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Journal articles on the topic 'Clause de direction du procès'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Doll, Jürgen. "Hermann Langbein und die „Aufarbeitung“ der NS-Verbrechen in Österreich." Austriaca 76, no. 1 (2013): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2013.4986.

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Dans une première partie, on retrace l’itinéraire du jeune Hermann Langbein : la guerre civile espagnole, les camps français, les camps de concentration de Dachau et Auschwitz, où il fait partie de la direction du groupe de résistance international, le retour à Vienne et l’engagement communiste. Ensuite est exposé le contexte juridique et politique dans lequel se déroulent les procès des criminels nazis en Autriche. La troisième partie de l’article est consacrée aux activités de Langbein dans différentes organisations d’anciens déportés et à son rôle décisif dans la préparation du procès d’Aus

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Sun, Yawei, Saike He, Xu Han, and Ruihua Zhang. "A New Model for Emotion-Driven Behavior Extraction from Text." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (2023): 8700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158700.

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Emotion analysis is currently a popular research direction in the field of natural language processing. However, existing research focuses primarily on tasks such as emotion classification, emotion extraction, and emotion cause analysis, while there are few investigations into the relationship between emotions and their impacts. To address these limitations, this paper introduces the emotion-driven behavior extraction (EDBE) task, which addresses these limitations by separately extracting emotions and behaviors to filter emotion-driven behaviors described in text. EDBE comprises three sub-task

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Ott, Dennis, and Mark de Vries. "Thinking in the right direction." Linguistics in the Netherlands 29 (November 2, 2012): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.29.10ott.

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We propose to analyze right-dislocation constructions in terms of clausal coordination, coupled with ellipsis. While neither rightward movement nor base-generation of backgrounded and afterthought phrases is descriptively accurate, we show that the facts follow straightforwardly on an analysis that takes the dislocated phrase to be the surface remnant of a second clause that is underlyingly parallel to the host clause and reduced by ellipsis at PF. Right-dislocated XPs are thus theoretically assimilated to sluiced wh-phrases, fragment answers, and other sentential fragments. We furthermore sug

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Chen, Qiaoran. "Usage and Development of the Material Adverse Change Clause." BCP Business & Management 39 (February 22, 2023): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v39i.4072.

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“Material Adverse Change Clause” (hereinafter referred to as MAC clause) refers to a clause arranged in the contract during the acquisition and merger of company in order to provide the buyer with an opportunity to terminate the transaction when the conditions of the target.MAC clause plays an essential role in international M&A. Almost all cross-border M&A agreements include MAC clause, and both parties often spend a lot of time negotiating and writing this clause. However, MAC clause writing is complicated in practice, and MAC clause content is often unsatisfactory. First, this paper

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Schaefer, Ronald P., and Richard Gaines. "Toward a typology of directional motion for African Languages." Studies in African Linguistics 26, no. 2 (1997): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v26i2.107393.

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This paper examines the syntactic and semantic expression of basic directional motion and its manner counterparts across the four language phyla of Africa. We sample languages from each phylum, concentrating on basic, non-deictic, directional motion and its counterpart in which motion, direction, and manner of motion occur simultaneously. Two primary findings emerge. Across Africa, basic directional motion tends to be verb-framed with respect to direction; it conflates the semantic components Motion+Direction in verbs equivalent to 'enter, circle, traverse'. Manner of motion, while maintaining

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6

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. "(Inter)subjectification and unidirectionality." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 8, no. 2 (2007): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.8.2.07clo.

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In this paper the importance of distinguishing synchronic (inter)subjectivity and diachronic (inter)subjectification is stressed. Questions are posed concerning the robustness of hypotheses about matches between semantic function and syntactic position at the left or right periphery of the clause in Japanese, the extent to which subtypes of (inter)subjective function constrain the direction of shift over time, and the optimal unit of analysis (sentence, clause, or intonation unit).

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Ost, François. "Le Marchand de Venise : le pari et la dette, le jeu et la loi." McGill Law Journal 62, no. 4 (2018): 1103–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043162ar.

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Le Marchand de Venise est tenu, à raison, pour une des pièces les plus juridiques de W. Shakespeare, avec Mesure pour mesure. Au coeur du débat, la fameuse clause pénale que l’armateur vénitien Antonio se laisse imposer par le prêteur juif de la place, Shylock : une livre de chair prélevée sur son propre corps, en cas de défaut de paiement. On en retient généralement la tirade de Portia plaidant en faveur de la miséricorde (mercy) du prêteur. Et on lit la pièce comme l’illustration du procès éternel entre la lettre et l’esprit, le formalisme juridique et l’équité. La présente contribution ente

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Chyla, Łukasz. "Próba uchwycenia kierunków zmian w zakresie klauzuli rebus sic stantibus w Polsce." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 20 (September 20, 2017): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.20.7.

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Capturing the direction of changes in the scope of the rebus sic stantibus clause under Polish lawThe aim of this article is to present the issue of the influence of the substantial change of circumstances on the parties’ obligation to the contractual agreements. In Poland, this so-called “rebus sic stantibus clause” governed by the article 3571 of the Polish Civil Code which is believed to be not flexible enough to follow the needs of the dynamics of the global economic turnover and also importantly, the certainty of trade. Therefore it has become a source of many controversies and issues in

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9

Hogg, R. Malcolm. "Jews, Guardians, and Magna Carta, Clause 11." Law and History Review 4, no. 2 (1986): 367–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743832.

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Clause 11 of King John's Magna Carta has not received as searching an examination as have other clauses of that document. For example, McKechnie's comment runs to only half a page. In the 295 pages which he devotes to the individual clauses of Magna Carta, only his comments on clauses 62 and 63, clauses which he describes as ‘entirely of a formal nature’, and on clauses 53 and 57 are shorter. True, some of the points which have relevance for clause 11 are made in his comment on clause 10. But nearly all such points concern the Jews, whereas it is the intention of the present article to argue t

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van Vuuren, Sanne. "Information structural transfer in advanced Dutch EFL writing." Linguistics in the Netherlands 2013 30 (November 18, 2013): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.30.13van.

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This article presents a case study on the role of L1 transfer of language-specific features of information structure in very advanced L2 learners. Cross-linguistic differences in the information status of clause-initial position in a V2 language like Dutch compared to an SVO language like English are hypothesized to result in overuse of clause-initial adverbials in the writing of advanced Dutch learners of English. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating advanced Dutch EFL learners’ use of clause-initial adverbials in a syntactically annotated longitudinal corpus of student writing, compared

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Yun, Jeong-In. "Political Party Clause of the Korean Constitution: De Constitutione Ferenda." Korean Association of International Association of Constitutional Law 29, no. 1 (2023): 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24324/kiacl.2023.29.1.165.

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The Korean Constitution’s political party clause(party clause) and party legislation which were designed during the authoritarian regime have since shaped the reality of party politics and the party system so far. Particularly, the theoretical background and legal argument that formed the basis for such party regulation still impact constitutional jurisprudence and judicial practice. This article thus explores a way forward to get out of the wrong path paved in the past that has led the Korean malfunctioning party politics. In scholarship and politics, the problem regarding the interpretation

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Hayashi, Midori, and David Yoshikazu Oshima. "Graded (metric) tenses in embedded clauses: The case of South Baffin Inuktitut." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 27 (October 23, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v27i0.4135.

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This work discusses how tenses in South Baffin Inuknitut (SBI; the Eskimo-Aleut family), which are associated with remoteness specifications, are interpreted in embedded clauses. In SBI dependent clauses, the reference point forremoteness specifications may be, but is not necessarily, relativized (shifted) to a time other than external “now”. For example, while the hodiernal past (marked by suffix -qqau) designates the day of utterance as its domain of coverage, it may not do so in a subordinate clause. Whether an embedded tense may and must be relativized with regard to remoteness depends on

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Harvey, Arlene. "Definitions in English technical discourse." Functions of Language 6, no. 1 (1999): 53–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.6.1.03har.

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This paper explores degrees of equivalence constructed in English technical definitions. From an ergative perspective, the degree of equivalence depends upon the effectiveness of the clause (i.e. effective vs middle). Effective clauses tend to be encoding in orientation (i.e. the direction of the coding in the clause is from the gloss to the term) whereas middle clauses tend to be decoding (from term to gloss) (Halliday 1967/8, 1994; Davidse 1992a, 1996). In technical definitions, ideational meaning (expressed in relational clauses) is typically metafunctionally dominant and lexicogrammaticall

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Bouysse-Cassagne, Thérèse. "Attention! Un diable peut toujours en cacher un autre. À propos de l'introduction des images de l'enfer chez les Indiens de l'Altiplano bolivien (pt.1)." REVISTA TRACE, no. 34 (January 22, 2019): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.22134/trace.34.1998.653.

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Dans les Andes, le diable fut, bien entendu l'un des acteurs principaux des images et des danses d'une évangélisation qui postulait a priori la convergence des cultes idolâtres et des intentions démoniaques. On peut donc considérer qu'il n'y a guère de différence entre l’attitude développée par l’Eglise en Espagne lors des procès inquisitoriaux de celle qu’elle eut a l'égard des lndiens. Dans l’Édit de la Foi figurait en effet, une clause relative au monde diabolique métropolitain qui concernera également celui des Andes “... y que tengan o hayan tenido familiares invocando demonios y hecho ce

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Bouysse-Cassagne, Thérèse. "Attention! Un diable peut toujours en cacher un autre. À propos de l'introduction des images de l'enfer chez les Indiens de l'Altiplano bolivien (pt. 2)." REVISTA TRACE, no. 34 (January 22, 2019): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.22134/trace.34.1998.654.

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Dans les Andes, le diable fut, bien entendu l'un des acteurs principaux des images et des danses d'une évangélisation qui postulait a priori la convergence des cultes idolâtres et des intentions démoniaques. On peut donc considérer qu'il n'y a guère de différence entre l’attitude développée par l’Eglise en Espagne lors des procès inquisitoriaux de celle qu’elle eut a l'égard des lndiens. Dans l’Édit de la Foi figurait en effet, une clause relative au monde diabolique métropolitain qui concernera également celui des Andes “... y que tengan o hayan tenido familiares invocando demonios y hecho ce

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16

Blesse, Sebastian, Friedrich Heinemann, Eckhard Janeba, and Justus Nover. "Die Zukunft der Schuldenbremse nach der Pandemie." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 70, no. 1 (2021): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2021-2045.

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Abstract The German constitutional fiscal rule (the „debt brake“) is increasingly subject to a reform debate that has intensified with the fiscal fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic. This article presents survey evidence from the German state parliaments on views and preferences for the future of Germany’s fiscal rule. The survey among all 16 state parliaments was conducted between May and July 2020 with a participation of almost 30 per cent of all state parliamentarians. The results indicate that the debt brake still enjoys a large general support from more than two thirds of the parliamentari

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17

Martins, António. "Corporate Financing, Interest Deduction and Tax Controversies." Intertax 41, Issue 8/9 (2013): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2013042.

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This article focuses on a general tax principle: the usual corporate income tenet that, for being deductible, costs have to be necessary or indispensable to generate revenue or to maintain the corporation as a going concern. After exposing its possible meaning, we analyze its impact on court decisions and legal controversies regarding some intra-group financing operations. These controversies have, in our view, been a major reason for the recent introduction of quantitative limitations to interest deduction in the Portuguese corporate income tax code. The Portuguese tax law already had several

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Pilote-Coulombe, Catherine. "Jurisprudence 2 – La Cour suprême interprète la clause de « garde, direction ou gestion »." Assurances et gestion des risques 86, no. 1-2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1062466ar.

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19

Lemoine, Benjamin. "Démocratie des « faits » ou démocratie défaite ?" Statistique et société 6, no. 2 (2018): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.3406/staso.2018.1070.

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Rarement une controverse statistique aura pris cette tournure. Andréas Georgiou, qui a été, au coeur de la crise de la dette souveraine (de 2010 à 2015), directeur d’EL. STAT – pour Hellenic Statistic Authority1, l’Institut statistique grec chargé de communiquer les chiffres de finances publiques du pays – a été condamné en 2018 par la justice grecque pour «manquement au devoir » à deux ans de prison avec sursis, au terme de cinq années d’instruction. Au centre de ce procès aux nombreux rebondissements, figurent les nombres – validés en dernier ressort par Eurostat, la direction statistique de

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20

Rott-Pietrzyk, Ewa. "The Importance of the Principles of Social Coexistence for Divorce in the Context of Cultural and Social Changes A Polish Perspective." Ecumeny and Law 11, no. 1 (2023): 101–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/eal.2023.11.1.05.

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Cultural and social changes may affect the methodology adopted by the courts at a certain time in interpreting and applying the law, in particular provisions containing general clauses. These clauses make the law more flexible, enabling it to adapt to changing conditions. They are treated as a kind of “safety valve” to avoid solutions that are unjust, or ethically and morally unacceptable in society. From this perspective, this article will consider the significance of the general clause of the principles of social coexistence in adjudicating a divorce from the perspective of Polish law. The p

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Almeida Suarez, Manuel. "Spanish (de)queísmo." Spanish in Context 8, no. 1 (2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.8.1.01alm.

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In Spanish, standard sentences such as Pienso que no vendrá ‘I think s/he will not come’ and No se acordó de que tenía que ir ‘S/he forgot s/he had to go’ can alternate respectively with non-standard sentences as Pienso de que no vendrá (dequeísmo) and No se acordó ø que tenía que ir (queísmo). In order to explain both syntactic processes scholars have proposed different hypotheses: psycholinguistic, functional, social and psychosocial. The aim of this research is to analyse the validity of the functional hypothesis (this is, the possibility that the de/ø alternation conveys a semantic and/or

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Achiri-Taboh, Blasius. "A generalized question tag in English." English Today 31, no. 1 (2015): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000546.

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In several (colloquial) varieties of English around the world, the tag question is reduced to a single generalized invariant tag ‘isn't it?’. This is used irrespective of the general structure and semantic content of the matrix or main, superordinate clause that embeds it. Linguists started debating seriously on the actual use of tag questions in English since the early 1960s and 70s. The debates then were particularly focused on the use of tags on (elliptical) imperatives, with many concluding that the auxiliary in the imperative main clause is an elliptical will that serves as the source of

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Lei, Zhendong, and Shaowei Cai. "NuDist: An Efficient Local Search Algorithm for (Weighted) Partial MaxSAT." Computer Journal 63, no. 9 (2019): 1321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxz063.

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Abstract Maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) is the optimization version of the satisfiability (SAT). Partial MaxSAT (PMS) generalizes SAT and MaxSAT by introducing hard and soft clauses, while Weighted PMS (WPMS) is the weighted version of PMS where each soft clause has a weight. These two problems have many important real-world applications. Local search is a popular method for solving (W)PMS. Recently, significant progress has been made in this direction by tailoring local search for (W)PMS, and a representative algorithm is the Dist algorithm. In this paper, we propose two ideas to improve Dis

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Lee, Kyuhong and 정필운. "A Necessity and the Desirable Direction of Constitutional Revision on the Intellectual Property Clause." Korean Lawyers Association Journal 59, no. 11 (2010): 57–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17007/klaj.2010.59.11.002.

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Arroyo, José Luis Blas, and Javier Vellón Lahoz. "On the trail of grammaticalization in progress: has el que become a compound relative pronoun in the history of Spanish prepositional relative clauses?" Probus 30, no. 1 (2018): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2017-0010.

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AbstractIn this paper, we examine the grammatical status ofel quein Spanish prepositional relative clauses (el lugaren el quevivo) [the place where I live] from a variationist perspective of the theory of grammaticalization. At least from the nineteenth century onwards, several authors have defended the nature ofel queas a compound relative pronoun, even if these forms continue alternating today with others without the article [el lugaren quevivo], in contrast toel cual, a fully grammaticalized relative since the late fifteenth century.Based on a 3,200,000 word corpus of immediacy text (mainly

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LABELLE, MARIE, LUCIE GODARD, and CATHERINE-MARIE LONGTIN. "Grammatical and situational aspect in French: a developmental study." Journal of Child Language 29, no. 2 (2002): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005056.

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We study the ability of children to provide an appropriate continuation for a stimulus sentence, taking into account the joint demands of situational aspect and grammatical aspect. We hypothesize that the aspectual transitions required by some aspectual combinations play a role in the difficulty of providing an appropriate continuation for them. We tested 130 French-speaking children of 5;06 to 9;0. In general, the data are consistent with the idea that the ability of children to construe an appropriate continuation for a stimulus clause is a function of both the situational aspect of the clau

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Jang, Hyemyeong. "Analysis of all Issues Related to the Greenland International Medical Center Case." Institute of Legal Myongji University 22, no. 1 (2023): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53066/mlr.2023.22.1.143.

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Since 2004, when discussions on for-profit hospitals began in earnest, there has been a sharp controversy over whether or not to grant permission. Greenland International Medical Center is the first case of dispute over permission to open a for-profit hospital, and it is meaningful in that it explains the relationship between Korea’s medical system and permission for a for-profit hospital. In this case, permission for a for-profit hospital was granted on the condition that treatment was prohibited for locals, and the possibility of adding such a subordiante clause depended on whether the permi

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Cannarsa, Michel. "French Case Note on the Penalty Clause Decisions of the UK Supreme Court." European Review of Private Law 25, Issue 1 (2017): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2017014.

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Abstract: This case note is a French perspective on UK Supreme Court decision in Makdessi. English law and French law are known to rely on different approaches towards contractual penalties. This seems to be confirmed after the recent (2016) reform of the French law of obligations. One of the central features of French law on contractual penalties is judicial intervention when the amount of the penalty is derisory or excessive. English law, after Makdessi, could be brought closer to French law as it puts the focus on the substance of the penalty clause and on the legitimate interest in the enf

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Burrow, Sharan. "Australia's Social and Commercial Engagement with China: What Direction for the Relationship?" Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (2007): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607082211.

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This article suggests four criteria that any Australian Government should satisfy in promoting new forms of social and commercial engagement in the Australia—China economic and trading relationship. Any Free Trade Agreement (FTA) should require a high level of commitment to meet four standards. First, the inclusion of a labour clause within the agreement. Second, the government must now ensure that there is no disadvantage to Australian industry particularly for the purpose of applying anti-dumping provisions. Third, an Australia—China FTA would need to demonstrate how the economic and trading

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Gaudez, Florent. "De l'abduction créative comme méthode sémio-anthropologique au service de la sociologie de la connaissance et des représentations." Sociedade e Estado 20, no. 1 (2005): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-69922005000100002.

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Une œuvre d'art ne symbolise jamais du social ex nihilo, elle re-symbolise. Si l'on définit le travail de l'œuvre comme une re-symbolisation du donné symbolique, la première étape sociologique face à une œuvre consiste à construire, à partir de matériaux culturels, la configuration du champ symbolique. Une telle posture ouvre des perspectives sur la sociologie des représentations mais aussi éclaire la complexité de l'œuvre d'art et la multiplicité de stratégies littéraires et cognitives propres à l'œuvre. La description sémiologique des structures de l'œuvre est l'une des méthodes les plus féc

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Chertykova, Maria D. "MANIFESTATION OF "DIRECTION OF VIEW" MEANING IN THE SEMANTICS OF KHAKAS VERB КÖР- "LOOK, SEE"". Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, № 4 (2018): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2018_4_4_144_154.

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The current paper aims at describing the semantic structure of the common Türkic verb кöр- «look, see» and identifying the relevant features in its semantics. Particularly, the meaning of «direction of view» is analyzed when the verb is joined by a noun in the accusative and directional cases, a subordinate clause describing specific situations as well as adverbs with the corresponding meaning. Being polysemantic, the verb, beside its direct meaning, is characterized by 8 indirect ones that are common for other Turkic languages; they are related to 3 spheres: social, emotional, and mental. In

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Giordano, Aldo, Ionuţ Radu Răcănel, and Giovanni Voiro. "Steel-Concrete Viaducts in the Orastie-Sibiu Highway: a Eurocode Compliant Project." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 2, no. 1 (2013): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2015-0011.

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Abstract This paper is intended to show the design of two composite bridges along the Orastie- Sibiu motorway, from the basic concepts, applied without the need for a clause-by- clause checking of codes and standards, to the construction methods. The bridges are seismically isolated in the longitudinal direction, while transversally the seismic action is distributed among the piers. Calculations have been carried out through state of the art procedures, taking into account form effect of the cross section. For this reason, different FE models have been set up to study different aspects of the

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Ito, Akihiro, and Junko Yamashita. "A corpus-based validation study of the universal processing hypothesis in English relative clause formation." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 149-150 (2005): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.150.0.2004373.

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The present study focuses on spoken and written data in the British National Corpus (BNC). Based on a review of recent studies on English relative clauses, we formulated a Universal Processing Hypothesis (OS >OO>SS> SO) as target hypothesis to be validated using a corpus data approach. A computer program was designed to calculate the frequency of appearance of the four types of relative clauses (OS, OO, SS, and SO). The results indicated this hypothesis to be a valid predictor of frequency of appearance of relative clauses in the domain for written corpus texts. However, it is not sup

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Huddleston, Rodney. "The contrast between interrogatives and questions." Journal of Linguistics 30, no. 2 (1994): 411–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700016704.

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This paper explores the relation between interrogative, a category of grammatical form, and question, a category of meaning. Interrogative contrasts with declarative, imperative, etc., in the system of clause type (not sentence type); a question defines a set of answers. Two kinds of interrogative are distinguished, closed and open -though in some languages they may be distinct primary classes. Three kinds of question are distinguished according to the way the set of answers is defined: polar, alternative and variable questions; another dimension distinguishes information from direction questi

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Парамонова, Д. А. "СТРУКТУРНЫЕ И СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ РУССКИХ УСЛОВНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ С ОДИНОЧНЫМ И ДВОЙНЫМ СОЮЗОМ". Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 7, № 1 (2025): 89–106. https://doi.org/10.37632/pi.2024.26.95.004.

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В статье обсуждается роль факультативной частицы то в распределении русских условных конструкций. Идея состоит в том, что частица то сигнализирует более высокую позицию условной клаузы в структуре по отношению к главной клаузе. Такой анализ позволяет объяснить существующие контрасты, связанные с наличием частицы то (контексты с фокусными частицами, эллипсисом, связыванием местоимений). В статье высказываются соображения о возможной синтаксической структуре русских условных конструкций с частицей то и без нее. Наш анализ синтаксических и семантических свойств рассматриваемых конструкций соотнос

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Schneider, Monique. "Éprouver le passage." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 11, no. 2 (2007): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037334ar.

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Résumé Éprouver le passage — Lorsque se trouve accentuée la dimension de perte inhérente à l'accès au symbolique, la traduction peut apparaître comme le champ privilégié où s'étale cette perte. Direction suivie par J.-B. Pontalis parlant de « la mélancolie du langage » et dotant le traducteur de « la capacité infinie d'être triste ». Une autre orientation se dessine si la traduction est envisagée dans son exercice même et non dans son seul résultat. L'expérience analysée sera celle de la retraduction des textes de Freud, mettant au jour les opérations à l'oeuvre dans les traductions officielle

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Jastrzębski, Robert. "Prawo wekslowe w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 55, no. 1 (2003): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.14746/cph.2003.1.3.

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Pareillement aux autres pays contemporains, longtemps le droit de lettre de change en Pologne ancienne était coutumier. L’usage des obligations écrites du caractère abstrait, dont les premières mentions remontent au XlVe siècle, résultait des rélations commerciales avec l’Occident, en particulier avec l’Allemagne. Pour la première foi, la clause au porteur est apparue en 1488. Avant l’apparition des premières lettres de change, il y avait les instruments juridiques semblables. Il s’agissait des documents, appelés «membranes», au porteur et «mamrys» («mamrans») utilisés par les Juifs. Les vrais

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Alshamari, Murdhy R. "Grammaticalisation of ʔelħi:n in Haili Arabic- From Propositional Item to Discourse Particle: Split CP Investigation". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, № 2 (2022): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1202.14.

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This paper explores the linguistic properties of a discourse variant of the temporal adverb ʔelħi:n, used in Haili Dialect of Najdi Arabic (HA). Maintaining the characteristic of co-occurring clause-initially, and examining lexical/discoursal articulated structures, ʔelħi:n has developed a conventionalized discourse use, turning its morphology into a discourse particle that expresses a degree of speaker’s attitude. ʔelħi:n has undergone a process of grammaticalisation, with morphosyntactic consequence: changing its phrasal status to a head one. Evidence supporting this direction derives from i

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Gulnaz, Sh. Ashrafullina Nuriya H. Gzhemskaya Olga N. Gallyamova*. "LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENERAL ENDURANCE OF STUDENTS AS MAJOR PARAMETER OF HEALTH." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 10 (2018): 10377–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467385.

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<em>The relevance of research of a degree of development of the general endurance in students is connected with a question of improvement of their health and working capacity during training in an educational institution. </em> <em>In given clause opportunities of use of an improving direction in physical training in which object of attention of the teacher become directly health of the student, its working capacity and resistibility of an organism are considered.</em> <em>In research techniques of definition of a degree of development of physical qualities of the person and quantitative defin

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Marshall, T. R. "Who is a Competent Person?" Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 9 (2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1422/2021.

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SAMREC (The South African Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves) Clause 7 notes that 'Documentation detailing Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves from which a Public Report is prepared must be prepared by, or under the direction of, and signed by a Competent Person.' Similar statements with respect to Competent Valuators (CVs) and Qualified Reserves Evaluators (QREs) are contained in the SAMVAL (South African Code for the Reporting of Mineral Asset Valuations) and SAMOG (South African Code for the Reporting of Oil & Ga

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Greggi, Marco. "Article: Shades of Transparency: DAC6 and the Client- Attorney Privilege." EC Tax Review 32, Issue 2 (2023): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2023012.

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Tax Law has become more and more a data-centric discipline through the years. The struggle against international tax avoidance and evasion has pushed the European union to pass a number of directives regulating the exchange of information and the taxpayers’ duty to disclose information and data concerning their business and investments. The article considers DAC6 (Directive on Administrative Cooperation, Council Directive 2018/822) a qualitative change in this scenario, as it appears to erode the client-attorney privilege. It imposes, for the first time, a duty of transparency to intermediarie

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Ozimek, Mariusz, Karol Görner, Adam Jurczak, and Janusz Zieliński. "Main directions of improvement of high-class sportsmen training system = Główne kierunki współczesnego systemu przygotowania sportowców wysokiej klasy." Journal of Education, Health and Sport ISSN 2391-8306 formerly Journal of Health Sciences ISSN 1429-9623 /2300-665X 4, no. 13 (2014): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13013.

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<strong>Ozimek Mariusz, Görner Karol, Jurczak Adam, Zieliński Janusz. Main directions of improvement of high-class sportsmen training system = Główne kierunki współczesnego systemu przygotowania sportowców wysokiej klasy. </strong><strong>Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(13):17-25. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.</strong> <strong>http</strong><strong>://</strong><strong>journal</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>rsw</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>edu</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>pl</strong><strong>/</strong><strong>index</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>php</str

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Cedden, Gülay, and Özgür Aydın. "Do non-native languages have an effect on word order processing in first language Turkish?" International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 4 (2017): 804–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917703454.

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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Existing studies on sentence processing in bi-/multilinguals are typically centred on the first language (L1) influence on second language sentence processing. However, there is almost no evidence of influence in the other direction. The aim of this study is to find out whether being mono-, bi-, tri- or plurilingual has an effect on reading times (RTs) in the native language. To this end, Turkish native speakers’ RTs are measured when processing Turkish canonical subject–object–verb sentences, subject–verb–object (SVO) sentences where constituent

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THOMPSON, CYNTHIA K., KIRRIE J. BALLARD, and LEWIS P. SHAPIRO. "The role of syntactic complexity in training wh-movement structures in agrammatic aphasia: Optimal order for promoting generalization." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 4, no. 6 (1998): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617798466141.

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This study examined the postulate that training production of syntactically complex sentences results in generalization to less complex sentences that have processes in common with treated structures. Three agrammatic aphasic patients were trained to produce wh-movement structures, object clefts and/or object extracted who-questions, while generalization between these structures was tested. One NP-movement structure, passive sentences, also was tested for control purposes. Wh-movement occurs from the direct object position to specifier position in the complementizer phrase [SPEC, CP] for both

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Wentkowska, Aleksandra. "IN DEFENSE OF THE RIGHTS OF UKRAINIAN CITIZENS. ACTIONS OF THE COMMISSIONER HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE FIRST MONTH OF RUSSIA’S ATTACK ON UKRAINE, 24.02-24.03.2022." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XXII (2022): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9088.

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The attack on February 24, 2022 on the sovereign Ukrainian state undoubtedly violates Art. 1 clause 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the right to self-determination. By virtue of this law, nations themselves decide about their political status, and they themselves choose the form and direction of economic, social and cultural development. The use of armed force inevitably leads to a violation of fundamental human rights, including the right to life and human dignity. The Commissioner Human Rights carries out his tasks in the field of supporting people seeking re

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Kim, Min-Joo. "The ‘imperfective’ in attributive clauses in Korean as a window into the evidential past and the metaphysical future." Studies in Language 40, no. 2 (2016): 340–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.40.2.03kim.

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This article discusses the temporal interpretation of two attributive clause markers in Korean -te-un and -nu-un, which are standardly analyzed as carrying past imperfective and present imperfective meanings, respectively. I show that -te-un and -nu-un carry not only temporal but also modal/evidential meanings and they do so in ways hitherto unnoticed. I claim that -te-un presents an eventuality from a retrospective point of view, providing a window into what I call ‘an evidential past’, whereas -nu-un does so from a projective point of view, providing a window into what I call ‘a metaphysical

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Potet, Jean Paul. "SEMANTICS TRANSFERENCE IN TAGALOG." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 17, no. 1 (1988): 67–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000354.

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We say "X gave Y to Z", but "X took Y from Z." What is marked by a change of prepositions in English is marked by a change of verbal affixes in Tagalog. This change of markers is triggered by the direction taken by Y between X and Z. This movement is deemed to be a universal semantic trait. It is proposed to call it "transference." Forward transference (FT) is that of verbs like "give", and backward transference (ВТ) that of verbs like "take." Transference is reversed in a few PA- verbs. Whether they be FT or ВТ, all factitive and causative verbs have the morphology of FT verbs. So have recipr

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Westergaard, Marit. "Word Order in Old and Middle English." Diachronica 26, no. 1 (2009): 65–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.26.1.03wes.

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In the history of English one finds a mixture of V2 and non-V2 word order in declaratives for several hundred years, with frequencies suggesting a relatively gradual development in the direction of non-V2. Within an extended version of a cue-based approach to acquisition and change, this paper argues that there are many possible V2 grammars, differing from each other with respect to clause types, information structure, and the behavior of specific lexical elements. This variation may be formulated in terms of micro-cues. Child language data from present-day mixed systems show that such grammar

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Zona, Carlotta Isabella, and Claudia Felser. "Integrating Morphosyntactic and Visual Cues in L1 and L2 Comprehension." Languages 8, no. 2 (2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8020111.

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This study investigates the relative weighting of morphosyntactic and visual cues in spoken-language comprehension, and whether this varies systematically within and between first (L1) and second language (L2) speakers of German. In two experiments, 45 L1 and 39 L2 speakers answered probe questions targeting the action direction of subject- and object-extracted relative clauses, which were presented either in isolation (Experiment 1) or alongside scene depictions either matching or mismatching the action direction expressed in the sentence (Experiment 2). We hypothesized that visual cues contr

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Boriak, К., О. Lymarenko, and N. Peretiaka. "FEATURES OF STRENGTH TESTING OF PASSENGER WAGON AUTOMATIC REGULATORS." Key title: Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Odesʹkoï deržavnoï akademìï tehnìčnogo regulûvannâ ta âkostì -, no. 1(16) (2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32684/2412-5288-2020-1-16-20-27.

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The automatic regulator РКЗТ-675 (РТПР-675) and РТПР-675M is installed in the brake lever transmission of the passenger car and used for automatical maintenance of gaps between the surfaces of rolling of wheel pairs and brake pads within the established limits irrespective of the wear of the rolling surfaces of wheels. The design of auto regulators allows you to change the stroke of the piston rod and the brake cylinder and to manually release and tighten the regulator. Scope of auto regulators: freight, passenger cars and electric trains of the main railways. The article is devoted to solving

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