Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CLE International'
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Mohamed. "La coopération CEE/Maghreb." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0027.
Full textRezai, Armon. "Demand and distribution in integrated economies." Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beu060.
Full textSittivaekin, Panumas. "Le cadre juridique des relations commerciales et d'investissement entre la CEE et la Thaïlande." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020067.
Full textOur study deals with the legal frame of the commercial relations between thailand and the eec, and investment policies between the two partners. Asean's dimension, in with thailand is integrated, must be taken into account as preliminary analyse, before considering the main questions of the subject. This present discussion, as our first part, consiers four topics as : 1st, legal ground of the commercial relation for exportation from thailand, developping country, is the preferential treatment according to community scheme of the generalized preference. 2nd, these preferences are, nevertheless, not comparable with the preferences called special, given under the lome convention. 3rd, the international commercial environment, according to gatt, is not neglectedc. Lastly, the completion of the single european market, is also considered in its consequences on thailand. Our second part shall begin with the legal instrument of the investment bilateral convention. Then, the investment law, as the last resort for european investors, and the legal frame of establishment will be studied
Said, Laghlam. "L'économie marocaine face à l'élargissement de la CEE à l'Espagne et au Portugal." Orléans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ORLE0502.
Full textTHE ENTRANCE OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL INTO THE EEC HAS strengthENED THE AGRICULTURE OF THESE TWO COUNTRIES, AND MORE PARTICULARLY THE PRODUCTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PRODUCTS. THIS NEW SITUATION HAS REINFORCED THE MOROCCAN AUTHORITIES ANXIETY. IN THIS CONTEXT, A QUESTION CAN BE ASKED ABOUT THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EFFECTS OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. THE MOROCCAN EXPORTS TOWARDS THE EEC ARE INDEED DIRECTLY CHALLENGED BY THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE PRODUCTS ; MOREOVER, THESE LAST TWO MEMBERS OF THE EEC, HAVE SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OVER MOROCCO AND MORE PARTICULARLY : FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS WITHIN THE EEC I. E. BETWEEN ALL THE MEMBER STATES ; THE COMMUNITY PREFERENCE FOR THE EEC PRODUCTS ; THE FINANCIAL SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE EEC MEMBERS; THE WIDENING OF THE EEC ENTAILS AT LEAST THREE ECONOMIC CHANGES WITHIN THE EEC : EEC SELF SUFFICIENCY FOR THE SO CALLED MEDITERRANEAN GOODS ; AN UNAVOIDABLE REARRANGEMENT OF THE COMMERCIAL LINKS BETWEEN THE EEC AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE MEMBER COUNTRIES AND THE FINANCIAL STAKES OF THE C. A. P. FACED WITH THESE CHANGES, THE MOROCCAN ECONOMY IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DEGREE OF PERMEABILITY TO CONJONCTURAL AND OR STRUCTURAL INTERNAL AND OR EXTERNAL PHENOMENA WHICH DON'T LET US EXPECT A BETTER FUTURE
Hay, Julien. "Analyse économique du système international CLC/FIPOL comme instrument de prévention des marées noires." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422559.
Full textLes deux premiers chapitres établissent l'intérêt potentiel du régime international comme instrument de prévention des marées noires, l'un sur le plan théorique, l'autre sur le plan empirique. L'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime international consiste, d'une part, à apprécier la capacité du régime international à indemniser l'intégralité du coût social des marées noires (chapitre 3) et, d'autre part, à étudier les incitations fournies aux propriétaires de navires et aux compagnies pétrolières pour qu'ils adoptent des pratiques suffisamment sûres en matière gestion des risques pétroliers (chapitre 4 et 5). Le sixième chapitre ouvre le cadre d'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime CLC/FIPOL en étudiant les conséquences de l'élaboration collective du régime international sur sa fonction préventive.
Les résultats obtenus permettent d'identifier différents mécanismes par lesquels le pouvoir incitatif du régime international pourrait être accru. Cependant, les analyses conduites indiquent également que la fonction préventive du régime international est limitée par différents facteurs qui peuvent difficilement être corrigés au moyen d'une modification des conventions CLC et FIPOL.
Krutišová, Alena. "Integration of the equity markets in the CEE countries - opportunity for international portfolio diversification." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96351.
Full textSong, Seung-Jong. "Conventional arms control in Europe : the evaluation of MBFR and CFE /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717151.
Full textHarfi, Mohamed. "Flux commerciaux, investissements directs et production étrangère dans une analyse intégrée de la spécialisation à l'échange bilatéral CEE Etats-Unis." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10037.
Full textRéguigne, Bruno. "Le Rôle monétaire international du Deutsche Mark." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE0003.
Full textDeutsche mark, by its acquired stability and prestige on the national and international level, has become an international currency key and the European currency of reference. The strength of deutsche mark, which constitutes in a way the label of Germany, has only been possible by the strict observation of the dogma inscribed, in 1957, in the deutsche Bundesbank’s status (the independence of this institute has been and will stay the best security of the deutsche mark's stability) : stability, nothing but monetary stability. This constancy of the Bundesbank in a policy of stability has induced a large and rarely denied confidence in the German currency from non-residents. So that, in spite of the reticences of the Bundesbank for developing the international role of the mark, this currency has gradually become the second international currency of reserve and investment behing the us dollar, and it is an euro-currency of first importance. Otherwise, since the beginning of the EMS, the deutsche mark plays de facto, the role of central money of this system. The mark insuring the articulation between the EMS and the IMS. Therefore, the external monetary constraint of Germany is not inside the ems, as the other countries members, but is rather to be an interface between the ems and the rest of the world
Novotná, Dana. "Československá agrární politika, agrární cla a zahraniční obchod v meziválečném období." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162875.
Full textTraoré, Mamadou Claude. "Les accords de coopération internationale et le développement du Burkina Faso." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05D002.
Full textChauveau-Bais, Elisabeth. "Les relations CE-ACP face à l'ouverture du marché unique européen dans la conjoncture économique internationale du début des années 90." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10001.
Full textChassot, Laurent. "L'article 29 de la convention de Montréal : clef de voûte de la responsabilité du transporteur aérien international." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=87018.
Full textLe présent mémoire a pour objet l'étude de l'article 29 de la Convention pour l'unification de certaines règles relatives au transport aérien international, conclue le 28 mai 1999 à Montréal (« Convention de Montréal »). Cette disposition occupe une place centrale dans la responsabilité du transporteur aérien international, que régit le traité précité, en ce qu'elle répartit en la matière les rôles entre droit conventionnel et droit interne. L'article 29 exerce cette fonction d'interface de trois manières : premièrement, il traite du fondement de la responsabilité du transporteur aérien international ; deuxièmement et principalement, il prévoit l'exclusivité du régime mis en place par la Convention à l'égard de tout autre titre de responsabilité ; exception à ce principe d'exclusivité, il opère troisièmement renvoi au droit supplétif applicable pour la détermination de la qualité pour agir et du préjudice réparable. Cette étude se propose d'examiner tour à tour ces trois aspects et les questions qu'ils soulèvent.
Nafii, Mohamed. "L'économie marocaine face à l'élargissement de la CEE, à l'Espagne et au Portugal (conséquences macro-économiques et perspectives)." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090005.
Full textRazafimahefa-Rakotobe. "Coopération régionale et conventions CEE-ACP : cas de la coopération inter-îles dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0018.
Full textGnangui, Adon. "La Convention de Lomé IV et l'environnement : approche juridique : thèse de doctorat nouveau régime en droit public présentée et soutenue." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0466.
Full textSeichepine, Annick. "Les exportations de l'Afrique subsaharienne face aux nouvelles règles du commerce international." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21004.
Full textCompaore, Mahama. "Incidences sur les économies des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne des conventions de Lomé 1 et 2 : le cas des échanges commerciaux." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN0524.
Full textTaglioni, François. "L'espace Est Caribéen dans l'environnement géopolitique international : étude de l'action de la CEE sur le développement régional des Petites Antilles." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100006.
Full textThe Lesser Antilles are geographically limited by an arc which ranges from the British Virgin Islands in the north to Grenada in the south. Those islands, though very diverse in their components, present great similarities in their problematic of development. The insularity constraints, the economic, political and human fragmentation, as well as the structures inherited from the past contribute to maintaining the Lesser Antilles in a state of dependence which limits their development possibilities. This comparative study, which parallels the english, dutch and french speaking entities, offers to define, through a precise analysis of the various internal and external parameters to the region, the room to manoeuvre of the lesser Antilles facing the European and northamericain geopolitical blocks. The first part of this research is devoted to setting the Lesser Antilles in their regional and international environment according to their geographical, historical, political, economical and human characteristics as well as to determine, through their complex relations with the various actors of the development, their abilities to find a favorable equilibrium to the economic and social cohesion. The second part constitutes, more specifically, a study of the EEC interventions in favor of the development of those islands. We set ourselves to establish if its action can create the conditions to an alternative in their development and contribute in giving them more independence towards the USA
Carli, Pierre. "Prix de transfert et évasion de capitaux : aspects douaniers et cambiaires de la surfacturation des marchandises importées." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA122002.
Full textNot only big multinationals companies but also all residents doing business in france may be prosecuted of paying a surchage on the invoices of international dealings: - if the customs valuation law generally prosecutes the undervalued declarations to apply an ad valorem tariff, nevertheleless statistic - and even customs - purposes can justify a prosecution of over valuation, jointly with the exchange control (customs cooperation council is still studying this problem); - about the exchange contol, the penalty for overestimating set by the french law must be assessed in conformity with international agreements (g. A. T. T. , i. M. F. ) and the rules of the european economic communauty
Jankůj, Robert. "Studie logistické koncepce pro obchodní síť." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221638.
Full textChabannes, Claire. "La libération des services dans le cas de l'assurance maritime : aspects communautaires et internationaux." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL20002.
Full textThe growing importance of services in inter. National trade has led states to try to determine the barriers to exchange of services, in order to eliminate injustified obstacles and to improve international cooperation in this field. Among the services which are subjected to international measures of uberation, marine insurance holds a special position because of the international and not very regulated nature of its market, which justify the recourse to coinsurance and reinsurance. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of liberation on national legislations, which regulate access to the market and the conditions of exercice in marine insurance. The eec realizations are the most important because of their juridical perfection. (. . . )
Osuagwu, Chikereze. "La participation de l'Union européenne au processus de l'ajustement structurel des états d'Afrique autour de Lomé IV." Paris 8, 2000. http://octaviana.fr/document/182423530#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textRouchet, Geneviève. "L'Evolution de la notion de développement entre l'Europe et l'Afrique (les conventions de Lomé I, de Lomé II et de Lomé III)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010262.
Full textCap, François-Marie. "Les obstacles à la coopération politique au sein des communautés européennes." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10113.
Full textBy signing and ratifying the joint treaties as well as the unique European act which reaffirms their principles, depends and widens their objectives through the renovation of institutional means, the states that are members of the E. E. C. Aimed at building Europe – a tightly – knit community of European peoples. The economic was to be but an intermediary stage on the way to political unification. From then on, the E. P. C. Defined itself as a means of informing, consulting each other and of acting together for the twelve states that belonged to the European community, as far as their foreign policy was concerned. Its target is to increase the influence of the twelve states upon international matters as much as possible, thanks to a common coherent, European outlook enabling Europe, while preserving its main interests and those of its members, to express itself with one voice in front of the rest of the world. However, a real European community cannot be worthy of the name without mentioning the problem of defense. Effectively, the community and its institutions have no military scope of their own. They are not explicitly competent either as regards of defense and security. Besides, if the originality of the joint treaties is to be found in their institutional system which grants the community and its members some competence in several specific fields. However, a large number of judicial and institutional obstacles hinder the building of Europe. Consequently, this political European community that has been wished for all members since the end of …
Ben, Hdech Mohammed. "L'organisation du commerce des produits de base entre la Communauté économique européenne et les pays en voie de développement." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30012.
Full textThe participation of the EEC in the organisation of commodities trade can bee considered in two distinct frameworks, globally and regionally. At the global level, this participation may be examined in two distinct lights, the juridical and the politico-economic. The juridical aspect concerns the modalities of EEC participation in product agreements, both the quality and the nature of participation. The politicoeconomic aspect is related to the type of organisation put into place by each product agreement and the EEC position. On the regional level, the EEC has developed a special policy on the issue. This policy includes two principal parts: the regulation of product flow and the stabilization of export returns on trade. The regulation of trade includes a more generalised policy of protectionst inspiration and a preferential policy benefiting ACP and mediterranean countries with respect to all agricultural products, but only with respect to certain transformed products for developing countries in general. With the framework of the stabilization of export returns, three mechanisms have been envisioned by the lome convention: the stabex, the sysmin, and the sugar protocol. A stabex has also been envisioned to favour the least advanced countries
Bruno, Michel. "Pour un réaménagement institutionnel au sein des Communautés européennes." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUEL113.
Full textThe institutional reform of the European Communities is a necessity if we want to take into consideration their evolution, their finality and all the customary laws which appeared in spite of the treaties but two different examples (plan Genscher-Colombo, draft agreement to institute European Union voted by the members of European Parliament) show us that this way is very difficult to follow and these interesting solutions in many cases have been practically ignored by the solemn Declaration from Stuttgart and the European unique act because some important conditions haven't been gathered yet. The next intergovernmental conference will find perhaps the good answers with the creation of political union
Poimenidou, Antigoni-Despoina. "La politique culturelle extérieure de la Grèce et l'Europe (1944-1979)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL099.
Full textThis thesis discusses Greek cultural policy in Western Europe as well as its place in the country’s effort to participate in European integration from the aftermath of the Second World War until the accession of Greece to the EEC. From its foundation, the neo-Hellenic state used its historic past as a central point of reference. In this context, the question arises as to when and how the political leadership decided to project this past on the level of its political relations with the post-war European institutions. Cultural policy uses the history and civilization of a nation for the benefit of politics. In most cases involving Greece, the 'messages' of its cultural policy were 'addressed' to the Europeans, a phenomenon that is particularly visible during the period of accession negotiations. This was projected both at the intellectual level (for example by people such as Tsatsos, Kanellopoulos) and at the realm of practical politics by the political world (for example Karamanlis). This study, extending to a period longer than thirty years, examines the development of cultural relations between Greece and Europe, the initiatives and organization of Greek cultural policy within a European and international context as well as the role of cultural policy and Greece’s cultural arguments in the effort to achieve accession to the EEC.The foreign cultural policy that Greece exercised towards the Europeans until 1979 refers to national identity, the sentiment of belonging, the cultural connotations of the European project. Thus, to the extent that it is part of Greece's European policy, it is inextricably linked to the history of European integration
Bottex, Agnès. "Naissance d'une identité monétaire en Europe, 1957-1972 : de la CEE à l'UEM, l'intégration monétaire à la lumière des flux internationaux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100036.
Full textThis research focuses on the impacts of European monetary integration on the EEC economical attractivity. Through a quantitative approach of actors' financial accounts, it analyses the influence of international capital flows on a common monetary doctrine definition. By studying interactions between real and monetary flows, as well as between economical and monetary integration, we highlight two simultaneous evolutions between 1957 and 1972 : the "internationalisation" of economies and the regionalisation of banking practices. Linked to the Bretton Woods system collapse, the research by the Six of an institutionalised monetary Europe involves, as a counterpart, the mutation of the EEC into a regionalised economic and monetary area
Masson, Bérengère. "La guerre des Malouines dans les relations internationales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040101/document.
Full textOn the 2nd April 1982, Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands and reclaimed sovereignty over the islands that she had lost in 1833. Why did Argentina decide to retake these islands ? Was it weariness? Without doubt, negotiation had not given hope of a solution. Was it out of interest? Without a doubt the Shackleton connection suggested unexploited natural resources on the islands (petrol and fishable waters). Was it opportunism? Undeniably Argentina was at that time in a financial crisis and governed by a military dictatorship weakened by conflict. The re-conquest of the Falklands could have been the last hope for the Junta. The strength of Margaret Thatcher's reaction to this invasion seemed surprising: why would one want to keep hold of these far flung islands with 1800 inhabitants and 700 000 ovines? The world was still in the middle of a cold war, the United Stated of America and the USSR continued to clash; the conflict in the Falklands offered them an additional battle ground
Buclet, Nicolas. "Politiques d'environnement, trajectoires institutionnelles et contraintes de coordination internationale : la gestion des déchets d'emballages ménagers en europe." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070109.
Full textThe building of a common policy of packaging waste management has to take into account the existence of present irreductible uncertainties. These uncertainties hinder a precise vision of advantages and disadvantages of possible solutions. An efficient management system cannot be settled by determining an optimal technical and organisational solution. The question becomes more convincing through a search of efficiency by coordination. What is important is the set of mechanisms allowing actors to coordinate themselves throughout time. The process which leads to the building of explicit or implicit rules, is essential. We show that the efficiency, in order to concile with the viability of a management system throughout time, requires a coordination framework endowed with stability. A stable system has the characteristic to evolve throughout time while the framework of reference for the actors is not disturbed by the introduction of new elements. The actors can continue to act whit a bettview of what will imply their own action, in particular concerning the other actors with whom they try to coordinate and who are going to give interpretation to their action. Even if it does not allow to reduce radical uncertainties, every actor acts in situation of reduced uncertainty regarding the actions in conformity with a coordination framework and follows the efficiency within it. We elabor an explaining model on the conditions which allow a regulator to elaborate a system of rules endowed with stability. This model helps us to show, through the example of the "packaging" european directive , the limits of regulation process within the eu. The upholding of a logic close to international negotiations, limits the possibilities that a regulator settles a system of rules coherent with the announced objectives. A first track is launched on the introduction of founding principles of a european "regime" which would allow the actors, by being in a logic of respect of national institutional trajectories - important condition for the stability of a system - to tackle the question of organisational and technical choices from stable references
Ulpat, André. "Les relations economiques exterieures du botswana, du lesotho et du swaziland." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR20005.
Full textAs smallland-locked countries of southern africa, botswana, lesotho and swaziland seemed destined to be incorporated to south africa, at the turn of the century, so great was their economic dependence on their powerful neighbour. But the racial policies of pretoria prompted them to try and reduce her grip. Part one highlights the progress made by their national economies since they gained their independence from britain. Part two examines the current form of the many links with south africa dating from the colonial era and the monetary, financial and commercial with south africa that they have had to retain and sometimes develop since they became independent. Then the efforts made by their governments to balance their external economic relations by entering into a partnership with other countries of southern africa belonging to the southern african development coordination conference and more generally with countries of eastern africa belonging to the preferential trade area of southern and eastern african states are assessed. Lastly, the growing importance of their privileged links with the european economic community under the lome conventions is stressed. The study concludes that after twenty-five years of independence, the fate of botswana, lesotho and swaziland remains closely tied to that of south africa
Cuadra, Carrasco Gabriela, and Hoyle David Florián. "El sector agrícola y los procesos de inserción internacional latinoamericanos." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116810.
Full textEl presente documento analiza los efectos de la liberalización y/o exclusión del sector agrícola en los procesos de integración en los que se encuentran inmersos los países latinoamericanos a partir de la comparación de cuatro diferentes modos de liberalización. El objetivo central consiste en determinar si es o no necesario que este sector reciba un tratamiento especial en comparación con el resto de sectores económicos, o si es más favorable la liberalización completa o la exclusión del agro en los procesos de integración. Para ello, empleamos como herramienta un modelo EGC estático, multipaís y multisectorial de corto y largo plazo, el cual cuenta con una desagregación predominantemente agrícola. Entre los principales resultados encontramos que si bien los cuatro tipos de liberalización generan resultados positivos en las economías latinoamericanas, para el Perú, Venezuela, Ecuador-Bolivia, Argentina y Uruguay la estrategia multilateral que excluye al sector agrícola genera mayores beneficios que la liberalización netamente arancelaria. No obstante, si se compara la liberalización netamente arancelaria versus la total (que incluye eliminación de los subsidios a la exportación y franja de precios), todos los países, con excepción de Perú y Venezuela, registran mayores beneficios con la liberalización total.
Maul-Sartori, Mathias. "Droits européens d'information relatifs à la relation de travail : la directive 91-533-CEE et sa transposition en droit allemand, français et britannique /." Paris : LGDJ-Lextenso éd, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41405148s.
Full textBaratier-Negri, Laurence. "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing et la Grande-Bretagne : le couple franco-britannique sur la scène internationale de 1974 à1981." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040048.
Full textThe 70’s see the emergence of a multipolar world that requires new scales of negotiations. What role can bilateralism play in the reorganization of global relations? The question especially calls out two medium-sized European powers with worldwide ambitions: France and Great Britain.The monetary, economical, and energy crises in a context of accelerated globalization make the coordination between states vital and justify regional solutions. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, who sees in the European integration the mean to preserve the weight of Europe and France in the world, has to compose with the British who join the EEC in 1973. To the economic challenges are added political imbalances: the unknowns of Détente, transatlantic divergences, the decline of the American leadership, and the emergence of new key players on the world stage. In order to protect the European balance, the consensus is more necessary than ever. The coming to power, in the mid 70’s, of a new generation of political leaders in France, Great Britain, Germany, and the US promotes the restructuring of dialogue. The creation of the European Council and the G7 by Valéry Giscard d’Estaing crystallizes this evolution and offers new perspectives to bilateral relations. These fit more and more into the international relation system by an interplay of scales that allows the coordination of the strategies. The Franco-British summit introduced in 1976 comes into full view as a relay between the European governance and the worldwide governance
Charollois, Marie-Laure. "Problèmes juridiques de la diffusion télévisuelle en Europe." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010251.
Full textFor ten years, European and national political authorities have attempted, for economic and political reasons, to promote a market for European television. Based upon the principle of freedom of information, this action has been limited by the opposition of sovereign states to the violation of their national legal order. For the moment, the attempt at creating a european legal framework, that could implement the principle of information is very limited. In future, its effectivness will rely upon intensif cooperation between european states in all aspects of the problems raised by rueopean television, not just the legal one. The problem raised in attemting to establish the basis for a european audiovisual market demonstrate the difficulty of retaining television as an homogeneous object destined to unit a continent, despite the efforts of the communities's authorities
He, Jie. "Impacts environnementaux de l'industrialisation et du commerce international en Chine : cas de l'émission industrielle de SO2." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00015396.
Full textcroissance spectaculaires. Malheureusement, cette croissance a aussi été accompagnée d'une très
forte dégradation de l'environnement et a positionné la Chine parmi les pays les plus pollués du
monde, notamment au niveau de son atmosphère. Ainsi, le considérable succès que représente cette
croissance économique, au point de vouloir présenter la Chine comme la prochaine première
puissance économique mondiale, conduit à poser la question de sa soutenabilité. Nous postulons que
la croissance actuelle de la Chine ne pourra être durable que dans la mesure où elle n'hypothèque pas
celle de son futur.
Cette thèse se base sur le cas de l'émission industrielle de SO2 – la pollution aérienne la plus
importante en Chine. En analysant son évolution au cours des années 1990 et en se focalisant sur ses
relations avec la croissance économique, l'industrialisation et l'ouverture commerciale – les trois
caractères les plus évidents du développement économique chinois –, cette thèse vise à identifier la
possibilité et les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour la Chine de réaliser un développement
soutenable.
Après une revue de la littérature sur la Courbe de Kuznets Environnementale (CKE), nous
commençons notre analyse par l'étude d'une CKE de forme réduite (Chap. 2), qui révèle une relation
assez optimiste entre la croissance chinoise et l'émission industrielle de SO2 par tête. Cependant, cette
CKE « par tête » ne garantit pas un même retournement de trajectoire pour l'émission industrielle
totale de SO2. Bien que notre analyse prédise ce retournement aux environs de 9000 yuan par tête
(prix constants 1990) pour le cas de l'émission industrielle de SO2 par tête, l'évolution de l'émission
industrielle de SO2 totale semble continuer à augmenter. Pour comprendre les raisons de cette
tendance à la hausse de l'émission industrielle de SO2 totale, nous menons deux analyses
structurelles, dans lesquelles les variations de l'émission sont décomposées de façon paramétrique
(Chap. 3) et non-paramétrique (la méthode de décomposition de l'indice de Divisia basée sur des
données détaillées de la production et de l'intensité d'émission de SO2 de 13 secteurs industriels dans
chaque province entre 1991 et 2002, Chap. 4) en contributions de ses trois déterminants structurels -
effets d'échelle, de composition et de technique. Les résultats montrent que le revenu par tête
fonctionne comme une variable omnibus qui capte les effets des trois déterminants structurels et
révèle seulement un « effet net » de la croissance sur l'environnement. Le détail de nos analyses
permet cependant de trouver les véritables raisons de cette tendance à la hausse de l'émission
industrielle de SO2. Cela serait principalement dû à une domination de l'effet d'échelle sur l'effet
réducteur d'émission issu des progrès techniques, le tout combiné à une transformation de la
composition industrielle exerçant un modeste impact à la hausse des émissions dans la plupart des
provinces chinoises.
La seconde partie de cette thèse accroît ses efforts de décomposition en donnant une attention
particulière au rôle déterminant du commerce international sur l'émission. Perçu par certains
économistes pessimistes comme un canal à travers lequel les pays riches déchargeaient leurs
fardeaux de pollution sur leurs partenaires commerciaux relativement plus pauvres (hypothèse de
« havre de pollution »), le commerce international a ainsi souvent été considéré comme une
explication statique de la formation d'une relation en U inversé entre le revenu et la pollution.
Cependant, les trois analyses menées dans cette partie, en recherchant les différents canaux de
transmission à travers lesquels le commerce affecte les trois déterminants structurels de l'émission,
nous offrent pour la Chine des preuves très limitées en faveur de l'hypothèse de « havre de
pollution ». Etant donné que l'avantage comparatif de la Chine basé sur sa dotation extrêmement
riche en travail est beaucoup plus attractif que son avantage de « havre de pollution », la conclusion
d'une analyse de style Antweiler, Copeland et Taylor (ACT, 2001) au Chapitre 5 nous montre que la
libéralisation commerciale peut réduire les dangers d'une augmentation de pollution liée à l'effet de
« havre de pollution » en guidant la transformation de la composition industrielle chinoise vers les
secteurs intensifs en travail, souvent considérés comme moins polluants. Le rôle du commerce sur
l'environnement n'est cependant pas aussi simple. Dans le Chapitre 6, en re-employant les résultats
de la décomposition de Divisia du Chapitre 4, nous vérifions les impacts indirects du commerce
(exportations et importations introduites de façon séparées) sur l'émission à travers les trois
déterminants structurels. Cette analyse confirme l'impact significativement positif du commerce dans
l'élargissement de l'échelle de production et sur les progrès techniques. Les analyses basées sur un
système d'équations simultanées au Chapitre 7 nous permettent de combiner ces trois aspects des
impacts indirects du commerce sur l'émission et d'inclure leurs interactions potentielles dans une
même estimation. Les résultats révèlent que le rôle total des exportations est positif pour
l'environnement mais que celui des importations (mesurées par l'accumulation de machines et
d'équipements importés) est négatif.
Dans le modèle en Equilibre Général Calculable (EGC) du Chapitre 8 (Partie 3), nous relions
directement les résultats de l'émission à la combustion des énergies dans les activités productives et
incluons toutes les interactions entre les variables économiques et l'environnement dont nous avons
pu discuter dans les chapitres précédents pour la spécification du modèle. Ce modèle nous offre
l'opportunité de paramétrer et de simuler de multiples aspects des relations entre croissance,
ouverture commerciale et émission. Les simulations basées sur ce modèle nous permettent d'obtenir
des comparaisons numériques de l'ampleur des impacts environnementaux du commerce et de la
croissance économique. La conclusion de ce chapitre montre que, sans une politique de contrôle de
pollution plus efficace, la croissance économique chinoise devrait s'avérer très polluante et que
l'accession à l'OMC devrait provoquer une hausse supplémentaire mais marginale de pollution.
En considérant les dangers potentiels de cette situation sur l'environnement chinois, nous décidons de
rechercher dans le dernier chapitre de cette thèse (Chap. 9) l'effet de « feedback » potentiel de la
pollution sur la capacité de croissance de l'économie chinoise. Les résultats confirment un effet négatif
de l'émission de SO2 sur la prévalence des maladies chroniques au sein de la population. Une fois
dépassé le seuil de 8 g/m2, une augmentation de 1g/m2 de la densité de l'émission industrielle de SO2
accroît la probabilité pour une personne représentative de souffrir de maladies chroniques de 0,25%.
Cependant, si les progrès techniques réalisés dans les activités de contrôle de la pollution augmentent
de façon continue dans le temps, nos résultats indiquent également une dynamique potentielle
pouvant réduire de façon graduelle l'impact négatif de la pollution sur la santé avec la croissance
économique.
En résumé, les analyses menées dans cette thèse présentent un certain nombre de défis à relever et
d'opportunités à saisir pour que la Chine puisse poursuivre un chemin de développement qui soit
soutenable. Etant donnée la tendance actuelle à la détérioration de son environnement, la capacité de
la Chine à préserver une croissance soutenable dans le futur dépendra étroitement de l'adoption de
progrès techniques (conditions suffisantes) et d'un fonctionnement efficace et plus strict des politiques
de contrôle de pollution (conditions nécessaires), ainsi que d'une meilleure efficacité des systèmes
institutionnels et de marché.
Sossouvi, Magloire. "La libre circulation des marchandises et des capitaux dans la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) à travers l'expérience de la communauté économique européenne (CEE)." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE0001.
Full textThe search for improving the liberalization process of the movement of goods and capitals in the ecowas considering the current but yet unachieved example of the eec, has revealed that, despite the ideological differences, the west African states are unanimous in perceiving integration as the only way to favor development. The outer factors that have shaped the present face of the ecowas are linked not only to the submission of the community to the constraints of the international economic law (gatt, imf) but also to the maintenance of the European influence over each state's law and over the communal law. The inner factors searched within the written law of the two treaties (eec, ecowas) have unveiled resemblances in the circulation principles of each convention. The idea about creating an ecowas currency area - in order to solve the problems of currency inconvertibility, to eliminate the restrictions on exchanges transactions, and to promote the free movement of capitals - has yet to be fulfilled. Accordingly, the eec system seems interesting. The compulsive effect of the European law (rule of primacy, direct effect, immediate applicability) - if also recognized in the ecowas law and adapted to the latter's conception - would give it a constraining effect which would compel the member states to apply the communal law. The function of the community court, which is not yet actual, will be vital for controlling the application of the communal law and by extension of its powers, the ability of individual and legal entities to act before the. . .
Rajaonarivelo, Théogène. "Recherches sur l'établissement d'une coopération entre les îles du Sud-Ouest de l'Océan indien." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX32023.
Full textOn the 10th january in 1984 in victoria, the signature of the general co-operation agreementby madagascar, mauritius and the seychelles had given birth to the indian ocean commission creation (first international regional setup organisation in this area) and to the establishment of a new inter-islands co-operation. The coi propose for reaching a double objective : to care to institute, in the long term, the integration of the insular economies ; and, in the short and riddle terms, the well-balanced zone countries development. Considering the geographical and political particularity of the indianoceaniq space, the coi has had to research how to set possible degrees of the co-operation and projects selection. In spite of the intellectual value of the commission works, the cooperation had met serious problems with bringing into because of, in the one hand, the unfinished structural organisation's feature of the coi, and on the other hand, the interest conflicts wich oppose its state members. The inter-islands co-operation's future depends on their capa
Assande, Adom. "L'économie agro-alimentaire de la Côte d'Ivoire : un scénario pour l'an 2000." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090031.
Full textRamos, Maria Natália Pereira. "Marchés du travail et migrations internationale : croissance, crise et marché unique. Cas du Portugal et de la Franc." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010010.
Full textHASAN, SHARINA FARIHAH BINTI. "REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND PRODUCTION DIVISIONS IN MALAYSIA." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/85385.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14920号
工博第3147号
新制||工||1472(附属図書館)
27358
Li, Wang. "Issues on economic relations between the EU and China and evaluation on the impact of Chinaś tariff change on the two economies with a CGE model." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994721218/04.
Full textSaint, Martin Olivier. "Intégration européenne et croissance externe des groupes publics industriels." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUEL194.
Full textInternational competition (particularly in terms of concentration), after being accentuated by european integration, as much influences, not to say more, public-owned corporations as their private counterparts, which entails numerous similarities in their respective behaviours. However, in reaction to this movement of mergers and acquisitions, public-owned corporations have not escaped the trend in the community, in spite of the constraints attached to the difficult opening of their capital and the rationing of budgetary financing that is to be seen everywhere. On the market for corporate control, the situation of public enterpri ses does not appear as basically unfavourable. Indeed, the threat of a takeover bid exists mainly for the corporations whose management develops the typical flaws of the managerial firms and whose capital is widely spread among the public. On the other hand, the community regulations seem to penalize public-owned corporations since they tend to normalize the m in both acknowledging the legal value of their existence while denying their behaviour any economic specificity, in comparison with the norm that the economic firl would stand for. Actually, it contributes above all to reinforcing their autonomy from the supervision of their state. An overall trend of privatization, if not of the capital, at least of the behaviour and the gestion, together with international strategi es of maximization of size, has been noticeable since the mid eighties among numerous corporations in the community
Tchameni, Augustin. "Les évolutions contemporaines du régionalisme africain : essai sur la rationalisation de l'intégration africaine au regard du ddroit international public." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30054.
Full textIn stark contrast to the vision which emerged from the Treaty of Abuja, ratified by the member states of the Organisation of African Unity on the 3rd of June 1991, the present divergence of regional systems in Africa constitutes a serious distortion of the approach that was agreed upon. Indeed, in Article 6, the treaty sets forth the “strengthening of existing regional economic communities” (RECs) as a means of achieving integration on a continental scale. Along these lines, the African Union now recognizes eight RECs: the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the East African Community (EAC), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), and the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD). As laid out in the treaty, the establishment of the African Economic Community is entirely dependent upon the success of these regional community systems. At the same time, the increase of other community organisations at the sub-regional level, beyond those officially recognized, on the one hand, and the implementation of similar programmes and activities, on the other hand, tend to endanger the realisation of the African project. This situation flies in the face of the original idea, which was based on the principle of the regional exclusivity of the recognized RECs. As a result of the various overlapping goals that are being pursued by difference organisations, competitive rather than complimentary relations have led to a coexistence of rival systems of integration. The relations between the RECs and the continental organization (the AU) have also made apparent the inadequacy of the coordination procedure that had been envisaged. As the African Union does not have sufficient legal means at its disposal to intervene in the implementation of regional community programmes, the execution of the Treaty of Abuja by the RECs lacks homogeneity. In order to achieve the ambitions declared by those member states who signed the treaty, a rationalisation of the proposed integration is necessary. The present study puts forward several proposals as to how such a rationalisation may be accomplished
Amlon, Guy. "Le contrôle des changes en France et à l'étranger : aspects principaux et incidences sur les contrats internationaux." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL080.
Full textLaws on financial relations with foreign countries, generally called "exchange control" hinder the free movement of capital, and sometimes even that of persons, goods and sales. Their objects and technical means are many and vary according to countries. After making a list of these, this work presents the different juridical problems posed. Indeed, exchange control regulations affect the validity and performance of international contracts, the recovery of international debts and persons liability. These problems will not be considered as definitively dealt with by a future complete freedom of exchange in the common market, for many countries are keeping their exchange control regulations or can reinstate them in the event of economic difficulties
Penot, Agnès. "L'internationalisation des galeries françaises durant la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle : l'exemple de la maison Goupil (1846-1884)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010696.
Full textHeyndrickx, Pierre. "La Convention de Lomé démystifiée : vingt-cinq ans de coopération UE-ACP, 1975-2000." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010625.
Full textKroll, Jean-Christophe. "Politique agricole et relations internationales : les enseignements théoriques et pratiques de l'histoire économique contemporaine des idées et des faits pour une réforme de la politique agricole en France et dans la CEE." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100084.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is devoted to a critical survey of the different conceptions concerning the role of the state in agricultural matters proposed by the main contemporary theoretical analysis trends in agricultural economics it vindicates the historical method used to analyze the different modes of regulation of the agricultural policy having prevailed after 1945. The analysis in economics history made in the second part shows the strong relations existing between the movement of international relations and the great periods of evolution of the agricultural policy regulation methods. The lessons of this historical analysis are used in the third part of the work to put forward a few rules along with some management principles, essential for the achievement of the necessary reformation of the CAP and its application in a country like France. The fourth part is made up of a synthesis of different summaries from sectorial and regional research. It illustrates the analytical work of a more general interest carried in the previous parts and brings forward the actual ground experience this study is stemming from
Kučírek, Josef. "Zahraničně-obchodní politika Brazílie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125215.
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