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1
Pirolla, Renan Augusto Siqueira. "Aplicação de fosfolipase A2 de veneno de serpentes em biocatalise." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250602.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O projeto explora o potencial catalítico de fosfolipases A2, isoladas de venenos de serpentes brasileiras para efetuar resolução enzimática de substratos com relevância científica, visto que nenhum trabalho anterior foi feito analisando-se sua enantiosseletividade. Foram feitos estudos sobre a resolução do Binol, do a-tetralol, do 1-feniletanol, do para-nitro-1-feniletanol, do ácido 3-(2-bromo-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico e ácido 3-(2-metil-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico.Devido a dificuldade de obtenção e purificação das fosfolipases, a enzima foi imobilizada utilizando a formação de um agregado com ligações cruzadas (Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate . CLEA). Os agregados foram produzidos com quatro tipos de precipitantes (solução 55 % de sulfato de amônio, polietilenoglicol 600 Da, dimetoxietano e acetona) e dois adicionantes (TRITON-X100 e polietilenodiimina). Com os testes, observou-se que o CLEA formado com sulfato de amônio, sem adicionante apresentou os melhores resultados, sendo utilizado nas reações de biocatálise. A resolução dos substratos foi feita com a esterificação dos álcoois, formando-se ésteres (acetatos, propanoatos e hexanoatos), e posterior hidrólise com a enzima não-imobilizada e CLEA da fosfolipase A2, para comparação. Alíquotas das reações foram e analisadas por GC/FID com fase estacionária quiral para estudo dos excessos enantioméricos. As reações foram feitas a temperatura ambiente e a 45 °C. Os resultados indicam atividade enzimática sendo possível obter o tetralol com 16% de e.e. utilizando-se o CLEA e o p-nitro-1-feniletanol com 19% de ee usando-se a PLA2 livre. Os outros álcoois foram obtidos com baixos ee. O ácido 3-(2-bromo-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico não pode ser analisado por sofrer hidrólise química completa no meio reacional, e com a hidrólise do ácido 3-(2-metil-hexanoiloxi)-4-nitrobenzóico foi possível a obtenção do ácido 2-metil-hexanóico com 9 % utilizando-se CLEA e 7 % com a enzima livre. A baixa enantiosseletividade foi interpretada como decorrente da fraca interação dos substratos com o sítio ativo da enzima<br>Abstract: This project explores the catalytic potential of fosfolipases A2, isolated from poisons of brazilian serpents to effect enzymatic substrate resolution with scientific relevance, since no previous work was made analyzing its enantioselectivity. Studies on the resolution of several compounds had been made, including Binol, a-tetralol, 1-phenylethanol, para-nitro-1- phenylethanol, 3-(2-bromohexanoiloxy)-4-nitrobenzoic acid and 3-(2-methylhexanoiloxy)-4-nitrobenzoic acid.Due to difficulty of attainment and purification of the phospholipase, the enzyme was immobilized using the formation of an aggregate with cross-links (Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate ¿ CLEA). These aggregates had been produced with four types of precipitation agents (ammonium sulphate solution 55%, polietileneglycol 600 Da, dimethoxyethane and acetone) and two additives (TRITON-X100 and poliethylenediimine). With the tests, it was observed that the CLEA formed with ammonium sulphate, without additives presented the best results, being used in the reactions of biocatalysis.The resolution of substrates was made with the alcohol¿s esterification, forming different (acetates, propanoates and hexanoates) followed by hydrolysis with the free enzyme and CLEA, for comparison. Aliquots of the reactions had been made and analyzed with GC/FID with quiral stationary phase for study of the enantiomerics excesses. The reactions had been made at ambient temperature and 45 °C.The results indicate enzymatic activity and was possible to get tetralol with 16% of ee using CLEA and p-nitro-1-phenylethanol with 19% of ee. The other alcohols had been gotten with low ee. The 3- (2-bromohexanoiloxy) - 4-nitrobenzoic acid cannot be analyzed by suffering complete chemical hydrolysis during the reaction, and with hydrolysis of acid the 3- (2-metilhexanoiloxi) - 4-nitrobenzoic the attainment of the acid 2-metilhexanoic with 9% was possible using CLEA and 7% with the free enzyme. The low enantioselectivity was explained due to the weak interaction of substrates with the active site of enzyme<br>Mestrado<br>Quimica Organica<br>Mestre em Química
2
Saxby, Donald William. "Sampling problems and hydraulic factors related to the dispersion of scheelite in drainage sediments, Clea property, Yukon Territory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24913.
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Multifractional analysis for scheelite (G=5.9-6.1), magnetite (G=5.2), heavies (G>3.3), mediums (3.3<G<2.9), and lights (G<2.9), in drainage sediments downstream of the Clea tungsten-bearing skarn deposit, Yukon Territory, revealed three interdependent problems that complicate interpretation of results of drainage surveys for W:
(1) Scheelite concentrations in stream sediments reflect, in part, hydraulic sorting rather than source distribution.
(2) Low numbers of scheelite grains in stream sediments cause high random sampling and subsampling errors and present analytical difficulties.
(3) Scheelite/heavies or scheelite/mediums ratios may not be appreciably higher downstream of scheelite-bearing skarn than barren bedrock, because scheelite, heavies and mediums occur in increased amounts in skarns (i.e. they covary in source materials).
Hydraulic effects result in systematic changes in mineral distributions between high and low energy environments (characterized by coarse gravel and fine gravel to sand, respectively). Scheelite, magnetite, heavies and mediums concentrations in minus 10-mesh sediments are greater in high than low energy environments, and this relative enrichment increases with grain size and density (up to one-hundredfold for scheelite). Using a regression method, developed in this study, hydraulically equivalent sizes of magnetite and heavies were empirically determined for finer (3.0-3.5 phi and 3.5-4.25 phi) scheelite sizes. Ratioing the weight of scheelite to that of a hydraulically equivalent mineral greatly reduces hydraulic variability. Resulting profiles of hydraulically equivalent scheelite concentrations more clearly delineate locations of scheelite input to the stream.
The rare-grain problem can be reduced at the sampling level by sampling from high energy environments (thereby exploiting hydraulic effects) and/or by sampling for finer scheelite. Heavy mineral separation is the most effective means of reducing the rare grain problem at the subsampling and analytical levels.
The problem of covariance in source materials can best be remedied by ratioing to an individual (hydraulically equivalent) heavy mineral which has a constant and ubiquitous distribution in the area of interest. In this study, magnetite shows promise, but more information on its source distribution is needed.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of<br>Graduate
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Aytar, Burcu Selin. "Preparation Of Cross-linked Tyrosinase Aggregates." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607318/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PREPARATION OF CROSS-LINKED TYROSINASE AGGREGATES
Aytar, Burcu Selin
M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ufuk Bakir
June 2006, 82 pages
The aim of this study was to prepare cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) from crude mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract. However, the optimization of CLEA production was performed by using pure tyrosinase. Important parameters were determined as protein, ammonium sulfate and glutaraldehyde concentrations, CLEA particle size, and cross-linking temperature and period. On the other hand, the order of ammonium sulfate and glutaraldehyde addition did not affect the yield of CLEA. Optimum CLEA preparation conditions were 60 % ammonium sulfate saturation, 2 % (v/v) glutaraldehyde, and 3 hour cross-linking reaction at room temperature. Particle size of the CLEAs should be reduced by mechanical stirring to eliminate mass transfer limitations. Under these circumstances, 100 % recovery was obtained from both pure and crude tyrosinases. Optimum temperature and the activation energy for catechol oxidation were determined as 34 oC and 16.9 kcal/mol for CLEAs, whereas, 32 oC and 12.5 kcal/mol for the free enzyme. Furthermore, the thermostability of CLEAs was significantly higher than the free enzyme. CLEAs, prepared from crude mushroom extract, retained 72 % of its maximum activity in eight months storage at 4 oC. Moreover, changing the storage temperature from 4 oC to room temperature did not decrease CLEAs stabilities.
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Touahar, Imad Eddine. "Synthèse de biocatalyseurs versatiles pour l'élimination de polluants émergents des eaux usées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5450.
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L’émergence de nouveaux contaminants dans les eaux usées requiert le développement de nouvelles techniques. En effet, les traitements classiques des stations d’épuration des eaux usées laissent entrer dans les matrices environnementales de nombreux contaminants organiques de faibles concentrations tels que les produits pharmaceutiques.
Nous avons donc étudié l’élimination d’une variété de pharmaceutiques, représentatifs de leur classe, ou bien présentant une forte occurrence, ou encore des composés récalcitrants. Parmi ces pharmaceutiques on retrouve des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (acétaminophène, naproxène, acide méfénamique, kétoprofène, indométacine, diclofénac), un stimulant (caféine) deux antibiotiques (ciprofloxacine et triméthoprime), un anticonvulsif et régulateur de l’humeur (carbamazépine), un anxiolytique (diazépam) et deux fibrates (fénofibrate et bézafibrate).
Parmi les techniques novatrices permettant de réaliser ce type d’élimination on retrouve certaines enzymes oxydatives qui sont capables de transformer de nombreux contaminants organiques que l’on retrouve dans les eaux usées. L’utilisation de trois enzymes de ce type, la laccase, la versatile peroxydase et la glucose oxydase, dans différentes combinaisons, a permis d’obtenir une élimination satisfaisante de la plupart des pharmaceutiques auxquels nous nous sommes intéressés, avec une efficacité optimale pour la combinaison des trois enzymes. Partant de ce constat, une combinaison plus stable de ces trois enzymes a été produite par une technique de co-aggrégation permettant de les insolubiliser tout en les regroupant par réticulation. Ceci facilite la réutilisation de ces biocatalyseurs, et augmente leur stabilité, ce qu’une caractérisation du biocatalyseur a permis de vérifier. Le biocatalyseur a alors pu être testé pour le traitement d’un cocktail des produits pharmaceutiques précédemment énoncés et a permis de réaliser une élimination de plus de 60 % de la plupart des composés dans des conditions qui ont été optimisées. Testé dans des eaux résiduaires urbaines prélevées à l’affluent de la station d’épuration de Magog (Québec), le biocatalyseur a permis une élimination de l’ordre de 25 % pour des concentrations très faibles (ppb) en acétaminophène.
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Silva, Rafael de Araujo. "Aplicação de CLEA de β-amilase de cevada na produção de maltose a partir de amido residual do bagaço de mandioca em reator de fluxo em vórtices". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7557.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-31<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Cassava is cultivated worldwide, being Brazil the fourth largest producer. The root
industrial processing in the country, aiming to obtain mainly flour and starch, generates
carbohydrate-rich residues (e.g., starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose), which could be
used to produce value-added products by enzymatic route, mainly using immobilized
enzymes that are more operationally stable, allowing to be easily recovered and reused in
the process. Thus, this work aimed the biotransformation of residual starch from cassava
processing in maltose, using immobilized β-amylase in a Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille
vortex flow reactor, which can promote perfect mixture under lower shear stress in the
reactional medium compared to the conventional stirred-tank reactor. Cassava bagasse
and peel of two starch-processing industries from São Paulo State were physicalchemically
characterized and showed about 47% and 55% (dry mass) of residual starch,
respectively. The starch was enzymatically extracted from the residues using a α-
amylase, followed by maltose production catalyzed by immobilized barley β-amylase.
Among the immobilization methods studied in this work, the best one for β-amylase was
protein aggregation using bovine serum albumin (BSA) or soybean protein (PS) as
protein feeder, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (CLEA technique). This
protocol yielded immobilized β-amylase with 82.67% and 53.26% of recovered activity,
respectively. Besides, the CLEAs were highly stables at 40oC, retaining more than 80%
of the initial activity after 12 hours. The maltose syrup production from starch was
performed using a Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille vortex flow reactor, in order to evaluate the
β-amylase CLEAs (in this case CLEA of β-amylase prepared with soybean protein, here
named CLEA-β-PS). It was achieved around 70% of maltose conversion in a short
reaction time (4 hours), showing that is viable the use of residual starch as raw material
for the production of maltose catalyzed by β-amylase CLEA in a Couette–Taylor–
Poiseuille vortex flow reactor.<br>A mandioca é cultivada em todo mundo, sendo o Brasil o quarto maior produtor. O
processamento industrial da raiz no país visa principalmente à produção de farinha e
fécula, gerando resíduos ricos em carboidratos (amido, celulose, hemicelulose) que
poderiam gerar produtos de valor agregado por biocatálise enzimática, particularmente
usando enzimas imobilizadas, por serem mais estáveis operacionalmente e poderem ser
facilmente recuperadas e reutilizadas no processo. Assim, este trabalho teve como
objetivo a biotransformação do amido residual dos resíduos do processamento da
mandioca em maltose, usando a enzima β-amilase imobilizada em reator de fluxo em
vórtices (RFV) Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille, reator este que pode promover mistura
perfeita com menor tensão cisalhante no meio reacional, comparado a um reator de
mistura perfeita convencional. Os resíduos bagaço e casca de mandioca de duas
fecularias do interior de São Paulo foram caracterizados físico-quimicamente e
apresentaram teores de amido por volta de 47% e 55% (b.s.), respectivamente. A extração
do amido dos resíduos foi realizada enzimaticamente utilizando uma α-amilase, então, o
amido liquefeito foi utilizado na produção de maltose catalisada pela β-amilase de cevada
imobilizada. Dentre os métodos de imobilização estudados, o mais satisfatório para a
imobilização de β-amilase foi a reticulação de enzimas agregadas (CLEA), utilizando
albumina de soro bovino (BSA) ou proteína de soja (PS) como proteínas inertes, retendo
82,67% e 53,26% da atividade oferecida, respectivamente. Os CLEAs apresentaram
estabilidades ao pH ligeiramente maiores que a β-amilase livre em seus respectivos
valores de pH mais estáveis. Além disso, os CLEAs foram muito estáveis a 40ºC, retendo
mais de 80% da atividade inicial após 12 horas de encubação. A conversão do amido em
maltose foi realizada em um RFV, com a finalidade de estudar seu comportamento frente
aos CLEAs de β-amilase (neste estudo CLEA de β-amilase preparado na presença de
proteína de soja, aqui nomeado CLEA-β-PS). A conversão de amido em maltose foi de
aproximadamente 70% em curto tempo de reação (4 horas), demonstrando a viabilidade
do uso de amido residual como matéria-prima para a produção de maltose catalisada por
CLEA de β-amilase em reator de fluxo em vórtices de Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille.
Palavras chave: resíduos de mandioca, amido, maltose, beta-amilase de cevada,
imobilização enzimática, CLEA, reator de fluxo em vórtices.
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Wiedeck, Clea Céline [Verfasser], Marion B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiechle, Vanadin Regina [Gutachter] Seifert-Klauss, and Marion B. [Gutachter] Kiechle. "Auswertung eines Patientenfragebogens zur Anwendung von Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin (CAM) und Durchführung von Lebensstilveränderungen bei Patientinnen mit gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen / Clea Céline Wiedeck ; Gutachter: Vanadin Regina Seifert-Klauss, Marion B. Kiechle ; Betreuer: Marion B. Kiechle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238781594/34.
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Mota, Gonçalves Talita. "Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologias analíticas para estudo farmacocinético comparativo de duas classes de fármacos (anti-retroviral e penicilínico) em individuos sadios." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3502.
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>De acordo com os dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), mais de um terço da população
mundial não tem acesso a medicamentos. A partir do uso de medicamentos genéricos, um número maior
de pessoas poderia ter acesso a medicamentos mais baratos o que ampliaria o padrão de saúde e
garantiria mais qualidade de vida. No caso particular de agentes anti-retrovirais e antibióticos, significa um
progresso extraordinário no acesso pleno aos direitos humanos e à equidade para a saúde. Para tal, é
fundamental a realização de estudos de farmacocinética comparada de fármacos (Bioequivalência) entre o
medicamento teste e o medicamento de referência. A introdução, no início dos anos 70, de métodos de
análise mais sensíveis, exatos e precisos para a determinação dos princípios ativos dos medicamentos,
tanto em matrizes simples como em amostras biológicas, representou um avanço notável na avaliação dos
processos de absorção e de sua correlação com os parâmetros de formulação. Conseqüentemente, tornou
indispensável o desenvolvimento contínuo de novas metodologias com sensibilidade e seletividade
compatíveis com a aplicação em estudos, cada vez mais rigorosos, de bioequivalência/biodisponibilidade
de medicamentos. No Brasil, ainda existe uma carência de recursos humanos qualificados para atender à
demanda crescente desses estudos. Com o intuito de propor uma alternativa a esse cenário o presente
trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de novas metodologias bioanalíticas para a
quantificação do anti-retroviral Indinavir e do antibiótico penicilínico Ampicilina, em plasma humano, aplicados
na avaliação da qualidade biofarmacêutica de dois diferentes medicamentos. Os fármacos foram submetidos
a diferentes tipos de extração e clean up ou limpeza das amostras. Obteve-se uma metodologia validada
por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a um detector de Ultravioleta (CLAE-UV) com extração
líquido-líquido (ELL) para o Indinavir, e uma metodologia validada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência
acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (CL-EM/EM) com extração em fase sólida (EFS) para a Ampicilina.
Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos como ASC, Cmax e Tmax foram utilizados na avaliação da biodisponibilidade
dos medicamentos testados. De acordo com normas do FDA e ANVISA, as metodologias validadas
demonstraram praticidade, sensibilidade, precisão e exatidão, apresentando-se como ferramentas
adequadas para a avaliação dos estudos farmacocinéticos das formulações de ampicilina cápsulas (teste
e referência) e das formulações de indinavir cápsulas (teste e referência), ambos bioequivalentes
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Immormino, Nicholas A. "Clean Rings & Clean Group Rings." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1374247918.
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Sircom, Margaret A. "Cutting clear." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47766.pdf.
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Zenari, Vivian Alba. "Clean secrets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59745.pdf.
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Dighton, Desiree. "Clear pond /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1328049401&sid=21&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cáceres, Yañez Alan Pierre, Paucar Randy César Chávez, Atachagua Franz Lony Orellana, and Herrera Joselyn Jasmin Quiroz. "Clean Clothes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625872.
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El presente trabajo de investigación analiza los aspectos más importantes de las madres actuales respecto al cuidado de sus hijos en edades pequeñas. Principalmente, por el cuidado y protección que los niños necesitan en su ropa. Diferentes estudios demuestran que padres con hijos entre las edades de 0 a 5 años invierten mucho dinero en la vestimenta, es ahí donde se encontró una necesidad insatisfecha y nuestra propuesta es ofrecerles un producto innovador y de más alta calidad sin dejar de lado la protección a los niños antes las caídas y suciedades que están expuestos. Al mismo tiempo que contribuimos con la economía familiar y el cuidado del medio ambiente.
Se han realizado estudios de mercado y entrevistas a los clientes con la finalidad de conocer los factores determinantes que influyen en la decisión de compra de ropa para niños. Así mismo, se analizó el mercado y determinó con claridad el nicho al cual queremos llegar.
Finalmente se realizó un estudio del plan de marketing que permitirá constituir la empresa, además de diseñar el plan de operaciones, estrategias y financiamiento del proyecto.<br>This research work analyzes the most important aspects of current mothers regarding the care of their children at young ages. Mainly, for the care and protection that children need in their clothes. Different studies show that parents with children between the ages of 0 to 5 years invest a lot of money in clothing, this is where an unmet need was found and our proposal is to offer them an innovative and higher quality product without neglecting the protection children before the falls and dirt that are exposed. At the same time we contribute to the family economy and the care of the environment.
Market studies and interviews with clients have been conducted in order to know the determining factors that influence the decision to purchase children's clothing. Likewise, the market was analyzed and clearly determined the niche we want to reach.
Finally, a marketing plan study was carried out that will allow the company to be established, as well as designing the project's operations, strategies and financing plan.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Blanco, Collazos Arturo Enrique, Kuoman María del Carmen Wong, and Huamán Elvis Yaringaño. "Security Clean." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625349.
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El trabajo de investigación, se refiere al NSE A, B y C1, que encierra a todos los solteros o personas que viven solas, parejas jóvenes o roommates que tienen entre 31 a 35 años, y gozan de un buen trabajo, con el cual, están bien posicionados en sus empleos, con buenos sueldos entre S/. 4,000.00 y S/. 14,205.00 soles (según su estrato), por la calificación que tienen en su educación y preparación académica. Asimismo, se ha visto que, por su misma capacidad económica, tienen otro nivel de vida independizándose y viviendo solos, comprándose o alquilando sus departamentos.
Vemos también que tienen muchas necesidades, una de ellas es “¿Quién les limpia su departamento?”, nosotros como equipo, hemos visto esta necesidad como una oportunidad de negocio, ya que ellos solo se dedican a producir y vivir la vida de otro modo, con el que no quieren lidiar limpiando su departamento.
La idea de negocio, fue construir una pequeña empresa de aseo doméstico, donde le brindaríamos la plena seguridad y la eficacia que todo ciudadano peruano quiere en la limpieza de su dpto. Para corroborar esta idea, utilizamos la metodología de entrevistas de profundidad (método cuantitativo, preguntas dicotómicas o cerradas de opción). Esta herramienta nos ayudó a validar nuestra idea de negocio, con la cual desarrollamos todo un proyecto. El aprendizaje del curso fue el que nos hizo completar de forma ejecutiva nuestro proyecto, sabiendo que nuestra idea de negocio es válida y se puede llevar a la práctica en cualquier momento.<br>The research work, refers to NSE A, B and C1, which encloses all singles or people living alone, young couples or roommates who are between 31 to 35 years old and enjoy a good job, With which, they are well positioned in their jobs, with good salaries between S /. 4,000.00 And S /. 14,205.00 soles (according to their stratum), for the qualification they have in their education and academic preparation. Likewise, it has been seen that due to their economic capacity, they have another level of living becoming independent and living alone, buying or renting their apartments.
We also see that they have many needs, one of them is "Who cleans their apartment?", We as a team, have seen this need as a business opportunity, since they only dedicate themselves to producing and living life in a different way , with which they do not want to deal with cleaning their apartment.
The business idea was to build a small household cleaning company, where we would provide the full security and efficiency that every Peruvian citizen wants in cleaning their apartment. To corroborate this idea, we use the methodology of depth interviews (quantitative method, dichotomous or closed option questions). This tool helped us to validate our business idea, with which we developed an entire project. The course learning was the one that made us complete our project in an executive way, knowing that our business idea is valid and can be put into practice at any time.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Burga, Botello Marko Aurelio, Lembcke Katherine Patricia Collazos, Franco Liej Tjander Thorsen, and Fernández Pierina Alexandra Ugaz. "Eco Clean." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625531.
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El presente trabajo de investigación trata de un modelo de negocio innovador, viable y sostenible que contribuye positivamente con el medio ambiente porque la actividad económica a desarrollarse consiste en la comercialización de productos de limpieza ecológico innovando el proceso de distribución al implementar la logística inversa 3R que se caracteriza porque los productos son distribuidos en dispensadores retornables que son recargables, con ello, se aplica las 3R de la ecología: reducir, reutilizar y reciclar; así nace la idea de negocio “Eco Clean” con la propuesta de valor de “ahorro de dinero y tiempo” para el cliente corporativo, quienes son hoteles de 3 a 5 estrellas y restaurantes de 2 a 5 tenedores, ubicados en los distritos de Miraflores, Barranco, San Isidro, San Borja y Santiago de Surco de Lima Metropolitana. Cabe indicar, que la empresa va tercerizar los procesos de producción, envasado y etiquetado de los productos con su marca “Eco Clean” porque su objetivo estratégico es enfocarse en la gestión comercial, atención al cliente, distribución y reposición del inventario para que el cliente cuente con los productos en la cantidad necesaria y en el momento indicado. La empresa atenderá a este segmento de clientes mediante contratos de venta mensual y anual otorgándoles una línea de crédito a 15 y 30 días de pago por cada pedido, además, se tiene planificado entregar el pedido en el establecimiento del cliente cada 15 días. En este sentido, la empresa para iniciar sus operaciones comerciales contará en su portafolio con cuatro productos que son jabón líquido, lava vajilla líquido, desinfectante líquido y lejía en la presentación de 19 litros en dispensadores retornables.<br>The current research work is about an innovative, feasible, and sustainable business model that contributes meaningfully with the environment because the economical activity taking place consists on marketing environmentally friendly cleaning products with a groundbreaking distribution process by implementing a 3R inverse logistic approach defined by the product distribution in returnable, rechargeable dispensers, consequently, the 3 R’s of ecology, reduce, reduce, and recycle, are being applied; this is how the business idea “Eco Clean” appears with its value proposition “save money and time” for a corporate client, 3 to 5 star hotels and 2 to 5 star restaurants located in Miraflores, Barranco, San Isidro, San Borja, and Santiago de Surco in Lima. Further noted, the company will outsource product production, filling, and labeling for its brand “Eco Clean”, for its strategic aim is to focus on its commercial management, client service, distribution, and restocking so that the clients have the product needed with a perfect timing. The company serves this client segment through monthly ant yearly sales contracts offering a 15 and 30 day line of credit for each order, additionally, the delivery plan is to deliver the orders at the client’s facility every 15 days. To this effect, to begin its commercial operation, the company counts with four products within its portfolio: liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, disinfectant, and bleach, all in a 19 liter returnable dispenser display.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Castro, Yong José Ignacio, Achic Mariana Elizabeth Chicchón, Neyra Jorge Luis Muñoz, Paredes Yomira Amada Vilela, and Aquino Anggelina Kaddy Yapuchura. "Paper Clean." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654782.
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Debido a los sucesos que contrajo la pandemia del Covid-19 en nuestro país, se incrementó la demanda de productos de limpieza de higiene como jabones y gel antibacteriales para generar protección ante un posible contagio de este virus. Según datos reportados el sector que tuvo un mayor incremento en ventas fue el de limpieza. Dentro de este sector se encuentra Paper Clean, el cual, es un proyecto de negocio que tiene como propósito brindar un producto de limpieza de manos, tal como son las láminas de jabón que tiene como características ser antibacterial, con insumos naturales, variedad de aromas, innovador, con calidad e higiénico. Asimismo, nuestros jabones en láminas estarán enfocados a Mujeres del sector A y B dentro de Lima moderna.
Este proyecto surge con la finalidad de poder brindar a nuestro público un producto de calidad, diferente y que tenga un valor agregado para poder diferenciarnos del resto del mercado y que a la vez le genere bienestar y seguridad a nuestro público al usar nuestro producto.
Este proyecto expone un análisis de los retos que conlleva participar en un mercado altamente competitivo y que nos obliga a diferenciarnos de la competencia, como también cómo emplearemos nuestras estrategias de operación, publicidad y se mostrará que el proyecto es viable lo que debe ser avalado por nuestros análisis financieros.<br>Due to the events of the Covid-19 pandemic in our country, the demand for hygiene cleaning products such as antibacterial soaps and gel was increased to generate protection against possible contagion of this virus. According to reported data the sector that had the greatest increase in sales was the cleaning. Within this sector is Paper Clean, which is a business project that aims to provide a hand cleaning product, such as soap sheets, which has the characteristics of being antibacterial, with natural inputs, a variety of aromas, innovative, with quality and hygienic. In addition, our foil soaps will be focused on Women from sector B within modern Lima.
This project arises in order to be able to provide our audience with a quality product, different and that has added value to be able to differentiate us from the rest of the market and that at the same time generates well-being and safety to our public when using our product.
This project sets out an analysis of the challenges of participating in a highly competitive market that forces us to differentiate ourselves from competition, as well as how we will use our trading strategies, advertising and show that the project is viable which should be endorsed by our financial analyses.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Endo, Ramos Diego Alonso, Ayala Lyssette Leslie Jara, Anquise Paula Esther Chambe, Reyes Martin Julio Sanchez, and Ramos Marjory Leticia Suncion. "Clean Shoes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654865.
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El presente trabajo de investigación se realiza con el objetivo de sustentar la viabilidad de un proyecto de negocio, el cual consiste en brindar el servicio de limpieza y compostura de todo tipo de calzados. Esta propuesta de negocio se realiza pensando en la necesidad de una gran parte de la población, que tiene calzados guardados, como también en mal estado y que no cuenta con el tiempo disponible para darle una limpieza adecuada. En este sentido, optamos por el servicio de limpieza y compostura de calzados, servicio que se brindará de manera delivery, brindándole comodidad, seguridad y accesibilidad a los clientes.
Para ello, se realizó un análisis completo del entorno externo, interno y de la industria, con la finalidad de determinar algunas dificultades del negocio e identificar aquellas oportunidades que nos permitan elaborar estrategias y desarrollar los objetivos planteados. Posteriormente, se procederá a realizar una investigación de mercado con la finalidad de recopilar información, utilizando la metodología cualitativa, como también cuantitativa para concluir y obtener datos que nos servirán en la validación de la hipótesis planteada.
Además, se elaborará un plan de marketing para el diseño de estrategias, así como también un plan de operaciones y estructura organizacional de recursos humanos.
Finalmente, se desarrollará un plan económico financiero en el cual se analizará toda la información económica, proyecciones económicas y financiación de nuestro plan de negocio, que nos ayudará a determinar la viabilidad del proyecto.<br>The present research work is carried out with the objective of sustaining the viability of a business project, which consists of providing the cleaning and repair service of all types of footwear. This business proposal is carried out thinking about the need of a large part of the population, who have stored shoes, as well as in poor condition and who do not have the time available to give them an adequate cleaning. In this sense, we opted for the shoe cleaning and repair service, a service that will be provided in a delivery manner, providing comfort, security and accessibility to customers.
For this, a complete analysis of the external, internal and industry environment was carried out, in order to determine some business difficulties and identify those opportunities that allow us to develop strategies and develop the objectives set. Subsequently, a market research will be carried out in order to collect information, using qualitative as well as quantitative methodology to conclude and obtain data that will serve us in the validation of the hypothesis raised.
In addition, a marketing plan will be prepared for the design of strategies, as well as an operations plan and organizational structure of human resources.
Finally, a financial economic plan will be developed in which all the economic information, economic projections and financing of our business plan will be analyzed, which will help us determine the viability of the project.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Davis, Isabelle. "Clean Sweep." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/971.
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Best friends, Harry and Dave, both come to face their own versions of mid-life crises. Harry is a former hockey player stuck in his glory days, and Dave is a recently divorced, try-hard dad without any glory days. Harry realizes he’s not in the “prime” he thinks he is but still wants another shot at the Olympics, so he decides to trade hockey in for the most exciting and physical sport in the world – Curling. He drags along Dave to form a team of misfits, including the local shuffleboard champ and hairdresser, Ramona, and a high-school janitor, Gail. Under the training of Harry’s former hockey coach, the team combines their surprising strengths and overcome their many weaknesses in order to pursue the Winter Olympics.
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Bautista, Salirrosas Sara Noemi, Medina Debora Clotilde Cherres, Apaza Evelin Yanet Corpuna, Enco Haydee Elizabeth Paredes, and Zanabria Juan de Dios Peña. "Clean Shoes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626309.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de sustentar la puesta en marcha de un modelo de negocio basado en el lavado de zapatillas a vapor en tiempo exprés y con servicio delivery que está dirigido a personas de 25-39 años de los distritos de Miraflores, San Isidro y San Borja ubicados en Lima Metropolitana del NSE A y B. La idea de este negocio nace ante las nuevas tendencias por el cuidado y la apariencia estética, identificando de esta manera una oportunidad de negocio para este público. Esto nos llevó a crear un nuevo sistema de negocio enfocado en brindar un servicio que no solo es innovador, también es un servicio especializado el cual superará las expectativas del público previamente segmentado, este proyecto tiene como ventaja competitiva dar un servicio diferenciado. La estructura del trabajo incluye planeamiento estratégico, investigación de mercado, plan de marketing, plan de operaciones, estructura organizacional y recursos humanos, así como el plan económico financiero, todo dirigido a un horizonte de 5 años. A través del análisis de cada punto mencionado se determinó la viabilidad del proyecto por la rentabilidad presentada, el periodo de recuperación de 3 años y una tasa interna de recuperación mayor al costo de oportunidad.<br>This research work has the purpose to supports the star-up of a business model based on steam wash of sneakers, done in an express time with delivery service, it is directed to people from 25 to 39 years, who are located at Miraflores, San Isidro and San Borja districts from A and B socioeconomic level. The business idea comes from the new trends about care and appearance, so we identified a business opportunity for these kind of people. This lead us to the creation of a new business system focus on to offer a service that is not only innovative, but also is a specialized service that will overcome our users expectations previously identified and segmented, the competitive advantage of this project is to offer a differentiated service. The structure of this work includes planning strategy, market research, marketing plan, operations plan, organizational structure, human resources and the economic financial plan, all of this is focus on 5 years horizon. Through the analysis of each mentioned point it was determined the project viability by the profitability found, the recovery period is 3 years and the internal recovery rate more than the opportunity cost.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Brañez, Callupe Javier Cristhian, Calixto Grecia Elizabeth Guizado, Ramírez Eduardo Humberto Irujo, Velarde Maritha Steffany Tuesta, and Arias Vanessa Katherine Vera. "Miss Clean." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652567.
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Miss Clean es una empresa dedicada a la limpieza y mantenimiento de carteras para mujeres ejecutivas y modernas que no disponen de tiempo suficiente para realizar dicha actividad. La empresa está ubicada en el distrito de San Borja para atender los pedidos de nuestro público objetivo, mujeres entre los 25 y 55 años que viven en los distritos de San Borja, San isidro, Surco, La molina y Miraflores del NSE B.
Gracias al análisis del entorno realizado se detectó una necesidad insatisfecha en mujeres que no encuentran un lugar confiable donde hacer el mantenimiento a sus carteras con total garantía. Miss Clean pone a disposición un servicio personalizado donde podrán contactarnos mediante nuestra página web, redes sociales y el personal de recojo se encargará de la recepción en la comodidad de su hogar o centro de laborales.
Nuestro equipo de trabajo está liderado por 5 integrantes altamente calificados para la gestión de las áreas claves de la empresa. La estrategia principal para el éxito del negocio es el enfoque por diferenciación ya que contaremos con una ventaja competitiva a través de un servicio de calidad que genere valor para el cliente. Este proyecto ha sido evaluado efectivamente por diferentes indicadores financieros, obteniendo una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 61% y un valor actual neto (VAN) de S/458,308.
Por último, confiamos que el 6.25% la rentabilidad que ofreceremos al inversionista será una propuesta atractiva para atraer el capital necesario para el desarrollo de nuestro plan de negocio.<br>Miss Clean is a company dedicated to the cleaning and maintenance of portfolios for executive and modern women who do not have enough time to carry out this activity. The company is located in the district of San Borja to meet the requests of our target audience, women between 25 and 55 years living in the districts of San Borja, San Isidro, Surco, La Molina and Miraflores of NSE B.
Thanks to the analysis of the environment carried out, an unmet need was detected in women who do not find a reliable place to maintain their portfolios with full guarantees. Miss Clean offers a personalized service where you can contact us through our website, social networks and the pick-up staff will take care of the reception in the comfort of your home or work center.
Our team is led by 5 highly qualified members for the management of key areas of the company. The main strategy for business success is the differentiation approach, since we will have a competitive advantage through a quality service that generates value for the client. This project has been effectively evaluated by different financial indicators, obtaining an internal rate of return (IRR) of 61% and a net present value (NPV) of S / 458.308.
Finally, we trust that the 6.25% profitability that we offer to the investor will be an attractive proposal to attract the necessary capital for the development of our business plan.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Carranza, Caballero Telma Cecilia, Sedano Freddy Jimmy Gonzales, Rivadeneyra Melissa Ivonne Mimbela, and Valencia Ivon Briggite Ramos. "Clean Shoes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653026.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por finalidad el satisfacer una necesidad de nuestro mercado objetivo, el tener unos zapatos limpios y cuidados todo el tiempo. En la actualidad son pocos los lugares que ofrecen un servicio para el cuidado y limpieza de los calzados. Por ello, se vio factible un modelo de negocio como el que presentamos, que permitirá una rentabilidad idónea para los inversionistas.
El proyecto Clean Shoes, ofrecerá sus servicios de calidad a través de su aplicativo móvil. En ella, se ofrecerá un servicio de limpieza de calzado solicitado por delivery. Además, podrán encontrar los diversos servicios que brindamos, así como los diferentes métodos de pago y el servicio al cliente a cualquier hora. Nuestro servicio tendrá como público objetivo a hombres y mujeres de NSE B y C de 25 a 39 años, que se encuentran en los distritos de San Miguel, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena y Jesús María.
Tras la realización del análisis financiero proyectado a 5 años, Clean Shoes iniciará con un capital social de S/ 14,819 con una VAN de S/ 88,249 y una TIR de 73.36%. Se espera que las ventas en el 1er año lleguen a S/ 276,390. Asimismo, se ha proyectado un incremento en nuestras ventas de 5% en todos los años venideros, teniendo un incremento en el 5to año de un 20%. De acuerdo al análisis financiero se comprueba que el modelo de negocio presentado es rentable para los inversionistas.<br>The present research work aims to satisfy a need in our target market, to have clean shoes and care all the time. Currently there are few places that offer a service for the care and cleaning of footwear. For this reason, a business model like the one we presented was seen to be feasible, which will allow an ideal return for investors.
The Clean Shoes project will offer its quality services through its mobile application. In it, a shoe cleaning service requested by delivery will be offered. In addition, you can find the various services we provide, as well as the different payment methods and customer service at any time. Our service will target NSE B and C men and women from 25 to 39 years of age, who are in the districts of San Miguel, Pueblo Libre, Magdalena and Jesús María.
After carrying out the financial analysis projected over 5 years, Clean Shoes will start with a share capital of S / 14,819 with an NPV of S / 88,249 and an IRR of 73.36%. Sales in the 1st year are expected to reach S / 276,390. Likewise, an increase in our sales of 5% has been projected in all the coming years, having an increase in the 5th year of 20%. According to the financial analysis, it is verified that the presented business model is profitable for investors.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Hunter, Elizabeth H. "Wiped Clean." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4830.
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It seems that all forms of pain, quotidian and monumental, are catalogued in the same muted and inaccessible space in our memory. In my installation Wiped Clean, I question whether human capacity to externalize physical trauma is aided by a the physical design of our institutions. I examine the architectures and structural mechanisms that mediate traumatic and intimate experiences with our bodies, and explore the potential of self-formation within these conditions.
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Ljung, Kevin. "Clean Code in Practice : Developers perception of clean code." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21443.
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Context. There is a need for developers to write clean code and code that adheres to a high-quality standard. We need developers not to introduce technical debt and code smells to the code. From a business perspective, developers that introduce technical debt to the code will make the code more difficult to maintain, meaning that the cost for the project will increase. Objectives. The main objective of this study is to gain an understanding about the perception the developers have about clean code and how they use it in practice. There is not much information about how clean code is perceived by developers and applied in practice, and this thesis will extend the information about those two areas. It is an effort to understand developers' perception of clean code in practice and what they think about it. Realization (Method). To understand the state-of-the-art in the area of clean code, we first performed a systematic literature review using snowballing. To delve into developers' perception about clean code and how it is used in practice. We have developed and sent out a questionnaire survey to developers within companies and shared the survey via social networks. We ask if developers believe that clean code eases the process of reading, modifying, reusing, or maintaining code. We also investigate whether developers write clean code initially or refactor it to become clean code, or do none of these. Finally, we ask developers in practice what clean code principles they agree or disagree with. Asking this will help identify which clean code principles developers think are helpful and which are not. Results. The results from the investigation are that the developers strongly believe in clean code and that it affects reading, modifying, reusing, and maintaining code, positively. Also, developers do not write clean code initially but rather refactor unclean code to become clean code. Only a small portion of developers write clean code initially, and some do what suits the situation, while some do neither of these. The last result is that developers agree with most of the clean code principles listed in the questionnaire survey and that there are also some principles that they discard, but these fewer. Conclusions. From the first research question, we know that developers strongly believe that clean code makes the code more readable, understandable, modifiable, or reusable. Also, developers check that the code is readable using code reviews, peer reviews, or pull requests. Regarding the second research question, we know that developers mostly refactor unclean code rather than write clean code initially. The challenges are that to write clean code initially, a developer must have a solid understanding of the problem and obstacles in advance, and a developer will not always know what the code should look like in advance. The last research question showed that most developers agree with most of the clean code principles and that only a small portion of developers disagree with some of them. Static code analysis and code quality gates can ensure that developers follow these clean code practices and principles.
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Thunblom, Viktor, and Robert Nyberg. "CLEAN SEA : ALGSKÖRDNINGSMASKIN." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Kalmar Maritime Academy, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-2505.
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Calderon, Jara Nikoll Braian, Polanco Diego Ramiro Castañeda, Arrué Jorge Alexis Jesús Gutiérrez, León Natalia Ramírez, and Martell Rosa Maria Wu. "Proyecto: Clean Box." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655092.
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En el presente documento se presentará un proyecto innovador como una posible solución ante la crisis actualmente vivida por el virus Covid 20. El proyecto tiene como nombre “CleanBox”, el cual es una caja esterilizadora cuyas dimensiones son perfectas para colocar productos tanto pequeños como medianos. Asimismo, con Cleanbox, se pueden esterilizar productos, tales como frutas, verduras, entre otros. Además, el modo de uso del aparato es muy sencillo y cualquier persona de la familia puede utilizarla. Este proyecto tiene como finalidad tratar de proteger la salud de los clientes, mediante la reducción de la propagación del virus con la esterilización de los productos que usualmente usa o compra en la calle y pueden estar contaminados.
En este caso, nos dirigimos a hombres y mujeres entre los 30 y 55 años del nivel socioeconómico A y B, ya que estos son más sensibles en temas de proteger su salud y la de su familia, buscando alternativas que les ofrezcan resultados eficientes y rápidos.
Debido a la crisis coyuntural internacional que actualmente vivimos, el proyecto, de manera momentánea, se enfocará solamente en Lima metropolitana y Callao. También, siguiendo las aperturas permitidas por el gobierno, se irá expandiendo el envío del producto, es decir, se logrará hacer envíos a diferentes provincias del Perú y pensar en la externalización del producto.<br>In this document an innovative project will be presented as a possible solution to the currently crisis that was experienced by the Covid 20 virus. The project is called “CleanBox”, which is a sterilizing box whose dimensions are perfect for placing both small and medium-sized products. Likewise, with Cleanbox, products can be sterilized, whether from an electronic device to perishable products. In addition, the way to use the device is very simple and anyone in the family can use it. This project aims to try to protect the health of customers, by reducing the spread of the virus with the sterilization of products that you usually use or buy on the street and may be contaminated.
In this case, we are targeting men and women between the ages from 30 to 55 of A and B socioeconomic levels, since they are more sensitive in terms of protecting their health and that of their family, looking for alternatives that offer them efficient and quick results. .
Due to the international economic crisis that we are currently experiencing, the project, momentarily, will focus only on metropolitan Lima and Callao. Also, following the openings allowed by the government, the shipment of the product will be expanded, that is, it will be possible to make shipments to different provinces of Peru and think about outsourcing the product.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Clemente, Jerez Ana María Paulina, and Quezada Alexis Osvaldo Arellano. "Clean Air Systems." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/164093.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN<br>Clemente Jerez, Ana María Paulina, [Parte I],
Arellano Quezada, Alexis Osvaldo, [Parte II]<br>El gasto energético de un Edificio en Chile fluctúa entre el 40% y el 65% del gasto total.
“Clean Air Systems”, gracias a su producto Steril-aire permite reducir costos energéticos
entre un 10% a 30% del consumo de climatización; además de la reducción en consumo
de agua, costos de mantenimiento, mejoras de eficiencia operativa, y otros beneficios a
través de eficiencias complementarias. El servicio está dirigido a distintos equipos de
distintos clientes, determinado por los requerimientos específicos de cada uno de ellos.
El mercado lo constituyen las edificaciones con equipamiento de climatización. El
Mercado Actual de Oficinas en el año 2017 posee un tamaño de 3.898.865 metros
cuadrados, con un crecimiento promedio para edificaciones de tipo sustentable y no
sustentable del 7% anual (mercado potencial). El Mercado Potencial se estima en el 69%
compuesto por Edificios clase A, B y C. El EBITDA varía entre el 13,63% y el 23,95% al
año 5. Las Utilidades siempre positivas se mantiene relativamente constantes, fluctuando
entre los $53.538.397, y $140.624.457 en el quinto año. El Flujo de Caja nos indica que el
monto de la inversión inicial es de $150.000.000; y los flujos de $91.215.208 año 1,
$117.043.243 año 2, $123.374.736 año 3, $152.867.622 año 4, y de $196.938.154 año 5.
Obteniendo un VAN (25%) de $150.555.983.-; y una TIR de 70,70%.
El plan de negocios en la comercialización del servicio para el cliente trae muchos
beneficios, Steril-Aire es una tecnología limpia, libre de químicos, sustentable, y que sólo
utiliza el oxígeno; abarcando problemas como la calidad del aire, costos energéticos, y
sanitarios.
Las Estrategias a utilizar son básicamente dos: Estrategia para Proyectos No
Sustentables y para Proyectos Sustentables. En la última diferenciamos Estrategia de
Eficiencia Energética. Estas estrategias no son excluyentes, sino que tienen un énfasis
distinto en cada segmento. El Green Marketing se utilizará agregando valor de la mano de
la conciencia empresarial. La publicidad dirigida a empresas que busquen transformarse
en empresas verdes o acercarse a una mayor sustentabilidad, serán actividades a
implementar aprovechando este segmento de clientes preocupados del medio ambiente.
Finalmente se muestra una planificación de crecimiento estimada para los próximos 5
años y la propuesta para futuros inversionistas.
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Shifflet, Daniel R. "Optimally Clean Rings." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308334273.
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Parrott, Andrew John. "Continuous clean etherification." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716470.
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This thesis describes the use of continuous flow reactors as a technology to develop more sustainable chemical processes. The particular type of reaction chosen to explore this technology was the heterogeneous acid catalysed formation of ethers using benign alkylating agents with, and without, supercritical carbon dioxide as the solvent. Chapter 1 introduces Green Chemistry and outlines the main aims of this thesis. Chapter 2 describes the continuous flow equipment and analytical techniques used. Chapter 3 details the investigation of several heterogeneous catalysts for the reaction of l-octanol with dimethyl carbonate, an alternative methylating agent. The most effective catalyst tested was y-alumina which was found to give the highest yield of the desired methyl ether over the largest temperature range. Chapter 4 explores this process further; the effect of several reaction parameters was investigated. The scope of the reaction was also extended to include a range of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols, and to ethylation reactions with diethyl carbonate. It was found that the reaction could be conducted with high yields when using y-alumina as the catalyst. The reaction could be conducted at ambient pressure without the need for a solvent or for a large excess of dialkyl carbonate. If the reaction was conducted at high pressure, the conversion of the starting alcohol was greatly reduced. However, when CO-, was used as the solvent, the reaction could be conducted at high pressure without significant reduction in yield. In Chapter 5 the synthesis of several ethers were used as probe reactions for the development of a new reactor system capable of conducting multi-factorial optimisation of continuous reactions autonomously. This greatly accelerated the rate of optimisation compared to previous techniques. Finally Chapter 6 summarises the thesis and evaluates the progress made towards the aims initially outlined in Chapter I. An Appendix on a CD contains some of the key programs developed during this thesis.
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Schoonmaker, Benjamin L. "Clean Indices of Common Rings." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7027.
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Lee and Zhou introduced the clean index of rings in 2004. Motivated by this work, Basnet and Bhattacharyya introduced both the weak clean index of rings and the nil clean index of rings and Cimpean and Danchev introduced the weakly nil clean index of rings. In this work, we calculate each of these indices for the rings ℤ/nℤ and matrix rings with entries in ℤ/nℤ. A generalized index is also introduced.
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Lundgren, Paulina, and Anton Torstensson. "Rena rör : Clean pipes." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2653.
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<p>In this project a washing station has been constructed for Albany International AB. At present, there is no existing system to clean the dirty pipes that are coming back to the company.</p><p>The work followed the product development process, and it started with the requirements list. This was followed by brainstorming, evaluation and completion.</p><p>The result was a concept for de present time and one concept for the future.</p><p>The present concept is intended to be built immediately. This is an adjustable bench with sliding bearings to facilitate the work. The actual cleaning is done with a high pressure washer that uses hot water. When the future concept will be brought into use, you don’t need to modify or rebuild anything, just add to the constructions that already exist. The future is to increase efficiency and become even more environmentally friendly.</p><p>The concept also includes two types of warehouses, one for the dirty pipes, and one for the clean pipes. On these you are supposed to place several pipes, so it’s possible to streamline processing, and wash more pipes in a flow.</p><p>The washing station will lead to improvement of the working environment, and the new technology will make improvements on the result.</p><br><p>I detta arbete har en tvättstation konstruerats åt företaget Albany international AB. I dagsläget finns inget befintligt system för att tvätta smutsiga returrör.</p><p>Arbetet följde produktutvecklingsprocessen, och började med en kravspecifikation. Därefter följde brainstorming, utvärdering och färdigställande.</p><p>Resultatet blev ett nutidskoncept och ett framtidskoncept. Nutidskonceptet är tänkt att det skall byggas omgående. Detta är en ställbar tvättbänk med kulhus för att underlätta arbetet. Själva rengöringen sker med en högtryckstvätt som använder varmvatten. När framtidskonceptet skall tas i bruk behöver företaget inte ändra eller bygga om någonting, utan bara göra tillägg i den konstruktion som redan finns. Framtidsvisionen handlar om att öka effektiviteten och samtidigt bli ännu mer miljövänlig.</p><p>I konceptet ingår det även två typer av magasin, ett för de smutsiga rören, och ett för de rena rören. På dessa ska man kunna lägga flera rör, så att man ska kunna effektivisera bearbetningen och tvätta fler rör i ett flöde.</p><p>Tvättstationen ska leda till att arbetsmiljön blir bättre, och den nya tekniken gör att resultatet förbättras.</p>
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Amador, Guillermo Javier. "How insects stay clean." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53560.
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This thesis considers a physical perspective to an insect's maintenance of a clean body surface. Flying insects are faced with a barrage of particles in their environment, including dust, pollen, pollutants, and parasitic mites, the last of which are responsible for the modern decline of honey bees, of critical importance to agriculture around the world. In this combined experimental, theoretical, and numerical study, we elucidate the mechanisms by which insects stay clean. These mechanisms all rely on the insect’s coverage by a dense array of hairs. We show that these bristles divert incoming flow, reducing deposition of particles, especially onto the eyes. We replicate this mechanism with microfabricated pillar arrays, demonstrating the feasibility by which they may be incorporated into self-cleaning sensors. During grooming, the bristles on the limbs interact with those on the body and particle removal is achieved through combing and catapulting, driving particles at over 1000 gravities. We show that the three million hairs covering the body of a honey bee are crucial for the efficient removal of accumulated pollen.
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Volkland, Wendy. "How clean is safe? /." (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), 2000. http://stinet.dtic.mil/str/tr4%5Ffields.html.
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Ames, Paucar Hubert Luis, Carreño Mayra Aymed Floríndez, Tananta Loida Betsabe López, and Herrera Víctor Sánchez. "App Clean House Service." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625015.
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Hoy en día vemos como la rutina laboral, acapara gran parte del día a día, actividades necesarias del hogar como la limpieza, son relegadas constantemente. Por otro lado, observamos cómo la tecnología, podría ayudar a resolver estos problemas.
Ante ese panorama, surge Clean House Service, empresa de limpieza, la cual desarrollará una estrategia competitiva de enfoque, logrando con ello segmentar a la población de Lima Metropolitana y comenzar operaciones en departamentos de la zona 7, en distritos como Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco y La Molina. Clean House Service es un APP móvil, donde el cliente podrá solicitar el servicio de limpieza, escoger al personal y sobre todo escoger el horario que más le convenga, el precio del servicio es de S/ 70.00, sin embargo, existe una variación que va de acuerdo a la frecuencia de uso de los servicios, llegando hasta S/ 50.00, por pedidos de 4 veces a más. Con este proyecto se abre una gran oportunidad para las personas que realicen limpieza, ayudándolos a obtener ingresos adicionales, en donde por cada servicio realizado ganaran un 65% del precio. Clean House Service cuenta con 4 socios, los cuales aportarán el 40 % de la inversión total. Se busca un inversionista que desee invertir el 60% donde el monto seria S/.70,000. Se ofrece a cambio una tasa interna de retorno de 43.4% que es mayor al COK del inversionista del sector (20%). Clean House Service, es una gran oportunidad de inversión que asegura alta rentabilidad.<br>Today we see how the work routine, monopolizes much of the day to day, necessary household activities such as cleaning, are constantly relegated. On the other hand, we observe how technology could help solve these problems. Against this background, Clean House Service, cleaning company, which will develop a competitive approach strategy, thereby, segmenting the population of Metropolitan Lima and start operations in departments of zone 7, in districts such as Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco and La Molina. Clean House Service is a mobile APP, where the customer can request the cleaning service, choose the staff and especially choose the time that suits you, the price of the service is S / 70.00, however there is a variation that goes from according to the frequency of use of the services, reaching up to S / 50.00, for orders of 4 times to more. With this project a great opportunity is opened for the people who clean, helping them to obtain additional income, where for each service they will earn 65% of the price. Clean House Service has 4 partners, which will contribute 40% of the total investment. An investor is wanted who wants to invest 60% where the amount would be S / .70,000. An internal rate of return of 43.4% is offered, which is higher than the COK of the sector investor (20%). Clean House Service, is a great investment opportunity that ensures high profitability.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Alberca, Cano Milagros, Raraz Cintia Liz Bernuy, Mafaldo Edwin Antony Mariluz, Castañeda Diana Urbina, and Gutierrez Ivan Ernesto Veliz. "Polo Antimancha Clean Kids." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626235.
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En el presente proyecto de investigación se analiza la oportunidad de mercado para el modelo de negocio Clean Kids que se dedica a la creación y comercialización de polos antimanchas para niños y niñas de 6 meses a 12 años de edad.
De acuerdo, al plan de marketing, el modelo de negocio es escalable porque el tamaño de mercado total es de 1,730, 562 clientes potenciales y el target es 47,224 madres de familias que están dispuestas a comprar los polos antimanchas Clean Kids. Por ello, en el primer año se determina atender el 7.8% del target con proyecciones de crecimiento en ventas de 2% a 4% anual del segundo al quinto año.
Además, en el plan de operaciones se plantea que el proceso de producción de los polos antimanchas será por servicio tercerizado cumpliendo los lineamientos de control de calidad, así, garantizar la calidad del producto y reducir los costos operativos.
Por otro lado, el plan económico financiero refleja que el proyecto es viable y rentable porque los resultados de los indicadores de rentabilidad del flujo financiero indican que el valor presente neto (VPN) es S/. 110,068 soles que es la rentabilidad en unidades monetarias que genera el proyecto, además, rinde una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 42% que es mayor a la tasa de costo de oportunidad del capital (COK) de 9.30%.<br>This research project analyze the market opportunity for the Clean Kids business model that is dedicated to the creation and commercialization of stain-resistant t-shirts for children from 6 months to 12 years of age
According to the marketing plan, the business model is scalable because the total market size is 1,730, 562 potential customers and the target is 47,224 mothers of families who are willing to buy the Clean Kids anti-spot t-shirts. Therefore, in the first year it is determined to get 7.8% of the target with projections of sales growth of 2% to 4% per year from the second to the fifth year.
In addition, in the operation plan, it is proposed that the production process of the anti-stain poles will be by outsourced service, complying with the quality control guidelines, guaranteeing the quality of the product and reducing operating costs.
On the other hand, the financial economic plan shows that the project is viable and profitable because the results of the profitableness indicators of the finacial flow indicate that the net present value (NPV) is S /. 110,068; which is the profitability in monetary units generated by the project, in addition, yields an internal rate of return (IRR) of 42% that is higher than the cost of opportunity of capital (COK) rate of 9.30%.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Polo, Rosello Carlos Rodrigo, and Tapia Jorge Joel Pacherres. "Limpieza ecoamigable: Clean Bio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626536.
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En el presente trabajo se ha podido evaluar de manera progresiva, desde sus orígenes hasta la evaluación financiera respectiva del proyecto “Clean Bio”, producto que llega al mercado peruano para ofrecer la satisfacción a los usuarios, tanto como a amas de casa, colaboradores de las empresas que se dedican a la limpieza, y público en general. Nuestra propuesta de valor e idea nace tras poder identificar una problemática que afecta a la sociedad. En primer lugar, es importante mencionar que la limpieza para todos los seres humanos es algo esencial tanto en nuestros hogares hasta en los hospitales clínicos, tanto para nuestros niños como para nuestras mascotas, esto para poder evitar problemas de salud evidentemente. No obstante, existen muchos productos en el mercado de limpieza que atentan, afectan y contaminan el medio ambiente resultando perjudicial para los seres vivos. Por ende, el equipo de “Clean Bio”, detectamos grandes oportunidades dado esta problemática ofreciendo un producto 100% natural e inorgánico, fabricado a base de merma de fruta que a lo largo del trabajo será explicado. En conclusión, hemos aprovechado la oportunidad de explotar la mejor opción para nuestros futuros y potenciales clientes con el nuevo limpiador que rinde más y es rentable tanto para los usuarios como para la empresa, lo cual se podrá visualizar con los indicadores financieros expuestos en la parte última del presente trabajo.<br>In this paper, we`ve evauated the progressive way since it´s origins to the financial evaluation from the Project “Clean Bio”, a product that arrives to the peruvian market to deliver satisfaction to the consumer, from the house wifes, to the companies where we can offer our quality product and also to every consumer who wants a nice cleaning experience helping the enviroment. Our value proposal and principal idea comes from the power to identify a problema in our society. In the first place it´s important to mention that cleaning is essential to every human being in their homes, hospitals and also to the pets and kids in every city of this world. On adittion to the previos statements, the “Clean Bio” team has discovered big opportunities to the toxic cleaning products in the market, so we are delivering a 100% natural organic product made by a base of the rests from fruits and vegetables. In conclusion we are taking this opportunity to explore the better option to our future and potential clients, which is the better option for the world and we are gonna se the financial indicators projected to the future in the last part of this paper.
From the clean bio experience the clients are pretty much satisfied, because from the performance of the product and the orgnic ingredients. Likewise the expectations are too high and could please all the clients in the market and offer a good product quality, guarantee and certifications from sanity.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Shebuski, Robert J. "Heritage - Crystal Clean, LLC." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1118352893.
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Gilchrist, Jennifer, and Hannah Edgren. "Coming Clean : An exploratory study of sustainable consumption and clean label consumer motivations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49301.
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Background: The food industry has become one of the key actors in today’s sustainability equation. Consumers are becoming more conscious than ever before, putting more thought into ingredients and packaging. The number one trend of 2020 is clean label food, thus inviting for research within this specific field. Purpose: This thesis aims to investigate the role of sustainable consumption in clean label food purchasing. In addition, exploring why consumers purchase clean label food products. Method: This study follows a deductive interpretivist approach based on ten qualitative semi-structured interviews. The research is based on the Censydiam framework on human motivations, and the results are analyzed, compared, and tailored to this model. Results: There is a strong implication that those who consume sustainably are also very likely to purchase clean label food products. The main reason why people purchase clean label food products is Expertise. Taking care, Safe Choices, and Boost Energy are also prominent motivations.
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Ostan, Grace Catherine. "Introducing Clean Delivery Kits to Improve Knowledge of Clean Birth Practices in Haiti." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10267574.
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<p> Maternal and infant mortality rates in developing countries are significantly higher than rates in developed countries with sepsis contributing to mortality. Cleanliness at birth has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a key element to reducing the risk of maternal-infant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence to support the importance of clean birth practices and use of clean delivery kits (CDKs) to promote improved maternal-infant health outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative study was to evaluate an intervention providing CDKs and clean birth education to examine the effect on knowledge and understanding of clean birth practices among women in Grand Goave, Haiti. A total of 18 Haitian women of childbearing age were enrolled in the study. The hypothesis of the study stated that maternal education of clean birth practices and use of the CDK contributes to improved knowledge of clean birth practices. Evaluation of the intervention showed that provision of a CDK with the educational intervention was associated with improved mean scores of the pre-and post-test surveys (N=17, pre-test summary mean=6.35, post-test summary=7.71, p=0.000). The role play evaluation further indicated that there was a knowledge improvement of use of the CDK and clean birth practices. An educational intervention with use of a CDK can improve knowledge in relation to clean birth practices and use of CDKs are vital to improving maternal-infant outcomes in low resource settings.</p>
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El-Jaji, George. "Clean Code - En studie kring vilka områden inom clean code som anses vara lättförståeliga." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-44368.
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Dyer, Georges, Michelle McKay, and Mauricio Mira. "From Clean Development to Strategic Sustainable Development : Strategic planning for the Clean Development Mechanism." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4182.
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Under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has the dual objectives of facilitating a cost-effective way of meeting greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and contributing to global sustainable development. Due in part to a lack of consensus on definitions of sustainability and sustainable development and a lack of capacity to address these concepts, there is a risk that CDM projects may fail to move the host country towards sustainability. We suggest the use of a scientific, principle-based definition of sustainability to guide project participants in their decision-making process. We propose a user-friendly project planning tool – CDM Select – that can build capacity for project developers to employ a strategic, whole-system approach to sustainable development and increase the likelihood that CDM projects move society towards sustainability. Early review of CDM Select by experts and practitioners in the CDM arena indicate that it has strong potential to assist in these efforts.
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Neulen, Marie-Luise. "Das Hühner CLEC-2 Homolog." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-151348.
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Conrad, Rachel E. "'Clean Energy' At What Cost?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/43.
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Ecuador was ‘refounded’ at the turn of the 21st century, with the articulation of progressive and inclusive ideals in a new Constitution. Social movements and leftist intellectuals in Ecuador have expressed that president Rafael Correa has failed to uphold the 2008 Constitution’s goals and values. President Correa and his Alianza PAIS government have utilized the rhetoric of the revolutionary ideals articulated in the Constitution, but in practice, they have continued to implement the status quo Western development model, and a large part of their development strategy involves ‘neo-extractive’ activities. Hydroelectric energy production is contributing to the ‘neo-extractive’ development model in Ecuador, and its implementation has often violated Constitutional rights. This thesis is an analysis of natural resource extraction in Ecuador and its social repercussions, with a focus on hydroelectric energy production. It is shown that the hydroelectric industry in Ecuador is not as “clean,” sustainable, or non-extractive as it is purported to be, through a case study of the San José del Tambo hydroelectric project and the exploration of an international support for hydroelectric extractivism, the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism, and its misleading framing of extractive projects as “sustainable development.” Social movements in Ecuador are acting to reverse the perversion of their originally revolutionary ideals, and to implement a post-extractive model informed by those revolutionary ideals.
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Franke, Mark Douglas. "Electrochemical flue gas clean-up." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12402.
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Hekkanen, Mikko. "Inclusion Rating of Clean Steels." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7786.
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<p>The main part of this work has been a literature survey, reviewing scientifical reports forinformation on how steel cleanness is evaluated today, and also how the steel cleanness is related tothe fatigue performance of clean steels.</p>
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Wighton, Hilary. "Clean water for developing countries /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/socssp/8.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.<br>Project advisor: Benjamin F. Timms. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 14, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Shotton-Gale, Nicholas Edward Harry. "Clean filament winding : process optimisation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3960/.
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This thesis reports on a modified wet-filament winding method, termed ‘clean filament winding’, which was developed to address multiple issues associated with the conventional method. The modified method comprised of a resin dispensing unit, static mixer and resin impregnation unit; these were incorporated to replace the practice of commonly used resin baths. Adaptations and developments of this method, such as impregnation modelling, fibre spreading and composite recycling were also used to further enhance the process. It was shown that the modified method was able to produce filament wound tubes with comparable (or superior) mechanical properties when compared the conventional technique. It was also shown that the modified method had considerable economic viability whilst providing substantial environmental impact reductions. These results were attributed to the use of a patented resin impregnation method which reduced the amount of waste resin, solvent for cleaning and production-time needed to fabricate filament wound components. This thesis concludes with details of a closed-loop composites recycling sitetrial. Here, waste-fibre materials were used to manufacture filament wound tubes as replacements for cardboard tubes for the storage of glass-fibre fabrics.
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Vardar, Baris Nevzat. "Optimal transition to clean technologies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E022/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les mécanismes économiques concernant la transition vers des technologies propres et examine les approches politiques pour atteindre le sentier de transition socialement optimale. Elle examine les politiques économiques visant à faire face au changement climatique, telles que l'adaptation et la taxation des ressources non-renouvelables. En outre, elle examine les politiques économiques visant à accroître l'utilisation de technologies efficaces et identifie les cas pour lesquels la politique atteint ses objectifs ou non. Elle analyse également l'impact des inégalités de richesse sur le soutien politique aux taxes environnementales. Le premier chapitre étudie la transition énergétique en utilisant un modèle de croissance optimale dans lequel les ressources non-renouvelables et renouvelables sont des substituts imparfaits. Le deuxième chapitre étudie le rôle de la politique d'adaptation sur la transition vers une économie propre. Il intègre la politique d'adaptation dans le problème de l'extraction optimale des ressources non-renouvelables avec des externalités de pollution, en mettant l'accent sur la politique d'adaptation en étant une variable de stock. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur le problème de l'adoption des nouvelles technologies dans un cadre micro-économique. Il regarde le comportement des entreprises qui font face à une décision d'investir : soit dans une capacité de production bon marché mais inefficace, soit dans une capacité plus chère mais efficace, lorsqu'on prend en compte la présence d'une contrainte financière. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre examine les effets distributifs d'une taxe sur la pollution en considérant une société dans laquelle la richesse est répartie de manière hétérogène entre les ménages<br>This dissertation investigates the economic mechanisms underlying the transition to clean technologies and examines policy approaches to achieve the socially optimal path. It studies various policy measures aiming to deal with climate change, such as adaptation and taxation of non-renewable resources. Furthermore, it examines the policy instruments that target increasing the use of efficient technologies and identifies cases in which the policy reaches its objectives or not. It also analyzes the role of heterogeneity in society on agents' willingness to support a pollution tax. The first chapter studies the energy transition by using an optimal growth model in which non-renewable and renewable natural resources are imperfect substitutes in providing energy services necessary for production. The second chapter studies the role of adaptation policy on the transition to a low carbon economy. lt incorporates adaptation policy into the problem of optimal non-renewable resource extraction with pollution externalities, by focusing on the capital nature of adaptation measures. The third chapter focuses on the problem of adopting new technologies in a micro-economic framework. lt studies the behavior of firms when they face a decision to invest either in a cheap but inefficient production capacity or in an expensive but efficient one, by taking into account the presence of a financial constraint. The fourth and last chapter investigates the distributional impacts of a pollution tax by considering a society in which wealth is distributed heterogeneously among households
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Dean, Kyla. "Phosphorus runoff to Clear Creek." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/943.
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Phosphorus is a nutrient crucial to row crop production, but phosphorus runoff from fields to nearby surface waters is a persistent problem that threatens the quality of rivers and streams. This is especially true for Iowa with its abundance of agricultural practices. In order to better understand the phosphorus dynamics of a watershed with agricultural land use, Clear Creek in Iowa was studied. Total, dissolved, and suspended reactive phosphorus concentrations were measured and mass fluxes were calculated. Through this research it was determined that most of the mass of phosphorus in Clear Creek is transferred during high flow events and is attached to solids. The headwaters area of this stream was found to be a major source of phosphorus due to the abundance of row crops and steeply sloped land.
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Stimson, Elizabeth A. "The Coast is Never Clear." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1322417041.
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Srivastav, Pushkar K. "Clean Energy Scenario for Nepal." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32893.
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The focus of this study was to develop energy futures under different growthconditions in Nepal for 2050 and describes how the sustainable energy supply can bemade by using backcasting method to develop scenarios.The major distinguishingcharacteristic of backcasting analysis is a concern, not with what futures are likely tohappen, but with how desirable futures can be attained. It involves workingbackwards from a particular desirable future end-point to the present in order todetermine the physical feasibility of the futures and what policy measures would berequired to reach that point. Typically backcasting is applied on long-term complexissues, involving many aspects of society as well as technological innovations andchange. Furthermore in the long run, though, discontinuities are likely to occur andshould even be deliberately sought in some cases. Under these circumstances abackcasting approach is an interesting alternative. With these reasons, this studyuses the same method to develop scenarios. The future pictures developed bybackcasting approach are self-fulfilling, this study concludes two of three futurepictures are satisfying the aim of the study. There are three scenarios namely, the high growth (HG), the medium growth (MG)and the business as usual (BAU) scenario developed in this study for year 2050.These scenarios are developed on the basis of future population and economicgrowth. The HG scenario considers highest economic growth rate of 9% while MGand BAU scenario considers the growth rate of 6% and 4% respectively. The BAUand MG scenario with 809, 1460 million GJ of energy demand respectively, meet theaim of the study (i.e. to meet the future energy demand by renewable energyresources in sustainable manner) while the HG scenario with energy demand of4300 million GJ unable to meet its energy demand by sustainable energy resources available in the country. The energy crisis in Nepal is a major challenge for the current and future growth ofthe country. The aim of the study is to describe how to establish the sustainableenergy system under different growth scenarios, Nepal may have by 2050.The urgentneeds in Nepal’s energy sector are ; to reduce the country’s energy dependency, touse the resources efficiently and in a sustainable way and to provide the modern energy system on equitable basis. These needs can only be fulfilled with thesustainable use of renewable energy resources, which is sufficient in the country.The scenarios developed in the study are describing how these resources fulfillingthe future energy demand and how the demand can be reduced with the applicationof appropriate technology. The gap of energy use significantly varies across the different strata of population;the study eliminates this gap by allocating energy on equitable basis. Nepal has oneof the lowest per-capita energy consumptions in the world; to know the level of per-capita energy consumption, this study estimates the same for each scenariosdeveloped in this study. Several measures and technologies and their potential are presented in the study (todecrease the energy use or shifting into renewable energy fuels) and these measuresare a reality today or will be in the near future. For example the use of efficientcooking stove saves the fuelwood, passive building design reduces the heating andlighting requirements, and these technologies are already in practice. Thesemeasures have to be adopted in order to meet the demand by sustainable energysupply. Further these measures are fulfilling the objective of providing the cleanenergy to all. In all scenario the energy demand have been projected, afterward final(reduced) energy demand calculated by considering measures and technologies forreduction in energy use. This study primarily considers the measures andtechnologies to reduce the energy demand in residential sector, which is the highestenergy consuming sector. Based on the final demand the sustainable energy supplyhas been proposed for all scenarios. The scenarios are presented with three possiblealternatives for economic and population growth. The energy demand and supplysituation in each scenario tells whether the sustainable energy supply is possible ornot. Rather than comparison, these scenarios present the energy supply and demandsituation under the conditions they developed. The three scenarios developed in this study are not exhausting the possible solutionsfor sustainable energy supply in Nepal. The technologies and measures and thefutures are not evaluated from the cost perspective. This means the study does notestimates, how much investment is required to realise these pictures hence it doesn’tanswer whether they are feasible from cost perspective or even desirable. The study also leaves out other perspectives like emissions reductions, earning through cleandevelopment mechanism (CDM) etc. The purpose to present different energy-futures of Nepal is to encourage andstimulate stakeholders, policymakers and the citizens to take an active interest and tostart making the changes needed that leads to sustainable energy society. The energy-futures show that together with the economic and population growth, theenergy use in future will increase as well. This is the reason for highest energydemand in the scenario which considers highest economic growth and this demandcannot be fulfilled by the renewable energy sources unless the technologicalbreakthrough in future. So high growth scenario does not satisfy the aim of the study;however rest of the two scenarios are well in line with the aim and objectives of the study. The path to the presented energy-futures; the final step in the backcasting approachhas been left out in this study. The reason is due to, that requires further analysis ofthe energy-futures from several other perspectives as well as analysis over decisionmaking and planning processes and involvement of different stakeholders. Howeverthe presented energy-futures may in some cases indicate what type of measures anddecisions that needs to be taken and what kind of investments are needed. The aim of the study is not to present the most probable energy future but the energyfutures that satisfy the objective of establishing the sustainable energy system inNepal. The renewable energy resources and the related technologies are mainlyconsidered to fulfill the future energy demand, which is the aim of the study. Finally,this study involves high degree of uncertainty due to fact that future is unknown and the uncertainty in collected data, calculations and assumptions made.<br>Division Industrial Ecologywww.kth.se/itm/indecowww.ima.kth.se
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Eckhart, Eric Ashton. "A search for charmless baryonic B meson decays at CLEO." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054568796.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 133 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Richard D. Kass, Dept. of Physics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-133).