notion of the exemption clauses and therefore causes many inconveniences. The study suggests a new criteria for the exemption clauses. This criteria can work as a uniform rule of international business law. Our criteria is based on the parties' intentions which can be uncovered from the contracual terms determining the feasible damages. For the question of the validity of an exemption clause, the study attempts to find the most suitable solution given the context and special characters of international business contracts. The study proves that the exemption clause is an essential part of the contractual equilibrium. Therefore, the criteria used to judge the validity of an exemption clause has to consider the effect this clause has on such equilibrium. The solutions of conflict of laws are also examined in order to determine the applicable law on the validity question. Moreover, the study investigates the role of public policy rules in preventing the applicability of certain exemption clauses
Serageldin, Sami. "Les clauses ayant effet à l'échelle des groupes de contrats." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30052/document.
Full textThe objet of this thesis is to create a method that could explain a phenomenon that has been observed by scholars and practitioners of law for decades; which is the extension end the transmission of certain clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Through this method one should be able, on one hand, to justify this phenomenon in regard to general principals of law and, on the other hand, to find an explanation for some necessary derogations to the Law.The first step in this thesis was to find answers for some basic questions about groups of contracts that have a direct impact on our subject. We have demonstrated that the fundament of contractual sets relies in the concept of “economy of contract”. Members of chain agreements and contractual sets should be considered as third parties in their mutual relationships. Direct action, which constitutes the dynamic face of chain agreements, could be analyzed as a multilateral set-off. In multiparty contractual sets, the set could not produce its effects in regard to its members unless it could be proven that the concerned member has knowledge of the existence of the other contracts forming the set and of the links between these contracts and his own one. Finally, in two parties’ contractual sets, it’s mandatory to distinguish between a real contractual set, and complex contract which is merely a contract written in several documents. We have proposed a chronological method to establish this distinction, taking into account the number of times the parties have exchanged their consent. After this preliminary part, we have studied precedents regarding the extension and the transmission of some clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Jurisdiction clauses and arbitration clauses are by far the most represented, but other clauses such as clauses of disclaimer of warranty, clauses of limited liability, clauses of waiver of action and clauses of non-competition are also sometimes extended or transmitted to other contracts and/or to other members in the group. Through an analysis of these decisions, we have shown that some of them didn’t have enough legal ground. Using those decisions that seemed to us well-founded, we have deduced a number of rules that could be applied for other cases of extension and transmission of clauses in groups of contracts.The rules that we have deduces from the study of the case law, together with the answers that we have provided for some preliminary questions in the first part of the thesis, have lead us to find the method we are looking for in this study.The first step in this method is to recognize the type of group of contracts involved: is it a chain agreement, a multiparty contractual set or a two parties’ set ?If it’s a contractual set between two parties, the first question should be to decide whether it’s really a contractual set, or if it’s a complex contract. If the group of contracts involved is a chain agreement or a multiparty contractual set, then one should wonder whether the doctrine of privity of contract could form an obstacle against the extension or the transmission of the clause. We have demonstrated in this thesis that article 1165 of the Civil Code is only applicable to clauses that contain an obligation. In order to qualify recognize clauses having an “obligational” content, we have proposed five fundamental elements. If the clause contains an obligation it could not be extended to the other members of the chain agreement or the contractual set. Otherwise, the clause is potentially opposable.There are only two exceptions to the doctrine of privity of contract. The first one, in chain agreements is the transmission of rights to singular successors. This exception could be justified by article 1122 of the Civil Code and by the concept of accessoire. The second exception could be seen in contractual sets where the binding authority of the clause could not be respected unless it is extended to certain third parties
Buijs, Michel. "Clause combining in ancient Greek narrative discourse : the distribution of subclauses and participial clauses in Xenophon's "Hellenica" and "Anabasis /." Leiden : Brill, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399290838.
Full textGosset-Bouessel, du Bourg Diane. "La clause." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G002.
Full textClause is a notion with many aspects. The various number of this type of contractual condition makes delicate its apprehension. This difficulty is amplified by the feeling that it provokes. It is suspected, in certain subjects, considering the contractual imbalance which it fathers. The clause is then supervised in order to solve the most significant contractual imbalance, but it is not systematically denounced. On the contrary, the efficiency of the condition is, for the other subjects, amplified. The autonomy of the clause towards the contract is henceforth dedicated. The systematic study of the clause by a functional approach renews the understanding of the notion. The clause is a particular accessory of the contract. It is neither totally dependent, nor completely secondary. Its secondary function authorizes the development of the compulsory effect of the clause beyond the primitive contractual circle. Understood as an instrument of the individualization of the contract, the clause allows to determine the type of the contract into which it fits. These two incidences let suppose that the principle of autonomy recognized for a clause is not the only reflection of the importance of the contractual condition. Consequently, the functional independence of the clause towards the contract can be widened
Zufelde, Sabine. ""Comment savoir?" - "Comment dire?" : metafiktionale, metanarrative und metahistoriographische Diskurse über Referenz und Repräsentation in Claude Simons Romanen "La Route des Flandres" (1960), "Triptyque" (1973) und "Les Géorgiques" (1981) /." Tübingen : Gunter Narr Verlag, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3233137&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textCorrea-Angel, Diana Ximena. "La stabilité juridique dans le droit international des investissements : étude sur le cadre juridique de l'investissement international." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020085.
Full textDiscussions of legal stability involve the notions of change and permanence; therefore, legal stability cannot oppose legal change. If nothing changed, there would be no need to talk of stability, and one would simply speak of intangibility, immutability or even of the eternity of the law. Through stability we seek to ensure two important legal values: the development of law and the principle of legal security. Stability is a central aspiration of every law. In the field of objective law, stability is protected in order to prevent a surfeit of laws, disorder in the legislative process and to facilitate the application of laws over time. In the field of subjective rights, it often exists in order to maintain certain specific legal situations and rights in spite of the passage of time. These aspects are reflected in international investment law through the legitimate expectation of legal stability. This being the case, so that such an expectation of legal stability be considered legitimate, there must be an explicit or implicit commitment by the State in this direction and investors must act diligently and in good faith. On the substantive side, it is also necessary that the investor does not expect the law not to change given that law evolves with time. Nevertheless, the investor can legitimately expect that regulatory changes be introduced in a predictable and non-arbitrary manner. Violation of legal stability by the State incurs international liability. Beyond these considerations, today legal stability faces a lot of challenges; the most important of which seems to be its emergence as a customary principle of international law
Pauly, Dennis. "Grenzfälle der Subordination : Merkmale, Empirie und Theorie abhängiger Nebensätze." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7027/.
Full textThis study focuses on so-called non-canonical or unintegrated clauses in German. These clauses cannot easily be categorized as either subordinate or coordinate by using classical criteria like the syntactic function or the position of the finite verb. In linguistics in general, this phenomenon has been discussed since the seventies (Davison 1979) and Fabricius-Hansen (1992) brought this topic to German linguistics. Apart from the mere identification of non-canonical clause types, previous studies mostly deal with classification approaches in order to be able to subsume at least some non-canonical clause types under the same category, see Fabricius-Hansen (1992) or Reis (1997). This study aims at providing an exhaustive classification of non-canonical clause types. In order to do so, I will first look at all potential diagnostics that could be used to distinguish between different clause linkage patterns. This needs to be addressed because most previous studies simply assume a certain set of diagnostics to be relevant and valid. Eventually, it will turn out that only a very limited number of criteria can serve as clear diagnostics with regard to a certain clause linkage status. After that, I will present a taxonomy of German clauses that is able to cover all non-canonical clauses only with postulating one additional subcategory. Furthermore, this classification is also able to cover the numerous cases of non-canonical clauses that show idiosyncratic behavior. Besides, I will further show how such a classification can address so-called secondary diagnostics. Finally, the previously established taxonomy will be embedded in a generative framework. By using HPSG and its default inheritance principle, it is possible to capture all non-canonical clause types within one simple classification.
Paul, Ileana M. "Malagasy clause structure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64636.pdf.
Full textShklovsky, Kirill. "Tseltal clause structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77801.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [191]-205).
This dissertation examines the syntax of clausal structure in Tseltal (Mayan) with a particular focus on agreement phenomena. The first domain of investigation is the External Possession Construction, in which the clausal agreement is controlled by a possessor of the internal argument, rather than the internal argument itself. It is argued that clausal (p-agreement can target nominals embedded in other noun phrases if the head of the embedding phrase incorporates into the verbal complex. It is argued that this type of long-distance agreement arises when other potential agreement controllers are evacuated or otherwise made unavailable. The second kind of long-distance [phi]-agreement investigated involves non-finite complement clauses. This portion of the thesis examines the relationship between case opacity, agreement, and Person Case Constraint (PCC). It is argued that an ergative language like Tseltal exhibits object-to-subject raising, the counterpart to subject-to-subject raising in languages like English. The distribution of non-third person objects in non-finite clauses is explained as a consequence of interactions between long-distance agreement and case opacity. It is argued that case opacity is subject to parametric variation, and that this variation predicts some of the ergative splits attested cross-linguistically. The final portion of this thesis considers the nature of ellipsis and polar answers in Tseltal. It is argued that in Tseltal only focus constructions can trigger ellipsis. In focus clauses, an XP constituent or a head in the extended VP is attracted to the left periphery of the clause. It is argued that the movement to focus position is mediated by agreement relations, although in contrast to the preceding chapters, the agreement relations considered here are not long-distance, and in some cases are very local. The case of maximally local agreement is argued to differentiate between the realization of narrow focus and broad focus in Tseltal
by Kirill Shklovsky.
Ph.D.
Paulin, Christophe. "La clause resolutoire." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10035.
Full textIn vertue of the article 1184 of the civil code, the contractor to whom the engagement is contracted has not been respected is forced to resort to the judge in order to be freed from his obligations. The practicle interest of the clause of termination for breach is to anable him to avoid the intervention of the court by obtening the law of resolution. But, the clause does not only distinguisch itself from the article 1184 by its working. It is a convention by wich the contract is resolute in case of violation by the debtor of his obligations. It is a mean to protect the contractor from a partner insufficiently diligent. Though the resolution appears as a private contractual sanction and which existence contributes to the respect of the obligations of the contract
Mathieu, Bastien. "La clause d'exclusivité." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000VERS008S.
Full textThe clause of exclusiveness is an old contractual institution, which remains however very current in the bisiness connections. It is however mainly in the field of the distribution of products or services that the clause of exclusiveness, very frequent, shows all its interest, its specificities but also its limits. The clause of exclusiveness reinforces the contractual link first of all, and gives an intensity very particular to the business connection between the parts. This exacerbation of the contractual link is not done with the step detriment of one or the other of the parts to the contract, but quite to the contrary makes it possible each one of them to collect the fruits of their collaboration. This reinforcement of the business connections controls actually the second specificity of this clause which is the exclusion of the thirds to the contract. This exclusion of the thirds, inherent in exclusiveness, remains very controlled and subjected has strict conditions by the authorities of competition national and Community, which marks the limits of this clause
Gautier, Maud. "Les clauses de rendement." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30072.
Full textPerformance clauses are an incentive to overshoot, to act, and to perform.Therefore, how can they be reconciled with the different parts of the law in which they operate? They are found in labor law and take an almost overwhelming size in distribution law. Well integrated into the contractual sphere, the return clause obliges the debtor and feeds the creditor’s expectations. But not only that, for if the debtor of the return clause must discipline himself to achieve the agreed performance, the creditor, with a view to help achieve the goal, should not simply adopt a passive attitude. In sum, the obligation to return back to the “whole report” exists between the creditor and the debtor.It is difficult to present their inclusion under the general theory of contract law. Their delicate handling calls for the consideration of many factors and parameters that must be taken into consideration to ensure their effectiveness. At the end of this study, these terms appear as a performance tool in the service of contractors but also of economic interest. Well-handled and strictly supervised clauses of performance are competitive sources of efficiency. All in all, the initial constraint is cleared and reveals the usefulness of performance clauses in the public interest. Thus, in terms of the contract and performance boost, performance clauses sharpen competition and thereby safeguard the interests of consumers. It seems then that the performance in achieving the objectives, participate not only in a quest of contractual effectiveness, but also for competitive efficiency for the whole community
Charrier, Benjamin. "Les clauses de sortie de contrat." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS366.
Full textThe term of “exit of contract” naturally refers to legal mechanisms enabling to exit, judicial resolution and revocation by mutuus dissensus. Yet there is another possible way, maybe less spontaneously considered: the one offered by the contract exit clauses. This discretion can be explained by the fact that very few studies have been made on this topic. While the existence of each exit clause taken separately is now indisputable, the ordering of solutions in a consistent set still seems to be lacking. The aim of this study is to look at this question of the exit clauses in the broadest way, based on the observation that the parties to a contract have the ability to organize from the beginning – that is to say when concluding – the eventual exit of the contract they nevertheless wished to conclude. This anticipation is thus reflected by the insertion of a release mechanism, which can product the intended effect because of the only will of the contracting party beneficiary, without prior recourse to the courts.Moreover, the parties who would wish to anticipate the exit by providing this freedom mechanism are faced with multiple choices. There is no one but many contract exit clauses. The purpose of the present study is therefore twofold: firstly, the existence of these mechanisms is now indisputable, but this observation leads to a proliferation and an irreducible diversity. In this regard, the demonstration of the existence of the contract exit clauses allows to organize this diversity in contemplation of the object and thus to propose a new reading grid of the various clauses that anticipate the exit. Secondly, once these clauses identified and classified, the presentation of their working allows to highlight the existence of a common set of rules, simultaneously with rules which are specific to certain clauses. From that point of view, the analysis also allows to reconsider the judge’s place, who is de facto removed by the insertion of the clause in the contract, but yet retains a real and sometimes decisive part, even if his place is more reduced than in other assumptions
Vivanco, Karin Camolese. "Orações relativas em karitiana: um estudo experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-08102014-172847/.
Full textThis dissertation aims to clarify the status of relative clauses in Karitiana (Tupi-Arikém). Relative clauses are traditionally classified as externally (EHRC) or internally-headed (IHRC) and the main criterion for their differentiation is the heads position: EHRCs have their heads adjacent to the relative clause itself, whereas IHRCs have internal heads (DE VRIES, 2006, CULY, 1990). Another criterion is case-marking: if the head is marked with the case demanded by the matrix verb, the relative is an EHRC; if it is the one demanded by the embedded verb, it will be an IHRC (COLE, 1987). Within this framework, karitiana relative clauses are hard to classify: on one hand, the head always appears fronted to the left periphery (STORTO, 1999), which resembles the pattern found in EHRCS; on the other hand, the case-marking on the head is similar to IHRCs. In the light of Basilicos (1996) work, one can hypothesize that karitiana relative clauses are IHRCs with optional head frontalization. In this case, it is expected that relatives with non-fronted heads will be allowed in the language. An experiment was designed in order to verify if karitiana relatives could have non-fronted heads and 14 speakers were tested with an elicited production methodology. The results show that, although there is a preference for frontalization, non-fronted heads are possible in the language, since subject relatives OSV and object relatives SOtiV, OSV and SOV were produced. There are also cases of object relatives without the object focus morpheme , indicating that it is not indispensable in relative clause formation. These results bring karitiana relatives closer to IHRCs, because EHRCs cannot have their heads in any other positions than in the periphery of the clause. We also discuss some syntactic proposals for the word orders found in our experiment, claiming that those which assume head dislocation to Spec of CP and AspP face some problems, such as the derivation of SOtiV object relatives and ungrammatical structures with adverbs. Therefore, our proposal is that the frontalization of the head is an adjunction to AspP. Paradigms of relative clauses with adverbs also show that, in object relatives, the frontalization of the head occurs in two steps: first the head moves to Spec, vP and then it is further fronted to the position of adjunct of Spec, AspP. The first step is marked with on v and it underlies the syncretism of this morpheme, which is also present in object wh- questions and object focus constructions. Finally, the correlation between and the frontalization of the head is analyzed within the phase theory framework (CHOMSKY, 2000, 2001) and it is assumed that object movement to vPs edge is a syntactic requirement for further frontalization
Reitsma-La, Brujeere Cornelia Johanna. "Passé et présent dans Les Géorgiques de Claude Simon étude intertextuelle et narratologique d'une reconstruction de l'histoire /." Amsterdam ; Atlanta, GA : Rodopi, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27368198.html.
Full textHuchet, Guillaume Ouerdane-Aubert de Vincelles Carole. "La clause de médiation." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2008. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2007/huchet_g.
Full textLassauzet, Benjamin. "Claude Debussy et l'humour." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC034.
Full textClaude Debussy isn’t a composer whose musical production tends to be associated to humour. However, one must consider and rehabilitate a humorist Debussy, too often forgotten, if one wants to obtain a more faithfull idea of his work. In order to understand the reasons why one has not, until this day, accorded to Debussy’s humour the role it deserved in his style and production, we will investigate the different steps of the aesthetical relation with his work, as described by Jean-Jacques Nattiez: the poïetic and the aesthesic. We shall observe the downside risk that may seize up the mechanism of comic perception and understanding in music
Demtchinsky, Nicolas. "La clause de conciliation." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131012.
Full textAlternative Dispute Resolutions are being more and more used. Therefore, conciliation is now seen as a good way to regulate conflicts. The conciliation clause is a tool that enables the parties to anticipate the resolution of conflicts that could happen. It obligates the parties to set up a conciliation process in order to find a friendly agreement, and it is only if this process fails that they can go to court. This clause is quite original, and should be distinguished from all the other types of friendly agreements in order to help its users to understand in what it consists exactly. That way, they will know how to write it, which is compulsory. The conciliation clause has many advantages such as its easy access, its low cost, the little time it takes. It is also a good way for its users to maintain a good relationship. Since a certain number of years, the economic field has benefited from this clause. Those advantages are to be opposed to the criticizes that are made against the state justice. Nevertheless, the aim of the conciliation is not to take the place of state justice, but to complement it. Yet, the efficiency of the clause has been criticized because its implementation depends on the parties, which has raised the question of the sanctions that should be taken in case of its unimplementation. The Cassation Court has given its agreement of principle to the clause of conciliation thanks to a decision taken on February 14th 2003 by the Mixt Chamber, and has given to it a compulsory force , which sustains its jurdical status. And this Court has decided that a tough sanction should by taken in case of its unimplementation
Cathé, Philippe. "Claude Terrasse (1867-1923)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040036.
Full textSuccessively a student in the Niedermeyer School,a piano teacher,an organist in La Trinité,Claude Terrasse is revealed to the public by the music he composes for 'Ubu roi'. .
Huchet, Guillaume. "La clause de médiation." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_huchet_g.pdf.
Full textThe clause of mediation is a clause of a contract which has for matter, during execution contract, to settle the conflict out of court. Contracting parties are obliged during the emergence of a dispute to implement, before any suit, a process of mediation in order to conclude an amicable agreement. The clause of mediation is an original stipulation, because it has a duel object: contractual and "processuel". It indeed contains a commitment not to act in justice and an obligation to negotiate. To allow a useful negotiation, the clause of mediation is forbidden to act on court for each contracting parties. Any suit exercised in defiance of this commitment entails the pronouncement of an objection; the action is said premature. The obligation to negotiate can define itself as the obligation by which contracting parties undertake at first to set up the process of mediation by the designation of a mediator then to conclude a protocol of mission. They will have to make best efforts to negotiate, with loyalty and fairness, a possible amicable issue. The success of the mediation process is when contracting parties conclude a conciliation agreement, generally a compromise. The failure of the mediation process allows each contracting parties to act in a court of law in order to end up the dispute
Faizand, de Maupeou Félicie. "Claude Monet et l'exposition." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUEL008.
Full textLindahl, Margot. "La conception du temps dans deux romans de Claude Simon /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35497809m.
Full textRouxel, Pierre. "Claude-Henri Grignon (1894-1976), polémiste (1916-1943) : introduction à Claude-Henri Grignon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5077.
Full textRodrigues, Angelica Terezinha Carmo. "As orações de tempo e condição na fala da criança : uma perspectiva socio-funcionalista." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269149.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigo as orações hipotáticas de tempo e condição presentes na fala de crianças em fase de aquisição de primeira língua. Na literatura consultada, há um consenso de que as orações temporais emergem na fala da criança primeiro do que as condicionais. Como sugere Slobin (1975), algumas noções, por serem mais salientes psicologicamente do que outras, são primeiramente desenvolvidas na infância. Os dados, no entanto, permitem afirmar apenas que as primeiras ocorrem em maior número do que as segundas. A justificativa, nesse caso, remete tanto a Givón quanto a Heine et alii. Tomando por base os pressupostos de Givón (1995), pode se dizer que as temporais representam estruturas não-marcadas, uma vez que são menos freqüentes. Nesse caso, é provável que tendam a ser, ao contrário das condicionais, menos complexas. Uma outra hipótese remete ao continuum de categorias cognitivas proposto por Heine et alii (1991), que defende que entidades mais concretas, como as que se referem a TEMPO, podem ser recrutadas para expressar noções mais abstratas, como CONDIÇÃO. Mostro, entre outros aspectos que, em algumas orações, é possível identificar uma superposição de significados temporais e condicionais, e que, em outras, essa possibilidade é, senão bloqueada, pelo menos, mais difícil. A correlação modo-temporal e o grau de hipoteticidade explicam, parcialmente, a intercambialidade entre noções temporais e condicionais. Para aferir o grau de integração dessas orações, utilizei as variáveis correlação modo-temporal, explicitude, correferencialidade e formas de expressão dos sujeitos. Em relação ao primeiro parâmetro, os resultados empíricos sugerem que as construções de tempo, por apresentarem tempos e modos idênticos tanto na núcleo quanto na temporal, estão mais integradas, e, portanto, mais gramaticalizadas. No que concerne aos outros parâmetros, parece haver uma inversão nos resultados. Casos de anáfora zero, que indicam um grau forte de entrelaçamento, foram registrados mais nas orações condicionais do que nas temporais. Todavia, em ambas estruturas, os sujeitos apresentaram os traços [- correferencialidade] e [+ explicitude], que indicam relações sintáticas mais frouxas
Abstract: This study investigates the hypotactic temporal and conditional clausespresent in the speech pattems of children who are in the language acquisition phase. According to the literature researched there is consensus that temporal clauses emerge in children speech patterns before conditional clauses. Like Slobin (1975) suggests, some notions, being more visible than others frem a psychological perspective, are the first to be developed in childhood. In my data, however, I verified to a certain extent that the first occur in greater number than the latter. In this case, the justification points to the hypotheses of both Givón and Heine et aloTaking Givón's pressupositions as a basis, I can say that the temporal clauses are unmarked structures, once they are less frequent. In this case, it is possible that they tend to be, contrary to condicional clauses,less complex. Another hypotheses alludes to the continuum of cognitive categories proposed by Heine et al (1991), which defends that concrete entities are recruited to express more abstract notions, such as condition. I emphasize, among other aspects, that in some sentences it is possible to identify a superposition of temporal and conditional meanings and that, in other sentences, this possibility is, if not blocked, at least less apparent. The modus-temporal correlation and hypothetical explanation ratio partially explain the interchangeability of temporal and conditional notions. In order to assess the integration degree of these sentences I used the sharing of tenses and moods, co-reference and expressions forros of subject variables. As regards the first parameter, empiric outcomes suggest that temporal constructions, because identical tenses and modes are presented in both the nucleus and the temporal clause, are more integrated and therefore characterized by more marked grammaticalization. Conceming the other parameters there seems to be an inversion of results. Cases of total absence of anaphora, which indicate a strong degree of interchange, were found more frequently in conditional than in temporal clauses. However, in both structures the subjects presented signs that indicate looser syntactic relationships [- co-reference] e [+ explicitness]
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística
Martowicz, Anna. "Origin and functioning of circumstantial clause linkers : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6411.
Full textDéglise, Catherine. "Au vol de la plume : poétique de Claude Hopil /." [Besançon] : Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41412479c.
Full textCollins, Zelda Terrilla Frew. "The technique of elision tonal procedures in the Préludes of Claude Debussy : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Music) at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand /." Online version, 1996. http://dds.crl.edu/CRLdelivery.asp?tid=11968.
Full textJaber, Nagham. "Le contrôle juridictionnel des clauses élusives et limitatives de responsabilité : étude de droit comparé français et libanais." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G005.
Full textThe study of judicial control over elusive and limiting liability clauses supposes an in-depth reflection on the different foundations of the judicial control over these liability clauses and on the jurisdictional practices in this matter. The purpose of this study is to propose a well-balanced reform on the judge’s powers when it comes to elusive and limiting liability clauses. The overabundance of means that allows the judge to eliminate limiting clauses leads us to question whether or not he has the possibility to propose a judicial review of these clauses. The elaboration of a model legislation that defines the validity and limits of these clauses and authorizes the judges to modify theme sounds inevitable
Lee, Mee-Jeong. "Force et faiblesse chez les écrivains français en Asie : Paul Claudel, Saint-John Perse, Victor Segalen, Pierre Loti, Claude Farrère, Henri Michaux, André Malraux." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040103.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the force and the weakness among the french writers of the 20 th century who went to asia. When they travel and stay over there, do they experience in contact with civilisations so differnt form their own civilisation a feeling of force, or of weakness? paul claudel, saint-john perse, victor segalen, pierre loti, claude farrere, henri michaux, andre malraux, all of them were confronted during this century with the reality of asia, moreover confused. Their travel was for them the occasion of a search for personal profundity, of a moral crisis, of a critical action, or of a renewal of their writing. This thesis analyses the moral and literary aspects of this authors
Ohkado. "Clause structure in Old English." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78186.
Full textDelage, de Luget Marion. "Jean-Claude Lemagny, maître d'oeuvre /." Paris (1 bis, passage Bourgoin, 75013) : M. Delage de Luget, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376387105.
Full textGaudemet, Sophie. "La clause réputée non écrite /." Paris : Economica, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/520227751.pdf.
Full textPadula, Ana Elisa Madureira. "Claude Bernard: fisiologia e filosofia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13251.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research addresses the historical development of the experimental physiology of Claude Bernard (1813-1878) by focusing on the continuities and discontinuities of his thought through the analysis of a manuscript entitled Philosophie, a compilation of reflections on a course on philosophy. It was possible to temporally and epistemologically distinguish two phases in this demarche. The first one corresponds to the years under the influence of François Magendie, thus comprising Bernard´s medical education and early research work. The second one begins by the time Bernard was recovering from a disease and whose first product was Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, published in 1865. Analysis of Philosophie allowed identifying reflections significant to Bernard´s construction of the grounds of experimental science, leading to his founding concept, namely determinism. Similarly, it shows important differences between Bernard´s and Auguste Comte´s thought
Este trabalho mostra, no tempo histórico, o desenvolvimento da fisiologia experimental de Claude Bernard, abordando as continuidades e descontinuidades em sua obra, através da análise do manuscrito Philosophie, uma coletânea de reflexões do autor sobre um curso de filosofia. Foi possível localizar, temporal e epistemologicamente, o pensamento de Bernard em duas fases diferentes. A primeira corresponde a um período magendiano , abrangendo sua formação e seus primeiros trabalhos; a segunda, que se inicia por ocasião da convalescença de Bernard, e que se expressa através da publicação, em 1865, de Introdução ao Estudo da Medicina Experimental. A análise da obra Philosophie permitiu identificar reflexões importantes de Bernard sobre as bases ciência experimental, o determinismo e as diferenças entre seu pensamento e aquele de Auguste Comte
Dibao-Dina, Clarisse. "Randomisation déséquilibrée et clause d’ambivalence." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC120.
Full textOur objective was to determine if the equipoise principle was respected in trials with unequal randomization. First, we performed a systematic review of unequally randomized controlled trials (RCTs) pubiished in the core clinical journals between 2009 and 2010. We estimated the prevalence of unequally randomized trials at 4. 7% (95% confidence interval 3. 9-5. 7%) among reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The justification for unequal randomization was not given in more than three-quarters of the reports. The main justifications were gaining more safety data and increasing patient acceptabiiity. The unequal randomization aimost exclusively led to recruiting more patients in the intervention than control group. Then, we compared the "positiveness" (i. E. , p<0. 05 in favor of the new treatment) between 46 RCTs with unequal randomization and 164 matched RCTs with equal randomization. Positive results in favor of a new treatment were more frequent for RCTs with unequal than equal randomization (65. 2% vs 43. 9%; odds ratio 2. 38; 95% confidence interval [1. 23-4. 63]; p = 0. 01). RCTs with unequal randomization were aise more often industry-funded and their control treatments were more often inactive than RCTs with equal randomization. Our findings question whether RCTs with unequal randomization comply with the clinical equipoise principle and so question the practice of unequal randomization
Bonhomme, Bérénice. "Claude Simon, la passion cinéma." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2016.
Full textCritics of Claude Simon have already studied the relation of his work to the image, whether photographic or pictorial, but the links with cinema have never been seriously studied. This is why my own research intends to explore the complex links between his work and the cinematographic image, and why I focus my analysis on the endlessly recycled dialogue between writing and film production, in order to show how the transition from one medium to another influences in particular Claude Simon’s creative procedures. It is well known that the writer started to devise a film scenario for his novel La route des Flandres as early as 1961, but that this project floundered. What I hope to demonstrate is that this failed encounter did however engender and enrich the dynamics of a whole literary enterprise. I also undertake in the first instance a study of the way in which the machinery of the cinema sometimes quite transparently influences several aspects of the style of Simon’s writing : notably in terms of viewing, framing, lighting and montage, which have all left their mark on his writing, and have indeed inspired, inflected, structured or deconstructed it. I then proceed to explore the cinematographic geography of Claude Simon, seen as spectator, in order to throw new light on an author born and bathed in the cinema. I follow the author’s progress as writer and cinema viewer. I show how he was marked by encounters with cinema, from the birth of the movies, the burlesque and surrealist film, to the mythical age of Hollywood, including the Western, through to the explosion of porn. And finally, observing the writer’s two concrete proposals for film adaptation of his novels, the montage for La route des Flandres and the documentary inspired by Triptyique, both brimming with enthusiasm and disappointment, I am able to throw new light on the ambiguous relations elaborated between Claude Simon as writer and artist and Claude Simon faced with the choices of a potential film director
Gaudemet, Sophie. "La clause réputée non-écrite." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020077.
Full textMazeaud, Denis. "La notion de clause pénale." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA122001.
Full textOn july 1975 a bill was passed in the french parliament whereunder judges have been empowered to revise a penalty clause for non-performance of a contract in case of its obvious excessive severity or lack of it. This calls for a reflection on the subject. It is indeed essential to examine the factors that constitute a penalty clause, as well as its characteristic, in order to determine to what extent and upon what terms it may be liable to court revision. Actually, the concept of penalty clause can only be properly explained by recalling that it operates at two different levels : first, as an unilateral commitment intended to guaratee the performance of main contractual obligation, and then - if despite the comminatory nature of that clause the obligor has failed to comply with its legal duty to perform - as a specific penalty. In fact not just a contractual damages assessment, but a private penalty as well
Kada, Benabdallah Fatiha Mouralis Bernard. "Le temps immobile (1974-1988) de Claude Mauriac, une expérience de l'endotique Poétique de la création littéraire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2007CERG0307.pdf.
Full textSilleck, Jennette Lynn. "Without Conscience: A Critique of Pharmacist Refusal Clause Rhetoric." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193267.
Full textDerkert, Jacob. "Tonalitet och harmonisk artikulation i Claude Debussys verk : om reception, harmonikteori och analys /." Stockholm : Universitet, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40034552p.
Full textKOUBBI, DAVID. "Le journaliste et le droit du travail." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10036.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to provide with a study of the press under the angle of labour law. Studying the legal framework applicable to journalists has led to an analysis of the criteria for the attribution of the journalist status or of a similar status, such as the status of the occasional writers paid a fixed amount for each contribution. All aspects relating to the definition of the professional journalist status are comprised within the scope of this thesis. Within this prospect, a detailed study of the doctrine and jurisprudence had to be done concerning chapter one professional journalists of + code du travail ; (labour law code) with a special emphasis on articles l. 761-2 et ss. (general provisions), r. 761-1 of the same code (termination of the employment agreement) as well as articles r. 761-3 et ss. Defining the conditions for obtaining the professional identification document attributed to journalists (the nature of the activity induces the quality of journalist). The legal framework applicable to employment agreements between journalists and press companies is indeed peculiar due to the presomption set out in article l. 761-3 alinea 3 included in the july 4, 1974 law. The + convention collective de travail des journalistes ; (collective labour agreement for journalists) dated november 1, 1996 was also studied as part of the research. These various elements allow us to draw the conclusion that journalists are employees enjoying various privileges/privileged emloyees (tres fort en anglais). Even if a historical view putting into evidence the evolutions schemes in this matter is provided, the subject matter of this thesis is the contenporaneous situation. The importance and interest of this study relates to its intricate relationship with the evolution of the contemporary society and to the fact that it puts into evidence the main challenges in the french information landscape
Bresson, Agnès. "La Correspondance de deux érudits Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc et Claude Saumaise (1620-1637) /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612335j.
Full textBresson, Agnès. "La correspondance de deux erudits : nicolas claude fabri de peiresc et claude saumaise (1620-1637)." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0305.
Full textPajot, Anthony. "Souris HLA-classe I / HLA-classe II transgéniques H-2 classe I / classe II KO." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066234.
Full textClaus, Anja. "Zellbiologie der Knochenresorption Osteoklasten und aktivierte Fibroblasten im Resorptionsassay /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2002/claus/claus.pdf.
Full textBlount, Jodi Lambert. "Claude Debussy's Images, series two, and the influences on Debussy's compositional style." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008243.
Full textStrehler, Hans Magnus. "Profile einer Rehabilitierung des kulturell Fremden : Echographien des Lévi-Strauss'schen Humanismus /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783428129324.
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