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Books on the topic 'Clean energy sector'
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1
Davulis, John. Maine's green economy: An overview of renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors. Augusta, Me: Center for Workforce Research and Information, Maine Department of Labor, 2009.
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2
Jonathan, Coony, ed. Accelerating clean energy technology research, development, and deployment: Lessons from nonenergy sectors. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 2008.
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3
Ćetković, Stefan, Aron Buzogány, and Miranda Schreurs. Varieties of Clean Energy Transitions in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0006.
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The chapter adopts a novel approach for classifying different types of national political economies and studying their impact on renewable energy transitions. It analyses in an historical perspective the development of one mature renewable energy sector (onshore wind) and one infant renewable energy sector (offshore wind) across three major types of European economies. The chapter shows that the presence of strategic state–market coordination and the decentralized pluralist polity constitute key enabling factors that drive the development of new renewable energy technologies. The commonalities and differences in the political economy of the onshore and offshore wind sectors are also discussed.
4
Introducing energy efficient clean technologies in the brick sector of Bangladesh. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2011.
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6
Raphael J, Heffron. Part I Commercial Arbitration in the Energy Sector, 6 Mining Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0006.
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This chapter looks at recurring questions relating to the mining of natural resources (including coal, uranium, iron ore, and titanium, to name a few) which are important for energy projects around the globe. Despite its long history — international commercial mining activity has been common since the early 1800s — the mining sector has never established its own legal framework or mining-specific international law. Hence, the chapter discusses how mining-related laws, regulations, and disputes are the cross-road of conflicting, and sometimes contradicting, drivers: economics, politics, and environmental protection. It also describes several mechanisms aimed at preventing disputes, and recurrent issues in the mining sector: these include environmental impact assessments, social licences to operate, so-called ‘clean-up obligations’, and increased transparency obligations. Finally, this chapter applies the concept of ‘energy justice’ to disputes in the mining sector.
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Ogunleye, Eric Kehinde. Political Economy of Nigerian Power Sector Reform. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0020.
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The Nigerian power sector reform is necessitated by the chronically poor performance of the sector and has as its compass the 2005 Electric Power Sector Reform Act and the Road Map for Power Sector Reform 2010. Implementing the reform has resulted in significant progress that includes unbundling and privatization of the long-standing government-owned monopoly in the power sector and a move towards achieving a cost-reflective electricity tariff. This chapter provides a comprehensive assessment of the reform, isolating the major challenges facing it, and focusing on political economy developments surrounding regulatory, institutional, legislative, and fiscal issues, with achieving energy security and mainstreaming clean renewable energy being the main theme running through the analysis.
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de Alencar Xavier, Yanko Marcius, and Anderson Souza da Silva Lanzillo. Financing Renewable Energy in Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0019.
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This chapter analyses Brazilian public policy on financing renewable energy to address climate change. Conditions in Brazil favour adoption of an increasingly clean energy matrix: with significant innovation in energy policy and technology much of the country’s energy production now comes from renewable sources. The chapter examines the National Policy on Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.187/2009), the National Fund for Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.114/2009). Yet, energy for Brazil’s transportation system remains largely fossil fuel-based, and the oil and gas industry is economically important. The chapter discusses the intergration of renewable energy into climate change policy and adoption of climate policy in energy legislation, together with measures such as taxation that support renewable energy. The chapter examines the oil and gas industry economic crisis and the ramifications for financing renewable energy given historic reliance on the fossil fuel sector to fund innovations in renewable energy technologies.
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Oniemola, Peter Kayode, and Jane Ezirigwe. Financing Energy Access in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0006.
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To achieve universal energy access will attract huge capital investments. If sub-Saharan Africa is to realize anything close to the ambitious goals set for its energy access, then new actors, innovative funding mechanisms and sustainable technologies will have to be attracted. Finance is needed for activities such as rural electrification, clean cooking facilities, diesel motors and generators, other renewable energy technologies, oil and gas infrastructures, etc. Finance is also needed in research and development of suitable technologies and funding options as well as investment in the capacity to formulate and implement sound energy policies. This chapter examines the varied financing options for energy access in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that with appropriate laws in place and effective mechanism for implementation, African countries can significantly engage private sector financing, international financial institutions and foreign donors. The role of the law here will be in creating an enabling environment for financing.
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Jenkins, Jesse D., and Valerie J. Karplus. Carbon Pricing under Political Constraints. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0003.
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The economic prescription for mitigating climate change is clear: price carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions to internalize climate damages. In practice, a variety of political economy constraints have prevented the introduction of a carbon price equal to the full social cost of emissions. This chapter develops insights about the design of climate policy in the face of binding political constraints. Using a stylized model of the energy sector, the authors identify welfare-maximizing combinations of a CO2 price, subsidy for clean energy production, and lump-sum transfers to energy consumers or producers under a set of constraints: limits on the CO2 price, on increases in energy prices, and on energy consumer and producer surplus loss. The authors find that strategically using subsidies or transfers to relieve political constraints can significantly improve the efficiency of carbon pricing policies, while strengthening momentum for a low-carbon transition over time.
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Sengupta, Ramprasad. Entropy Law, Sustainability, and Third Industrial Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121143.001.0001.
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In mankind’s relentless quest for prosperity, Nature has suffered great damage. It has been treated as an inexhaustible reserve of resources. The indefinite scale of global expansion is still continuing and now the earth’s very survival is under threat. But against this exploitation of nature, there is the concept of entropy, which places a finite limit on the extent to which resources can be used in any closed system, such as our planet. Considering the impact of entropy, this book examines the key issues of sustainability—social, economic, and environmental. It discusses the social dimension of sustainability, showing how it is impacted by issues of economic inequality, poverty, and other socio-economic and infrastructural factors in the Indian context. It also highlights how Indian households suffer from clean energy poverty and points to the inequality in distribution of different fuels and of fuel cost among households. It assesses India’s power sector and its potential to be a significant player in bringing the Third Industrial Revolution to India by replacing fossil fuels with new renewables. It concludes by projecting power sector scenarios till 2041–42 achievable through alternative, realizable policy with respect to energy conservation and fuel substitution, and thus paves the way for the green power.
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Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. Ethical Energy Choices. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.35.
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This chapter helps explain why energy ethics has not prevailed, despite thousands of years of energy pollution–caused deaths. Section 1 outlines the harms created by fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Section 2 surveys environmental ethicists’ responses to these harms. Because energy harms are so obvious and well established, most environmental ethicists have not spent time arguing against them. Instead, as section 3 explains, most environmental ethics work on energy has been at the level of third-order analyses—responding to those who attempt to justify continued use of dirty energy, often by saying other power sources are unavailable or too expensive. Sections 4 through 8 provide brief third-order ethical analyses of five major second-order ethical excuses for not moving to clean, renewable energy: namely, the readiness, intermittency, expense, regulation, and intention excuses. The final section outlines how future energy-related ethics research is likely to develop. Because other chapters in this volume address climate this one does not do so.
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Griffith-Jones, Stephany, José Antonio Ocampo, and Paola Arias. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827948.003.0013.
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Based on the seven case studies analysed in this volume, this chapter concludes that national development banks (NDBs) have been successful in many cases in supporting innovation and entrepreneurship, key new sectors like renewable energy, and financial inclusion. They have developed new instruments, such as far greater use of guarantees, equity (including venture capital) and debt funds, and new instruments for financial inclusion. The context in which they operate is key to their success. Active countercyclical policies, low inflation, fairly low real interest rates, a well-functioning financial sector, and competitive exchange rates are crucial. They are also more effective if the country has a clear development strategy, linked to production sector strategies that foster innovative sectors. Under these conditions, the chapter argues that there is great need for a larger scale of NDB activity in Latin America and in developing countries in general.
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Idornigie, Paul Obo. Towards Adopting an Appropriate Dispute Resolution Mechanism to Promote Investments to Enhance Energy Access in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0009.
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Any development initiative in the energy sector will not only consider the legal framework for attracting such investment but the dispute resolution mechanisms also. Conventionally, the dispute resolution mechanism usually offered is litigation through the courts. However, it has become clear that no foreign investor would like to be restricted to fora like litigation without other alternatives. This chapter examines the role that law plays in the enablement and empowerment of the world’s energy poor with particular focus on Africa; the various dispute resolution mechanisms; and the legal framework for arbitration in Africa states to determine whether the arbitration laws enhance or impede access to energy. The chapter also considers whether arbitration laws and other instruments are stimulants for inward investment into the energy sector and concludes that if arbitration is to serve this purpose the contracts and treaties should be properly negotiated and clauses on arbitration professionally drafted.
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Tosun, Jale. Energy Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.174.
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Energy policy comprises rules concerning energy sources; energy efficiency; energy prices; energy from abroad; energy infrastructure; and climate and environmental aspects of energy production, utilization, and transit. The main theme in energy policy concerns the trade-offs between affordable, secure, and clean energy. Energy policy is a cross-sectoral—or boundary-spanning—policy area, which means that energy policy has implications for or is affected by decisions taken in adjacent policy areas such as those addressing agriculture, climate, development, economy, environment, external relations, and public health. The cross-sectoral character of energy policy is reflected in how it is proposed, adopted, implemented, and evaluated. Putting an energy policy issue on the political agenda can be attained easily, while the diversity of interests of the actor groups that are potentially affected by the proposal can complicate the policy process. The implementation depends on whether the energy policy measure in question is of a local, national, or international nature; and to what extent the implementation entails joint efforts by state and non-state actors. As with policy instruments adopted in any other policy area, the evaluation of an energy policy’s success is likely to vary across the different actor groups involved.The analytical perspectives on energy policy depend on the energy source of interest. Research concentrating on fossil energy sources (i.e., coal, oil, and natural gas) has traditionally adopted the analytical lens of international relations and international political economy. A similar research interest can be observed for studies of unconventional fossil energy sources (i.e., oil shale, oil sands, and shale gas) and nuclear power, although the centrality of risk and uncertainty in the analytical frameworks adopted help to connect these topics more directly with the public policy literature. The energy policy issue that has been on the research agendas of all political science subfields—including comparative politics—is renewable energy. Questions concerning the supply and management of energy infrastructure have received attention from public administration scholars.
16
Nahm, Jonas. Collaborative Advantage. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197555361.001.0001.
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In an era of rapid international economic integration, how do countries interact, innovate, and compete in industries, like energy, that are fundamental to national interests? Collaborative Advantage: Forging Green Industries in the New Global Economy examines the development of wind and solar industries, two sectors of historic importance that have long been the target of ambitious public policy. As wind and solar grew from cottage industries into $300 billion global sectors, China, Germany, and the United States each developed distinct constellations of firms with starkly different technical capabilities. The book shows that globalization itself has reinforced such distinct national patterns of industrial specialization. Economically, globalization has created opportunities for firms to specialize through collaboration with others. Politically, new possibilities for specialization have allowed firms to repurpose existing domestic institutions for application in new industries. Against the backdrop of policy efforts that have generally failed to grasp the cross-national nature of innovation, the book offers a novel explanation for both the causes of changes in the global organization of innovation and their impact on domestic politics. As interdependence in global supply chains has again come under fire in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, Collaborative Advantage challenges the notion that globalization is primarily about competition, highlighting instead the central role of collaboration in the global economy, particularly in clean energy industries critical to solving the climate crisis.
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Revesz, Richard, and Jack Lienke. Struggling for Air. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233112.001.0001.
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Since the beginning of the Obama Administration, conservative politicians have railed against the President's "War on Coal." As evidence of this supposed siege, they point to a series of rules issued by the Environmental Protection Agency that aim to slash air pollution from the nation's power sector . Because coal produces far more pollution than any other major energy source, these rules are expected to further reduce its already shrinking share of the electricity market in favor of cleaner options like natural gas and solar power. But the EPA's policies are hardly the "unprecedented regulatory assault " that opponents make them out to be. Instead, they are merely the latest chapter in a multi-decade struggle to overcome a tragic flaw in our nation's most important environmental law. In 1970, Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which had the remarkably ambitious goal of eliminating essentially all air pollution that posed a threat to public health or welfare. But there was a problem: for some of the most common pollutants, Congress empowered the EPA to set emission limits only for newly constructed industrial facilities, most notably power plants. Existing plants, by contrast, would be largely exempt from direct federal regulation-a regulatory practice known as "grandfathering." What lawmakers didn't anticipate was that imposing costly requirements on new plants while giving existing ones a pass would simply encourage those old plants to stay in business much longer than originally planned. Since 1970, the core problems of U.S. environmental policy have flowed inexorably from the smokestacks of these coal-fired clunkers, which continue to pollute at far higher rates than their younger peers. In Struggling for Air, Richard L. Revesz and Jack Lienke chronicle the political compromises that gave rise to grandfathering, its deadly consequences, and the repeated attempts-by presidential administrations of both parties-to make things right.