Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clay-Based mixtures

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Clay-Based mixtures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Clay-Based mixtures"

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Lu, Zhen, Aimin Sha, and Wentong Wang. "Permeability Evaluation of Clay-quartz Mixtures Based on Low-Field NMR and Fractal Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051585.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology has been widely used for predicting permeability coefficients of porous medium, such as shales, sandstones, and coals. However, there have been limited studies on the prediction model of clay-quartz mixtures based on NMR technology. In this study, evaporation tests at 40 °C and NMR tests were simultaneously performed on eight clay-quartz mixtures with different mineral compositions. The results show that during the evaporation process, the decay rate of T2 total signal amplitudes was constant at first, and then decreased to 0 after a period of time.
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Gao, Xiaojing, Qiusheng Wang, and Guowei Ma. "Experimental Investigation on the Erosion Threshold and Rate of Gravel and Silty Clay Mixtures." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13290.

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Abstract. The field of cohesive and noncohesive mixture erosion is not fully understood because of the numerous factors that influence soil erodibility. In this study, erosion experiments were conducted on mixtures of gravel and silty clay in proportions varying from 0% to 100% by weight. The critical shear stress of erosion and the erosion rate were quantified using an erosion function apparatus (EFA). Experimental data revealed that the mixture critical shear stress first decreased and then increased with an increasing cohesive fraction for mixtures with silty clay contents up to 50%. The cr
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Dafalla, Muawia. "Predicting Swell in Clay-Sand Mixtures Used in Liners." Applied Sciences 13, no. 20 (2023): 11161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011161.

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A method to predict the swellability of clay-sand mixtures is proposed. This model is a modified form of the Studds (1997) prediction model for clay-sand mixtures. The new proposed model uses the laboratory fall cone penetration technique to produce a characterization chart. This chart presents slope levels that can be used to obtain an equation for the final clay void ratio versus the vertical effective stress for clays. The porosity of the clay-sand mixtures was worked out based on a correction factor obtained from compression and porosity measurements in the laboratory. The porosity of the
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Asamatdinov, Marat, Alexey Zhukov, Andrey Ushakov, and Bahram Tursmuratov. "Eco-friendly construction materials: Lime clay gipsum plaster mixtures." BIO Web of Conferences 145 (2024): 03047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414503047.

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Clay-gypsum raw materials and binders based on them are among the local building materials of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and their use makes it possible to regulate the import of gypsum binders and its derivatives, thereby optimizing supply chains. Clay gypsum is a natural formation of fine-grained crystalline gypsum, evenly mixed with clay or loam. The amount of gypsum ranges from 5 to 65%. The uniform distribution of clay particles in the gypsum matrix is due to the genesis of this sedimentary rock. Of interest are modifications of clay gypsum, including those using lime to produce lime
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Mendoza-Goden, Daniel, Rocio Rafaela Gallegos-Villela, Pedro Flores-Becerra, Josue Francisco Perez-Sanchez, Edgardo Jonathan Suarez-Dominguez, and Arturo Palacio-Perez. "Evaluation of Expanded Clay and Tuff as Lightweight Agents in Concrete Stabilized with Nopal Mucilage and Aloe Vera." Eng 6, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6010001.

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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the potential of lightweight concrete mixtures incorporating sustainable materials, such as nopal mucilage and aloe vera, to enhance thermal and structural performance while promoting eco-friendly construction practices. The objective is to analyze their effects on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties to optimize mixture design. Methods/Analysis: Six lightweight concrete mixtures were prepared using varying dosages of tuff, expanded clay, nopal mucilage, and aloe vera as lightweight and stabilizing agents. To assess their performance, a series of
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Panchenko, Alexander I., Vitaliy N. Solov’ev, Nikita A. Tretyakov, Alexander D. Chernov, and Ilmir R. Shaykhalov. "Evaluation of thixotropy of clay-gypsum based plaster." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.4.6.

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Introduction. Requirements for mineral based plasters are divided into two groups: technological and performance properties. Plasticity and ease of application are attributed to the technological properties. This determines the requirements for rheological characteristics and, first of all, for the thixotropy of mixtures. The technique is developed and tested on plaster compositions based on clay-gypsum binder which belongs to the category of local binders. Russia has significant reserves of this raw material, but at present it is not used industrially. The main reason is the lack of a scienti
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Alqenaee, Amnah Y., Ali M. Memari, and Maryam Hojati. "TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL COB CONSTRUCTION TO 3D PRINTING OF CLAY HOMES." Journal of Green Building 16, no. 4 (2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.4.3.

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ABSTRACT 3D printing of cementitious material can provide an affordable, sustainable, and optimized approach for the construction of homes, without compromising quality or craftsmanship. While most of the current research and development efforts in this field are focused on cement-based concrete printing, this paper focuses on the current state-of-the-art literature review of designing and developing a sustainable clay-based mixture design that mainly includes clay, sand, straw, lime, and water. The goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between typical traditional earth construction, specifi
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Tahar, Nouioua, Gueddouda Mohamed Kamel, Guoal Idriss, and Ferhat Ahmida. "Thermo-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks (CEB) stabilized and reinforced with fibers." South Florida Journal of Development 5, no. 10 (2024): e4500. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv5n10-020.

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This study is part of the development of eco-materials (dune sand, clay soil and natural fibers) for masonry and the rehabilitation of heritage in arid and semi-arid environments which are found in abundance in North Africa. The manufacture of compressed earth bricks stabilized (BTCS) has gained some momentum over the last decade. First, we present the results of characterization tests of sand-clay mixtures based on the compressive strength criterion. Secondly, an optimization of the stabilizer of the sand-clay mixtures using different percentages of lime was carried out. The choice of lime as
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Ni, Jing, Gang-Lai Hao, Jia-Qi Chen, Lei Ma, and Xue-Yu Geng. "The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073732.

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Sand–clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand–clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand–clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand–clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content an
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Liutyi, R., M. Fyodorov, M. Fesenko, and D. Liuta. "REGULATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF SAND-CLAY MOLDING MIXTURES BY SODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDITIONS." New Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2023-2-6.

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Purpose. Study of the effect of sodium phosphate additives on the properties of a reversible sand-clay mixture in the green and dry state to improve the quality of castings from iron-carbon and aluminum alloys.
 Research methods. A reversible molding mixture based on quartz sand and kaolin clay was used. The effect of three additives (sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate) in amounts from 0.5 to 2.0% was studied. Properties of mixture were determined using standard methods: clay component content, strength, gas permeability, crumbleness, flowability, form
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clay-Based mixtures"

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Nejmeh, Kassem. "Enhancing adhesion and Water Resistance in Clayey adhesives Mixtures : Strategies for Vertical and Horizontal Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2012.

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Le matériau argileux est depuis longtemps privilégié dans la construction pour ses caractéristiques respectueuses de l'environnement. Les fines particules d'argile jouent un rôle crucial dans l'amélioration de la cohésion de ces matériaux. Cette recherche se concentre sur l'exploration de mélanges à base d'argile en tant que substituts potentiels aux adhésifs traditionnels pour carreaux utilisés sur des dalles de béton. L'objectif est de développer un matériau présentant une forte résistance à l'adhérence et maintenant son intégrité même lorsqu'il est immergé dans l'eau. Étant donné la nature
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Terner, Mark Robert. "The production of low-cost α-sialons via carbothermal reduction-nitridation of slag-based mixtures". Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9577.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clay-Based mixtures"

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Huang, G., Y. Zhuge, T. Benn, and Y. Liu. "Optimisation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Based on Response Surface Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_13.

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AbstractLimestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is a new type of cement that contains Portland cement, calcined clay, and limestone. Compared with traditional cement clinker, LC3 reduces CO2 emissions by up to 40%, and is a promising technology for the cement industry to achieve its emission target. We used a numerical approach to predict the optimum composition of LC3 mortar. The experiments were performed using central composite rotational design under the response surface methodology. The method combined the design of mixtures and multi-response statistical optimization, in which the 28-day co
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Beigh, Mirza A. B., Venkatesh N. Nerella, Christof Schröfl, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Studying the Rheological Behavior of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) Mixtures in the Context of Extrusion-Based 3D-Printing." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2806-4_26.

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Gharzouni, Ameni, Clément Alizé, and Sylvie Rossignol. "Fire Resistant Geopolymers Based on Several Clays Mixtures." In Clay and Clay Minerals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98566.

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This chapter aims to highlight the effect of clay mixture mineral composition and alkali concentration of potassium alkaline solutions on the thermal behavior of geopolymer materials. For this, three mixtures composed of kaolin (pure, impure kaolin or mixture of both), calcium carbonate, sand and potassium feldspar and three potassium alkaline silicate solutions with different concentrations were used (5, 6 and 7 mol.L−1). At first, the effect of rotary calcination parameters at 750°C such as the dwell time (30, 60, 120 and 180 min) and weight powder (100, 400 and 500 g) was investigated. It w
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Eid M.M., Abdelrahman M.T., and Abdel-Aal F.M.B. "Sand bentonite mixture as a secondary liners in landfills." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-225.

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Engineering specifications for a compacted clay liner are based mainly on a permeability coefficient less than 10−7cm/s. Sand-bentonite mixtures are often used as a barrier material when there is a lack of naturally occurring clayey soils at a site. The addition of small amounts of bentonite (5-15%) improves the performance of a granular material providing a low permeability and an enhanced mechanical stability. In addition, bentonites, obtained in dry, powdered forms, are much easier to blend with onsite sandy soils and to be compacted than wet, sticky clods of clay. Thus, this pape
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Yang Shaoli, Lacasse Suzanne, and Forsberg Carl Fredrik. "Application of packing models on geophysical property of sediments." In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-869.

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Fines content plays an important role in the properties of two-size particle mixtures, for example sand-gravel, sand-silt and sand-clay. The determination of the porosity or void ratio based on the fines content is useful for characterization of the properties of such mixtures. The application of petrophysical and geotechnical models for binary packing materials are discussed in this study. The geotechnical model was used to predict the geophysical properties of sandstones with different amounts of fines. This study suggests a good potential to use this model for interpreting geophysical prope
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Cui, Yu-Jun, Anh-Minh Tang, Cyril Loiseau, and Pierre Delage. "A microstructure-based constitutive model for the hydro-mechanical coupling in compacted clay/sand mixtures." In Geomechanics and Geotechnics. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10528-7.

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"Clay-based matrices for chloride- and fluoride-containing radioactive wastes." In Book of Abstracts - RAD 2025 Conference. RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2025.46.1.

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Nowadays countries operating nuclear power plants have an ambitious goal – closing the nuclear fuel cycle. One of the major tasks is the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management. Due to the continuous development of fourth-generation nuclear reactor technologies there are some significant issues. For example, with the processing of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium SNF from fast-neutron reactors (FNR) that suggests the use of LiCl-KCl electrolyte in pyrochemical or combined technology [1]. In addition, eutectic mixtures of lithium, sodium and potassium fluorides (FLiNaK) are of interest for possible
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Jessen S.B. "Properties of Danish Clay Tills determined from laboratory testing." In Geotechnical Engineering: New Horizons. IOS Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-808-3-261.

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As a part of the soil investigations for the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link project (tunnel or bridge), a large series of more than 100 advanced laboratory tests has been executed on clay till by GEO (former Danish Geotechnical Institute) and partners. Likewise a large number of tests has been executed on Danish clay till for other projects, for example wind farms and the Great Belt Fixed link. The results from many of these tests have been collected in a database. Clay Till, which is one of the most common soil types in Denmark, is by nature a very mixed soil, due to its origin as a glacier deposit.
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Konrad J.-M. "Indirect estimation of segregation potential based on soil index properties." In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-3579.

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A new approach to estimate segregation potential values using the frost heave response of two reference soils is presented. The reference characteristics consist of a relationship between segregation potential at zero overburden pressure, specific surface area and average grain size of the fines fraction for two artificial soil mixtures in which the clay mineral is poorly crystallized kaolinite. The prediction of segregation potential values using the reference frost heave characteristics approach is more robust and reliable than other empirical approaches which do not specifically distinguish
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Seyedi Gelsefidi Seyed Alireza and Mamaghanian Jaber. "Stabilization of a Weak Low Plasticity Clay Soil Using Nanomaterial." In Advances in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-297-4-134.

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The application of nanotechnology in geotechnical engineering is a novel concept, in which there are little investigations in this scope. The use of this technology in some talented fields such as soil improvement, seepage and grouting will offer great advantages in geotechnics. In this way, the stabilization of a low plasticity clay soil was investigated using nanomaterial in this study. The weak soil was extracted from Boodian Road in North of Iran. The numbers of 80 unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were performed in this research. At the first part, the effect of lime on the enha
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Conference papers on the topic "Clay-Based mixtures"

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Abuazza, O., R. Elaish, K. Enawaa, S. Alomami, and A. Gaderbuh. "Evaluation of Sacrificial Anode Backfill Material." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08051.

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Abstract A common method of corrosion control of buried pipeline is that of cathodic protection involving the use of sacrificial anodes. To ensure maximum effectiveness of an anode, a suitable backfill material of Gypsum/Bentonite is required to maintain the necessary current flow. This material is generally inert and moisture retentive. In the River Project of Libya, the bentonite used was collected from two different clay member formations. The destructive inspection of zinc anodes revealed that the backfill material used from one formation (No. 1) has dried quickly and shrunk away from the
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Alkindi, Tawaddod, Mozah Alyammahi, and Rahmat Agung Susantyoko. "Investigation and Characterization of Clay Mixture Feedstock for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23715.

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Abstract The extrusion-based AM technique has been recently employed for rapid ceramic components fabrication due to scalability and cost-efficiency. This paper investigated aspects of the extrusion technique to print ceramic materials. Specifically, we assessed and developed a process recipe of the formulations (the composition of water and ethanol-based clay mixtures) and mixing processes. Different clay paste formulations were prepared by varying clay, water, ethanol ratios. The viscosity of clay paste was measured using a DV3T Viscometer. Afterward, the produced clay paste was used as a fe
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Stelescu, Maria Daniela, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, and Adriana Stefan. "Elastomeric nanomaterials based on natural rubber for the food industry." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.23.

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This paper presents the obtaining and characterization of new elastomeric nanocomposites based on natural rubber reinforced with plasticized starch, precipitated silica and layered clay, for obtaining consumer goods for the food industry. Obtaining nanocomposites was carried out by the technique of mixing and melt interleaving. The mixtures were vulcanized in the press, at high temperatures, using peroxides as vulcanizing agents, and triallyl cyanurate as vulcanizing coagent. In order to obtain products with improved characteristics, the influence of the amount of modified organic montmorillon
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Duartey, K. O., A. K. Quainoo, and C. K. Darko. "Evaluation Studies of KCl and Amino Acid Mixtures for Clay Stabilization and Rheological Enhancement of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217118-ms.

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Summary Conventional stabilizers such as inorganic salts in water-based fluids are restricted for use in gas and oil shales drilling and hydraulic fracturing for drilling due to environmental, economic and performance concerns. For example, 2% use of KCl, a commonly used inorganic salt, contains an excess of 9500ppm chloride. This is considered high and toxic. Apart from environmental problems, KCl inhibiting solutions tend to negatively affect the rheology of the water-based fluids, posing a dilemma for industry operators. The clay and rheological stabilizing effects of KCl and amino acid mix
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Žibret, Lea. "Evaluation of the Performance of Clay-Based Bricks With the Addition of Co-combustion Ash." In TBMCE, International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.1.2025.15.

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The gradual replacement of coal by local renewable resources leads to an increased production of co-combustion ashes (CC). Their disposal can be limited by their use in the construction sector, where they can partially replace primary raw materials. This study evaluates the incorporation of selected Slovenian CC ash into clay-based fired bricks within the EU AshCycle project. The tests included the measurement of water absorption, porosity, density, weight loss, shrinkage, flexural and compressive strength, and freeze-thaw resistance. Two types of clay were used to compare the influence of the
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Baghbani, A. "Predicting the strength of recycled glass powder-based geopolymers for improving mechanical behavior of clay soils using artificial intelligence." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-66.

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Abstract. The paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to predict the strength of recycled glass powder (RGP) and soil mixtures based on different input parameters. The study utilized a database of 57 sets with 5 inputs, including RGP percentage, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) percentage, molar concentration, curing temperature and time, and one output, mixed UCS. There were two artificial intelligence models used in this study, a support vector machines (SVM) and classification and regression random forest (CRRF). The results demonstrate the potential of RGP-based ge
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Prasad Dhakal, Om, Marco Loche, Ranjan Kumar Dahal, and Gianvito Scaringi. "Temperature dependence of the residual shear strength: the role of clay fraction." In 4th European Regional Conference of IAEG. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/euroengeo.2024.149.

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The residual shear strength is a fundamental parameter controlling landslide processes. In pure clays, this parameter is temperature-dependent according to the clay’s mineral composition and hydro-mechanical boundary conditions. However, landslide soils are typically heterogeneous mixtures with a variable content of clay minerals. Particularly for low-plasticity soils, the impact of changes in temperature on the mechanical response remains to be determined, and little can be said about possible macroscopic alterations of slope stability or landslide dynamics. We conducted ring-shear tests usin
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Olayiwola, Moses Azeez, Davies Oladayo Folorunso, and Moses Oladejo Tanimola. "Characterisation and Comparative Insulating Efficiencies of Wood Sawdust and Rice Husk in Glass Shavings Reinforced Termite Clay-Based Composite." In 2023 School of Engineering and Engineering Technology Annual Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hkqz2s.

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The characterisation and insulating efficiencies of sawdust and rice husk in glass shavings reinforced termite clay-based (GSRTC) composite has been compared. Termite clay was unearthed from the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) campus in Ondo State. It was processed to obtain 150 μm undersize. Glass shavings were processed to obtain 106 μm undersize. The glass shavings were then mixed with the termite clay in a constant weight proportion of 10%. Sawdust and rice husk were processed to obtain 150 μm undersize. The prepared blended GSRTC powder was mixed with the sawdust, and the r
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Karlina, Olga K., Galina A. Varlakova, Sergei A. Dmitriev, Michael I. Ojovan, Valery V. Poluektov, and Vladislav A. Petrov. "Thermochemical Conditioning of Radioactive Waste: Structure and Properties of Final Processed Product." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4560.

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Thermochemical processing method is based on utilization of energy of chemical reactions between components of special exothermic mixtures (termed heat base) to melt radioactive waste and form a vitreous melt after cooling of which a durable monolith product is formed in which radionuclides are fixed. Compositions were studied, structure and properties of final products of thermochemical treatment of ash residue from incineration of solid radioactive waste, spent inorganic ion exchangers (e.g. clinoptililite and silica gel), contaminated clay and sand-based soils, Investigations showed that ma
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Grande, L., E. Skurtveit, J. C. Choi, N. H. Mondol, N. H. Mondol, and N. Thompson. "Consolidation Behaviors of Clays, Mudstones and Shales -CO2 Storage Sites in Horda Platform, Offshore Norway." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0457.

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ABSTRACT: Clays, mudstones and shales above CO2 storage reservoirs are all together defining the top seal. In this paper, we evaluate the constrained modulus (M) and permeability (k) of clay sediments, mudstones and shales from the Horda Platform area, offshore Norway, where the CO2 storage sites Aurora, Smeaheia and Luna are located. We utilize a dataset of uniaxial strain tests in depth range 0-2.6 km including Quaternary clays from geotechnical site investigations (depth <220m), three mudstones (depth ca 1.1-1.4km) and one deep shale (depth ca 2.6km) and combine with the larger NGI d
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Reports on the topic "Clay-Based mixtures"

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Keene, Thea. Throwing Up: A Self-Guided Study in Clay Bodies. Montana State University, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15788/s2022.curio1.

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Based on the demands of her upcoming thesis project, Studio Arts major Thea Keene delves into the reasoning and technicalities of her research in clay bodies. Keene explains the dilemma caused by the range of firing temperatures for different types of clay, and how it influences the decision to experiment with new ones. Her research includes the tedious process of mixing and curing the clay, and a bit on the physics of throwing on the wheel. After testing three low-fire clay mixtures, Keene ultimately decides to use an earthenware terracotta for its color and maneuverability on the wheel.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phen
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