Relevant bibliographies by topics / CLE International

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'CLE International'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CLE International"

1

Gold, Neil. "Why not an International Journal of Clinical Legal Education?" International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 1 (July 18, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v1i0.127.

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Jerome Frank may have suggested the term Clinical Legal Education (CLE) first when he asked “Why Not a Clinical Lawyer School?”2; but, it was not until the New York City based Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility (CLEPR), funded by the Ford Foundation, took the pre-eminently active role in promoting and supporting law school-based experimentation in the 1970s and 1980s that CLE truly had an opportunity to develop. Over the past thirty plus years CLE has become more and more central to legal education, especially in the United States; innovations elsewhere have been fewer, more modest, and slower to develop, but of significance to the shifting culture of law learning, wherever they have taken place. The inception of the Journal3 marks an important milestone in the continuing development of CLE; for with this volume, we formally recognise that CLE is a vitally important and diverse phenomenon with a global reach.
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Ong, Andrew Ming-Liang, Warren Weng-Seng Fong, Adrian Kwok-Wai Chan, Ghee-Chee Phua, and Chee-Kian Tham. "Using the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure to Identify Areas for Improvement in a Singaporean Residency Program." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 4s (August 1, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00234.

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ABSTRACT Background Attributes of the clinical learning environment (CLE) are a measure of quality in postgraduate medical education, and assessing the CLE is a component of the New Accreditation System being introduced in Singapore by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education International. There is a dearth of published studies of CLE quality in Singapore. Objective Our study had 3 aims: (1) to measure the CLE in 1 Singaporean residency program; (2) to compare trainee perceptions by sex, training level, and experience; and (3) to identify areas for improvement. Methods Between October and December 2017, we conducted a mixed assessment of the CLE in an internal medicine program in Singapore, using the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) and qualitative exploration using a focus group. Results Of 153 IM residents, 136 (89%) provided PHEEM responses and 8 participated in the focus group. Total PHEEM scores and scores for the 3 subscales were higher than published data on the use of the PHEEM in international settings. Exploration of selected PHEEM responses via a focus group identified attributes associated with negative perceptions of the CLE: excessive workload, inadequate faculty presence in the CLE, and unmet trainee needs. It also suggested senior residents' clinical workloads, greater responsibilities, and pending examinations may contribute to their less positive perceptions of the CLE. Conclusions Our analysis using the PHEEM showed overall positive perceptions of the CLE, along with areas for improvement amenable to interventions. Our approach has relevance to an accreditation model with ongoing evaluation of the CLE.
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Lasky, Bruce, and Norbani Mohamed Nazeri. "The Development and Expansion of University-Based Community/Clinical Legal Education Programs in Malaysia: Means, Methods, Strategies." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 15 (July 17, 2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v15i0.56.

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<p>Beginning in 2003, the not-for-profit international human rights organization Bridges Across Borders Southeast Asia Community Legal Education Initiative (BABSEA CLE) began focusing on assisting in the development and expansion of university-based community/clinical legal education programs in the Southeast Asia region. Since that time, and as a result of this focus, university based CLE programs have been developed or expanded in Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, VietNam, Indonesia and Laos, with a continuously growing network of universities, both nationally and regionally. One of the flagship achievements of these activities has been the successful establishment of an accredited CLE program in Malaysia at the University of Malaya.</p><p>Finally the paper will identify strategic next steps in the development of this CLE movement within Malaysia, as well as its connection to institutions regionally throughout Southeast Asia and how the CLE movement intends to broaden its reach both within Malaysia</p>
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Petersen, M. Prütz, S. Möller, A. Bygum, A. Voss, and M. Bliddal. "Epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the associated risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark." Lupus 27, no. 9 (May 22, 2018): 1424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318777103.

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Objectives The objectives of this paper are to describe the epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and its subtypes in Denmark, and to investigate the probability of receiving a subsequent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the related time course. Methods A nationwide registry-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark based on data from the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2013 using International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10. Results We identified 2380 patients with CLE. The annual incidence rate (IR) of CLE was 2.74/100,000 with a female:male ratio of 4:1. During 12,047 person-years of follow-up, 8% were diagnosed with SLE. The probability of receiving a subsequent diagnosis of SLE was 12.9% after 10 years taking death as a competing risk into consideration, and the probability was highest among women and patients diagnosed with subacute CLE. The median time until a diagnosis of SLE was 2.05 years. Conclusions This is the first nationwide study on CLE in Denmark. Although we found the annual IR of CLE and the risk of receiving an additional diagnosis of SLE to be lower than previously described, continued monitoring and thorough information for patients with CLE is important due to the inherent risk of SLE.
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Sitohang, Irma Bernadette S., Agung Mohamad Rheza, Sondang P. Sirait, Eyleny Meisyah Fitri, and Lis Surachmiati Suseno. "Acne Vulgaris Mimicking Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in an Adolescent: Report of a Rare Case." Case Reports in Dermatology 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511530.

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Acne vulgaris is a chronic and self-limiting disorder of the pilosebaceous unit which is primarily seen in adolescents. Acne vulgaris presents as polymorphic lesions, consisting of comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, nodules, scarring, and dyspigmentation. Acneiform presentation of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is extremely rare. The presentation of CLE is notoriously diverse and often mimics a broad range of unrelated skin disorders. We present a case by referring to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); our patient’s conditions did not meet any of the clinical criteria of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) for SLE. Subsequent to thorough history-taking, physical examination, and laboratory evaluations, the diagnosis of acne vulgaris was established, and a diagnosis of CLE was excluded. As acneiform presentation of CLE is rare, we here present a case which resembled both acne vulgaris and CLE. We describe our experience in establishing the diagnosis of severe acne vulgaris accompanied by scars in a 12-year-old boy with a malar rash and scars on his frontal and malar area who had initially been misdiagnosed as having CLE. This unusual case highlights the broad spectrum of adolescent acne and the importance of clinical identification of the disease so that unnecessary workups might be avoided.
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Wapples, Emily. "Promoting Positive Mental Health in International Postgraduate Law Students at a Time of Global Uncertainty: A Case Study from qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 27, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v27i4.1056.

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Law student mental health and wellbeing was already a growing concern in the UK prior to COVID-19, but when the pandemic occurred, widespread uncertainty placed an unprecedented level of mental health burden on students. Law students were faced with dashed hopes, uncertain futures and the fear of negative academic consequences. This burden was exacerbated in respect of postgraduate international students in London, who were often also forced to decide whether to return home to their families, or to continue their studies abroad, albeit online.This paper uses a case study approach to discuss how one provider of postgraduate clinical legal education (CLE), approached the promotion of positive student mental health both before, and in response to, the pandemic. qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London provides CLE to postgraduates studying for a one year law masters, and in 2019-2020, qLegal delivered CLE to 134 students from 27 countries. The impact that the pandemic had on the mental health of international postgraduate law students was therefore witnessed first-hand.This paper discusses the challenges faced, and concerns raised by international postgraduate law students at qLegal as a result of the pandemic. It examines the steps taken by qLegal to maximise student engagement and promote positive student mental health when rapidly switching to a model of online delivery. The paper concludes by outlining the steps qLegal will take to monitor and address the impact that online delivery in this period of global uncertainty has on the mental health of the next cohort of postgraduate CLE students.
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Wapples, Emily. "Promoting Positive Mental Health in International Postgraduate Law Students at a Time of Global Uncertainty: A Case Study from qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London." International Journal of Public Legal Education 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijple.v4i2.1134.

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Law student mental health and wellbeing was already a growing concern in the UK prior to COVID-19, but when the pandemic occurred, widespread uncertainty placed an unprecedented level of mental health burden on students. Law students were faced with dashed hopes, uncertain futures and the fear of negative academic consequences. This burden was exacerbated in respect of postgraduate international students in London, who were often also forced to decide whether to return home to their families, or to continue their studies abroad, albeit online. This paper uses a case study approach to discuss how one provider of postgraduate clinical legal education (CLE), approached the promotion of positive student mental health both before, and in response to, the pandemic. qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London provides CLE to postgraduates studying for a one year law masters, and in 2019-2020, qLegal delivered CLE to 134 students from 27 countries. The impact that the pandemic had on the mental health of international postgraduate law students was therefore witnessed first-hand. This paper discusses the challenges faced, and concerns raised by international postgraduate law students at qLegal as a result of the pandemic. It examines the steps taken by qLegal to maximise student engagement and promote positive student mental health when rapidly switching to a model of online delivery. The paper concludes by outlining the steps qLegal will take to monitor and address the impact that online delivery in this period of global uncertainty has on the mental health of the next cohort of postgraduate CLE students.
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8

Wapples, Emily. "Promoting Positive Mental Health in International Postgraduate Law Students at a Time of Global Uncertainty: A Case Study from qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 27, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v27i4.1133.

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Law student mental health and wellbeing was already a growing concern in the UK prior to COVID-19, but when the pandemic occurred, widespread uncertainty placed an unprecedented level of mental health burden on students. Law students were faced with dashed hopes, uncertain futures and the fear of negative academic consequences. This burden was exacerbated in respect of postgraduate international students in London, who were often also forced to decide whether to return home to their families, or to continue their studies abroad, albeit online. This paper uses a case study approach to discuss how one provider of postgraduate clinical legal education (CLE), approached the promotion of positive student mental health both before, and in response to, the pandemic. qLegal at Queen Mary, University of London provides CLE to postgraduates studying for a one year law masters, and in 2019-2020, qLegal delivered CLE to 134 students from 27 countries. The impact that the pandemic had on the mental health of international postgraduate law students was therefore witnessed first-hand. This paper discusses the challenges faced, and concerns raised by international postgraduate law students at qLegal as a result of the pandemic. It examines the steps taken by qLegal to maximise student engagement and promote positive student mental health when rapidly switching to a model of online delivery. The paper concludes by outlining the steps qLegal will take to monitor and address the impact that online delivery in this period of global uncertainty has on the mental health of the next cohort of postgraduate CLE students.
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Lipatova, L. "International migration in Russia: Key directions and possible effects." National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2020-2-58-62.

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Based on the analysis of statistical information and expert estimates, the arti-cle examines the situation in the Russian Federation in the field of international migration. The main trends and problems are identified, and ways to solve them are proposed. The special danger of the emigration of young people, entrepreneurs, scientists and highly qualified specialists is emphasized.
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Rispail, Marielle. "Adami Hervé, La formation linguistique des migrants, CLE international, 2009, 128 pages." Lidil, no. 40 (December 1, 2009): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lidil.2891.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CLE International"

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Mohamed. "La coopération CEE/Maghreb." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0027.

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En ayant recours à une documentation de première main, tant en arabe qu'en francais, l'auteur tente de démontrer tout d'abord l'échec des relations de la CEE, en tant qu'ensemble régional, avec les pays du Maghreb pris isolement. Il analyse les trois domaines principaux de la coopération CEE pays du Maghreb, la coopération commerciale, la coopération financière et technique, enfin la coopération en matière de pêche et relève les insuffisances de la politique maghrebine de la CEE. Puis l'auteur s'interroge sur les possibilités d'élargir cette coopération en la transformant en coopération associant deux ensembles régionaux, l'union du Maghreb Arabe (UMA) et la CEE. Il commence tout d'abord par présenter les conditions dans lesquelles a été instituée l'UMA. Après avoir analysé le traité de Marrakech examine la mise en place des institutions de l'UMA et leur fonctionnement, il procède à l'examen des relations inaugurées par les deux organisations régionales.
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Rezai, Armon. "Demand and distribution in integrated economies." Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beu060.

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Aggregate demand is influenced by the functional income distribution of an economy and that of its trading partners. This relationship between income distribution and output is analyzed in a short-run two-country Neo-Kaleckian model. The effects of devaluation and redistribution are discussed in detail. Trade and redistribution within one country interact and output increases or decreases with changes in either depending on the specific distributional and exchange rate movements. The Marshall-Lerner condition is shown to be equivalent to the assumption of expansionary devaluation. If devaluation increases output, national redistribution policy toward wage earners is also more likely to be expansionary. (author's abstract)
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Sittivaekin, Panumas. "Le cadre juridique des relations commerciales et d'investissement entre la CEE et la Thaïlande." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020067.

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Notre etude portera sur le cadre juridique des relations commerciales entre la thailande et la cee et la politique d'investissement entre les deux partenaires. La dimension asean dont la thailande est partie integrante fera l'objet d'une analyse prelimiinaire avant d'aborder les principales questions du sujet. Le present travail s'articulera autour de quatre grandes questions sans la premiere partie. Premierement, la base juridique des relations commerciales pour les exportations en provenance de la thailande - pays en voie de developpement - est le traitement preferentiel selon le schema communautaire de preference generalisee. Deuxiemement, cespreferences ne sont pourtant guere comparables a celles dites speciales consenties dans le cadre de la convention de lome, troisiemement, l'environnement commercial international selon le gatt n'est pas a negliger. Enfin, l'achevement dumarche unique europeen de la cee est egalement aborde, en ce qu'il interesse ses incidences sur la thailande. En ce qui concerne la deuxieme partie du travail, elle sera consacree aux instruments juridiques des accords bilateraux d'investissement. Ensuite, le code d'investissement, instrument de dernier recours aux investisseurs europeens, et le cadre juridique d'etablissement sera etudie
Our study deals with the legal frame of the commercial relations between thailand and the eec, and investment policies between the two partners. Asean's dimension, in with thailand is integrated, must be taken into account as preliminary analyse, before considering the main questions of the subject. This present discussion, as our first part, consiers four topics as : 1st, legal ground of the commercial relation for exportation from thailand, developping country, is the preferential treatment according to community scheme of the generalized preference. 2nd, these preferences are, nevertheless, not comparable with the preferences called special, given under the lome convention. 3rd, the international commercial environment, according to gatt, is not neglectedc. Lastly, the completion of the single european market, is also considered in its consequences on thailand. Our second part shall begin with the legal instrument of the investment bilateral convention. Then, the investment law, as the last resort for european investors, and the legal frame of establishment will be studied
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Said, Laghlam. "L'économie marocaine face à l'élargissement de la CEE à l'Espagne et au Portugal." Orléans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ORLE0502.

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L'entree de l'espagne et du portugal au seind e la cee, a renforce l'agriculture de ces 2 pays notamment dans la production des produits mediterraneens. Cette nouvelle situation a renforce les inquietudes des autorites marocaines. Dans ce cadre c'est toute la question sur la mondialisation et la regionalisation qui est posee. En effet, les exportations du maroc vers la cee, sont directement concurrencees par les produits espagnols et portugais, de plus, ces deux derniers pays membres de la cee, beneficient de plusieurs avantages, par rapport au maroc, notamment : la libre circulation des marchandises a travers tous les pays membres de la cee ; la preference communautaire ; la solidarite financiere entre pays membre de la cee. Cet elargissement de la cee implique au moins 3 mutations economiques au seing de la cee : l'auto-suffisance de la cee pour les produits dits mediterranees ; un inevitable reamenagement des liens commerciaux entre la cee et les pays mediterranees ; la solidarite europeenne entre pays membre et les enjeux financiers de la p. A. C. Face a ces implications, l'economie marocaine est caracterisee par un degre de permeabilite aux phenomenes conjoncturels et ou structurels, internes et ou externes, qui n'augure pas un avenir meilleur
THE ENTRANCE OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL INTO THE EEC HAS strengthENED THE AGRICULTURE OF THESE TWO COUNTRIES, AND MORE PARTICULARLY THE PRODUCTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PRODUCTS. THIS NEW SITUATION HAS REINFORCED THE MOROCCAN AUTHORITIES ANXIETY. IN THIS CONTEXT, A QUESTION CAN BE ASKED ABOUT THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EFFECTS OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. THE MOROCCAN EXPORTS TOWARDS THE EEC ARE INDEED DIRECTLY CHALLENGED BY THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE PRODUCTS ; MOREOVER, THESE LAST TWO MEMBERS OF THE EEC, HAVE SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OVER MOROCCO AND MORE PARTICULARLY : FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS WITHIN THE EEC I. E. BETWEEN ALL THE MEMBER STATES ; THE COMMUNITY PREFERENCE FOR THE EEC PRODUCTS ; THE FINANCIAL SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE EEC MEMBERS; THE WIDENING OF THE EEC ENTAILS AT LEAST THREE ECONOMIC CHANGES WITHIN THE EEC : EEC SELF SUFFICIENCY FOR THE SO CALLED MEDITERRANEAN GOODS ; AN UNAVOIDABLE REARRANGEMENT OF THE COMMERCIAL LINKS BETWEEN THE EEC AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE MEMBER COUNTRIES AND THE FINANCIAL STAKES OF THE C. A. P. FACED WITH THESE CHANGES, THE MOROCCAN ECONOMY IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DEGREE OF PERMEABILITY TO CONJONCTURAL AND OR STRUCTURAL INTERNAL AND OR EXTERNAL PHENOMENA WHICH DON'T LET US EXPECT A BETTER FUTURE
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Hay, Julien. "Analyse économique du système international CLC/FIPOL comme instrument de prévention des marées noires." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422559.

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L'objet de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'efficacité du régime international de responsabilité et d'indemnisation CLC/FIPOL en matière de prévention des marées noires. La méthodologie proposée s'inspire principalement de l'analyse économique des règles de responsabilité, tout en explorant à la fin l'analyse économique des accords environnementaux internationaux. L'exercice de recherche proposé combine à la fois analyse institutionnelle, travail empirique et modélisation théorique.
Les deux premiers chapitres établissent l'intérêt potentiel du régime international comme instrument de prévention des marées noires, l'un sur le plan théorique, l'autre sur le plan empirique. L'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime international consiste, d'une part, à apprécier la capacité du régime international à indemniser l'intégralité du coût social des marées noires (chapitre 3) et, d'autre part, à étudier les incitations fournies aux propriétaires de navires et aux compagnies pétrolières pour qu'ils adoptent des pratiques suffisamment sûres en matière gestion des risques pétroliers (chapitre 4 et 5). Le sixième chapitre ouvre le cadre d'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime CLC/FIPOL en étudiant les conséquences de l'élaboration collective du régime international sur sa fonction préventive.
Les résultats obtenus permettent d'identifier différents mécanismes par lesquels le pouvoir incitatif du régime international pourrait être accru. Cependant, les analyses conduites indiquent également que la fonction préventive du régime international est limitée par différents facteurs qui peuvent difficilement être corrigés au moyen d'une modification des conventions CLC et FIPOL.
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Krutišová, Alena. "Integration of the equity markets in the CEE countries - opportunity for international portfolio diversification." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96351.

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There are several advantages of capital markets integration, such as increasing overall market liquidity, improving the scope for diversification and risk sharing. Therefore, the European institutions try to boost capital markets integration among the member states. The aim of this empirical paper is to analyse the level of integration of the main equity markets in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria from 2001 until 2010 using an integration score analysis. This methodology was proposed by Akdogan (1996; 1997) and later extended by Barari (2004) and by Birg & Lucey (2006). The paper focuses on the developments of regional and global integration of these countries. Findings from this research can be of interest to investors as well as policy makers because the degree of capital markets integration has important implications for cross-border capital flows, financial management, and for the conduct of monetary policy. The results from this paper suggest that the opportunities for portfolio diversification are diminishing in the CEE countries. The diversification benefits were mainly reduced by the accession to the EU, but they did not completely disappear. The findings showed that the global financial crisis in 2008 brought about a rapid change in integration. Global integration increased during the crises, whereas the regional started to decline after years of rising.
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Song, Seung-Jong. "Conventional arms control in Europe : the evaluation of MBFR and CFE /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717151.

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Harfi, Mohamed. "Flux commerciaux, investissements directs et production étrangère dans une analyse intégrée de la spécialisation à l'échange bilatéral CEE Etats-Unis." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10037.

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Devant la complexité des nouvelles données de l'économie mondiale, les théories économiques et les analyses empiriques fournissent des explications partielles notamment, en matière de spécialisation à l'échange. Cette dernière est analysée dans une optique dichotomique : approche par les flux commerciaux et approche par les flux d'investissements directs. L'approche intégrée proposée constitue une analyse de la spécialisation à l'échange intégrant les flux d'investissement direct aux flux commerciaux via la production étrangère. Le modèle MICI permet d'une part de rendre compte des stratégies croisées des pays d'origine, pays d'accueil et des firmes multinationales pour satisfaire les demandes intérieure et extérieure ; d'autre part, de conceptualiser le nouveau schéma de l'échange international, échange au sens large intégrant flux commerciaux, flux intra firme et production étrangère. L'étude dynamique de la spécialisation à l'échange bilatéral CEE Etats-Unis a été menée dans cette double optique pour rendre compte de leurs forces et faiblesses.
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Réguigne, Bruno. "Le Rôle monétaire international du Deutsche Mark." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE0003.

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Le Deutsche Mark, par la stabilité et le prestige qu'il a su acquérir sur le plan national et international, est devenu une monnaie internationale clé et la monnaie européenne de référence. La fermeté du deutsche mark, qui constitue en quelque sorte le label de la RFA, n'a été possible qu'au prix de la stricte observation du dogme inscrit, en 1957, dans les statuts de la deutsche Bundesbank (dont l'indépendance a été et restera le meilleur garant de la stabilité du deutsche mark) : la stabilité, rien que la stabilité monétaire. Cette constance de la Bundesbank dans une politique de stabilité a suscité une grande confiance, rarement démentie, de la part des étrangers dans la monnaie allemande. Si bien que, malgré les réticences de la Bundesbank de laisser se développer le rôle international du mark, celui-ci est devenu la deuxième monnaie internationale de réserve et de placement derrière le dollar, et c'est une euro-monnaie de première importance. Par ailleurs, le deutsche mark, depuis le lancement du SME, joue de facto le rôle de monnaie centrale de ce système. Le mark assurant l'articulation entre le SME et le SMI. De ce fait, la contrainte monétaire externe de la RFA se situe non pas à l'intérieur du SME, comme pour les autres pays participants, mais plutôt comme interface entre le SME et le reste du monde
Deutsche mark, by its acquired stability and prestige on the national and international level, has become an international currency key and the European currency of reference. The strength of deutsche mark, which constitutes in a way the label of Germany, has only been possible by the strict observation of the dogma inscribed, in 1957, in the deutsche Bundesbank’s status (the independence of this institute has been and will stay the best security of the deutsche mark's stability) : stability, nothing but monetary stability. This constancy of the Bundesbank in a policy of stability has induced a large and rarely denied confidence in the German currency from non-residents. So that, in spite of the reticences of the Bundesbank for developing the international role of the mark, this currency has gradually become the second international currency of reserve and investment behing the us dollar, and it is an euro-currency of first importance. Otherwise, since the beginning of the EMS, the deutsche mark plays de facto, the role of central money of this system. The mark insuring the articulation between the EMS and the IMS. Therefore, the external monetary constraint of Germany is not inside the ems, as the other countries members, but is rather to be an interface between the ems and the rest of the world
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Novotná, Dana. "Československá agrární politika, agrární cla a zahraniční obchod v meziválečném období." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162875.

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This thesis will focus on the issue of linking agricultural policy, agricultural tariffs and trade inter-war Czechoslovakia. It focuses on blending the implementation of agrarian circles Czechoslovak interests in foreign trade. In the field of view of the structure of the ambivalence of the Czechoslovak economy as industrial-agrarian country. The work is the analysis of official statistics of foreign trade. Use of the historical and contemporary literature and archival studies.
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Books on the topic "CLE International"

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Diodato, Emidio. Che cos'è la geopolitica. Roma: Carocci, 2011.

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Moro, Lucía Millán. La armonización de legislaciones en la CEE. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 1986.

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Schmitthoff, Clive M. Schmitthoff export trade: The law and practice of international trade. Andover: Sweet & Maxwell, 1997.

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Assogba, Jean-Innocent. Ces économies ACP dans la stratégie CEE. Cotonou, Bénin: Editions du Flamboyant, 1995.

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Che 2-ch'a haek anbo chŏngsang hoeŭi wa Pukhan haek munje. Sŏul-si: T'ongil Yŏn'guwŏn, 2011.

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Baricco, Alessandro. Next: Piccolo libro sulla globalizzazione e sul mondo che verrà. Milano: Feltrinelli, 2002.

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The growth and structure of international trade since the Second World War. Brighton, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1985.

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Briscoe, Lynden. The growth and structure of international trade since the Second World War. Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1985.

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Kim, Myŏng-gi. Pukpang chŏngchʻaek chʻujin e issŏ chegi toenŭn kukche, kungnaepŏpchŏk che munje. [Seoul]: Kuktʻo Tʻongirwŏn Chosa Yŏnʼgusil, 1988.

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Yŏ, Chŏng-dong. Kukche chŏngchʻi wa che-3 segye: Iron, inyŏm, yŏksa. Sŏul: Nanam Chʻulpʻan, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "CLE International"

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Brkić, Nenad, and Denis Berberović. "International Marketing." In Hidden Champions in CEE and Turkey, 69–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40504-4_6.

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Claridge, Brian, and Cary L. Cooper. "Jeff Banks CBE — International Fashion Designer." In Stress in the Spotlight, 154–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137292353_20.

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Stoiljković, V. "CAE in Sheet Forming." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Matador Conference, 99–105. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12433-6_14.

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Leadbetter, R., and M. Mccoll. "CAE Applied to Twist Drills." In Proceedings of the Thirtieth International MATADOR Conference, 143–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13255-3_19.

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Smith, Alexander. "CLEO Results on Hadron Spectroscopy." In International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, 353–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59982-8_29.

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Besson, Dave. "Tau and Charm Results from CLEO." In International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, 595–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59982-8_92.

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Su, D., and K. S. Henthorn. "CAE for Cam Mechanism Design/Manufacture/Testing and its Utilization for Undergraduate CAE Course." In Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Matador Conference, 189–94. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13796-1_30.

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Miller, David H. "Recent Results on B Decays from CLEO." In International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, 572–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59982-8_85.

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Kreinick, David L. "Searches for b→u Transitions at CLEO." In XXIV International Conference on High Energy Physics, 511–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74136-4_31.

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Lassila, Jukka, Heikki Palm, and Tarmo Valkonen. "Pension Policies and International Capital Mobility." In Pension Policies and Public Debt in Dynamic CGE Models, 139–66. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01660-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "CLE International"

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Wei, Ping, Xu An Wang, and Xiaoyuan Yang. "Proxy Re-encryption from CLE to CBE." In 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cis.2010.79.

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Klare, Jens, Olaf Saalmann, Helmut Wilden, and Andreas R. Brenner. "Environmental monitoring with the imaging MIMO radars MIRA-CLE and MIRA-CLE X." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5651824.

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Belahcen, Anas, Mounia Abik, and Rachida Ajhoun. "Knowledge construction in the Connectivist Learning Environment — CLE." In 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithet.2013.6671027.

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Belarcen, Anas, Mounia Abik, and Rachida Ajroun. "ESB based communication in the connectivist learning environment — CLE." In 2013 3rd International Symposium ISKO-Maghreb. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isko-maghreb.2013.6728110.

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Horton, Brandon, and Javid Bayandor. "Quantifying the Fluid Modeling Capability of SPH and CLE Through the Study of the Lid-Driven Cavity Problem." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7808.

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Despite recent interest in complex fluid-structure interaction problems, the baseline fluid modeling capability for commercially available numerical methodologies used for multidisciplinary analysis is yet to be established. The current work is among those to first underline such a reference for coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian (CLE) and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). These methodologies are quantitatively assessed using the classical 2-D lid-driven cavity and compared against an implicit Navier-Stokes solution in addition to other benchmarks from the literature. Qualitative comparison is made through the use of velocity magnitude contour plots with accompanying streamlines, whereas quantitative analysis is made using centerline velocity profiles for both U and V flows. Throughout the investigated Reynolds numbers (1000–20,000), SPH provides inaccurate results and is unable to represent vorticity in the cavity corners. Alternatively, CLE retains a high level of accuracy up to Re = 10,000, before deviating from published literature at Re = 20,000. In addition to being qualitatively similar, the centerline profiles consistently display ≤ 10% error when compared to the Navier-Stokes solutions. By establishing the limits of closed-system fluid modeling capability for SPH and CLE, this work can be extended to full fluid-scenarios.
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Fretheim-Kelly, Zoe, Ola Røksund, John-Helge Heimdal, Hege Clemm, Marie Vollsæter, and Thomas Halvorsen. "Establishing normal laryngeal resistance measurements for the Continuous Laryngoscopy Exercise (CLE)-Test." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2478.

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Mooij - Kalverda, Kirsten A., Lizzy Wijmans, Lieuwe Bos, Marry Smit, Inge Van Den Berk, Daniel De Bruin, Peter Bonta, Marcus Schultz, and Jouke Annema. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in patients with acute respiratory failure on the ICU." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3170.

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Wijmans, Lizzy, Daniel De Bruin, Joris Roelofs, Rene Jonkers, Peter Bonta, Venerino Poletti, Juergen Hetzel, and Jouke Annema. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) as a Guidance Tool for Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsies in ILD." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.oa2163.

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Guo, Xin, Lin Wang, Junhua Zhang, Chunlei Ye, and Daping Wang. "Construction of university Collaboration and Learning Environment (CLE) Based on open source software sakai?" In 2010 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetc.2010.5529188.

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Wijmans, Lizzy, Daniel De Bruin, Joris Roelofs, Inge Van Den Berk, Rene Jonkers, Peter Bonta, Venerino Poletti, and Jouke Annema. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) for Differentiating the Underlying Cause of Ground Glass Opacities in ILD Patients." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa3655.

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Reports on the topic "CLE International"

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Vieira, Gonçalo, Maria Teresa Cabrita, and Ana David. Portuguese Polar Program: Annual Report 2019. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20200002.

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This Annual Report of the Portuguese Polar Program, PROPOLAR reports the main activities conducted between August 2018 and December 2019 The PROPOLAR is led by the CEG/IGOT University of Lisbon, under a Coordinating Committee that includes members of other 4 Portuguese research institutions CCMAR University of the Algarve, MARE University of Coimbra, CQE University of Lisbon, and CIIMAR University of Oporto The Program is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia MCTES FCT) as a development of its former Polar Office The activities herein disclosed reflect a very busy and inspiring year The PROPOLAR supported fifteen projects that were successfully carried out in the Arctic and Antarctica Logistics continued to be based on international cooperation and on a Portuguese funded Antarctic flight open to partner programs Logistical support in Antarctica was mainly provided by Spain, Chile and the Republic of Korea, also with strong cooperation in research and facilities with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Peru, Turkey, United States of America and Uruguay Participation in international meetings and workshops, as well as the organisation of a symposium and an international meeting, and the support provided to the Portuguese Conference on Polar Science, fulfilled and enriched this very active period, also helping to reinforce the credibility and relevance of the program in the international polar arena B ringing together all these efforts and resources will surely attract and mobilise more young researchers into a Polar scientific career, thus ensuring the future of the Portuguese Polar science, and that the program will continue to blossom We are confident that the successes that PROPOLAR has had in 2019 will serve as an impetus for our very dynamic and committed community of polar researchers to move forward in in vesting in the future of the Portuguese P olar science and preparing to seize new opportunities
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Cabrita, Maria Teresa, Ana David, and Gonçalo Vieira. Portuguese Polar Program Annual Report 2020. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20210001.

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The Portuguese Polar Program - PROPOLAR is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ( based at Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território ( of the University of Lisbon ( The coordination of PROPOLAR is led by the Centro de Estudos Geográficos from Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território University of Lisbon (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA), under a Coordinating Committee that includes members from 4 other research centres, namely the Centro de Ciências do Mar University of Algarve (CCMAR UALG), the Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente University of Coimbra (MARE UC), the Centro de Química Estrutural from Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisboa (CQE/IST ULISBOA), and the Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental University of Oporto (CIIMAR U PORTO) Gonçalo Vieira (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA) is the Head of the program The remarkable effort and commitment of the Portuguese Polar scientists, within the framework of the International Polar Year ( 2007 08 were key to promote awareness of the importance of Polar science and research for Portugal A strategic plan encompassing three main objectives was then set out to i creating a Portuguese Polar Program focused on polar research and innovation and supporting the young generation of Polar scientists,scientists,( signing the Antarctic Treaty, and ( implementing a national Polar education and outreach program With the support of the FCT, PROPOLAR started in 2007 Portugal ratified the Antarctic Treaty in 2010 and the Madrid Protocol in 2014 and has established liaisons with major international Polar scientific and management organisations and networks PROPOLAR in close connection with the FCT, has ensured consolidation and sustainability of the development of Portuguese Polar science
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RESEARCH PRIORITIES: Western Balkans Snapshot. RESOLVE Network, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rp2020.1.wb.

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Amidst the evolving threat of violent extremism (VE) worldwide, the Western Balkans face substantial challenges to social cohesion and stability. As elsewhere, narratives of religious, far right, and nationalist militancy resonate with vulnerable youth populations in Western Balkan countries where a history of ethnic, religious, and civil strife created a situation vulnerable to terrorist recruitment at home and abroad. Individuals who traveled to fight alongside violent extremist organizations abroad are returning to their home countries following the territorial losses of extremist groups in Syria and Iraq. At the same time, ethno-nationalist extremism continues to gain traction and expand across the region. While some of these topics have received increased attention in the current body of literature, others remain under-researched. Existing research topics also require more field research and deeper conceptual foundation. The resulting gaps in our collective understanding point to the need for further research on evolving social and VE dynamics in the Western Balkans. More rigorous and grounded research, in this regard, can help inform and improve efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE) in the region. In 2019, the RESOLVE Network convened local and international experts to discuss research gaps and develop a preliminary list of research priorities for P/CVE moving forward in the Western Balkans. The topics identified in this Research Priorities Snapshot reflect their collective expertise, in-depth understanding, and commitment to continued analysis of VE trends and dynamics in the region.
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Recensement des Priorités de Recherche sur L’extrémisme Violent en Afrique du Nord et au Sahel 2018. RESOLVE Network, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rp2021.2.lcb.

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Tandis que la dynamique sociopolitique des conflits et de l’insécurité continue à évoluer en Afrique du Nord et au Sahel, les efforts visant à mettre la priorité sur l’exploration des tendances actuelles et émergentes de l’extrémisme violent restent importants. Depuis des décennies, les conflits violents, la mauvaise gestion des ressources, les changements environnementaux et la faiblesse des gouvernements (par manque de capacité institutionnelle ou en résultante d’une approche élitiste prédatrice) ont contribué à des cycles d’instabilité et de fragilité de l’État. Les organisations extrémistes violentes comme Boko Haram, al-Qaeda et l’État islamique autoproclamé et ses affiliés ont profité de cette instabilité. Tandis que les groupes, les tactiques et les contextes continuent d’évoluer, il est indispensable d’accorder une plus grande attention aux menaces actuelles et émergentes pour la paix et la stabilité dans la région. En 2018, le RESOLVE Network a réuni plus de 30 chercheurs, praticiens et responsables politiques internationaux, régionaux et locaux possédant diverses compétences en matière de gouvernance locale, de développement, de prévention et de lutte contre l’extrémisme violent (P/CVE) dans le bassin du lac Tchad et la région proche. Les sujets identifiés ici résultent de l’évaluation collective par les participants de la dynamique actuelle, de l’expertise, de la compréhension approfondie et de la détermination à poursuivre l’analyse des tendances et dynamiques de l’extrémisme violent (EV) dans la région.
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