Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clea

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Academic literature on the topic 'Clea'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Clea"

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Gouguenheim, L., L. Bottinelli, J. Dupré, and M. Gerbaldi. "Clea: Aims and Activities." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 105 (1990): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100086942.

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The Liaison Committee between School-Teachers and Astronomers (in French, “Comité de Liaison Enseignants Astronomes” or CLEA) was officially created about ten years ago under its present form, but its story began in 1970. In that time, there was no astronomy at all in French school programs, neither in elementary nor in secondary schools.A discussion was beginning about introducing physics earlier in the curriculum, with a specific purpose, the main ideas being (i) to avoid too much formalism (and formalism is a strong general characteristic of French science teaching) and (ii) to concentrate on experimentation and on the various representations of natural phenomena.
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Razib, Muhammad Syafiq Mohd, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman, Fairolniza Mohd Shariff, and Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali. "Biochemical and Structural Characterization of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of Organic Solvent Tolerant Protease." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010055.

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Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) is an immobilization technique that can be used to customize enzymes under an optimized condition. Structural analysis on any enzyme treated with a CLEA remains elusive and has been less explored. In the present work, a method for preparing an organic solvent tolerant protease using a CLEA is disclosed and optimized for better biochemical properties, followed by an analysis of the structure of this CLEA-treated protease. The said organic solvent tolerant protease is a metalloprotease known as elastase strain K in which activity of the metalloprotease is measured by a biochemical interaction with azocasein. Results showed that when a glutaraldehyde of 0.02% (v/v) was used under a 2 h treatment, the amount of recovered activity in CLEA-elastase was highest. The recovered activity of CLEA-elastase and CLEA-elastase-SB (which was a CLEA co-aggregated with starch and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) were at an approximate 60% and 80%, respectively. The CLEA immobilization of elastase strain K allowed the stability of the enzyme to be enhanced at high temperature and at a broader pH. Both CLEA-elastase and CLEA-elastase-SB end-products were able to maintain up to 67% enzyme activity at 60 °C and exhibiting an enhanced stability within pH 5–9 with up to 90% recovering activity. By implementing a CLEA on the organic solvent tolerant protease, the characteristics of the organic solvent tolerant were preserved and enhanced with the presence of 25% (v/v) acetonitrile, ethanol, and benzene at 165%, 173%, and 153% relative activity. Structural analysis through SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that CLEA-elastase had a random aggregate morphology with an average diameter of 1497 nm.
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Li, Xiaodong, Zefen Yu, Zhaohui Bian, Jianping Xu, Li Zhang та Min Qiao. "Physiochemical Characterization of α-Amylase as Crosslinked Enzyme Aggregates". Catalysts 8, № 8 (2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8080299.

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Starch is promising candidate material for enhancing the catalytic activity of α-amylase during the crosslinking process. To help meet industrial needs, here we tested the influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and starch on the performance of crosslinked α-amylase aggregates (CLEA), α-amylase-prepared as CLEA with starch (CLEA-S), and BSA (CLEA-BSA). Our results showed that the activities of CLEA, CLEA-S, and CLEA-BSA were 1.1-, 1.0-, and 0.74-fold higher than the free α-amylase, respectively. The stability of the immobilized enzyme slightly changed. After immobilization, the enzyme increased its pH and temperature ranges with the optimal pH values of 5.5, 7.5, 5.5, respectively for CLEA, CLEA-S, and CLEA-BSA, and an upper temperature limit of 50 °C for all three immobilized forms. Among the three immobilized forms, the CLEA-S was the most thermostable, losing only 3% of its initial activity during 390 min incubation at 50 °C. Our microscopic observations of CLEA-S showed that porous structures were formed and such structures could help substance diffusion. In addition, there was excellent affinity between CLEA-S and the substrate. The results suggest that CLEA-S have great potential for industrial application, including for use in starch-based alcohol fermentation.
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Genoways, Hugh H., Carleton J. Phillips, Jerry R. Choate, Robert S. Sikes, and Kristin M. Kramer. "ELMER CLEA BIRNEY: 1940–2000." Journal of Mammalogy 81, no. 4 (2000): 1166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1166:ecb>2.0.co;2.

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Samoylova, Yuliya, Ksenia Sorokina, Alexander Piligaev, and Valentin Parmon. "Preparation of Stable Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of a Ureibacillus thermosphaericus Esterase for Application in Malathion Removal from Wastewater." Catalysts 8, no. 4 (2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8040154.

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In this study, the active and stable cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of the thermostable esterase estUT1 of the bacterium Ureibacillus thermosphaericus were prepared for application in malathion removal from municipal wastewater. Co-expression of esterase with an E. coli chaperone team (KJE, ClpB, and ELS) increased the activity of the soluble enzyme fraction up to 200.7 ± 15.5 U mg−1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the preparation of the CLEA-estUT1 biocatalyst to maximize its activity and minimize enzyme loss. CLEA-estUT1 with the highest activity of 29.4 ± 0.5 U mg−1 (90.6 ± 2.7% of the recovered activity) was prepared with 65.1% (w/v) ammonium sulfate, 120.6 mM glutaraldehyde, and 0.2 mM bovine serum albumin at 5.1 h of cross-linking. The biocatalyst has maximal activity at 80 °С and pH 8.0. Analysis of the properties of CLEA-estUT1 and free enzyme at 50–80 °C and pH 5.0–10.0 showed higher stability of the biocatalyst. CLEA-estUT1 showed marked tolerance against a number of chemicals and high operational stability and activity in the reaction of malathion hydrolysis in wastewater (up to 99.5 ± 1.4%). After 25 cycles of malathion hydrolysis at 37 °С, it retained 55.2 ± 1.1% of the initial activity. The high stability and reusability of CLEA-estUT1 make it applicable for the degradation of insecticides.
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Gonzalez, Nathan. "Response to Clea Bunch's Review ofEngaging Iran." Diplomacy & Statecraft 20, no. 3 (2009): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592290903293886.

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Yusof, Faridah, and Nur Amalin Abd. Aziz Al Safi. "Enhanced Kinetic Performance of CLEA-Lipase Extracted from Skim Latex of Hevea brasiliensis upon Immobilization on Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles." Journal of Advanced Research in Materials Science 73, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arms.73.1.111.

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In this research, lipase recovered from the skim latex of Hevea brasiliensis was immobilized via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) technology, while supported by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), for properties enhancement. Hybrid immobilization may have affected the kinetic performances of the biocatalysts. The kinetic performance of both MNP supported and unsupported CLEA-lipase, were evaluated based on the Michaelis-Menten model using p-nitrophenyl palmitate as the substrate. Three different linearization model equations were used to compute the kinetic properties, v_max and K_m, and a hyperbolic regression was conducted with computer software. Based on the best fitted model, v_max of MNP-CLEA-lipase, obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk plot (R2=0.9823), was 0.0023 µmol/min.mL, which is higher than CLEA-lipase (0.0015 µmol/min.mL), indicating it needs much higher substrate concentration to saturate the enzymatic sites to reach its maximum velocity. K_m for MNP-CLEA-lipase was 0.4400 µmol, compared to 0.5188 µmol for CLEA-lipase, inferring that it has a higher affinity towards substrates, whereby its rate will approach v_max with lower substrate concentration. Overall, this research demonstrated that wasteful by-products such as skim latex can be converted to useful value-added biocatalyst. A better understanding of the kinetic parameters of this newly produced MNP immobilized biocatalyst is necessary for its further development.
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Tran, Giang Thi Linh, and Oanh Ngoc Huynh. "Preparation and immobilization Glucoamylase and Pectinase by CLEA method." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (2014): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1358.

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CLEA method (cross-linking enzyme aggregates) combines enzyme preparation and immobilization from solution culture into the same step. In this study, we applied CLEA method to immobilize two enzymes, glucoamylase and pectinase, from crude enzyme solution obtained from semi-solid culture of Aspergillus niger. The results showed that: In the same immobilized conditions (glucoamylase: 7% glutaraldehyde, 5°C, 2 hours; pectinase: 10% glutaraldehyde, 5°C, 2 hours), the immobilized enzyme from crude enzyme solution, has the abilities to be reused and activation stability under the influences of pH and temperature higher than immobilized commercial enzyme respectively.
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Nintzel, Friederike E. H., Yinqi Wu, Matteo Planchestainer, Martin Held, Miguel Alcalde, and Frank Hollmann. "An alginate-confined peroxygenase-CLEA for styrene epoxidation." Chemical Communications 57, no. 47 (2021): 5766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc01868j.

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An alginate-confined peroxygenase-CLEA has been prepared for the stereoselective epoxidation of cis-β-methylstyrene under non-aqueous reaction conditions. Product titres of up to 48 mM and excellent enzyme turnovers of 96 000 have been achieved.
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Sheldon, Roger. "CLEAs, Combi-CLEAs and ‘Smart’ Magnetic CLEAs: Biocatalysis in a Bio-Based Economy." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (2019): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030261.

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Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clea"

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Pirolla, Renan Augusto Siqueira. "Aplicação de fosfolipase A2 de veneno de serpentes em biocatalise." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250602.

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Orientador: Jose Augusto Rosario Rodrigues<br>Dissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:43:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pirolla_RenanAugustoSiqueira_M.pdf: 4621563 bytes, checksum: 4794daa19c9ceefe37205a1eed1b647b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O projeto explora o potencial catalítico de fosfolipases A2, isoladas de venenos de serpentes brasileiras para efetuar resolução enzimática de substratos com relevância científica, visto que nenhum trabalho anterior foi feito analisando-se sua enantiosseletividade. Foram feitos estudos sobre a resolução do Binol, do a-tetralol, do 1-feniletanol, do para-nitro-1-feniletanol, do ácido 3-(2-bromo-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico e ácido 3-(2-metil-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico.Devido a dificuldade de obtenção e purificação das fosfolipases, a enzima foi imobilizada utilizando a formação de um agregado com ligações cruzadas (Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate . CLEA). Os agregados foram produzidos com quatro tipos de precipitantes (solução 55 % de sulfato de amônio, polietilenoglicol 600 Da, dimetoxietano e acetona) e dois adicionantes (TRITON-X100 e polietilenodiimina). Com os testes, observou-se que o CLEA formado com sulfato de amônio, sem adicionante apresentou os melhores resultados, sendo utilizado nas reações de biocatálise. A resolução dos substratos foi feita com a esterificação dos álcoois, formando-se ésteres (acetatos, propanoatos e hexanoatos), e posterior hidrólise com a enzima não-imobilizada e CLEA da fosfolipase A2, para comparação. Alíquotas das reações foram e analisadas por GC/FID com fase estacionária quiral para estudo dos excessos enantioméricos. As reações foram feitas a temperatura ambiente e a 45 °C. Os resultados indicam atividade enzimática sendo possível obter o tetralol com 16% de e.e. utilizando-se o CLEA e o p-nitro-1-feniletanol com 19% de ee usando-se a PLA2 livre. Os outros álcoois foram obtidos com baixos ee. O ácido 3-(2-bromo-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico não pode ser analisado por sofrer hidrólise química completa no meio reacional, e com a hidrólise do ácido 3-(2-metil-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico foi possível a obtenção do ácido 2-metil-hexanóico com 9 % utilizando-se CLEA e 7 % com a enzima livre. A baixa enantiosseletividade foi interpretada como decorrente da fraca interação dos substratos com o sítio ativo da enzima<br>Abstract: This project explores the catalytic potential of fosfolipases A2, isolated from poisons of brazilian serpents to effect enzymatic substrate resolution with scientific relevance, since no previous work was made analyzing its enantioselectivity. Studies on the resolution of several compounds had been made, including Binol, a-tetralol, 1-phenylethanol, para-nitro-1- phenylethanol, 3-(2-bromohexanoiloxy)-4-nitrobenzoic acid and 3-(2-methylhexanoiloxy)-4-nitrobenzoic acid.Due to difficulty of attainment and purification of the phospholipase, the enzyme was immobilized using the formation of an aggregate with cross-links (Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate ¿ CLEA). These aggregates had been produced with four types of precipitation agents (ammonium sulphate solution 55%, polietileneglycol 600 Da, dimethoxyethane and acetone) and two additives (TRITON-X100 and poliethylenediimine). With the tests, it was observed that the CLEA formed with ammonium sulphate, without additives presented the best results, being used in the reactions of biocatalysis.The resolution of substrates was made with the alcohol¿s esterification, forming different (acetates, propanoates and hexanoates) followed by hydrolysis with the free enzyme and CLEA, for comparison. Aliquots of the reactions had been made and analyzed with GC/FID with quiral stationary phase for study of the enantiomerics excesses. The reactions had been made at ambient temperature and 45 °C.The results indicate enzymatic activity and was possible to get tetralol with 16% of ee using CLEA and p-nitro-1-phenylethanol with 19% of ee. The other alcohols had been gotten with low ee. The 3- (2-bromohexanoiloxy) - 4-nitrobenzoic acid cannot be analyzed by suffering complete chemical hydrolysis during the reaction, and with hydrolysis of acid the 3- (2-metilhexanoiloxi) - 4-nitrobenzoic the attainment of the acid 2-metilhexanoic with 9% was possible using CLEA and 7% with the free enzyme. The low enantioselectivity was explained due to the weak interaction of substrates with the active site of enzyme<br>Mestrado<br>Quimica Organica<br>Mestre em Química
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Saxby, Donald William. "Sampling problems and hydraulic factors related to the dispersion of scheelite in drainage sediments, Clea property, Yukon Territory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24913.

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Multifractional analysis for scheelite (G=5.9-6.1), magnetite (G=5.2), heavies (G>3.3), mediums (3.3<G<2.9), and lights (G<2.9), in drainage sediments downstream of the Clea tungsten-bearing skarn deposit, Yukon Territory, revealed three interdependent problems that complicate interpretation of results of drainage surveys for W: (1) Scheelite concentrations in stream sediments reflect, in part, hydraulic sorting rather than source distribution. (2) Low numbers of scheelite grains in stream sediments cause high random sampling and subsampling errors and present analytical difficulties. (3) Scheelite/heavies or scheelite/mediums ratios may not be appreciably higher downstream of scheelite-bearing skarn than barren bedrock, because scheelite, heavies and mediums occur in increased amounts in skarns (i.e. they covary in source materials). Hydraulic effects result in systematic changes in mineral distributions between high and low energy environments (characterized by coarse gravel and fine gravel to sand, respectively). Scheelite, magnetite, heavies and mediums concentrations in minus 10-mesh sediments are greater in high than low energy environments, and this relative enrichment increases with grain size and density (up to one-hundredfold for scheelite). Using a regression method, developed in this study, hydraulically equivalent sizes of magnetite and heavies were empirically determined for finer (3.0-3.5 phi and 3.5-4.25 phi) scheelite sizes. Ratioing the weight of scheelite to that of a hydraulically equivalent mineral greatly reduces hydraulic variability. Resulting profiles of hydraulically equivalent scheelite concentrations more clearly delineate locations of scheelite input to the stream. The rare-grain problem can be reduced at the sampling level by sampling from high energy environments (thereby exploiting hydraulic effects) and/or by sampling for finer scheelite. Heavy mineral separation is the most effective means of reducing the rare grain problem at the subsampling and analytical levels. The problem of covariance in source materials can best be remedied by ratioing to an individual (hydraulically equivalent) heavy mineral which has a constant and ubiquitous distribution in the area of interest. In this study, magnetite shows promise, but more information on its source distribution is needed.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of<br>Graduate
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Aytar, Burcu Selin. "Preparation Of Cross-linked Tyrosinase Aggregates." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607318/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT PREPARATION OF CROSS-LINKED TYROSINASE AGGREGATES Aytar, Burcu Selin M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ufuk Bakir June 2006, 82 pages The aim of this study was to prepare cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) from crude mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract. However, the optimization of CLEA production was performed by using pure tyrosinase. Important parameters were determined as protein, ammonium sulfate and glutaraldehyde concentrations, CLEA particle size, and cross-linking temperature and period. On the other hand, the order of ammonium sulfate and glutaraldehyde addition did not affect the yield of CLEA. Optimum CLEA preparation conditions were 60 % ammonium sulfate saturation, 2 % (v/v) glutaraldehyde, and 3 hour cross-linking reaction at room temperature. Particle size of the CLEAs should be reduced by mechanical stirring to eliminate mass transfer limitations. Under these circumstances, 100 % recovery was obtained from both pure and crude tyrosinases. Optimum temperature and the activation energy for catechol oxidation were determined as 34 oC and 16.9 kcal/mol for CLEAs, whereas, 32 oC and 12.5 kcal/mol for the free enzyme. Furthermore, the thermostability of CLEAs was significantly higher than the free enzyme. CLEAs, prepared from crude mushroom extract, retained 72 % of its maximum activity in eight months storage at 4 oC. Moreover, changing the storage temperature from 4 oC to room temperature did not decrease CLEAs stabilities.
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Touahar, Imad Eddine. "Synthèse de biocatalyseurs versatiles pour l'élimination de polluants émergents des eaux usées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5450.

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L’émergence de nouveaux contaminants dans les eaux usées requiert le développement de nouvelles techniques. En effet, les traitements classiques des stations d’épuration des eaux usées laissent entrer dans les matrices environnementales de nombreux contaminants organiques de faibles concentrations tels que les produits pharmaceutiques. Nous avons donc étudié l’élimination d’une variété de pharmaceutiques, représentatifs de leur classe, ou bien présentant une forte occurrence, ou encore des composés récalcitrants. Parmi ces pharmaceutiques on retrouve des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (acétaminophène, naproxène, acide méfénamique, kétoprofène, indométacine, diclofénac), un stimulant (caféine) deux antibiotiques (ciprofloxacine et triméthoprime), un anticonvulsif et régulateur de l’humeur (carbamazépine), un anxiolytique (diazépam) et deux fibrates (fénofibrate et bézafibrate). Parmi les techniques novatrices permettant de réaliser ce type d’élimination on retrouve certaines enzymes oxydatives qui sont capables de transformer de nombreux contaminants organiques que l’on retrouve dans les eaux usées. L’utilisation de trois enzymes de ce type, la laccase, la versatile peroxydase et la glucose oxydase, dans différentes combinaisons, a permis d’obtenir une élimination satisfaisante de la plupart des pharmaceutiques auxquels nous nous sommes intéressés, avec une efficacité optimale pour la combinaison des trois enzymes. Partant de ce constat, une combinaison plus stable de ces trois enzymes a été produite par une technique de co-aggrégation permettant de les insolubiliser tout en les regroupant par réticulation. Ceci facilite la réutilisation de ces biocatalyseurs, et augmente leur stabilité, ce qu’une caractérisation du biocatalyseur a permis de vérifier. Le biocatalyseur a alors pu être testé pour le traitement d’un cocktail des produits pharmaceutiques précédemment énoncés et a permis de réaliser une élimination de plus de 60 % de la plupart des composés dans des conditions qui ont été optimisées. Testé dans des eaux résiduaires urbaines prélevées à l’affluent de la station d’épuration de Magog (Québec), le biocatalyseur a permis une élimination de l’ordre de 25 % pour des concentrations très faibles (ppb) en acétaminophène.
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Silva, Rafael de Araujo. "Aplicação de CLEA de β-amilase de cevada na produção de maltose a partir de amido residual do bagaço de mandioca em reator de fluxo em vórtices". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7557.

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Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T14:30:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRASac.pdf: 11251604 bytes, checksum: 6c180d000983f8c0f5a08597c2d53676 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T20:04:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRASac.pdf: 11251604 bytes, checksum: 6c180d000983f8c0f5a08597c2d53676 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T20:04:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRASac.pdf: 11251604 bytes, checksum: 6c180d000983f8c0f5a08597c2d53676 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T20:10:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRASac.pdf: 11251604 bytes, checksum: 6c180d000983f8c0f5a08597c2d53676 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Cassava is cultivated worldwide, being Brazil the fourth largest producer. The root industrial processing in the country, aiming to obtain mainly flour and starch, generates carbohydrate-rich residues (e.g., starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose), which could be used to produce value-added products by enzymatic route, mainly using immobilized enzymes that are more operationally stable, allowing to be easily recovered and reused in the process. Thus, this work aimed the biotransformation of residual starch from cassava processing in maltose, using immobilized β-amylase in a Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille vortex flow reactor, which can promote perfect mixture under lower shear stress in the reactional medium compared to the conventional stirred-tank reactor. Cassava bagasse and peel of two starch-processing industries from São Paulo State were physicalchemically characterized and showed about 47% and 55% (dry mass) of residual starch, respectively. The starch was enzymatically extracted from the residues using a α- amylase, followed by maltose production catalyzed by immobilized barley β-amylase. Among the immobilization methods studied in this work, the best one for β-amylase was protein aggregation using bovine serum albumin (BSA) or soybean protein (PS) as protein feeder, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (CLEA technique). This protocol yielded immobilized β-amylase with 82.67% and 53.26% of recovered activity, respectively. Besides, the CLEAs were highly stables at 40oC, retaining more than 80% of the initial activity after 12 hours. The maltose syrup production from starch was performed using a Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille vortex flow reactor, in order to evaluate the β-amylase CLEAs (in this case CLEA of β-amylase prepared with soybean protein, here named CLEA-β-PS). It was achieved around 70% of maltose conversion in a short reaction time (4 hours), showing that is viable the use of residual starch as raw material for the production of maltose catalyzed by β-amylase CLEA in a Couette–Taylor– Poiseuille vortex flow reactor.<br>A mandioca é cultivada em todo mundo, sendo o Brasil o quarto maior produtor. O processamento industrial da raiz no país visa principalmente à produção de farinha e fécula, gerando resíduos ricos em carboidratos (amido, celulose, hemicelulose) que poderiam gerar produtos de valor agregado por biocatálise enzimática, particularmente usando enzimas imobilizadas, por serem mais estáveis operacionalmente e poderem ser facilmente recuperadas e reutilizadas no processo. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a biotransformação do amido residual dos resíduos do processamento da mandioca em maltose, usando a enzima β-amilase imobilizada em reator de fluxo em vórtices (RFV) Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille, reator este que pode promover mistura perfeita com menor tensão cisalhante no meio reacional, comparado a um reator de mistura perfeita convencional. Os resíduos bagaço e casca de mandioca de duas fecularias do interior de São Paulo foram caracterizados físico-quimicamente e apresentaram teores de amido por volta de 47% e 55% (b.s.), respectivamente. A extração do amido dos resíduos foi realizada enzimaticamente utilizando uma α-amilase, então, o amido liquefeito foi utilizado na produção de maltose catalisada pela β-amilase de cevada imobilizada. Dentre os métodos de imobilização estudados, o mais satisfatório para a imobilização de β-amilase foi a reticulação de enzimas agregadas (CLEA), utilizando albumina de soro bovino (BSA) ou proteína de soja (PS) como proteínas inertes, retendo 82,67% e 53,26% da atividade oferecida, respectivamente. Os CLEAs apresentaram estabilidades ao pH ligeiramente maiores que a β-amilase livre em seus respectivos valores de pH mais estáveis. Além disso, os CLEAs foram muito estáveis a 40ºC, retendo mais de 80% da atividade inicial após 12 horas de encubação. A conversão do amido em maltose foi realizada em um RFV, com a finalidade de estudar seu comportamento frente aos CLEAs de β-amilase (neste estudo CLEA de β-amilase preparado na presença de proteína de soja, aqui nomeado CLEA-β-PS). A conversão de amido em maltose foi de aproximadamente 70% em curto tempo de reação (4 horas), demonstrando a viabilidade do uso de amido residual como matéria-prima para a produção de maltose catalisada por CLEA de β-amilase em reator de fluxo em vórtices de Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille. Palavras chave: resíduos de mandioca, amido, maltose, beta-amilase de cevada, imobilização enzimática, CLEA, reator de fluxo em vórtices.
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Wiedeck, Clea Céline [Verfasser], Marion B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiechle, Vanadin Regina [Gutachter] Seifert-Klauss, and Marion B. [Gutachter] Kiechle. "Auswertung eines Patientenfragebogens zur Anwendung von Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin (CAM) und Durchführung von Lebensstilveränderungen bei Patientinnen mit gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen / Clea Céline Wiedeck ; Gutachter: Vanadin Regina Seifert-Klauss, Marion B. Kiechle ; Betreuer: Marion B. Kiechle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238781594/34.

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Mota, Gonçalves Talita. "Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologias analíticas para estudo farmacocinético comparativo de duas classes de fármacos (anti-retroviral e penicilínico) em individuos sadios." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3502.

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Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6105_1.pdf: 5576311 bytes, checksum: d9a7fdda3c20e4afdddacb6aed7e7b80 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>De acordo com os dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), mais de um terço da população mundial não tem acesso a medicamentos. A partir do uso de medicamentos genéricos, um número maior de pessoas poderia ter acesso a medicamentos mais baratos o que ampliaria o padrão de saúde e garantiria mais qualidade de vida. No caso particular de agentes anti-retrovirais e antibióticos, significa um progresso extraordinário no acesso pleno aos direitos humanos e à equidade para a saúde. Para tal, é fundamental a realização de estudos de farmacocinética comparada de fármacos (Bioequivalência) entre o medicamento teste e o medicamento de referência. A introdução, no início dos anos 70, de métodos de análise mais sensíveis, exatos e precisos para a determinação dos princípios ativos dos medicamentos, tanto em matrizes simples como em amostras biológicas, representou um avanço notável na avaliação dos processos de absorção e de sua correlação com os parâmetros de formulação. Conseqüentemente, tornou indispensável o desenvolvimento contínuo de novas metodologias com sensibilidade e seletividade compatíveis com a aplicação em estudos, cada vez mais rigorosos, de bioequivalência/biodisponibilidade de medicamentos. No Brasil, ainda existe uma carência de recursos humanos qualificados para atender à demanda crescente desses estudos. Com o intuito de propor uma alternativa a esse cenário o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de novas metodologias bioanalíticas para a quantificação do anti-retroviral Indinavir e do antibiótico penicilínico Ampicilina, em plasma humano, aplicados na avaliação da qualidade biofarmacêutica de dois diferentes medicamentos. Os fármacos foram submetidos a diferentes tipos de extração e clean up ou limpeza das amostras. Obteve-se uma metodologia validada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a um detector de Ultravioleta (CLAE-UV) com extração líquido-líquido (ELL) para o Indinavir, e uma metodologia validada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (CL-EM/EM) com extração em fase sólida (EFS) para a Ampicilina. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos como ASC, Cmax e Tmax foram utilizados na avaliação da biodisponibilidade dos medicamentos testados. De acordo com normas do FDA e ANVISA, as metodologias validadas demonstraram praticidade, sensibilidade, precisão e exatidão, apresentando-se como ferramentas adequadas para a avaliação dos estudos farmacocinéticos das formulações de ampicilina cápsulas (teste e referência) e das formulações de indinavir cápsulas (teste e referência), ambos bioequivalentes
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Immormino, Nicholas A. "Clean Rings & Clean Group Rings." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1374247918.

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Sircom, Margaret A. "Cutting clear." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47766.pdf.

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Zenari, Vivian Alba. "Clean secrets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59745.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Clea"

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Lawrence, Durrell. Clea. Penguin Books, 1991.

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Durrell, Lawrence. Clea. G.K. Hall & Co., 2000.

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Prager, Emily. Clea & Zeus divorce. Vintage Books, 1987.

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John M. Olin Annual Conference in Law and Economics (4th 1992 University of Toronto Law School). CLEA conference papers. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1992.

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Conference in Law and Economics (1990 University of Toronto Law School). CLEA Conference papers: October 26 & 27, 1990. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto], 1990.

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Conference in Law and Economics (1989 University of Toronto Law School). CLEA Conference papers: September 22 & 23, 1989. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto], 1989.

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Gallery, Aspex. Barriers: Lea Andrews - Hilda Clea Andrani Ash ... [et al.]. The Gallery, 1997.

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Great, Britain Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. The contaminated land exposure assessment (CLEA) model: Technical basis and algorithms. Environment Agency, 2002.

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Council for Local Education Authorities. A four term year for schools: Report of a CLEA Working Party. CLEA, 1991.

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Craft, Francine. Wild heart. Arabesque, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clea"

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Yusof, Faridah, and Soofia Khanahmadi. "Carrier-Free Enzyme Immobilization by Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEA) Technology." In Multifaceted Protocol in Biotechnology. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2257-0_9.

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Marschall, Laurence A. "Big Glass on a Silicon Chip: The CLEA Project in the 21st Century." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0253-0_12.

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Leadbeater, Charles. "Clean." In The Frugal Innovator. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137335371_8.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Clean." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2434.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Clear." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2436.

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Hughes, Vera, and David Weller. "Clean." In People in Retailing. Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09897-2_16.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "clean." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2186.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "clear." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2197.

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Zhong, Qi. "Ecology: Clean, Clear Waters and Lush Mountains, “Gold and Silver Mountain”." In The Chinese Dream and Zhejiang’s Practice—General Report Volume. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7395-4_6.

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Harris, Mark Anglin. "Clean-Weeding." In Confronting Global Climate Change. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429284847-24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Clea"

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Araujo Silva, Rafael, Agnes Cristina Oliveira Mafra, Willian Kopp, Raquel de Lima Camargo Giordano та Paulo Waldir Tardioli. "IMOBILIZAÇÃO DE β-AMILASE DE CEVADA POR AGREGAÇÃO/RETICULAÇÃO (CLEA)". У Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-33594.

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ULRICH, L. G., A. C. O. MAFRA, P. W. TARDIOLI, and M. P. A. RIBEIRO. "IMOBILIZAÇÃO DE BETA-GALACTOSIDASE UTILIZANDO A TÉCNICA CLEA (CROSS-LINKED ENZYME AGGREGATES)." In Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química em Iniciação Científica. Editora Blucher, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeqic2017-298.

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Chao, Sihong, Yanxue Jiang, Li Qiao, and Hongbin Cao. "The Application of CLEA Model in Accessing Health Risks of PAHs in Soil." In 7th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC-2016). Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rac-16.2016.74.

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Díaz, Margarita, Raquel de Lima Camargo Giordano, Willian Kopp, and Paulo Waldir Tardioli. "Combi-CLEA de lipases para a transesterificação do Óleo de soja com etanol." In Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-33751.

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Saprika, Alen, Afrizal Afrizal, and Azwar Azwar. "Post-Clear and Clean License Social Practices of Mining In Indonesia: A Case Study of Conflict Resolution of A Company obtaining Clear and Clean License." In International Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities, Economics and Law. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-9-2018.2282592.

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Fontes, Ana L., Lígia L. Pimentel, Luis M. Rodríguez-Alcalá, and Ana M. Gomes. "Stability of a Fermented Milk Enriched With Microbial CLA/CLNA." In The 7th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icbb21.231.

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Kalyani Garimella, Lalitha M., Sri R. Sudha Garimella, Kevin Duda, and Eric Fetzer. "New generation carry look twice-ahead adder CL2A and carry look thrice-ahead adder CL3A." In 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2013.6674915.

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Jin, Heesang, Minkoo Kang, Gyeongsik Yang, and Chuck Yoo. "CLEO." In CoNEXT '19: The 15th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3360468.3366768.

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Cheng, Eric, Shahrzad Mirkhani, Lukasz G. Szafaryn, et al. "CLEAR." In DAC '16: The 53rd Annual Design Automation Conference 2016. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2897937.2897996.

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Manfredi, Guido, and Yannick Jestin. "Are You Clear About “Well Clear”?" In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453405.

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Reports on the topic "Clea"

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Fish, Jim. Overture to CLEA : the closed loop efficiency analysis project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574617.

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Hawn, D., and J. Fish. CLEA: the Closed Loop Efficiency Analysis Facility for thermochemical energy transport studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5712175.

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Arunabha, Ghosh, and Gangania Himani. Governing Clean EnergySubsidies. ICTSD International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/gp_ip_20120905.

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Arunabha, Ghosh, and Gangania Himani. Governing Clean EnergySubsidies. ICTSD International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20120905.

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Makhlouf M. Makhlouf and Diran Apelian. Clean Metal Casting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793152.

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Author, Not Given. Clean coal today. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6299790.

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Tornblom, Claudia L. Environmental Restoration and Base Closure: How Clean is Clean Enough? Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada276559.

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Roberts, Suzanne S. National Alliance for Clean Energy Incubators New Mexico Clean Energy Incubator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/913432.

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Busche, S., E. Doris, R. Braccio, et al. Clean Energy Policy Analysis: Impact Analysis of Potential Clean Energy Policy Options for the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/977304.

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Freihaut, Jim. Clean Energy Application Center. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1124075.

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