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Sollie, Vincent, and Johannes Malmström. "Automation of refilling station in clean room." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386477.
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This thesis aims to confirm a proof of concept on how to get a robot to pick up a plastic bag containing 3500 plastic caps, cut it open and pour the content, all within a restricted Clean room. The work was executed in an agile way with several ongoing iterative processes in parallel. In the present production line, refilling caps are done manually. For those working in the production line, this task entails heavy lifting and the concern of keeping an eye out for when to refill and how many caps there are in the production line all the time. The result is a working prototype of a robot tool, consisting of a combined clamp and vaccum bag gripper and a self standing linear unit with a blade mounted to it. When tested, this proved to be a functioning solution to the task in hand. The gripper is designed to be mounted on a six axis industrial robot and the blade is placed inside a robot cell. Simulations show that the task is easily done fast enough to supply 5 production lines, producing in full speed,with caps. Solely this unit will not contribute much to a production line if implemented in a factory, since it does not take material flow into consideration. It can merely be seen as a part of a bigger automation chain.
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Sannes, Kevin Markle 1964. "Finite element analysis of aerosol particle deposition on surfaces inside a clean room." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277120.
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Aerosol particle deposition rates on surfaces inside a clean room are predicted by a model developed to account for particle convection, diffusion and sedimentation. External forces acting on the particle also influence the rate of deposition. Both electrical charge build up on product surfaces and temperature gradients in the air near the product surface are known to effect the rate of deposition. A description of an electrostatic and thermophoretic force on the particle is thus included in the model. The equations governing the particle deposition process and the approach used in obtaining a solution to these equations are both described. A finite element numerical solution is detailed, followed by a description of the electrostatic force models. Finally, predictions of the model are presented with a comparison to data experimentally obtained by other researchers.
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Smith, Laurie McKenzie. "An investigation and examination of the levels and types of bacterial contamination on the surface of clean room operators' garments." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3131.
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The contamination of sterile pharmaceutical products is a serious event which has in the worst case scenario led to patient death. Operators are the primary source of clean room contamination, with the majority of their detritus being identified as skin squames and their related microorganisms. The ability of operator associated bacterial contamination to disseminate through specialist garments worn in the clean room environment is apparent in the literature. However, despite the fibres of such garments being identified as a suitable substrate for bacteria to adhere to and grow upon, the bacterial bioburden of the surface of clean room operators’ garments is an area which severely lacks in published research. Reported here is the recovery, enumeration and comparison of the levels of bacteria on the surface of reusable antistatic carbon filament polyester clean room garments, using the direct agar contact method, following their laundering with and without terminal gamma sterilisation, immediately following their donning with operators dressing wearing either no gloves, non – sterile gloves or sterile clean room gloves, and following their wear within the clean room environment, with respect to gender. The aforementioned method, with its recovery efficiency shown to be unaffected by agar composition (NA or TSA), recovered bacteria from the surface of garments laundered with and without gamma sterilisation. Such terminal decontamination was shown to reduce the surface bacterial bioburden of the garments, especially at the chest and umbilicus regions, which were shown to harbour higher levels of bacteria than the other sites tested. The direct agar contact method, showing an increase in recovery efficiency following a 48 hour agar incubation period as opposed to a 24 hour period, also recovered bacteria from the surface of clean room garments donned by operators dressing wearing either no gloves, non – sterile gloves and sterile clean room gloves. Bacteria were transferred onto the surface of these garments via the hand borne route, with the chest and oral cavity regions being found to harbour more bacteria than the other sites tested. Overall, glove type was shown to have no effect upon the resultant bacterial bioburden of the surface of the garments, suggesting expensive clean room gloves could be substituted for their cheaper non – sterile equivalents or no gloves during the donning process without subsequently increasing the surface bacterial bioburden of the garment. The direct agar contact method also recovered bacteria from the surface of clean room garments worn by male and female operators, following their working period within a clean room environment. Gender was found to significantly affect the surface bacterial bioburden of the garments, with the surface of those garments worn by male operators being more contaminated than the surface of those worn by their female counterparts. In addition, the donning of a clean room hood was shown to reduce the levels of bacteria at the chest and posterior cervicis regions of suits worn by both genders. Overall, the direct agar contact method was identified as a successful tool to recover, enumerate and estimate the surface bacterial bioburden of reusable antistatic polyester carbon filament clean room garments. Finally, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, found to be more reliable and accurate at identifying unknown isolates than traditional phenotypic first - stage tests, which were subsequently found to misidentify > 85 % of the isolates tested, a self - selected representative number of isolates recovered from the surface of garments during the laundering and gender comparison studies were predominantly identified as skin commensal species of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, as well as environmental species of Bacillus. The knowledge contained within this thesis, with respect to clean room operators and their specialist garments, contributes towards improving contamination control standards within clean room facilities.
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Chul, Chang Young. "Experimental, theoretical and computational modelling of airflow to investigate the themalhydraulic performance and ventilation efficiency in a clean room." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389239.
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Hassan, Mahad, and Fredrik Edelsvärd. "Demontering av ett mekaniskt låssystem med CAN 2.0 : En fallstudie i hur en CAN-buss kan användas inom dörrlåssystem." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279677.
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Låssystem kan minska risken för inbrott och stöld, och vara ett verktyg för behöriga personer att få tillgång till lokaler och rum. Därför är det viktigt att moderna låssystem är pålitliga, öppnar snabbt och är säkra. Detta examensarbete undersöker om CAN (Controller Area Network) är ett idealt kommunikationsprotokoll för ett säkerhetssystem av dörrlås, med syftet att utföra en fallstudie av CAN-protokollet. Detta sker genom att analysera ett låssystem från ASSA vars kommunikationsprotokoll mellan styroch låsenhet misstänktes använda CAN-protokollet mellan dess styrenhet och låsenhet. Slutsatsen av analysen var att låssystemet från ASSA inte kommunicerade via CAN. För att bevisa dettaåterskapades signaler med elektriska standardinterface RS-485. Det sista steget vara att utveckla ett eget låssystem med CAN som kommunikationsprotokoll, och sedan skulle de två låssystem jämföras. För att testa detta programmeras två kretskort av typen ESP32-PoE till en styrenhet och en låsenhet. Ett låssystem designades på ett kopplingsdäck innan den ersattes av två PCBs. Slutresultatet var ett motorlås och en styrenhet som konstruerades och validerades i ett kopplingsdäck. Av de två kretskorten som utvecklades fungerade kontrollenheten som förväntat, medan låsenheten hade problem med dess motor. Den kunde dock klara av dess andra uppgifter som att läsa signaler från styrenheten via en 10 meter kabel och läsa signaler från dess dörrläge givande magnetsensor. Det demonterade låssystemet sänder signaler snabbare, och öppnar låset ungefär lika snabbt, men är inte lika säker som den kommersiella låssystemet för att CAN har restriktiva säkerhetsåtgärder.Lock systems can reduce the risk of burglary and theft, and be a tool for authorized persons to access premises and rooms. Therefore, it is important that modern lock systems are secure, reliable and open quickly. This thesis investigates whether CAN (Controller Area Network) is an ideal communication protocol for a door lock security system. This is done by analyzing a mechanical lock system from ASSA which was suspected of using CANbus as a communication protocol between the control unit and lock unit. Then the lock and control units were analyzed. The conclusion of the analysis is that the lock system did not communicate via CAN. To prove this, signals were re-created with the electrical standard interface RS-485.The final step was to construct a lock system with CAN as a communication protocol, and then the two lock systems would be compared.To test this, two ESP32-PoE development boards are programmed into a controller and a locking device. A mechanical door lock system was designed on a breadboard before being replaced by two PCBs. Of the two circuit types that were developed, the control unit worked as expected, while the motorlock unit had problems with it’s motor. However, it was able to handle its other tasks such as reading signals from the controller via a 10 meter cable and reading signals from its door locating magnetic sensor. The disassembled lock system sends signals faster, and opens the lock approximately as quickly, but is not as secure as the commercial CAN lock system has restrictive security measures.
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Schmidt, Heidi. "Sarah Ruhl's Women| Gender, Representation and Subversion in The Clean House, Eurydice and In the Next Room, or the vibrator play." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850749.
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Petrus, Rodrigo Rodrigues. "Adaptação e avaliação de desempenho de sistema asseptico para leite fluido em garrafa plastica." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254559.
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Orientador: Jose de Assis Fonseca FariaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Petrus_RodrigoRodrigues_D.pdf: 1772681 bytes, checksum: a2e739a7a3e2168d1c5de3ebe70fed22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu na adaptação e avaliação do desempenho de um sistema asséptico piloto para leite fluido em garrafa plástica. O sistema foi avaliado através da identificação e monitoração sistemática de pontos de controle do processo, testes de esterilidade comercial, análises sensorial e físico-química do produto e avaliação da embalagem. Os pontos de controle foram monitorados antes e simultaneamente aos processamentos, a saber: tratamento térmico do leite; conformidade operacional da sala de envase, incluindo pressurização, taxa de movimentação de ar, contagem de partículas totais e microrganismos no ar e avaliação de limpeza e sanificação de superfícies; análise microbiológica da água de enxágüe da linha de processamento e envase, análise das embalagens e de sua água de enxágüe. Quatro lotes de 150L de leite com pH próximo a 6,7 foram processados entre 135 a 144ºC durante 10s em um trocador de calor a placas e acondicionados assepticamente em garrafas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) de 500mL, em uma sala limpa ISO classe 7. A assepsia das embalagens foi feita através de aspersão de uma mistura contendo 0,5% de ácido peracético e 0,8% de peróxido de hidrogênio a 30ºC/10s. O leite processado através do sistema asséptico piloto avaliado foi comparado ao leite longa vida comercial em embalagens cartonadas e em garrafas plásticas de PEAD de alta barreira, aplicando-se testes de aceitação sensorial. Os resultados da avaliação dos pontos de controle do processo indicaram um bom desempenho apresentado pelo sistema desenvolvido, justificado pelas baixas contagens ou ausência de microrganismos nos pontos avaliados. Dos 4 lotes processados, 2 atingiram a esterilidade comercial, baseado nos critérios físico-químicos e microbiológicos adotados. A vida útil do produto, estimada através de testes sensoriais, atingiu 4 semanas para os dois primeiros lotes produzidos, 8 semanas para o lote 3 e 11 semanas para o lote 4. A opacidade das embalagens utilizadas na pesquisa foi de 90%, inferior a opacidade das embalagens comerciais, que foi de 100%. Portanto, a barreira à luz foi considerada insuficiente para a embalagem em avaliação, em virtude da elevada sensibilidade do leite à fotoxidação. Concluiu-se que o sistema asséptico piloto avaliado correspondeu às expectativas de desempenho, devendo, entretanto, ser submetido à implementação de melhorias em sua infra-estrutura para que possa ser eventualmente disponibilizado para processamentos em pequena escala, visando a produção de leite comercialmente estéril acondicionado em garrafas plásticas
Abstract: The objective of this research was the adaptation and performance evaluation of a pilot aseptic system for liquid milk filled into plastic bottles. The system was evaluated by identifying and systematically monitoring the process control points, by commercial sterility tests, sensory, physical and chemical analyses of the product and an evaluation of the packaging. The control points were monitored before and during process as follows: heat treatment of the milk; operational conformity during filling in the aseptic room including pressurization, air movement rate, total and viable particle count and evaluation of surface cleanliness and sanitation; microbiological analyses of the rinsing waters used in the process and filling lines and an analysis of the packages and their rinsing water. Four 150L batches of milk with pH values of about 6.7 were heat processed between 135 and 144°C for 10s in a plate heat exchanger and filled aseptically into 500mL high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles in an ISO class 7 clean room. The aseptic condition of the bottles was obtained by spraying with a mixture containing 0.5% peracetic acid and 0.8% hydrogen peroxide for 10s at 30°C. The processed milk using the pilot aseptic system was compared by sensory analysis with commercial long life milk filled into carton-type packages and plastic bottles. The results of the microbial evaluation of the control points indicated good performance of the system developed based on the low counts and absence of microorganisms at some evaluated points. Of the 4 batches processed, 2 attained commercial sterility based on the physical-chemical and microbiological criteria adopted. The shelf life of the product, estimated according to the sensory tests, was 4 weeks for the first two batches processed, 8 for batch 3 and 11 for batch 4. The opacity of the packaging used was 90%, lower than that of commercial packaging, which was 100%. Thus the light barrier property was considered inadequate considering the high sensitivity of milk to the photooxidation. It was concluded that the pilot aseptic system evaluated corresponded to the performance expectations, however, it should be submitted to some implementations of improvements in its infrastructure in order to be recommended for small-scale commercially ile milk production
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Vrubl, David. "Návrh větrání čistého prostoru mikrobiologické laboratoře." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228354.
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The diploma thesis conversant problem of ventilation clean rooms of microbiological laboratory. Clean rooms pose enhanced requirements on quality distributed air, air filtrating, noisiness, humidity, stream velocity, temperature and quarantee requirement overpressures. Practical part is attention paid to solvent project solution airconditioning clean rooms of microbiological laboratory, completion need of calculations and dispose scheme of air conditioning
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Patitucci, Stella Martins. "Estudo para minimização do processo de fumigação empregado na limpeza e desinfecção de salas limpas em Bio-Manguinhos/ FIOCRUZ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6781.
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As indústrias farmacêuticas que utilizam salas limpas, em seus processos produtivos, devem controlar ao máximo o nível de contaminantes microbiológicos, baseada na legislação RDC 210 que determina o cumprimento das diretrizes estabelecidas no Regulamento Técnico das Boas Práticas para a Fabricação de Medicamentos.
Diante deste cenário, a proposta deste trabalho é avaliar o processo de fumigação com o reagente formaldeído, para a limpeza e desinfecção de salas limpas do Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Então, foram desenvolvidas as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico com as indústrias farmacêuticas para traçar um perfil quanto ao uso da fumigação; quantificação de resíduos gerados; avaliação da exposição dos operadores ao formaldeído que é cancerígeno e acompanhamento dos resultados do monitoramento ambiental do ar e de superfícies, inicialmente na sala limpa do SEFBC, cuja atividade principal é a formulação de vacinas bacterianas e biofármacos, após a implantação do espaçamento da fumigação.
Os resultados discutidos na presente dissertação mostraram, que a maior parte das indústrias farmacêuticas, não realiza a desinfecção por intermédio da fumigação e que o resíduo gerado neste processo é o mais crítico. E, sobretudo, o monitoramento microbiológico do ar e de superfícies da sala limpa do SEFBC, a partir da metodologia adotada de espaçamento da fumigação, comprovou que não é necessário o emprego deste processo de forma rotineira, para garantir os níveis exigidos de limpeza e desinfecção da respectiva áreaPharmaceutical industries that use clean rooms for their productive processes, must control to a maximum the level of microbiological contaminants, based on RDC 210 legislation that determines the fulfillment of lines in the directions established by the Technical Regulation Program for a Good Medicine Manufacturing. Ahead to this scene, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the process of fumigation with reacting formaldehyde, for the cleanness and disinfection of clean rooms of the Bio-Manguinhos Institute of Technology of Imunobiológicos. Then, the following stages had been developed: diagnosis with the pharmaceutical industries in order to get a scenario on the use of fumigation; quantification of the residues generated; evaluation of the exposition of operators to formaldehyde, a cancerigenous agent, and screening of the results of the environment monitoring of the air and surfaces, initially in the clean room of the SEFBC, in the areas of biopharmaceuticals formulation, and after a proper implementation of a fumigation process, at pre-defined intervals. The results thus obtained showed that most of the pharmaceutical industries no longer use disinfection for fumigation and that the residues generated in this process is the most critical problem. The overall microbiological monitoring of the air and surfaces of SEFBC clean room, according to the proposed methodology for fumigation, proved that the use of this process as a routine is not essential to guarantee the demanded levels of cleanness and disinfection of the respective areas
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Adamec, Jan. "Vzduchotechnika pro technologické čisté prostory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226866.
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The main objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate two variants of HVAC systems for clean rooms. The proposed system is pressurized. As part of the experimental section in which the data obtained are evaluated - humidity and air temperature.
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Marcaud, Guillaume. "Intégration d'oxydes fonctionnels pour applications en photonique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS513/document.
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Le 21ème siècle est marqué par une nouvelle ère du numérique, notamment due au développement d’objets connectés toujours plus nombreux et variés. L’incroyable croissance, du flux de données produites, échangées et stockées au niveau mondial, a permis l’émergence de nouvelles technologies comme la photonique silicium. Cette dernière est cependant limitée par les propriétés intrinsèques du silicium, comme son gap indirect et sa structure cristalline centro-symétrique.En parallèle, la famille des oxydes fonctionnels présente une incroyable diversité de propriétés, comme la ferroélectricité ou la piézoélectricité. Leur intégration en photonique est principalement limitée par l’épitaxie sur silicium. En effet, la différence de paramètre de maille entre la plupart des oxydes et le silicium engendre une grande quantité de défauts et donc une forte dégradation de leurs propriétés. L’oxyde de zirconium stabilisé à l’yttrium (YSZ), qui présente un paramètre de maille intermédiaire, assure la transition entre les réseaux cristallins. Ce travail de thèse s’articule ainsi autour de la croissance d’YSZ et la caractérisation de ses propriétés en optique intégrée.Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la croissance d’YSZ par ablation laser pulsé (PLD), ainsi que la fabrication et caractérisation de structures photoniques sur substrat de saphir. Nous avons mis en évidence le rôle du recuit du substrat avant dépôt, sur l’orientation et la qualité du film. L’optimisation du dépôt et le développement d’un procédé de fabrication, a permis la démonstration de guides d’onde à faibles pertes, d’environs 2 dB/cm, et de composants passifs plus complexes comme des structures résonantes en anneau, micro-disques et filtres de Bragg. Nous avons également caractérisé les propriétés optiques non-linéaires du troisième ordre de l’YSZ dont les résultats expérimentaux ont été confirmés par des calculs théoriques. La valeur de l’indice de réfraction non-linéaire n2, de l’YSZ, est comparable à celle du nitrure de silicium (SiN), déjà utilisé comme matériau non-linéaire.En raison de la différence de paramètre de maille et du coefficient d’expansion thermique, l’intégration d’YSZ est susceptible d’induire de larges contraintes dans le silicium, et de briser sa centro-symétrie. De récentes études, expérimentales et théoriques, ont démontré que les contraintes permettent d’exploiter des propriétés optiques non-linéaires d’ordre deux dans le silicium, normalement inexistantes dans ce matériau. Pour caractériser la distribution des contraintes, vues par un mode optique se propageant dans un guide d’onde silicium, nous avons mis en place une nouvelle technique expérimentale basée sur l’effet Raman en optique intégrée. Des signatures d’évolutions de phonons très intéressantes ont été mesurées. Cependant, les modèles théoriques n’ont pas permis de calculer des valeurs de contraintes comparables à celles prévues par les simulations et des études complémentaires sont nécessaires.Finalement l’intégration d’YSZ en photonique silicium a été étudiée selon trois approches. La première et la deuxième consistent au dépôt d’YSZ sur des guides d’onde silicium, encapsulés ou non par une couche de silice. La troisième comprend la fabrication de guides d’onde dans une couche d’YSZ, déposée sur un substrat de silicium non structuré. Nous avons mis en évidence l’absence de contrainte dans chacune des configurations, justifiée par la présence de silice à l’interface entre l’YSZ et le silicium. Les pertes de propagation dans de tels guides hybrides YSZ/Si, initialement supérieures à 250 dB/cm ont été réduites à 7,5 dB/cm par l’optimisation de la croissance et de la géométrie des guides21st century stands out as a new numeric area, particularly due to the development of Internet of Things. The exceptional growth of produced, transmitted and stored data all around the world led to new emerging technologies such as silicon photonics. However, silicon has intrinsic limitations for photonic applications including indirect bandgap and centrosymmetry of its lattice.In parallel, functional oxides family exhibits an impressive panel of properties such as ferroelectricity or piezoelectricity. The epitaxial growth is the main limitation for their integration in silicon photonics. Indeed, the lattice mismatch between most of the oxides and silicon induces high defects density which strongly degrades their properties. Nevertheless, one of these oxides, Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), can be used for the lattice transition. The objectives of the PhD work was then to study the YSZ growth mechanisms and to determine its properties in integrated optics.First, the epitaxial growth of YSZ, using Pulsed-Laser Deposition (PLD), as well as the fabrication and characterization of photonics structures have been developed on sapphire substrate. We reported the role of substrate annealing before deposition, on the orientation and quality of YSZ thin film. The optimization of the epitaxial growth, and the development of a fabrication process, allowed the demonstration of YSZ-based waveguides with propagation losses as low as 2 dB/cm. We also characterized more complex passives structures, in particular ring resonators, micro-disks and Bragg filters. Furthermore, third-order optical nonlinear properties in YSZ waveguides were experimentally determined for the first time. The n2 value, obtained experimentally, is in agreement with theoretical calculation and is in the same order of magnitude than the value reported for silicon nitride SiN, a well-known nonlinear material.Due to lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficient difference, the growth of YSZ is expected to induce large strain in silicon, breaking its crystal centrosymmetry. Recent experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated the possibility to exploit second-order optical nonlinear effects in strained silicon, usually vanishing in this material. To probe the strain distribution, seen by an optical mode propagating in a silicon waveguide, we developed an innovative Raman-based experimental technique for integrated optics. Even if typical phonons behaviors have been revealed, theoretical modeling of experimental data did not lead to strain values comparable to the simulation predictions and complementary studies are required.Finally, three approaches have been tested for the integration of YSZ in silicon photonics. The first and second one include the growth of YSZ on silicon waveguides, buried or not in a silica layer. The third one involves the fabrication of waveguides in a YSZ thin film, deposited on a flat silicon substrate. No strains in the silicon have been observed, justified by the silica interfacial layer between YSZ and silicon. Propagation losses of hybrid YSZ/Si waveguides, initially more than 250 dB/cm, have been reduced to 7.5 dB/cm thanks to YSZ growth optimization and an adapted waveguides geometry
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Tichý, David. "Návrh větrání čistého pracoviště pro elektrotechnický průmysl." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227867.
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The work describes an air conditioning and circulation system of a clean room environment in of a semiconductor production site. It is based on given requirements for air cleanness, temperature preasure and relative moisture. The first half of the work describes the way the system should work, classification of construction and operation of the site. The second half describes the calculations of the given parameters on which the system is designed. The calculations deal with - Air exchange and maintaining the required parameters - Designing the muti stage air filtration system - Designing the air flow speed, intake and outlet parameters of the air conditiong distribution system - Desingning the air conditioning units and their possitioning in the utility room
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El, Hajraoui Khalil. "Études in-situ dans un microscope électronique en transmission des réactions à l’état solide entre métal et nanofil de Ge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY012/document.
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Le domaine des nanofils semi-conducteurs est en pleine expansion depuis ces dix dernières années grâce à leurs applications dans de nombreux domaines tels que l’électronique ou la conversion d’énergie. Dans cette étude on part d’une base de nanofil de germanium (le canal), on dépose des contacts métalliques qui seront chauffés par effet joule. Une différence de potentiel est alors appliquée au contact d’entrée (la source), le courant électrique est récupéré et mesuré par le contact de sortie (le drain). Une réaction à l’état solide permet aux atomes du métal de diffuser dans le nanofil. La propagation d'une phase métal/semi-conducteur est suivie dans un microscope électronique en transmission (MET) dont la résolution permet une observation à l’échelle atomique au niveau de la source, le drain et le canal. Les dispositifs caractérisés au cours de ce stage ont été élaborés à partir de deux types de membranes, l’une plane et l’autre avec des trous. Chacune d’entre elles sont constituées d’une couche de nitrate de silicium Si3N4 à leurs surfaces présentant l’avantage d’être transparents aux électrons et isolants au courantSemiconductor nanowires (NWs) are promising candidates for many device applications ranging from electronics and optoelectronics to energy conversion and spintronics. However, typical NW devices are fabricated using electron beam lithography and therefore source, drain and channel length still depend on the spatial resolution of the lithography. In this work we show fabrication of NW devices in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) where we can obtain atomic resolution on the channel length using in-situ propagation of a metallic phase in the semiconducting NW independent of the lithography resolution. We show results on semiconducting NW devices fabricated on two different electron transparent Si3N4 membranes: a planar membrane and a membrane where devices are suspended over holes. First we show the process of making lithographically defined reliable electrical contacts on individual NWs. Second we show first results on in-situ propagation of a metal-semiconductor phase in Ge NWs by joule heating, while measuring the current through the device. Two different devices are studied: one with platinum metal contacts and one with copper contacts. Different phenomena can occur in CuGe NWs during phase propagation
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Fratelli, Ilaria. "Flexible oxide thin film transistors: device fabrication and kelvin probe force microscopy analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13538/.
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I transistor a film sottile basati su ossidi amorfi semiconduttori sono ottimi candidati nell'ambito dell'elettronica su larga scala. Al contrario delle tecnologie basate su a-Si:H a poly-Si, gli AOS presentano un'elevata mobilità elettrica (m > 10 cm^2/ Vs) nonostante la struttura amorfa. Inoltre, la possibilità di depositare AOS a basse temperature e su substrati polimerici, permette il loro impiego nel campo dell'elettronica flessibile.
Al fine di migliorare questa tecnologia, numerosi TFT basati su AOS sono stati fabbricati durante 4 mesi di attività all'Università Nova di Lisbona. Tutti i transistor presentano un canale formato da a-GIZO, mentre il dielettrico è stato realizzato con due materiali differenti: Parylene (organico) e 7 strati alternati di SiO2
e SiO2 + Ta2O5. I dispositivi sono stati realizzati su substrati
flessibili sviluppando una nuova tecnica per la laminazione e la delaminazione di fogli di PEN su supporto rigido. L'ottimizzazione del processo di fabbricazione ha permesso la realizzazione
di dispositivi che presentano caratteristiche paragonabili a quelle previste per TFT costruiti su substrati rigidi (m = 35.7 cm^2/Vs; VON = -0.10 V; S = 0.084 V/dec).
Al Dipartimento di Fisica dell'UNIBO, l'utilizzo del KPFM ha permesso lo studio a livello microscopico delle prestazioni presentate dai dispositivi analizzati. Grazie a questa tecnica di indagine, è stato possibile analizzare l'impatto delle resistenze di contatto sui dispositivi meno performanti e identificare l'esistenza di cariche intrappolate nei TFT basati su Parylene.
Gli ottimi risultati ottenuti dall'analisi KPFM suggeriscono un futuro impiego di questa tecnica per lo studio del legame tra stress meccanico e degradazione elettrica dei dispositivi. Infatti, la comprensione dei fenomeni microscopici dovuti alla deformazione strutturale sarà un passaggio indispensabile per lo sviluppo dell'elettronica flessibile.
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Rossi, Leonardo. "Flexible oxide thin film transistors: fabrication and photoresponse." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14542/.
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Gli ossidi amorfi semiconduttori (AOS) sono nuovi candidati per l’elettronica flessibile e su grandi aree: grazie ai loro legami prevalentemente ionici hanno una mobilità relativamente alta (µ > 10cm^2/Vs) anche nella fase amorfa. Transistor a film sottile (TFT) basati sugli AOS saranno quindi più performanti di tecnologie a base di a-Si e più economici di quelle a base di silicio
policristallino. Essendo amorfi, possono essere depositati a basse temperature e su substrati polimerici, caratteristica chiave per l’elettronica flessibile e su grandi aree. Per questa tesi, diversi TFT sono stati fabbricati e caratterizzati nei laboratori del CENIMAT all’Università Nova di Lisbona sotto la supervisione del Prof. P. Barquinha. Questi dispositivi sono composti di contatti in molibdeno, un canale semiconduttivo di ossido di zinco, gallio e indio (IGZO) e un dielettrico composto da 7 strati alternati di SiO2 e SiO2+Ta2O5. Tutti i dispositivi sono stati depositati mediante sputtering su sostrati flessibili (fogli di PEN). Le misure tensione-corrente mostrano che i dispositivi mantengono alte mobilità (decine di 10cm^2/Vs) anche quando fabbricati a temperature inferiori a 200°C. Si è analizzato il funzionamento dei dispositivi come fototransistor rilevando la risposta alla luce ultravioletta e in particolare la loro responsività e spostamento della tensione di soglia in funzione della lunghezza d’onda incidente. Questi risultati consentono di formulare ipotesi sul comportamento dei dispositivi alla scala microscopica. In particolare, indicano che i) la mobilità del canale non è influenzata dall’illuminazione, ii) sia l'IGZO sia il Ta2O5 contribuiscono al processo di fotoconduttività e iii) il processo di fotogenerazione non è adiabatico. La tesi contiene inoltre una descrizione del processo di ricombinazione e presenta un’applicazione pratica di tali dispositivi in un circuito per RFID. Infine, esplora la possibilità di migliorarne la flessibilità e le prestazioni.
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Michaud, Ronan. "Développement et caractérisation de micro réacteurs plasma à base de silicium élaborés par micro-nanotechnologies." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3042.
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Cette thèse a pour objectifs de développer des microréacteurs plasma élaborés sur support en silicium et d’étudier les phénomènes physiques apparaissant lors de leur fonctionnement en courant continu (DC). Les dispositifs ont été réalisés en salle blanche à l’aide des technologies de micro et nano fabrications utilisées couramment pour les MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) et la microélectronique. Des plaquettes de silicium de 100 mm de diamètre sont structurées afin d’obtenir une géométrie composée de deux électrodes conductrices séparées par un diélectrique. Afin de fonctionner en DC, au moins une des électrodes, ainsi que le diélectrique doivent être percés pour former une micro cathode creuse. La deuxième électrode peut être laissée en configuration plane ou alors être gravée de façon isotrope pour faire place à une configuration de type « cavité ». Afin de réaliser des décharges à pression atmosphérique, les dimensions typiques des micro réacteurs retenues sont les suivantes : une électrode de 1 µm d’épaisseur, un diélectrique de 8 µm d’épaisseur, un diamètre d’ouverture compris entre 100 et 150 µm et une cavité allant de 8 à 75 µm de profondeur. L’endommagement des dispositifs présentant une cathode en silicium a été publié par plusieurs équipes. Le mécanisme de destruction a été étudié de manière approfondie dans le cadre de cette thèse. Un nouveau processus de fabrication a été mis en place pour s’affranchir des instabilités à l’origine de leur destruction. De nouveaux réacteurs avec cathode en nickel ont été réalisés. Les microdécharges ont été caractérisées par diagnostics électrique et optique afin d’accéder à certaines propriétés du plasma telles que le seuil de claquage, le régime de décharge, la stabilité, la température du gaz pour déterminer les mécanismes à l’origine de la défaillance de micro dispositifs. Les micro réacteurs fonctionnant en DC dans l’hélium et dans l’argon présentent des durées de vie supérieure à 24h en continu pour des pressions couvrant la gamme 100 - 1000 torr. Des matrices de microplasmas contenant jusqu’à 576 cavités sur une même puce ont été étudiés. Elles présentent des différences avec les systèmes en configuration mono trou. Le mécanisme d’allumage en fonction de la pression a notamment été étudié. Enfin, un boîtier portable a été conçu dans la perspective d’utiliser ces matrices de microdécharges sur différents systèmes sans la nécessité d’utiliser une enceinte sous videThe objective of this thesis is to develop silicon-based plasma micro reactors and to study the physical phenomena appearing during their operation in direct current (DC). The devices were made in a clean room using the micro and nano fabrications technologies commonly used for MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) and microelectronics. Silicon wafers with a diameter of 100 mm are structured to obtain a geometry composed of two conductive electrodes separated by a dielectric. In order to operate in DC, at least one of the electrodes, as well as the dielectric, must be drilled to form a micro hollow cathode. The second electrode can be in planar configuration or can be etched isotropically to make a "cavity" configuration. In order to ignite discharges at atmospheric pressure, the typical dimensions of our micro reactors are the following: a 1-µm electrode thickness, a 8-µm dielectric thickness, an opening diameter between 100 and 150 μm and a cavity depth from 8 to 75 μm. The destruction of the devices operating with a silicon cathode has been published by several teams. The destruction mechanism has been extensively studied in this thesis. A new fabrication process has been develop to avoid the instabilities that led to their destruction. New reactors with nickel cathode have been elaborated. Microdischarges have been characterized by electrical and optical diagnostics in order to access the properties of the plasma such as the breakdown threshold, the discharge regime, the stability, the temperature of the gas to determine the failure mechanisms of the devices. Micro-reactors operating in DC in helium or argon present lifetimes greater than 24 hours for a pressure range between 100 and 1000 torr. Microplasma array containing up to 576 cavities on one chip were studied. They present differences with systems in single hole configuration. In particular, the ignition mechanism as a function of pressure has been studied. Finally, a portable packaging has been designed in the perspective of using these arrays of microdischarges on different systems without the need to use a vacuum chamber
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Vázquez, Maribel 1971. "The effects of altering air velocities in operational clean rooms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38145.
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McGinley, Susan. "Aeroponic Herbs: A Cultivation System For Clean, Consistent Root Crops." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622256.
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Robinson, Matthew. "Development of planar technology for focal planes of future radio to sub-millimetre astronomical instruments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-planar-technology-for-focal-planes-of-future-radio-to-submillimetre-astronomical-instruments(dd2876aa-ff1a-4ae7-903f-a8228f3fc85f).html.
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Receiver systems utilising planar technologies are prevalent in telescopes observing at radio to sub-millimetre wavelengths. Receiver components using planar technologies are generally smaller, have reduced mass and are cheaper to manufacture than waveguide-based alternatives. Given that modern-day detectors are capable of reaching the fundamental photon noise limit, increases in the sensitivity of telescopes are frequently attained by increasing the total number of detectors in the receivers. The development of components utilising planar technologies facilitates the demand for large numbers of detectors, whilst minimising the size, mass and manufacturing cost of the receiver. After a review and study of existing concepts in radio to sub-mm telescopes and their receivers, this thesis develops planar components that couple the radiation from the telescope's optics onto the focal plane. Two components are developed; a W- band (75-110 GHz) planar antenna-coupled flat mesh lens designed for the receiver of a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) B-mode experiment, and an L-band (1- 2 GHz) horn-coupled planar orthomode transducer designed for the receiver of the FAST telescope. The first developments of a planar antenna-coupled flat mesh lens are presented. The design is driven by the requirement to mitigate beam systematics to prevent pollution of the CMB B-mode signal. In the first instance, a waveguide-coupled mesh lens is characterised. The radiation patterns of the waveguide-coupled mesh lens have -3 dB beam widths between 26 and 19 degrees, beam ellipticity <10%, and cross-polarisation.
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Shiun, Tsai Hung, and 蔡宏訓. "Comfort of Protective Clothing Of Clean Room." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09566811627430900684.
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碩士逢甲大學
紡織工程學系
87
In recent years, science is making progress at a tremendous pace, and developed with amazing speed is also obvious, because of continuous technology innovation, thus precision, accuracy and ultra-clean are fundamentally required, this kind of product is extremely sensitive to pollution as air grains and sub-micro dust, and needs strictly standard of working environment, in order to meet above requirement thus ultra-clean, bio-clean room are to come with the tide of fashion. It is realized that in clean room, the main source of pollution is from people, therefore protective clothing is invented to prevent people extractions which will cause the damage of merchandise, in the meanwhile, evaluation and analysis of how to wear comfortably and can also has the function of dust control are need to be carefully studied. The research is focused on analysis of ultra-clean clothing regarding comfortable feature, testing items include warmth keeping and permeability of cloth, as well as temperature & moisture of microclimate on clothing, and through techniques by analysis of variance, multiple comparisons and matched pairs comparisons to gather data. The results showed that warmth keeping and permeability of cloth are distinctly effected by fabric structure and humidity; and what influence comfortable feature of clean clothing are that different people wearing, increased physical activities, specifics and arrangement of carbon fiber, the dust preventing scales and styles, etc. Source that cause working people uncomfortable feeling is mainly because of moisture of microclimate.
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zheng-bin, chen, and 陳政斌. "A Study on Clean Room Wiper by Vision Inspection." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52531244281977625678.
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碩士聖約翰科技大學
自動化及機電整合研究所
97
In the testing of the micro-fiber wiping cloth, most factories use artificial testing that will change standard along with tiredness, they bring about an error of the defect recognition and increase long-term costs. For the problem, the research adopts automatic process to achieve judgment of the defect and chained conveyor, Mitsubishi FX2-16MR to drives controlled process on the equipments, The research also use Video Capture Card of the 1394’s and L101k scan CCD to get an image. On the Visual Effects, using MATLAB to test it and use Borland C++ Builder to write a program, the way of using includes morphology, a count of the pixels, Edge Detection and judgment of edge linear. The stain can be a judgment of using a stain-defect, a cut-defect, a selvedge-defect and a length-defect and the guideline can changed with a standard of the factory. The research can reach automatic process and the judgment of the defect by the guideline and the way. The precision of the length-defect can get up to 94.8%, cut-defect and selvedge-defect can get up to 92.5%, and stain-defect can get up to 94.4%.
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cheng, chaojen, and 鄭招仁. "The Emission Control of Silane in A Clean Room." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17187847879943692625.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
87
Silane is an important gas used for CVD process in semiconductor industries, but the flue gas contain unreactive gases which are treated by burner directly. Silane may cause spontaneous ignition in atmosphere, and the product silicon dioxide could deposit near in the atomizer. The spontaneous reaction of silane is occurred in the condition of silane and oxygen both are in a low concentration. In order to avoid spontaneous reaction, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other inner gases are usually used as inhibitors. The results show that the required concentration of oxygen causing the spontaneous reaction could be raised by the injection of inert gas. This paper discusses the reaction mechanism of silane. The results show that the influence of silane and oxygen both are directly proportion to the reaction rate. And, the concentration of silane is more dominant than oxygen. In addition, PHOENIC was used to simulate the saline combustion in the burner. The results show the silane and oxygen are vigorous mixing near the atomizer, and the silicon dioxide could occur near the atomizer. If nitrogen was used to dilute and separate silane from oxygen, the chemical reaction will occur in the downstream flow field. By using the reaction mechanism of silane and dilute gas to avoid spontaneous ignition near the atomizer can be a guide to design the suitable burner for the combustion control of emission in a semicon-ductor clean room.
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Wei, Chung-Wen, and 魏中文. "A Study of Electrostatic Phenomenon in a Clean Room." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84524857076615858378.
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Chen, Fa-Kuei, and 陳法魁. "TFT-LCD Construction Risk Assessment of Clean Room Fire." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18440969782386172185.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
95
Abstract Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) industry is important in Taiwan due to its very high production value. However, the fire risk of this industry is also very high because of the compression of time limit for a construction project. The purpose of this study is to establish the strategy and process to decrease the fire risk. First, the risk level of every job has to be assessed by a group of senior workers including managers and workers. Then the jobs with very high and high fire risk levels will be discussed particularly and protection strategy will be derived. This process will be conducted using Job safety analysis (JSA). After this study, it was found that 3 items were identified very high and 1 high risk level among 26 items of impartment items, while 9 high risk among 12 items in water pipe components engineering and 3 high risk level items among 7 items of wind tube engineering. Machines and materials which are involved in these job items include toluene, arc welding generator, argon welder, cutting machine, steel bottle (oxygen, acetylene) and strong glue. In order to help workers understand risk which belongs to the very high and high risk levels, a guideline named “fire risk assessment and management of clean room under construction in TFT-LCD industry” was provided.
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Lee, Chien-Ming, and 李乾銘. "Heat Transfer Analysis in Clean Room with Automatic Vacuum Cleaner." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89252756164160971394.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
模具工程系
98
Clean room had been widely used in various high tech industries. In the past two decades. So many researches had been carried out to study the flow field of different types of clean room. Because the production technology is developing continuously, the quality of production and precision is demanded rigor and rigor. Therefore, controlling the cleanliness is very important during the process of production. In order to make a better production environment, the clean room must be developed and set all kinds of standards . This research's goal is the discussion automatic vacuum cleaner the heat transfer effect and the temperature field distribution under the different heat transfer condition in Clean Room. This research carries on the simulation using CFDesign, the condition for the supposition in a constant temperature environment, simulation analysis automatic vacuum cleaner heat transfer phenomenon under the different FFU rotational speed and vacuum cleaner position. The result showed that the FFU rotational speed is higher, its heat-removal effect is better, will not affect the temperature all around the automatic vacuum cleaner. In addition the different vacuum cleaner position will have the different temperature field distribution regarding the system interior, will be also limited regarding the environmental effect. Keywords: heat transfer、Clean Room、CFDesign、FFU
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Hsieh, Tsu-Yi, and 謝祖怡. "Anallysis of Diffusion Characteristics of Airbornes Particles in Clean Room." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94074159666068285480.
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碩士國立交通大學
機械工程研究所
86
This research is studied the diffusion characteristics of airborne particles in clean room and analyzed numerically by the computer program CFX4.2. Building a clean room can be partitioned into three stages; In the first stage, the different permeability of the floors are employed to simulatethe flow field, diffusion field and the turbulent intensity field. Then based on the above optimal results, the number and the position of HEPA filters are determined in the second stage, In the last stage, the relation between the flow field, and pressure field can be obtained by changing the different height of Reture-Air plenum. The results show that in order to get uniform flow distribution, the permeability of the floor can be reduced if the floor nears the Returen-Air zone, and the permeability of the floor can be increased if the floor was removed to the Return-Air zone. The crossed filters are better than straight line in performance of ventilation. Finally the Return-Air area must be 0.87 times larger than Supply-Air area at least to obtain lower total-pressure-drop.
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YAO, CHIN-YEN, and 姚晉煙. "Study on Improving the Quality of Clean Room by QIT." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t52cj3.
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碩士逢甲大學
工業工程與系統管理學系
106
In recent years, the technology of science is rapidly progressing. Electronic products are getting lighter, energy and touch panel requirements, the circuit on circuit board design is more and more well. In order to prevent dust and foreign matter caused line failure and costs growth increase. Clean room cleanliness management is more and more important. The study motivation is quality improvement of photoresist factory clean room management on Dry film, the case company. The purpose of this study is effectively control the cleanliness of clean room in international standards. Through case studies, to provide the acomplete clean room management system. The study provides the referencings of clean room management for the relevant industry. In this study applies QIT operation process method. Bases on people, machine, material, law, environment for causes relationship analyzes. Implements FTIR and microscope for verfiing outcomes. Finally, the clean room is fitted to the international clean room specification. The research findings indicate that dry film, edge particle size bigger than 300um, by 3.4 points per roll down to 0.6. The particle size less or equal 300um, from the average 11.4 per roll down to 3.0. Dry film surface particle, size bigger than 100um, from 7.9 particles per roll down to 3.2. The particle size less or equal than 100um, from the average 16.6 per volume down to 5.3. The fiber, more than 1.2 per volume, is down to zero. The well research outcomes of this study, provides establishment or improvement management system of clean room referencings, to achieve reliable quality of products.
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Cheng-KangWu and 吳政鋼. "The Prevention Management of Airborne Molecular Contaminants in Clean Room." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64694823712241662847.
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碩士國立成功大學
工學院工程管理碩士在職專班
101
The high-tech process in semiconductor manufacturing is rapidly progressing in recent years. According to the current capability of the manufacturing process being proceeded to the nanometer scale level, the airborne molecular contaminants hence has critical impact on the yield rate of products, in which most contaminants or chemicals have indecent potential hazards to human health. This thesis will mainly focus on the investigations and finding the prevention solutions of the airborne molecular contaminations (AMC) existed in the clean room for high-tech industry. It is also aimed to provide some better strategies and describes the major prevention methods and tools in this study as well. Based on the common used control methods, this study analyzes six characteristics for AMC prevention, which includes block, isolation, filtering, exhaust, dilution, and preventive control. Following these six characteristics of AMC prevention methods, six strategies are developed as the AMC pollution control guidelines. Those are categorized as (1) Knowledge Import and Full participation of all persons involved, (2) Environmental analysis of AMC source survey, (3) Effective inhibition of AMC sources and immediate pollution suppression, (4) Effective control mechanism and audit system establishment, (5) Real-time monitor, efficient use of resources (such as equipment and facilities), data analysis and continuous adjustment following Plan-Do-Check-Action process, (6) Emergency and responses planning and execution. Results also indicate that the core structure of the AMC prevention strategy are primarily embedded on the formation of the prevention team and their ability in quick response and execution. Meanwhile, how to effectively perform those strategies as proposed and have correct responses on site are indeed the success of the AMC contaminations prevention in clean room for high-tech industries.
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Woo, Jeyoung. "Analysis of clean room conditions impact on labor productivity : case study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5062.
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The semiconductor industry follows what is known as Moore’s Law. Moore’s Law says that every 18 months computer chip storage capacity doubles and the intervals between developments in chip design become shorter and shorter. This is also true for the set dates for construction which are dictated by the semiconductor industry’s needs and production schedule.
This paper analyzes the impact of a clean room environment. It scrutinizes daily reports and interviews, based on two data sets that focus on a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility (FAB) construction project. Both data sets involve the same crew working on a FAB construction project in the U.S. Room conditions, however, differ. Aside from such working conditions, all elements for both groups are the same (crew skill level, weather, and season). This research is based on the installation, from February 2010 to January 2011 in Austin, Texas, of an access floor in a semiconductor FAB construction project. The total cost of the project was US$3.6 billion. Generally, a semiconductor FAB has raised access floors because cables and pipes are laid under the floors for maintenance and operation purposes.
The data for this paper is derived from the access floor installation. The project manager’s daily progress record documented the changes in labor productivity. The data on the number of crew and work-hours is computed based on this information. Labor productivity is defined here as the relationship between output and the labor time for its production. The formula is as follows:
Labor productivity = Output(Quantity) / Input(Work-hours) Eq. (1)
This study used Eq. (1) to measure labor productivity for two conditions (working in general conditions and working in a clean room conditions). Labor productivity was computed as follows: the unit of output (quantity) is sq. ft., and the unit of input (work-hours) is hours.
The questionnaires and interviews attempted to identify the factors affecting project performance: rework, crew interference, overcrowded work areas, and overtime (Garner, et al., 1979; Tucker, et al., 1980). Each section consisted of yes/no questions and one question seeking the interviewee’s opinion about how each problem was solved. The responses are summarized as follows:
The results indicate that, in the clean room environment, labor productivity fell by 28.85%. For future projects, this drop represents additional time and money that should be taken into account in the estimate of costs and the schedule duration. The interviews indicate that labor productivity was affected by other factors such as rework, tool availability, other crews not being finished, overcrowded work areas, as well as access to work area.text
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Leu, Jong Yow, and 呂忠祐. "The Study of the clean Room Engineering and Particle Detection Technology." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73656037793591401487.
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碩士逢甲大學
自動控制工程研究所
86
Abstract The cleanroom environment is the required area to develop the modern indus trial products. It plays a key role for the precision industry-produc design a nd fabrication technologies. The research integrates mechatronic engineering - based knowledge to create a clean room engineering design with safety man agement course. The course contains the clean room specifications, t he engineering design standards, the contamination prevention and contro l technologies, the safety management, and some relative industry invest igations. The research results are published in the network of Internet and Wo rld Wide Web to enhance the modern advanced engineering education. It is important to monitor the room cleanliness and to analyze the contaminated particles for high-class t echnical industry, because to keep the suitable clean room condition is a ke y for developing the precision fabrication processes. The research does setu p a particle measurement with analysis system. It used to detect the clean ro om cleanliness and to determine the relative contamination and indication species that applies thtechnologies of machine vision and image processing wi th some software and hardware design. To make sure the system work function is right, the systemdetected data have compared with the data from the commercia l laser particlcounter. The research will be published in the computer network that may dosome contribution in the education of the advanced clean room engi neering and the particle detection engineering.
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Huang, Hsien Chiang, and 黃賢強. "The Energy Saving and Operational Characteristics of a Super Clean Room." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22733482736265167292.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機與能源研究所
88
Semiconductor manufacturing industry is not only a technology-intensive but also an energy-intensive industry. According the United States Environment Protection Agency (EPA), the semiconductor industry of USA consumed more than 8 billion kWh in 1996 【13】. This large consumption of electricity, primarily produced by fossil fuel, has some consequences. It will produce large amount of the greenhouse gas (GHG), carbon dioxide, as well as other pollutants. Energy consumption/conservation for the semiconductor industry has not yet been discussed intensively in Taiwan. Very few energy survey studies were conducted for the semiconductor industry of Taiwan, although most of the fabs are clustered in the Hsinchu Scientific-Based Park. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (1) to identify/compare the energy consumption levels for the overall fab use, (2) to locate the opportunities for energy-saving in the participated fabs, (3) and to distinguish/improve the energy and airflow characteristics provided by the axial fan type system or an alternative Fan Filter Unit (FFU) type system at the design stage systematically by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. This thesis includes three parts. First, energy survey results for nine semiconductor fabs in Taiwan area are reported. The results show that the energy data per unit area of the fabs are: the average electricity power is 2.18 kW/m2 and the average cooling load is 0.434 RT/m2. The average electric energy consumption per unit product (wafer) area is 1.432 kWh/cm2, and that is consistent with the data (3.1 kWh/cm2 in 1983 to 1.41 kWh/cm2 in 1995) reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce and Dataquest. Facility systems are the largest category of electric energy consumption in the fabs and constitute about 56.6% of total electric energy consumed in the fabs. Hereby the facility systems include chiller plant, makeup air system, recirculation air system, exhaust air system, nitrogen system, compressed dry air system, process cooling water, vacuum system and ultra-pure water system. The next highest area of energy consumption is the process tools category that accounts for 40.4% of energy consumed in the fabs. Analyses on the factors of energy consumption are presented. Detailed comparisons of energy use by facility component are illustrated. Best practices for energy saving reported by participated fabs are also discussed. Second, the operational characteristics of two types of uni-directional clean room recirculation systems i.e. an axial type clean room and a FFU type clean room are investigated numerically. The results show that the performance of the FFU system is generally superior to that of an axial fan system because of such factors as non-uniformity of the ULPA filter face velocity, deflection angle of airflow in the working zone, and energy consumption. Third, a correlation for the variation of the non-uniformity of filter face velocity is achieved for axial type clean rooms with two hundred case studies by CFD. This correction is helpful in the design of the geometry of clean room supply air plenum (SAP). In general, this thesis provides significant information to the design and energy-saving for semiconductor clean rooms.
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Huang, Chia-sung, and 黃佳松. "Airflow Simulation of Semiconductor Clean Room and Energy Saving Operation Strategy." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kd826b.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
冷凍空調工程系所
94
In the present study, air flow fields and pressure distributions of a full scale class 100 semiconductor clean room system were simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that incorporates flow resistances of various components in the air path. The fan-performance curves of fan filter unit (FFU), the pressure – velocity curves of the dry coil and the ULPA are included in the model. The pressure and velocity distributions of the present simulation are in reasonable agreement with the measurement in a clean room system during operation. Various MAU pressures and FFU fan speeds were simulated to investigate their effects on the clean room pressure and velocity distribution. The simulation results were interpreted from the energy conservation view point, and the optimum operation patterns were proposed. The results of the present study indicate that the clean room pressure increases 0.25 Pa for every increment of 1 Pa MAU pressure or 7 rpm FFU fan speed. The pressure in the maintainance space above FFU increases 1 Pa for every 2 Pa increment of MAU pressure or 27 rpm increment of FFU fan speed.
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Lee, Cheng-Hung, and 李政煌. "The Improvement on Energy Saving and Efficiency of Foundry’s Clean Room." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27993347308767737368.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班精密與自動化工程組
98
Existing foundry’s fab. in the dynamic operating conditions, still on-going energy efficiency audit, through the system diagnostics to improve operational efficiency of the system to reduce energy costs. In this study, two systems for foundry’s fab. to improve the energy efficiency assessment: （a）Assessment of additional TES air-conditioning, load shifting of electricity during peak hours in order to obtain TPC preferential rates. Planning 2,000 RTH TES air conditioning system, saving electricity cost 862,288 NTD / year, NTD7,415,000 project investment, the ROI limit in 8.6 years. （b）Planning to improve the clean room dry coil system, 2 sets of 100 hp centrifugal pump, the original total output operation, planning to install two invertors can save 46% power output, saving electricity costs 1,349,040 NTD/ year, the ROI limit in 1.12 years.
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Chao, Che-Wei, and 趙哲偉. "Clean room rnvionment gas detector rationality mode of distribution and discuss." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45706522717361301467.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院產業安全與防災學程
102
In the process of manufacturing, the alteration of manufacturing process might lead to changes of airflow in cleanrooms. Therefore, it is crucial to re-estimate the rationality of the positioning of cleanroom hazardous production material gas detectors. From 3.5 inch to 7.5 inches thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD), the researchers have been seeking for more new applications and new product developments. The larger the size of the FTF LCD, the more the possible application could be applied on. However, with the growth of the numbers of applications, the types of chemicals being used in the cleanroom might increase. To provide a sound instruction in handling emergency responses, such as hazardous gas leakage, the impacts of the layout of newly introduced machine on cleanroom airflow are investigated to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the information shown by gas detectors, and to further enhanced the decision being made by operators. In the case of TFT-LCD factory, the airflow and equipment in the cleanroom were investigated; distribution of manufacturing equipment, gas valve manifold boxes and gas detectors were analyzed; physical properties of hazardous gases and information of supplying equipment were integrated and introduced as parameters into the gas diffusion simulation program for further analysis. The results of the simulation then were analyzed in comparison with the reality. Based on that, an enhanced solution in regards of engineering integrating and planning, gas detector distribution and installation was proposed. This research provides a suggestion and reference on optimization of gas detector distribution and installation.
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Chang, Ching-Hung, and 張景閎. "The Influence of Smoke Ventilation and Cleaninessfor An Opening of An Isolated Machine Room Inside A Clean Room." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4wdfh6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
95
This study investigates the ventilation of an isolated room inside a smoke control zone in a clean room. For the needs of the operation of certain machines, an isolated room is built inside a clean room and results in destruction of the original smoke control zone. For the purpose of satisfying the fire safety regulations, an opening is needed on the wall of the inner isolated room. However, it has never been proved that whether the opening can actually ventilate the smoke out of the isolated room for a clean room. The flow of this situation is simulated by a commercial computational fluid dynamic code to simulate the flow in the present study. A small isolated room is built and tested to simulate the actual situation. A simulation model is developed by simulating this small room using varies mesh sizes and parameters. This model is verified by comparing the velocity distribution with the measured values. Then, the verified model is applied on various opening size, location and the numbers of fan filter units for a full scale isolated room inside a clean room. All simulations show that the smoke can flow out of the isolated room only if that the pressure inside the isolated room is greater than that outside the room. The full scale simulations show that the opening, which satisfies the fire safety regulation, does not necessarily vent the air out of the isolated room. For increasing the pressure in the isolated room without disturbing the flow in the room, one needs to increase the number of FFU instead of its rotating speed. For the 61.5m × 20.4m × 14.5m full-scale clean room in the present work, the FFU needs to be greater than 25.05% of the ceiling to ensure air venting outside the isolated room. If the FFU occupied 10.96% of the ceiling, air will flow into the isolated room through the opening, even if the opening is as big as 11.9% of the wall.
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CHEN, SHAO KANG, and 陳少康. "Study on Clean Room IPA treatment by Organic Acid Modified Activated Carbon." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3y3wr5.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
化學工程與生物科技系生化與生醫工程碩士班
106
Isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and other volatile organic components are commonly used in the semiconductor industry for cleaning in process cleaning. A chemical filter was installed to remove high concentration of volatile organic compound for preventing process contamination. Under normal condition, the life of the chemical filter is about 2 to 3 years, but the filter life of a company in the Hsinchu Science Park is only about half a year. In addition, the price of the replaced filter is very expensive. In order to improve the filter life, different substrates or methods of modification are studied.This study would firstly use organic acid to modify coal-derived active carbon. The activated carbon before and after the modification were characterized by using BET, SEM, TGA, FTIR, TPD and compared with the commercial coconut activated carbon.The result was found that the specific surface area of the activated carbon modified by the organic acid, was not as large as that of commercial activated carbon, but with a noticeable increase in surface area for the modification material. As can be seen on the SEM images, the micrograph of activated carbon modified with the oxalic acid appears the crystals precipitation and more fold structure. Besides, the surface functional groups of the organic acid modification have reduced the presence of basic groups and increased the number of acidic groups. The breakthrough time was increased from 720 to 900 minutes, and 1440 to 2400 minutes at 50 and 10 ppm concentration, respectively.
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Ching-Liang, Lee, and 李清諒. "Establishment of an Online Energy Saving Assessment System for Semiconductor Clean Room." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28430002790545819421.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
98
In this study, the energy consumptions of air-conditioning temperature and humidity, Fan Filter Unit (FFU), lighting, and boiler systems of a semiconductor factory clean room were analyzed, and the possible and feasible way of energy savings, the mode of calculation of the energy consumption of various energy-saving mode were evaluated, in order to find effective and feasible way of energy savings. An online energy saving assessment system using Microsoft ASP.NET and Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 was then developed to be used for clean room air conditioning, lighting, hot water boiler system simulation before and after provision of energy data. The factory maintenance user needs not download or install any software but just log in through the Internet to this online energy assessment system to calculate the most energy-saving and low-cost operation mode, significantly minimize possible errors and mistakes on their own by hand calculation or look-up table diagram.
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Hao, Chen Chih, and 陳志豪. "Cloud Services Model of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction for Clean Room." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40915558543368632946.
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碩士東南科技大學
機械工程研究所
103
With advances in technology, a variety of products for manufacturing process control pollution conditions gradually importance. Whether high-tech industries in accordance with the production environment or food, medical products needed for the establishment of the new product regulations, are increasingly stringent. All kinds of production line to comply with the conditions of production Control Manager, all the production environment based on temperature, humidity, and cleanliness by the Clean Indoor Control Manager 's operated production. At the same time due to the need to maintain the indoor temperature and humidity control and cleanliness to meet production needs, so whether or pharmaceutical cleanroom technology industry food clean room all belong to the more energy-intensive air conditioning within the production line project. To save energy without affecting the indoor production conditions, this study adopted cloud service model for each element within an air conditioning system operation mode and set the parameters itself whether the conditions exist to save energy and use adjust the control factors to reduce energy consumption, and operating records and adjust parameters leverage cloud system records maintained in order to achieve the purpose of improving the recording and comparison of energy consumption.
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Li, Min-chi, and 李敏祺. "The Business Model of Entrepreneurship- A Case Study of Clean Room Consumables." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09321407346867011633.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
全球運籌管理研究所碩士班
99
Taiwan enterprises have created the world-famous economic miracle, entrepreneurial motivation is one of Taiwan''s economic development. However, under fierce market competition, many enterprises finally face business operation problems due to lack of innovation to cope with market changes. Thus, this research study and is based on a case study of set-up process of a clean room supplier. This research adopts the case study method to study case regarding the firm’s background, competitive advantages, innovative business models and so on. By the impact of losing jobs from the 2009 financial crisis, the entrepreneur found the Niche and established the firm by using the supply chain concept with resources from the upstream manufacturer. Supplied the clean room consumable products to the technology and electronics factory is the main market, and create value for firm’s interest by the capabilities of providing customer service. Furthermore, in terms of the extension of entrepreneur’s background in the clean room supplies, industry structure, strategy- tactics model and new venture business strategy, this research points out the associated significant mutual affection by firm’s factors such as business model, value creation, business strategy and process of innovation and so on, and then analyzed and studied following 1. Entrepreneur’s venture business background and entrepreneurial process in the clean room supplies. 2. Entrepreneurial business model and strategic objectives. This research summarized the type and influence of the background of the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial process, and found that planning for new startups has a significant influence to the future business strategy. As the future growth of the firm, the entrepreneur will face more challenges upon mutual affection of the change of the internal organization operation and industrial environment .
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Lin, Chang-Yu, and 林章裕. "Analysis of Flow Field and Contaminative Source Control in Minienvironment Clean Room." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15063867909479622900.
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碩士國立交通大學
機械工程系
87
The application of minienvironment clean room (MCR) to resolve long-standing particulate control issues in the clean room performance and added flexibility has rapidly gained momentum in the last ten years. The goals of MCR were to reduce airborne particles, isolates the clean room personnel from the product, and use airflow in the mini-environment to reduce equipment-generated particles. The objective of this research is to study the flow field and contaminative source control in MCR by the computer software STAR-CD. The three-dimensional code used to predict the air velocity, pressure distribution and the particle traces in the MCR based on a finite volume approach. The results prompted a design change. The new design is shown to have a desirable airflow for a more effective MCR performance. Particular attention was paid to air re-circulation zones that could potentially trap particles generated during the process and to maintaining a positive differential pressure to prevent cross contaimination.
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Lin, Yen-Chun, and 林延俊. "Study of Quality Improvement For Final Acceptance- A High-tech Clean Room Engineering." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92886169733955866638.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
100
Projectfrom planning, design, contracting and construction is completed, as well as operational management, completed in the limited resources, the completion of the master with the sole and unique and difficult to copy. During the construction of whether such as quality, schedule and budget is completed and whether the original in accordiance with the plan confirmed by the demand to be effective, where the efforts of experts before they may complete. A high-tech plant new construction, from wasteland to the output of the product, a 12-inch wafer fabs from the planning and design, contracting, construction, acceptance to the operation of a reasonable period of time will take about two years. For many years and have enough experience in Taiwan construction time shortened to 12 months, is that synchronous construction will design, bidding and construction of the simultaneous execution, to accelerate the completion of plant construction. High-tech clean room engineering, the face of the compression of time, to be the critical path construction method and strategy, while construction design side to modify the construction, ignored the design and construction process, caused by the unreasonable schedule not well thought out design, test adjustment did not implement the various difficulties in the maintenance of project quality due to scheduling unreasonable, not well thought out design, not implementation of the test to adjust etc, various difficulties in the maintenance of project quality, the engineering quality of the state is often the acceptance of missing can not clean up. The study is for the defect of acceptance, the purpose is to study the types and causes of the acceptance of defect, and futher study prevention measures.
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Tien-ChuLin and 林天助. "Green building materials used in electronics factory clean room of the interior problems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21600406646990678069.
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碩士國立成功大學
工學院工程管理專班
98
Since the industrial revolution began in Europe over the past hundred years, the globalization of industry and the economy booming again to higher level, excessive use of the earth resources and environmental destruction is becoming more serious. With no common recurrence of severe weather in recent years, environmental protection and resource saving people's awareness is gradually awakening to reduce energy consumption and reduce carbon dioxide produced by human activities slow down caused by the greenhouse effect on overall environmental damage of Earth, leading to the development of limited improve efficiency and reduce resource consumption, and even the development of resource recycling and reuse of these techniques. Executive Yuan of China in 1996 set up a "Commission on Sustainable Development", in order to promote sustainable development policies in China beginning, green buildings are gradually forming the relevant laws and regulations and adopted. Electronics factory clean room products which are quickly in response to changes in motor to adjust the production line changes required within the division; "Building technical regulations related to building planning, design, construction part " is standard building materials and interior decoration of floor surface materials, green building materials should be used, its usage should be up to room decoration materials and floor surface materials for more than 30 percent of the total area. Electronics factory clean room is interior decoration design and construction of laws and provisions to the existing adopted "green building materials, chapter" of building materials in practical use and relevance of the analysis; according to the number of green building materials are using basic label products for investment owners, whether as symbol "green building" consciousness , in order to achieve environmentally friendly, reducing investment costs, lower operating costs and improve comfort within the employees, analysis and recommendations. The electronics factory clean room for the internal decoration is "Green Building" standard analysis shows. "Green building" group on four basic indicators: 1. Ecology. 2. Energy Saving. 3. Waste Reduction. 4. Health. "Green Building" basic features: 1. Reuse 2. Recycle 3. Reduce 4. Low emission materials Electronics factory clean room interior decoration basic characteristics: 1. Short duration. 2. Do not send dust, acid and alkali resistance, durability. 3. The specification modular building materials. 4. Re-assembly, adjustment of the high mobility.
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YEN, MING CHIH, and 顏銘志. "A Study on the Airflow Patterns and Improvement of a Super Clean Room." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36375470540574705015.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機與能源研究所
88
英文摘要 High technology industries such as LCD and semiconductor manufacturing, have stringent requirements on clean environment. Traditional ball room type clean room cannot meet the requirement in many cases. The new mini-environment type clean spaces are now widely used for providing ultra clean environment. Mini-environment coupled with standard mechanical interface, will become the requirement in the future 12 inch wafer processing. This research uses a vertical laminar flow buffer zone design to eliminate cross contamination in the mini-environment. The flow filed of this buffer zone is studied. Flow disturbance due to an operator was also studied. Both numerical simulation and experimental measurements were conducted to study the flow field, pressure variation, and particle concentration. The performance characteristics of this new design are discussed. Numerically, the fluid dynamic computational code FLUENT was used. Good agreements between simulations and measurements were achieved for airflow pattern, pressure variation, and particle concentration distribution. The buffer zone of laminar flow was found to be effective to avoid cross contamination with the outside environment during door opening. The height of the processing opening of the mini-environment is found to be an important factor on the flow turbulent intensity and particle concentration. Contamination due to an operator can also be reduced by this buffer zone. The results of this research are useful in the understanding of the flow characteristics in a mini-environment. The numerical techniques developed can also be used as numerical models in future studied. Key word : mini-environment, buffer zone, airflow pattern, particle concentration
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Chen, Chao-Wen, and 陳昭文. "Studies of Airflow Uniformity and Pollutant Dispersion in a TFT-LCD Clean Room." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pzk96d.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
96
As the progress and development of production technology, high-tech industry to process more and more stringent environmental requirements for the production of gas and chemicals needed to become more complicated, while consumption increasingly great, and so control products come in contact with the the atmosphere, cleanliness and pollutant concentration, so that products with the staff of the environment in a good space, production, manufacturing is even more urgent, ran all the clean rooms which are all aimed to suspended particles in the air and the pollutants removed Therefore, the understanding of particles in the air campaign and the distribution of clean room design and planning is very important. In this study, ethanol (Alcohol) for the pollutant gases, analog panel machine tube manufacturing process the gas leakage Road when the impact of pollution, clean rooms, clean rooms in the region with the release of ethanol gas at the same time more than one handheld VOC (volatile organic compounds ) detector in the clean room for several different positions measurement solutions. Study found that clean indoor If there is gas leakage, with the circulating gas flow mixture of rapid and uniform concentration, but the overall concentrations averaged (from 60000ppb quickly dropped to 3000 ~ 4000ppb), follow-up to the dilution required to rely on foreign gas supplies, the overall concentration was gradually reduced gradually (from 3000ppb slow down to 300 ~ 400ppb), contamination by diffusion of gas required results of this study for the possible impact of pollution on the analysis of clean rooms, will help the fabric-point gas monitors and the development of clean room micro-pollution control strategy. The results analysis, the concentration of contamination occurs, the leak source higher concentrations of the surrounding environment, the first half block concentration changes can be observed a significant (by 60000ppb ~ 4000ppb), the latter half of block because of environmental dilution, close to return air duct regions are changing very small (by 5000ppb ~ 1000ppb), so the installation location of gas detectors should be placed close to the wind machine at the next pipe, once the pipeline leak, monitor can be an immediate response, to quickly deal with the emergency response effect of making it work staff the timeliness of an immediate escape.
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Chen, Chung-Liang, and 陳崇良. "A Study on Transformation Strategy of the Listed Clean Room Turnkey Construction Company." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20657880585141508073.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
會計與管理決策組
103
In Taiwan, the electronics industry no longer grows sharply and the number of new factory construction cases has gradually decreased. Therefore, this paper uses T Company, a listed clean room turnkey construction company in Taiwan, as case study to explore how the companies specialize in clean room turnkey construction adopt a series of activities to develop transition strategies that are suitable for their own conditions. The protocol of the overall transition strategy focuses on complementarity and enforceability. Complementarity means how to intensify and effectively integrate different activities; enforceability means that besides planning the development direction, actual practices are proposed to realize the strategies. The results showed that most listed construction companies with financial soundness in Taiwan can reach net profit of over 20%. To develop long-term customers, the construction companies need to develop new projects regularly to maintain the revenues of the companies regardless of the business cycles. Thus, compared to the new construction projects of public works and the technological plants, residential and commercial buildings are more suitable as future business focus for T company. In addition, 60% of the buildings in Taipei City are aged more than 30 years ago, thus, urban renewal cases have advantages in safety promotion and quick improvement of housing quality. Hence, urban renewal is the future trend, and T company should consider entering this market at an early stage. In the aspect of building maintenance and management, the intelligent buildings emphasizing safety, energy conservation and comfort have gradually become the mainstream of new buildings. However, in Taiwan, there is no large maintenance and management company with the sufficient scale and the technical capacity to integrate carious electromechanical facilities. It is suggested that T company should focus on four types of buildings, namely, high-end buildings, commercial buildings, super high-rise buildings and technological plants, and provide diverse and innovation services to create service differentiation. It has potential to become the leading electromechanical service company in Taiwan. In terms of specific practices, the following suggestions are proposed: 1) engineering: procurement based on economy of scale, value engineering proposals, avoid using distributors, form alliance with suppliers, improve planning, and IT works, organizational restructuring, and create the competitive advantages of cost and quality in the new market; 2) maintenance and management: acquire licenses and certificates, form alliance with equipment suppliers, create advantages in instruments and equipment, establish the energy-saving technology center, and construct the remote monitoring platform, so as to create differentiation; 3) collaborate with the financial, technical , services, and sales departments to create more competitive advantages. Finally, the overall strategy can be analyzed and summarized with strategy diamond model to verify its integrity.
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Huang, Chang-Ping, and 黃建平. "The effect of powder diffusion by worker''s moving in a clean room." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73928076228994438549.
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Yeh, Shu-Tsun, and 葉書村. "The Effectiveness Evaluation of Aspiration Smoke Detector System in Non-Clean room Zone." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45507840998075956156.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
職業安全與衛生學系碩士在職專班
102
The science and technology industry not only provides country large volume of job creation but also as the main driving force for economy development. Thus any production shut down is not allowed, for the long term production shut down caused by fire will be worse impact. The social security, human resource allocation and international competition capability will be knocked down. All science and technology industry (such as semiconductor, panel industry. and etc.) been investing high volume manpower (for ERT training/ risk assessment…) and facilities (Fire fighting system, emergency communication system and etc.) to control fire situation in the beginning stage, it will reduce damage loss and protect people. The clean room is major production facilities installed, because the dust-free space with reliable production performance for semiconductor. The facilities including a lot of high value equipment such as ion implantation equipment, wet bench and etc., and these equipments apply various type of flammable gas during production. There were a lot of research in consider of economy value and protection risk to determine regulations and suggestions. The clean room has been with definite position for the Air sampling smoke detection system. But not for non-clean room area; most cases upon vendor suggestion for set up and not confirmed by research. The thesis is for this subject and research in a few set up cases related accident analysis expect to define the FMEA (failure mold evaluation analysis) for high/middle/low risk level. (Suggestion: Low risk no need to set up air sampling smoke detection system) The research provides optimized set up equipment with safety protection and cost saving. In order to achieve the maximum of efficiency, the Air sampling smoke detection system should focus on the total response time (Detect/ Confirm / Shut Off / Report) as a precondition. In accordance with various factors for discussion and correction such as the sampling pipe allocation / steps & routes of drill ... etc. The system not only detects any equipment burning in shortest time but also the device shut off immediately in chain reaction before power outage. We hope any producing interruption does not occur.
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黃偵紜. "Modification of chemical filters to increase ammonia removal efficiency for clean room application." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09202371578593695266.
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Yao, Jye-Ming, and 姚杰明. "The Risk Evaluation of Air-condition System on Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Clean Room." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50013205257211672089.
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碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
89
The revolutionary change happened in the human history and life, because of the invention of transistor [1947], integrated circuit [1959], and microprocessor [1971]. Also the dominant trend for device miniaturization in IC technology owes its impetus to lower cost per function, lower power consumption, higher device speed, and the use of continually larger wafers. However, in the last 35 years, the IC technology development is observed to follow the Moore’s Law. (Moore’s Law: described a trend that each new chip contained roughly twice as much capacity as its predecessor, and each chip was release within 18~24 months of the previous chip. In the other hand, the semiconductor market grows from ten billion dollars, in the age of 3 to 4 inch wafer in 1979, through one hundred billion dollars, in the age of 8 inch wafer, to three hundred billion dollars in 2003 by forecasting. The fast growth speed grabs the spotlight in the past and future. As the process technology develops from 10 to 0.13 μm, also called “deep sub-micron”, in the last 30 years, then the process control becomes more and more difficult. One of the challenges is how to produce, control, and maintain a good clean room environment for the semiconductor production. And to identify the risk is the first step for this challenge. In this study, the risk and the blind spot of the air conditioning system of the clean room in the semiconductor fabrication company are explored by the quantitative and qualitative methods. Also the damage caused by the risk is calculated for the reference of further improvement.
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Liu, Chengchang, and 劉政彰. "Comparison of Three Samplers for Sampling Inorganic Airborne Molecular Contaminants in Clean Room Environment." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77235572525124033166.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
環境工程所
90
Inorganic airborne molecular contaminants are important sources of contamination in cleanroom air that may cause device failure and decrease product yield. In this study, the optimal sampling conditions of two types of silica gel tubes as well as the impinger sampler for measuring acidic contaminants in cleanroom air were investigated. In addition, the optimum sampling condition for measuring ammonia by using the impinger sampler was also studied. The experimental results indicated that silical gel tube has the best collection efficiency under flowrate of 200~300 ml/min and the sample volume must over 400 liter for effective sampling in cleanroom. The impinger sampler had non-obvious decrease in absorbent volume (<5%) when the sampling flowrate was controlled to below 300 ml/min. The optimal sampling condition of impinger for acidic contaminants and ammonia were at sample flowrate of 50 and 300 ml/min, respectively, sample time of 24-hr. The results of actual cleanroom sampling showed that due to high interferences from residue contaminants in silica gel tubes, they were not suitable for low concentration cleanroom sampling. The interference from residue contaminants in silica gel was especially obvious for SUPELCO ORBO-53 sampler. The most suitable sampler for collecting acidic airborne contaminants in cleanroom air was the impinger sampler. It had the high recovery for HF of exceeded 90% in 60 ml absorbent and 100% for other acidic species in 30 ml absorbent. Beside, Impinger has the advantages of negligible interference from blank samples. The sampling results from the impinger sampler showed that the concentrations of HF, HCl and NH3 were exceeded 1,000n mol/m3. So these three species were the major inorganic airborne molecular contaminants in the cleanroom air.