Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clause générale'
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Siri, Romain. "Essai d'une théorie générale de la clause contractuelle : réflexions de lege lata et de lege ferenda à partir du droit commun du contrat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32061.
Full textContract can be presented like a whole clauses. For all that, all is more that the sum of parties. Bringing together many clauses round contract give rise to a entity which can assert a life particular, autonomous detached of his elements constituent original. In so far as notion functional, contract ensure intellectually your own uniqueness. Contract is the element federative which consolidate the relation until pass the peculiarity of clauses which her compose. Under this analysis traditional, contract had always been apprehended globally, it’s like a compilation of clauses. It’s had always did the purpose of investigations globally. Clause is at that time that one of elements of contract which decompose to clauses. However, each party is more than element of all. Clauses earn therefore autonomy. Dispersal of center contract lead to favour clauses like centre of interest. Throught contract, it comes to see clauses. Contract is related clauses which somme can live whitout it. Clause can be seen deprive effects independently of situation of contract ou survive after destruction of contract. It interest then legal transaction to define legal juridical and no more only contract on the whole. Contract had always by past apprenhended in analysis global that is like a all producing obligations. In future, contracts are dissected. What it analyse those stipulations because that what signify it is inclusion or exclusion of many clauses. It is agreed at present to dower clause of status general. The conception global is criticized. Contract must be dissected, dismembered, atomized to discover under unity composite contract his clauses. Contract produce subset compose by clauses. Contract and clause are in relation interdependence
Rombauts-Chabrol, Tiphaine. "L'intérêt public local." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10043.
Full textLocal public interest is a french administrative law notion which appears as a misleading evidence because of the standard case law related to the local authorities « general competence clause ». Its conceptual definition allows to highlight its legal foundation within the local authorities public-law legal personnality. The evolutions of the devolution law, especially in the areas of constitutionnal law, establish a positive framework for its existence. An objective and cautious approach confers to the notion an actual finalistic substance corresponding to the general nature of local authorities to ensure that local communities' needs are actually met. However, the operationnal aspect of this content does not mask the heterogeneity of the local public interest functions. According to a review of the case law, the distinguishing of its functions demonstrates the efficiency of the notion in the scope of the local government functions by constituing a dynamic legal capacity to act, systematised particuliarly in local initiatives in the economic sphere. If local public interest is widely used by administrative courts to supervise decisions deriving from a grant of legislative power, it can neither provide the basis to create, nor to dispute the principle of this legislative power. This ultimate functional limit remains the operational barrier to the local public interest which does not allow to act on the distribution of functions between public authorities so far
Khalfi, Safaa. "Les interventions économiques des collectivités territoriales au Maroc." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10051.
Full textSince the launch of the decentralization process in Morocco in 1960, the economic role of Moroccan local and decentralized authorities has evolved and has been strengthened, in accordance with the profound changes that have taken place in Moroccan society and economy. The present thesis aims to analyze the legal framework and the different forms of economic intervention undertaken by local authorities in Morocco. It also aims to identify the reforms that must have affected these interventions and to question the degree to which they meet the challenges of economic development and the growing needs of the population. This work examines the extent to which the Moroccan legislation has really provided a framework adapted to the socio-economic reality of the country. In practice, local economic interventions are subject to the principles of economic freedom that limit the scope of these interventions and regulate them. Moroccan local authorities face a number of constraints that hinder the implementation of economic interventions. The constraints are mainly related to the various rigorous controls and the lack of human and financial resources, a great part of which are still monopolized by the central government. The present research study provides an analysis of these different limits, while trying to present of the effectiveness of local authorities interventions in Morocco
Cadet, Alain. "Éssai d'une théorie générale des clauses du contrat de travail." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL20008.
Full textLahana, Myriam. "Vers une théorie générale des clauses en droit des contrats." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020048.
Full textWozniak, Floriane. "Conditions et contraintes de l'enseignement de la statistique en classe de seconde générale : un repérage didactique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012056.
Full textPerrouin-Verbe, Dorothée. "Responsabilité délictuelle et contrat : étude d’une dynamique juridique à la lumière des fonctions des dommages-intérêts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ASSA0004.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the history of the general liability clause in French law, and its impact on the relationship between the regimes of delictual and contractual liability. The generality of the clause leads to its necessary subsidiarity in relation to the rules governing contractual liability, in a relationship reminiscent of that between ordinary law and special law. It follows that delictual liability must be excluded from the contract, and that this exclusion becomes stronger and more definitive the nearer one gets to the heart of the contract, and to the function proper to contractual liability, that of satisfying by equivalent the injured creditor. This subsidiarity also gives rise to the presence of the general liability clause all around the contract, to govern the margins of the contract, the para-contractual situations. While the nature of liability in these margins will no longer be debated so much, its effects will have to be tempered in order to adapt to the presence of the contract
Ertul, Servet. "Pour une orientation lato sensu à partir du processus d'orientation en classe de seconde générale et technologique." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOA001.
Full textThis work aims at studying the lato sensu orientation process with quantitative and qualitative methods, starting from the points of view of the oriented and the main actors of orientation. In present-day society, the individual is socialized from his early childhood through different levels of orientation. Our assumption is that the ways and means of socialization modify the course of individual and collective paths. Through the example of the “classes de seconde générale et technologique” of secondary education, we analyse the orientation process in which only further schooling in various subjects is conceivable. Then we analyse this process at a higher education level : in the Institutes of Technology where the prospects are either finding a job or going into further education ; among the students who drop out after one year’s education at University and finally, among those who get e degree (for 4 years afterwards). Our object is to go beyond the logic of schooling paths by associating it with the way the oriented envisage their future and the actor’s experience in the process
Herzlich, Marc. "Metriques privilegiees dans la classe conforme d'une variete asymptotiquement plate, et applications." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0031.
Full textMusy, François. "Etude d'une classe de méthodes multigrilles pour les problèmes variationnels : théorie générale et estimations du taux de convergence." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19044.
Full textPélissier, Lionel. "Étude des pratiques d'enseignement des savoirs de l'épistémologie en classe de physique de lycée général." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728016.
Full textPelissier, Lionel. "Étude des pratiques d'enseignement des savoirs de l'épistémologie en classe de physique de lycée général." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20136/document.
Full textThis research is based on previous french and foreign works about NOS teaching and learning and on the contemporary epistemological framework. It aims to analyse NOS teaching activities in physics class of French high schools through three case studies. These teachers are chosen because of their intention to teach NOS while the programs impose nothing on the subject. The analysis bases on the study of « praxeologies » developed within the framework of the anthropological theory of didactics. Our general purpose is to describe and understand in this abstract frame NOS teachers' practices for whom the main objective remains to teach knowledges of the physics : the kind of NOS knowledge taught in class ; the kind of references that play a role in teaching NOS ; the factors underlying the choices made by the teachers in terms of NOS content and teaching methods and the role played by their views on NOS, on teaching and learning physics in high school. This study brings a new approach for the characterization of NOS teaching practices onto the exclusive base of the data of observation of the class. It also brings to light that a device of accompaniment with regard to these knowledges modifies strongly their teaching by favoring their didactic transposition and by modifying the institutional relation to knowledge to which they tend to conform
Trautmann, Lydie. "Etude des caractéristiques générales du répertoire lymphocytaire T CD8 humain dans des réponses antivirales et antitumorales." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N089.
Full textThe objective of this work was to characterize the T CD8 immune response in humans, to evaluate the characteristics of the T CD8 responses shared between the antiviral and antitumoral immune responses and to determine the possible relations between public clones and different features such as the immunodominance of the response, the TCR affinity, or the chronicity of the response. We described the existence of public clonotypes within the four T CD8 repertoires studied. We also highlighted a hierarchal utilisation of the Walpha element in three different T CD8 immune responses, two directed against viral epitopes derived from EBV (BMLF1 and BRLF1) and one directed against a melanoma antigen MelanA. Lastly, we described an extreme focusing of the CD8 repertoire specific for an epitope derived
Nguema, Endamne Gilbert. "Orientation scolaire au sortir de la classe de troisième de l'enseignement secondaire général public au Gabon." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-25-1-2.pdf.
Full textLallemand, Suzanne. "Adoption, fosterage et alliance : étude générale, examen du cas kotokoli du Togo." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H041.
Full textStoll, Mathieu. "Pouvoir et administration au Grand Siècle : Claude Le Peletier, ministre et contrôleur général des finances de Louis XIV." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040011.
Full textThis dissertation is a study of Louis XIV's governmental apparatus and the place held by the Finance General-Controller through the figure of Claude Le Peletier. The first part describes the duties Le Peletier was entrusted with during his advancement by connecting them with his social environment and his special relationship with Michel Le Tellier, his mentor. The second part introduces Le Peletier's promotion to the head of the Ministry of Finance in 1683, which astonished the minister himself who had no connections with this world. After Colbert and Louvois, Le Peletier embodied another more modest but no doubt more representative type of minister. The third part shows that Le Peletier was soon confronted with the limitations of his office as Minister of Finance, although the Finance Administration was already the largest and best organized ministry. Besides, its employees were heralding the modern civil servants
Gras, Nicolas. "Essai sur les clauses contractuelles." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10458/document.
Full textContractual clauses are key elements of a contract and should be studied more closely in order to facilitate their use by practioners and to enhance understanding by the judge.This work does not claim to be exhaustive. Its purpose is not to to identify, enumerate or catalogue the numerous clauses that abound in all branches of private law. Such a project would only yield a fragmented, descriptive insight. A general reflection on clauses as legal instruments does not necessitate a detailed examination of all applications but only that their most notable effects be highlighted.Firstly, a typology of the most important clauses had to be drawn up based on a functional approach regarding their contractual applications. The parties to a contract generally have in view four main goals: organising the execution of the contract, managing the risks, avoiding legal pitfalls, and foreseeing the end of the contract and any potential sanctions. The establishment of a classification based on function ensured that clauses arising from economic necessity as well as clauses considered to be independent would not beneglected. Hence, this project comprises research on the details of implementation of clauses in the same category, leading to the setting out of a legal regime appropriate to each category. Secondly, the aim of analysing the clauses’ functions led to studying the links between clauses and contracts. Clauses basically serve to organise the terms of the contract, extend its effects and establish sanctions. However, in parallel to the two levels – the general theory of contracts and special contracts law – it had to be demonstrated that a general theory of contractual clauses did not constitute a third level of rules applicable to contracts. Nevertheless, an overall view of the influence of their effects, both in terms of and beyond the contract, has allowed for the establishment of a general regime presenting the conditions of validity and common rules applicable to all clauses
Roussignol, Ines. "L'apport des théories scientifiques (expérimentales et médicales) dans le vocabulaire rural, scientifique et général d'Émile Zola." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD004/document.
Full textÉmile Zola tells his vision about the scientific progress in concordance with the literary doctrine of naturalism and the historical and scientific context of the Second French Empire, in the sociological context of the rural exodus of the end of the nineteenth century characterizing the French contryside. Combining these three decisive facts, Zola manages to deliver a strong masterpiece containing a type of scientificity non conforming to the ideal literary and social canons of the time. He relies on Claude Bernard’s doctrines of experimental method and Prosper Lucas’heredity and the others medical practitioners. The predominance of scientific, hereditary, alcoholic and violent semantic fields defines the use of common vocabulary based on thematics and specific lexical networks. The peasant is depicted as a violent, ignorant, non educated, pagan, alcoholic, brutish, being clannish and attracted by the lucre. Zola oppose the science et the religion for promoting his progressive ideas
Labopin, Marie-Agnès. "Les déterminants de l'orientation des lycéens de seconde générale et technologique : de la phase de dialogue à l'accès à la filière scientifique." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL015.
Full textThis paper aims at demonstrating underlying processes of selection and self-selection which concern the various streaming of pupils after general and technological first grade of upper secondary school. The differences of moving up into the scientific course vary, with similar academic achievement, according to social background, gender, age and option. Self-selection of pupils, according to individual backgrounds, does rule moving up into scientific course, in an important proportion. More than three quarters of social bias between children of working class and children of managers and especially the entire lower level of moving up for the girls is explained by this self-selection ; intensity of social bias and gender bias are the same. Thus, it appears to be interesting to study the genesis of self-selection of pupils at first grade of upper secondary school, during the dialogue phase. This one corresponds to the duration of the third scholar term. Transformation of provisional wish to definitive wish, examined in the analysis, is the reflect of the reactions of the educational team for the first desire of the pupil at the second term. Results obtained indicate that self-selection of modest pupils is constructed during the dialogue phase which can be considered as a trap for them, when self-selection of girls precedes the dialogue phase and appears as far back as the first choice
Raffy, Julie. "Représentations graphiques de la maladie et du médicament chez l'enfant de 8 à 12 ans : enquête dans une classe primaire." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P056.
Full textIbara, Rochfelaire. "L’aménagement de la force majeure dans le contrat : essai de théorie générale sur les clauses de force majeure dans les contrats internes et internationaux de longue durée." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3006/document.
Full textThe statement of force majeure provisions in long-term internal and international contracts is based on the ground of the freedom of contract and promoted by the inefficiency of suppletive risk allocation norms in modern legal systems. The recognition of their enforceability still subject to uncertainty due to the misunderstanding of their drafting and their judicial construction that is commonly said to amount to squaring the circle. Base on the influence of the uncertainty conditioning the subject-matter and the value of the obligation to guarantee underlying force majeure clauses, a fundamental summa divisio is drawn up between risk assessment and risk attribution agreements. The first clauses are subject to the uncertainty of a legal nature and should follow the random legal acts framework. The second are affected by the uncertainty of economic nature and should depend to the commutative legal acts framework even though force majeure clauses are unduly treated in case law as exclusion clauses. De lege ferenda, the force majeure clauses regime is expected to be rationalized with the integration of the reasonable reasoning as a fundamental guiding principal of French contract law so that to implement the summa divisio of force majeure agreements by adjusting distributively the risk assessment clauses unreason through the reasonable compliance test and the risk attribution clauses abuses through the reasonable modulation test
Vigna, Xavier. "Actions ouvrières et politiques à l'usine en France dans les années 68." Paris 8, 2003. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://univ.scholarvox.com/book/88924970.
Full textZheng, Xin-Min. "Etude d'un facteur général de transcription des gènes de classe B, interagissant avec l'ARN polymérase (II) : Le facteur BTF3 : Purification; clonage et expression de l'ADN complémentaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13210.
Full textCouillerot, Jérôme. "Un régime de la liberté : la démocratie dans l’œuvre de Claude Lefort." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020059.
Full textClaude Lefort is a major thinker of Soviet totalitarianism and an original theorist of democracy. However, his contributions remain much overlooked, and the overall coherence of his body of work is often misunderstood. This work aims to remedy this deficiency, and endeavours to identify and organize the fundamental dimensions of his thought, in order to re-establish its internal coherence. The hypothesis of this doctoral thesis is that this coherence is revealed through the identification of the central project of Claude Lefort, which was to apprehend the necessary conditions for the advent of political liberty, and therefore democracy as a “regime of liberty” (régime de la liberté). This intellectual project, developed first of all in the context of Marxist theory, was progressively reassessed in the light of the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, eventually resulting in a rejection of the traditional understanding – that of public law – of the two concepts of power and liberty. The problem, for Lefort, is how to bring about the existence of political liberty ; which the first part of this work aims to demonstrate. It then becomes necessary to draw the logical consequences of such a rejection. It leads to a profound reconsideration of the nature of the two concepts : power gains a “symbolic” dimension, and liberties are inseparably thought as both collective and individual. Lefort’s construction must thus be understood as a specific way to organise political liberty ; as the second part of doctoral work attempts to reveal
Viguié, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude de la conjecture de Gras et de la conjecture principale d'Iwasawa, par les systèmes d'Euler." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839919.
Full textGiroud, Nicolas. "Etude de la démarche expérimentale dans les situations de recherche pour la classe." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649159.
Full textBarazi, Mervan. "La particularité de l'application du droit de la concurrence dans le secteur des assurances." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD002/document.
Full textThe insurance industry is protean : it includes several operators whose integration into the economic and legal landscape has intensified in recent years and continues to impose itself. Insurance companies themselves deploy multiple insurance activities. Since the 1950s, some insurers have exploited differents insurance schemes such as, health, old age, unemployment (whether compulsory or complementary). These organizations develop their activities in markets whose economic character is not always the most obvious. If life insurance, for example, does not present any difficulty in entering a competitive market, can we also consider that the supplementary and statutory health insurance schemes operate similarly in an economic market ? This question leads up to wonder about the submission of the insurance sector to competition law and its possible uniqueness of regime. Two points are studied, firstly, the question of confronting the insurance sector with the extensive vision of the European and national authorities. Secondly, an examination of the application of competition law to the insurance sector and the justification for different treatment. This study takes into account the whole of competition law : antitrust practices, economic concentrations and state aids. It is essentially based on European and French competition law
Tran, Thi Thu Phuong. "Les accords régionaux dans le système de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020007.
Full textBruno, Françoise. "Analyse du développement du pouvoir d'agir d'enseignants confrontés au risque de décrochage scolaire : étude de cas en classe de sixième de collège." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3100/document.
Full textPriority of the national education ministry, dropout prevention is the subject of a lot of prescription in France. The identification of dropout risk and implementation of appropriate responses poses new professional problems.The purpose is to study the impact of the inclusion of students at risk of dropping out within disciplinary courses on teachers' working activity through an action-research conducted with a group of college professors in a sixth class, according to the theoretical and methodological framework of clinical activity and the ergonomics of the teaching activity. Here we try to understand work to transform it, but also transform work to understand, at the request of professionals and with their assistance. So we look to cause and study the professional development of participants, especially from problematic issues raised by the actors themselves and building on the methodology of simple and crossed self-confrontation.This alliance between a researcher and a group of teachers for these workers leads to a development of the power to act in identifying and preventing the risk of dropout students, and offers prospects for innovative actions and production resources for training in this area. On the epistemological level, it opens the way towards the production of invariants of the development of power to act and to a number of conditions that can promote this development
Pudal, Bernard. "Formation des dirigeants et évolution du mouvement ouvrier : le cas du P.C.F. 1934-1939." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010280.
Full textSoro, Russell Olivier. "El contrato normativo : análisis de una categoría." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40017.
Full textHow far are now individuals free to create the most appropriate contractual tool to achieve the satisfaction of their needs and interests? What they have in common figures as diverse as a joint-venture agreement, a franchise agreement or a marriage contract? Is the old general theory of contract adapted to the contractual practice of the XXI century? A deep study of the normative contract in this book provides answers to these and to many other momentous matters of Private Law of Contract. Reconstructed from the detailed analysis of the theory and legal practice, the notion of normative contract as an agreement of cooperative nature could constitute the bridge to a new and inspiring way of conceiving the contract. Not surprisingly, as shown by its main practical manifestations, the contract is often more than just an instrument to organize an exchange of goods and services, a powerful regulatory tool of reality and human behavior. To put it briefly, if on the one hand in this essay the author seeks find a remedy for a situation of great uncertainty regarding the so-called normative contract, in the other hand he also invites the legal community to reflect calmly on the role played by contract in present society.Keywords: Normative contract, Normenvertrag, Alfred HUECK, genesis, concept, pactum de modo contrahendo, contrat-cadre, framework agreements, distribution, collective agreement, financial transactions, joint venture, marriage contract, codes of conduct, Spanish private law, French private law, contractual clause, cooperative agreement, intuitus personae, no-obligational and obligational content of the contract, union of contracts, regulatory function of contract, general contract theory, theory of legal regulation, Hans KELSEN , freedom of contract
Séjean-Chazal, Claire. "La réalisation de la sûreté." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020069.
Full textUp until the order of 23 March 2006 on security rights, a creditor aiming at realizing his surety had to resort to the procedures of execution available to any creditor in order to implement his general right of pledge. The effects of the real surety would manifest only after the execution sale of the encumbered property, through the preferential satisfaction of the creditor during the proceedings of the price distribution. The 2006 reform of the law of security rights has altered this situation by generalizing the judicial attribution and by legalizing the conventional attribution of the encumbered property. These modes of realization are deemed to be simpler and faster than the traditional enforcement proceedings, but also more efficient to shut out the other competing secured creditors. From now on, the creditor benefiting from a real surety is favoured as soon as he exercises his rights against the defaulting debtor. In order to exercise his power of constraint, he may rely on all the enforcement proceedings that are specific to the real surety. The legislator has carefully provided guidelines to use these attribution techniques to protect the interests of the debtor. However, the legal framework applicable to these modes of realization deserves to be adjusted in order to improve their legal certainty, their efficiency, and therefore their attractiveness. The effects of these modes of realization against the competing secured creditors of the recipient are not completely clear. Attribution is often presented as a technique that ensures the plaintiff an exclusive satisfaction, while the competing creditors’ claims are redirected on a hypothetical consigned remainder. Although the other creditors cannot take part in the procedure, nothing justifies that their rights be undermined. It is therefore important to determine how to reconcile the optional attribution of the encumbered property and the rights of the competing secured creditors
Deheuvels, Thibaut. "Contributions à l'étude d'espaces de fonctions et d'EDP dans une classe de domaines à frontière fractale auto-similaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869946.
Full textBouznif, Marwane. "Algorithmes génériques en temps constant pour la résolution de problèmes combinatoires dans la classe des rotagraphes et fasciagraphes. Application aux codes identifiants, dominants-localisateurs et dominants-total-localisateurs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744488.
Full textNakashima, Yohei. "Du "Nouvel européanisme" : l'Europe dans le système de Saint-Simon." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0093.
Full textThe European vision of Saint-Simon was neglected in comparison with his famous industrialism however, in the age of European construction, it is important to read the whole work of Saint-Simon from point of view of modern European vision. Although a few precedent studies of Saint-Simon’s European vision which consider that his reflection is limited in a part of his works started from 1803, particularly a work entitled on the reorganization of European society in 1814, it is necessary to proceed to read all his writings in their historical context. According to Saint-Simon, medieval Europe was a confederate society based on religion, namely Christianity. Modern society is unified by universal morality which transcends religion. This morality is produced by philanthropy based on relationships between peoples in industry. Therefore, if the heathens are faithful to the industrial morality, the Europeans must accept them in the European society. They are from diverse origins. However, in order that European organization can exist politically on the earth, the Europeans must draw arbitrarily the line between its inside and outside. The political Europe will be limited in a territorial sphere characterized by a few large similarity of things. Saint-Simon emphasizes the importance of historical similarity of customs. Based on the differences of customs, Europe draws the line against its outside. There is a clever segmentation between Europe and Europeans in' the European vision of Saint-Simon
Aldon, Gilles. "Interactions didactiques dans la classe de mathématiques en environnement numérique : construction et mise à l'épreuve d'un cadre d'analyse exploitant la notion d'incident." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679121.
Full textTraisnel, Florence. "L'INTER-DIT : UN JEU D'ADRESSES : quand écrivent pour la jeunesse à L'école des loisirs et pour les adultes aux Éditions de l'Olivier Christophe Honoré et Manuela Draeger et Olivier Adam, Geneviève Brisac, Agnès Desarthe, Marie Desplechin, Christian Lehmann, Maya Nahum, Christian Oster, Martin Page, Claude Ponti, Florence Seyvos, Valérie Zenatti." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0028/document.
Full textThe number of contemporary authors who write both for adults and children keeps rising, so much so that anglophone criticism has coined the term crosswriters to label the phenomenon. This work proposes to observe back-and-forth crossings between L’école des loisirs and Éditions de l’Olivier between 1991 and 2011. What motivate these crossings are important editorial stakes that attest to the crucial role played by publishers in guiding their authors. This dissertation will look more specifically to Christophe Honoré and Manuela Draeger (one of Antoine Volodine’s heteronyms). Both writers resort to crosswriting in singular ways as some of their children’s books and books for adults respond to one another to such an extent that what I call an “inter-diction” lodges itself in the interstice that divides their respective corpuses. This phenomenon of intratextuality, supported by a gesture of polyaddress, calls into question literature’s supposed intransitivity given that, in order to be decrypted, this suspended diction calls for a transgenerational reader. This inter-diction is the stage where are performed transitions from one age to another and where occur transmissions from one generation to the next. But it is also the site of what does not pass, of what punctures the work in an echo to individual or collective trauma. And if it is always the texts written for an adult readership that devolve to those for children what cannot be articulated in an adultocentered language, these transfers never seek to suture the abyss opened by intratextuality but rather explore through children’s literature alternative relations to language, thereby teaching us something about the linguistic beings that we are
Séjean-Chazal, Claire. "La réalisation de la sûreté." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191710.
Full textUp until the order of 23 March 2006 on security rights, a creditor aiming at realizing his surety had to resort to the procedures of execution available to any creditor in order to implement his general right of pledge. The effects of the real surety would manifest only after the execution sale of the encumbered property, through the preferential satisfaction of the creditor during the proceedings of the price distribution. The 2006 reform of the law of security rights has altered this situation by generalizing the judicial attribution and by legalizing the conventional attribution of the encumbered property. These modes of realization are deemed to be simpler and faster than the traditional enforcement proceedings, but also more efficient to shut out the other competing secured creditors. From now on, the creditor benefiting from a real surety is favoured as soon as he exercises his rights against the defaulting debtor. In order to exercise his power of constraint, he may rely on all the enforcement proceedings that are specific to the real surety. The legislator has carefully provided guidelines to use these attribution techniques to protect the interests of the debtor. However, the legal framework applicable to these modes of realization deserves to be adjusted in order to improve their legal certainty, their efficiency, and therefore their attractiveness. The effects of these modes of realization against the competing secured creditors of the recipient are not completely clear. Attribution is often presented as a technique that ensures the plaintiff an exclusive satisfaction, while the competing creditors’ claims are redirected on a hypothetical consigned remainder. Although the other creditors cannot take part in the procedure, nothing justifies that their rights be undermined. It is therefore important to determine how to reconcile the optional attribution of the encumbered property and the rights of the competing secured creditors
Mercier-Josa, Solange. "De la thématique du conflit à l'exploration de l'entre Hegel et Marx." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100058.
Full textMy initial aim, when writing the first volume of my thesis, the them of conflict in Western thought, was to read as closely as possible section A of chapter IV of the Phenomenology of Spirit, to understand precisely what Hegel meant by struggle for (or of) recognition, relation of lordship and bondage, and by universal self-consciousness. I have tried to make intelligible the hegelian thesis of an original conflict, constitutive of the formation of free self-consciousness. I did this via connecting the seven hegelian versions of the struggle for (of) recognition written between 1802 and 1830, initially by a determination of the discrepancy between Hegel's thematics on the one hand, and, on the other, the status of conflict in Plato and Aristotle (stasis and polemos) and of the "state of war" inherent within the state of nature in Hobbes and Rousseau. Subsequently, I tested the degree of resistance of the Hegelian text vis-à-vis Marx and Engel's criticism, Nietzsche's genealogy and Freud's metapsychology and psychoanalysis. In my two books, Hegel and Marx, and in volume III, I have shifted the focus of my problematic, attempting ti rethink what had been thought by Marx, unbalancing his text by the reading of Hegel, and what had been thought by Hegel via the reading of Marx. I have suggested to define Marx's "inversion" of Hegelas a metaphor of the act of demetaphorisation, that is as the endeavour to say litteraly what had been said figuratively. However, beyond the marxian criticism of the incoherence or the illusion of hegelian philosophizing on the relation between political right and abstract right, on history
Hakizimana, Paul. "Analyse de la composition, de la structure spatiale et des ressources végétales naturelles prélevées dans la forêt dense de Kigwena et dans la forêt claire de Rumonge au Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209727.
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Gabayet, Nicolas. "Les contrats publics à l'épreuve de l'aléa en droit anglais et français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1004.
Full textThe question of the treatment of uncertain/unforeseen events affecting public contracts seems to oppose in an immeasurable way English and French laws. While, in French law, general rules provide, in the public interest, the treatment of uncertain/unforeseen events affecting public contracts without the consent of the contractors, no such provisions exist in English law, where the sanctity and intangibility of contract prevails. Thank to this antagonism, the proposed comparison enables to highlight the deep motivations of the treatment of uncertain/unforeseen events affecting public contracts, through the theoretical opposition between sanctity of contract and public interest. In this respect, the general rules allowing, in French law, the treatment of the uncertain/unforeseen events without the consent of the parties appear to be based on an economic and teleological approach of the contract and its biding force. Surprisingly, the latter approach can also be noticed, in some respects, in the English law of contracts. Moreover, the priviledged mean to treat uncertain/unforeseen events in England as well as in France is the agreement of the parties – whether ex ante or ex post. Nonetheless, the possibilities of variating the contract in the course of its performance have been drastically limited by the European Union law. By contrast, the intial terms which tends to erect an autonomous regime of treatment of uncertain/unforeseen events through the spreading of standard terms appear to be the major and indispensable mean of adaptation of public contracts in the course of their performance
Scachetti, Emmeline. "La saline d'Arc-et-Senans : manufacture, utopie et patrimoine (1773-2011)." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1030/document.
Full textThe Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans were built from 1774 according to the drawings of thearchitect Claude Nicolas Ledoux. Today they are a famous touristic and cultural centre, especially since they have been inscribed on the Unesco World Heritage List in 1982. However their history is before everything a history of a place where salt is produced during more than one century. Further to the decision of the Ferme générale, they were built to solve the difficulties about salt sources exploitation at the saltworks of Salins, particularly the lack of wood. Because they are saltworks without salt resources, their exploitation question their lack of autonomy behind their economic failure. They struggle to find a place in the salt market because of legal and economic frameworks of the Salines de l'Est. These latter were firstly protected by the state monopoly on salt until the law of 1840. Then they were left incompetiton with private entrepreneurs who tried to gather all the eastern salt mines within a public limited company. The Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans closed in 1895 because they were less profitable than the others and this could not be improved. They narrowly escaped usual destiny of former production places : become an industrial wasteland. In 1926, they were listed historical monument then bought by the department of Doubs in 1927. It was the time to approach the future of industrial sites whose activity stopped. Many projects of conversion suceeded each other until the 1960s with no results. A solution was found in 1972 by technocrats working in cultural fields, with the creation of the Centre du futur. The identity of this place was rebuilt with the concept of ideal city and the Saltworks became the heritage of utopia. However from a touristic point of view, they struggle today to show a coherentidentity to visitors. Because the industrial memory of this place has been eclipsed, the Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans is an unique example of invented heritage
Flesch, Alexis. "Bandes de confiance par vraisemblance empirique : δ-méthode fonctionnelle et applications aux processus des événements récurrents." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955359.
Full textDermine, Elise. "Le droit au travail et les politiques d'activation des personnes sans emploi: Une étude critique de l'action du droit international des droits humains dans la recomposition des politiques sociales nationales." Doctoral thesis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239228.
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Blondeau, Julien. "Déformation des extensions peu ramifiées en P." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936135.
Full textDe, Ieso Marco. "Analyse p-adique et complétés unitaires universels pour GL₂(F)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802660.
Full textCharouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010257.
Full textAs a fundamental driving force of public economy, public procurement has traditionally been an area of diverse and often competing interests. Such contradictory interests are the efficiency of budgetary management and transparency in public life within national legal systems, free competition and open access of financial stakeholders in award procedures within the European regulatory framework. At the same time, the instrumentalisation of public procurement in order to serve political goals not directly linked to it has triggered considerable debate. The attempt of conciliation of social and environmental considerations with the financial requirements of public procurement law aims at enhancing this legal and financial instrument. The role and the legal means for the integration of social and environmental considerations in public procurement, which serve general interest purposes and overriding European law objectives, have not yet been clarified. The regulatory interventions of the Member States, on the one hand, and the harmonization attempts of the European Union, on the other, create a constantly changing political climate. In that context, the role of social and environmental policies is redefined both within the framework of primary objectives of public procurement law, as well as outside this regulatory framework which is used as a policy tool in this context
Garrote, Gabriel. "Le pouvoir et ses notables : les membres des conseils consultatifs (Rhône, 1800-1830)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2128.
Full textThe thesis analyses the political and social system created after the Revolution and the men involved in this system, the notables. It also describes the social history of this system through the department and district councils during the first third of the 19th century in the Rhône. The study on these councils enables us to question the process of selection and creation of an institutional notability. This way, we can understand the relationship between the state and the notables. In fact, the use of the prosopography method shows that these councils are a centerpiece in the creation of an essential social type in the society of the 19th century. They are also a way to see how power tries to associate the notables to a centralized and hierarchic system, and to count on the empowerment of a group which becomes more than a social and political basis, but stands for a territory and its inhabitants. Describing the sociography of these councils thanks to prosopography allows us to understand the link between a social group and the one which is institutionalized by the state. By analyzing the relationship between State, the prefects and the councils, this study aims to understand the links between the purpose that power pursues and the role played by the councils, and how it ables the sustainability and the empowerment of this departemental institution
Charouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010259.
Full textBerrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
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