To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cleaning and hygiene.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cleaning and hygiene'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 25 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cleaning and hygiene.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Forsberg, Roland, and Isak Thaning. "Följsamheten till basala hygienrutiner samt rengöringsrutiner inom ambulanssjukvården." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1154.
Full text
2
Gray, Alyson. "Response of inexpensive particulate matter sensors following aerosol exposure and sensor cleaning." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6429.
Full textAbstract:
Inexpensive instruments that measure concentrations of airborne particles in workplaces have grown to become an efficient way to estimate personal aerosol exposure of workers. This study evaluates the performance of two types of inexpensive instruments: an “active” version which pulls particle-laden air into a sensing zone for measurement, and a “passive” version which does not. The response of these instruments to clean air over time was evaluated as an indicator of contamination in laboratory and factory settings. Additionally, the effect cleaning of the instruments had on performance was evaluated.
After exposure to high concentrations of particles in the laboratory, the active and passive versions of the instruments lost partial to full ability to detect particle concentrations. In the factory, this change was only seen in the active version, and occurred over a longer amount of time. Cleaning of the instruments returned some ability to detect particles, but not to the ability a new instrument.
The accumulation of particles within instruments used to estimate aerosol exposures can affect the output of and overall performance of the instruments. Cleaning of the instruments after accumulation results a lessening of the effect, but not completely. Cleaning can be a way to extend the lifetime of these instruments. However, the time and financial costs related to cleaning several sensors within a workplace should be considered.
3
Yiu, Kar-yung Cynthia, and 姚嘉榕. "Evaluation of interdental cleaning in adolescents and young adults in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953918.
Full text
4
Yousef, Amed Jwan, and Trifa Ahmad. "Patientens kunskap om parodontit före och efter icke kirurgisk parodontal behandling utförd av tandhygienist : En kvantitativ studie." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vårdvetenskap med inriktning mot munhälsa, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4764.
Full textAbstract:
Parodontit är en kronisk inflammatorisk sjukdom, som orsakas av patogena bakterier som fäster på tändernas ytor, där de bildar plack. Sjukdomen kan förebyggas genom god munhygien. Syftet med studien var att beskriva och jämföra parodontit relateradkunskap och dess relation till munhygiensvanor hos patienter före och 1-år efter icke kirurgisk parodontal behandling utförd av tandhygienist samt jämföra om det föreligger någon skillnad i kunskap efter behandling mellan två olika munhälsoundervisningsprogram. Ett ytterligare syfte var att beskriva om det föreligger någon skillnad i kunskap om parodontit med avseende på ålder, kön och utbildningsnivå. Studien var en beskrivande, jämförande studie med kvantitativ ansats och en del av en experimentell tvågruppsstudie.Urvalet bestod av 113 individer, 60 kvinnor och 53 män, i åldern 20-65 år som var remitteras till en specialistklinik i parodontologi. Av de 113 studiedeltagarna randomiserades 57 personer till ett individuell skräddarsydd munhälsoundervisningsprogram och 56 personer till ett standardiserat munhälsoundervisningsprogram. Ett frågeformulär med 11 påståenden gällande kunskap om parodontit och ett påstående om tandborstfrekvens samt ett påstående om approximalrengörning användes.Resultatet visade att patienterna hade mer kunskap efter icke kirurgisk parodontal behandling, men det fanns ingen skillnad mellan undervisningsprogrammen. Inget samband påvisades mellan kunskap om parodontit och utbildningsnivå, kön och ålder. Studien visar att både individuellt skräddarsydd munhälsoundervisning och standard munhälsoundervisning ledar till en ökad kunskap om parodontit mellan deltagarna.
5
Correia, Luís Miguel Martins Crucho Santana. "Orientações de higienização na produção primária de leite e indústria dos lacticínios." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1130.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAo longo dos tempos, o cuidado empregue na higienização dos alimentos revelou-se fundamental para a saúde e bem-estar dos consumidores. O conhecimento do modo como a sujidade e os resíduos, provenientes da manipulação dos alimentos, interagem com os detergentes e diversas soluções de limpeza, é determinante para um correcto planeamento da limpeza e da desinfecção, e sobretudo, para a optimização do resultado final. O leite é um alimento que se apresenta enraizado na cultura portuguesa e constitui a grande matéria-prima para o fabrico dos diversos lacticínios. As suas características próprias requerem que os responsáveis pelo planeamento e execução da higienização das diversas superfícies e equipamentos tenham presentes as diferentes alternativas existentes para a correcta execução destes procedimentos. Os produtores de leite deverão estar conscientes de que a higiene do leite depende da higiene de toda a exploração, da saúde e bem-estar dos animais, e não apenas das condições em que se encontram a sala de ordenha, as instalações adjacentes e do modo como a ordenha é realizada. A indústria dos lacticínios requer um elevado padrão de higiene, que apenas permite o seu cumprimento recorrendo aos melhores e mais recentes métodos de higienização, em conjunto com uma intervenção activa por parte dos técnicos responsáveis. A utilização dos actuais métodos de limpeza Cleaning in Place (CIP) e Open Plant Cleaning (OPC), bem como dos diversos detergentes e produtos comerciais com formulações muito específicas, permite a obtenção de elevados níveis de higiene, uma elevada reprodutibilidade das operações de limpeza e desinfecção, possibilitando em muitos casos a redução dos custos relacionados com estes procedimentos. Em conclusão, higiene é um factor preponderante e decisivo para o sucesso da produção primária de leite e da indústria responsável pela sua transformação.
ABSTRACT - Over time, the importance given to food hygiene has proven to be fundamental to the health and welfare of consumers. Knowledge of how dirt and waste, generated while handling food, interact with detergents and various cleaning solutions is crucial for the proper planning of cleaning and disinfection and above all to optimize the final result. Milk is a product that is rooted in the Portuguese culture and is the major raw material used in the production of various dairy products. Its characteristics require that those responsible for planning and implementing cleaning procedures are aware of the various surfaces and equipment options available in such a way that the best implementation of procedures can be achieved. The milk producers should be aware that the hygiene of milk depends on the hygiene of the whole farm, health and welfare of the animals and not only the conditions of the milking room and adjacent areas. In order to comply with a high standard of hygiene the milk industry requires the latest and best methods of cleaning alongside an active intervention by the technician responsible. Current methods such as Cleaning in Place (CIP) and Open Plant Cleaning (OPC) and tailor made detergents and commercial products permit high hygiene levels. In addition, reproducibility of results is also high when reusing these methods and in many cases overall costs can be reduced. To summarize, the hygiene is a dominant and decisive factor for the success of primary and secondary production of milk.
6
Westbacke, Kerstin. "HYGIENE, EATING HABITS AND ORAL HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN IN THREE NEPALESE PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3254.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, many developing countries are experiencing rising prevalences of caries associated with changes in lifestyle and living conditions. Objectives: To describe the hygiene, eating habits, and oral health status of Nepalese children. Materials and Methods: A stratifiedsample of 231 children 5–7, 11–13, and 15–16 years of age (53% boys, 47% girls) who attended public high schools in the rural area of the Lalitpur District, Nepal was selected. The study was a field study combining a clinical examination (plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and caries) and a questionnaire. The questions concerned sanitary conditions, health support, personal hygiene, tooth cleaning, and eating habits. Results: During the school day, half of the children ate nothing at all. General personal hygiene was associated with tooth-cleaning frequency.Four out of five children in the entire sample cleaned their teeth once/day or more, using their own toothbrush. The use of fluoride toothpaste was rare.More frequent tooth cleaning and lower plaque indices were seen among girls and older children. More plaque was found on the occlusal surfaces of erupting permanent molars than on fully occluded permanent molars. Most children had a low prevalence of manifest caries in the primary and the permanent dentitions. However, every fifth 5–7-yr-old had manifest caries in three or more primary teeth. The occlusal surfaces of molars accounted for almost all registered caries in both dentitions. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of manifest caries was low, the low level of preventive activities may cause an increase in the prevalence of caries, as in other developing countries. The presumed risk scenario needs to be met by comprehensive and systematic health promotion and preventive measures.Sammanfattning: I många utvecklingsländer sker förändringar av livsstil och levnadsförhållanden med samtidig ökad förekomst av karies. Mål: Att beskriva hygien, matvanor och munhälsa hos nepalesiska barn. Material och Metod: Ett stratifierat urval av 231 barn, som i åldrarna 5-7, 11-13 och 15-16 år (53% pojkar, 47% flickor), elever i statliga grundskolor på landsbygden, Lalitpur distriktet Nepal, användes. Studien utformades som en fältstudie med klinisk undersökning (plack, gingivit, tandsten och karies) kombinerad med en enkätstudie. Frågorna rörde sanitära förhållanden, hälsostöd från hemmet, personlig hygien, tandrengörings- och matvanor. Resultat: Under skoldagen åt hälften av barnen ingenting alls. Allmän personlig hygien var associerad med tandrengörings frekvens. Av alla barn, som användande sin egen tandborste, borstade fyra av fem, en gång om dagen eller mer. Äldre barn och flickor rengjorde tänderna oftare och hade ett lägre plackindex. Mer plack fanns på erupterande molarers occlusalytor jämfört med molarer i full ocklusion. De flesta barnen hade en låg frekvens manifest karies i primära och permanenta bettet. Dock hade en femtedel av 5-7 åringarna tre eller fler manifesta kariesangrepp i primära bettet. Ocklusal karies på molarerna utgjorde nästan all registrerad karies i båda dentitionerna. Slutsats: Låg frekvens av manifest karies, men en låg grad av förebyggande aktiviteter, kan medföra en ökad kariesfrekvens liknande den i andra utvecklingsländer. Den förmodande risken måste bemötas med behovsinriktade och systematiska hälsobefrämjande och preventiva åtgärder.
ISBN 91-7997-151-2
7
Magnusson, Madeleine. "Bacillus cereus in the housing environment of dairy cows : contamination routes, effect of teat-cleaning, and measures to improve hygiene in the cubicles and alleys /." Alnarp : Dept. of Rural Buildings and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200742.pdf.
Full text
8
Lorenzen, Knuth. "EHEDG - Wegweiser zu Kosteneinsparungen durch Hygienic Design." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-163753.
Full textAbstract:
Meine Präsentation beschreibt die „Einsparpotentiale bei der CIP-Reinigung von Produktionsanlagen durch konsequentes Hygienic Design“ und basiert auf der Diplomarbeit von Andreas Dorner, Technische Universität München. Es ist eine Analyse des möglichen Einsparpotentials für die Lebensmittelindustrie bei Verwendung von neuesten, hygienegerecht konstruierten Anlagenbauteilen gegenüber herkömmlichen, industriell verwendeten Bauteilen mit Hygienerisiken . Durch vergleichende Reinigungsversuche werden Ventile und Einbaugehäuse von Sensoren miteinander verglichen, um so dem Nahrungsmittelproduzenten eine Hilfestellung bei der Auswahl dieser Bauteile bei einer Neuanschaffung bzw. beim Austausch von Anlagenkomponenten hinsichtlich der Reinigbarkeit geben zu können. Bei den Untersuchungen wurden die Reinigungs- und Verschmutzungsparameter für die zu vergleichenden Bauteile konstant gehalten, um nur den Einfluss der Konstruktion auf die Reinigung zu ermitteln. Um deine gesundheitliche Bedrohung von Lebensmittel-Konsumenten zu reduzieren, bzw. so gering wie möglich zu halten ist eine gründliche Reinigung von Produktionsanlagen wichtig. Das lässt sich jedoch nur mit hygiene gerechten, totraum-freien Bauteilen erreichen, die nach der CIP-Reinigung keim arm sind. Korrektes hygienisches Design verbessert die Reinigung und Sterilisation durch verbessertem Massen- und Wärmeübergang des CIP-Reinigungsmittels. Mangelhafte Reinigung sind heute Auslöser von bis zu 20% der GMP-Beanstandungen Reinigungsschritte sind essentiell für die Lebensmittelsicherheit und können bis zu 70% des
gesamten Wasserverbrauchs und der Abwassermenge eines Werkes ausmachen. Reinigung ist nicht nur aus Sicherheitsgründen ein zu beachtender Prozess, sondern birgt auch ein großes finanzielles Einsparpotential, nicht nur hinsichtlich der Wasserkosten. In der Lebensmittelindustrie werden zum Teil immer noch sinnvolle Investitionen in Hygienic Design konforme Anlagenbauteile gescheut, da sie aufgrund hoher Anschaffungskosten vermeintlich teurer erscheinen. Dabei werden jedoch die gesamten Lebenszykluskosten (Life Cycle Costs) oftmals außer Acht gelassen.
9
Faria, Maria Salomé Lopes de. "Avaliação dos conceitos e procedimentos de limpeza e desinfecção em estabelecimentos alimentares." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1699.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs últimos anos têm assistido a significativas alterações dos hábitos alimentares que, por consequência, potenciaram o crescimento do sector alimentar. As crescentes exigências e preocupações dos consumidores e os requisitos legais aplicáveis ao sector requerem uma maior atenção das empresas, que têm a responsabilidade de garantir a higiene dos alimentos e de assegurar que estes são nutritivos, seguros e adequados ao consumo. É neste contexto que a abordagem aos conceitos e procedimentos de limpeza e desinfecção se torna incontornável. Tais operações são essenciais para minimizar os riscos de contaminação dos alimentos, exigindo grande atenção e alto sentido de responsabilidade. O presente trabalho teve como principais objectivos a caracterização socio-demográfica dos manipuladores de alimentos, a avaliação das suas noções e práticas relativas à higiene de superfícies e à higiene pessoal, e a análise da eventual associação de diferentes variáveis socio-demográficas com as noções de higiene dos manipuladores de alimentos. O estudo foi conduzido em cem manipuladores de alimentos de diversos estabelecimentos alimentares. Para a colecta dos dados foi efectuada uma entrevista baseada num questionário previamente desenhado. A análise estatística revelou a existência de associação entre as noções de higiene satisfatórias e o facto de ter filhos, ter formação específica em higiene e segurança alimentar e trabalhar na área alimentar há mais de cinco anos. O significado dos resultados apresentados é limitado, em parte, pelo tamanho da amostra disponível no estudo. Pode concluir-se, contudo, que há uma necessidade de efectiva formação e treino dos manipuladores de alimentos, de forma a prevenir erros e falhas, que poderão conduzir a doenças de origem alimentar e a consequências negativas para a economia da empresa. A consciencialização dos proprietários dos estabelecimentos alimentares, bem como a sensibilização e responsabilização dos manipuladores de alimentos para a necessidade de formação é vital para o sucesso da implementação de boas práticas de produção e de fabrico. Assim, a educação e o treino para questões base como a limpeza e a desinfecção assumem um papel fundamental, sendo, porém, necessário que os manipuladores de alimentos demonstrem uma atitude responsável, cooperante e, sobretudo, um elevado nível de profissionalismo.
ABSTRACT - Evaluation of cleaning and disinfection concepts and procedures in food establishments - Recent years have seen significant changes in food consumption that, consequently, promoted the growth of the food sector. The growing demands and concerns of consumers and legal requirements applicable to the sector require greater attention of the companies, that have the responsibility to ensure the hygiene of food and that it is safe, nutritious and suitable for consumption. It is in this context, that the approach to the concepts and procedures of cleaning and disinfection become inescapable. Such operations are essential to minimize the risk of food contamination, requiring a great deal of attention and high sense of responsibility. This work had as main goals the socio-demographic characterization of food handlers, the assessment of its concepts and practices relating to surfaces and personal hygiene, and analysis of the association of different socio-demographic variables with the hygiene notions of food handlers. The study was conducted in a hundred food handlers of various food establishments. For the collection of data was carried out an interview based on a questionnaire previously designed. The statistical analysis revealed that there is an association between the satisfactory hygiene concepts and having children, specific training in hygiene and food safety and working in the food sector for more than five years. The significance of the results presented is limited, in part, by the size of sample available in the study. It can be concluded, however, that there is a need for effective education and training of food handlers, so as to prevent errors and failures, which could lead to food-borne diseases and negative consequences for the companies’ economy. Awareness of food establishments owners and awareness and accountability of food handlers for the need of training is vital to the success of good manufacturing practices’ implementation. Education and training for basic issues such as cleaning and disinfection assume a key role, but it is necessary that food handlers demonstrate a responsible attitude, cooperative and, above all, a high level of professionalism.
10
von, Festenberg Niels, and André Boye. "Reinigungswirkung virtuell testen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236392.
Full textAbstract:
Die regelmäßige Reinigung von Maschinen und Anlagenteilen ist integraler Bestandteil der Lebensmittel-, Pharma-, Kosmetik- und Chemieproduktion. Gesetzliche Hygienestandards gewährleisten dabei ein einheitlich hohes Qualitätsniveau. Nun lässt sich vor allem in der Lebensmittelherstellung eine Entwicklung zu zunehmend verschärften Hygienebestimmungen beobachten. Die Gründe hierfür liegen einerseits im wachsenden Markt für naturbelassene Lebensmittel mit verlängerter Haltbarkeit sowie andererseits im Trend zur flexiblen Produktion in kleineren Chargen, d.h. mehr Reinigungszyklen pro Tag oder Woche. Dadurch gewinnt auch die messbare Gewährleistung von Hygienestandards weiter an Relevanz. Aufgrund steigender Effizienzerwartungen in der Lebensmittelverarbeitung besteht demgegenüber ein erheblicher Bedarf, die Reinigungszeiten zu verkürzen, um die Zykluszeiten zu verkürzen (z.B. bei der Reinigung von Einzelteilen) und so die Maschinenverfügbarkeit zu erhöhen. [...aus dem Text]
11
Justham, David. "A study of nursing practices used in the management of infection in hospitals, 1929-1948." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-nursing-practices-used-in-the-management-of-infection-in-hospitals-19291948(44276592-51ff-4bdd-9fcf-2e17d9a1d2ab).html.
Full textAbstract:
Before the availability of antibiotics minor infections could become life threatening. Nurses working in voluntary and public hospitals in Britain were exposed to such risks. This thesis uses both oral testimonies and published sources in order to examine their practices concerning the management of infection risks. The detail of nursing work in this period has been generally hidden in nursing histories of the 1930s and 1940s which have addressed mainly political, recruitment, educational, registration and status issues. Whilst these histories may comment about menial duties, and the culture and discipline in clinical areas, they lack detailed exploration of the day-to-day work of the nurse. This novel study contributes to redressing the balance by examining nursing practice between the discovery of penicillin in 1929 and its widespread availability in Britain in 1948. Data analysis, including the oral testimonies of nineteen former nurses who worked between 1929 and 1948, suggests that nursing practice during this period placed enormous emphasis on cleanliness and hygiene. It is argued that this was linked to sanitarianism which influenced nursing practice before its replacement by germ theory. Probationer nurses learnt their skills in managing infection risks to themselves and their patients in a disciplined and safe way. This was achieved through the exercise of strict routines and a hierarchy of tasks that provided a graduated exposure to the patient and infection risks. This thesis draws on debates in the literature about purity, vocation and status to explore, and add weight to this argument. The analysis also identifies that the introduction of sulphonamide drugs and antibiotics altered nursing practices in the management of both infection risks and patients with infection. Whilst the full effects of these changes are not examined in this thesis, it is argued that the significant impact of these drugs was such that the emphasis on cleaning and hygiene became diminished in importance and nursing had to redefine its role. It suggests that more prominence needs to be given to changes in clinical practice in the history of nursing. This study breaks new ground by suggesting the rigorous training of nurses in cleaning and hygiene tasks was needed in order to manage the infection risks faced by nurses before the availability of antibiotics.
12
Nilsson, Malin, and Sanna Munkbo. "Nanoteknik i textilier : För framtidens arbetskläder i hemtjänsten." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20931.
Full textAbstract:
Det har blivit allt vanligare att sjukvården i Sverige flyttas ut till vårdtagarnas hem. De kan med hjälp av hemtjänst få bo kvar i sina egna hus längre men samtidigt få den hjälp de behöver. År 2007 använde sig totalt 153 723 personer av dessa tjänster runt om i Sverige. De plagg som personalen bär utsätts för många olika typer av yttre påfrestningar vid hembesök hos vårdtagarna. Smittspridning inom vården sker främst via personalens händer och kläder.Nanoteknologi är en framväxande teknik som gått på högvarv inom många olika områden under det senaste årtiondet. Forskning pågår som involverar nanoteknologi för att förbättra egenskaper eller för att skapa funktionella textilier som kan få egenskaper som antibakteriella, lättrengörliga, vatten- och fläckavvisande samt luktfria. Syftet är att underska om nanoteknik kan användas i det textila materialet i arbetskläder inom hemtjänsten för att bättre stå emot yttre påfrestningar. Det finns idag många problem inom området arbetskläder och hygien, vi vill därför undersöka om denna teknik kan vara en av lösningarna.Nanoteknik för textilier har två inriktningar. Den ena strävar främst efter att använda nanostorleken för att skapa nanostrukturer under själva tillverkningsprocessen, medan den andra är inriktad mot ytbehandlingsprocesser. I rapporten ligger fokus på beläggningsmetoden och de självrengörande och antibakteriella egenskaperna som kan skapas hos ett material.Vi kom fram till att det bästa alternativet för dessa typer av plagg skulle vara att tillföra antibakteriella egenskaper. De kan då beläggas med antingen titandioxid, zinkoxid eller silver då det är väl beprövade ämnen som är bevisade att fungera och ger just dessa egenskaper.Med hjälp av empiriska undersökningar kunde vi ge svar på vad arbetskläder utsätts för under en arbetsdag. Utifrån dessa resultat kunde vi rikta in vår teoretiska referensram på de områden som skulle kunna vara intressanta för att uppnå syftet. Tillslut kom vi fram till att nanoteknik kan bidra till att skapa kläder som bättre står emot yttre påfrestningar och ger bättre hygieniska förhållandeIt is increasingly common for healthcare in Sweden to move out to the residents' homes. They can use homecare to continue living in their own house, but at the same time get the help they need. In 2007 the total of 153 723 people were in use of these services across Sweden.The garments that the staff is wearing get exposed to many different types of external shocks on home visits. Spread of infection in health care is primarily through the staff's hands and clothes.Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has been booming in many areas over the past decade. Research is underway involving nanotechnology to improve properties or to create functional fabrics that can have antibacterial properties, easy to clean, water- and stain resistant and odor-free. The aim is to investigate whether nanotechnology can be used in the textile material in assisted living to better withstand external shocks. Today there are many problems in the field of workwear and hygiene, we therefore wish to consider whether this technology can be one of the solutions. Nanotechnology for textiles has two directions. On one striving primarily for the use of nanosize to create nanostructures during the manufacturing process, while the other is focused on finishing processes. The report focuses on the coating method and the self-cleaning and antibacterial properties that can be created in a material.We concluded that the best thing for these types of garments would be that they had antibacterial properties. They are then coated with either titaniumdioxide, zincoxide or silver when it is proven substances which are proven to work and provide these same qualities. With help from our empirical studies, we could provide answers to what the clothes get exposed to during a day of work. Based on these results, we could focus our theoretical framework in the areas that could be relevant to the objectives. Eventually, we concluded that nanotechnology could help to create cloths that better withstand external shocks and improves the hygienic conditions.Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning
13
Dušanka, Pejčić. "Model procene uticaja hemijskih toksičnih supstanci poreklom iz higijenskih sredstava na životnu sredinu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101404&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
U okviru disertacije izvršena je identifikacijaključnih hemijskih toksiĉnih supstanci poreklom izhigijenskih sredstava i njihove ambalaţe na životnusredinu. Spektrofotometrijskom metodom izvršenaje analiza sadržaja fosfora u praškastim detergentima,komunalnim otpadnim vodama Niškogkanalizacionog sistema i u reci Nišavi. Nakonproračuna sadržaja fosfora izvršena je procenakoličine ukupnog fosfora generisanog iz higijenskihsredstava, a koji moţe da ima izrazito negativanuticaj na životnu sredinu. Teorijska saznanja ieksperimentalni podaci omogućuju optimalno upravljanjehemijskim toksičnim supstancama iz higijenskihsredstava u skladu sa važećim zakonskimpropisima i dostignutim naučnim saznanjima.This dissertation presents the identification of keytoxic chemicals originating from hygiene andcleaning products and their packaging and theassessment of their environmental impact. Theresearch involves a spectrophotometric analysis ofphosphorus content in powder detergents, inmunicipal sewage from the City of Niš sanitarysewer, and in the Nišava river. Calculation ofphosphorus content is followed by the assessment ofthe total amount of phosphorus generated fromhygiene and cleaning products, which can haveconsiderably negative environmental impact.Theoretical findings and experimental data allowoptimal management of toxic chemicals fromhygiene and cleaning products in compliance withcurrent legislation and scientific knowledge.
14
Bouzada, Maria Lucia Morcerf. "Epidemiologia e perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias clinicamente relevantes, isoladas no Hospital Universitário da UFJF: implicações na higiene, limpeza e no gerenciamento do controle de infecção hospitalar." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3899.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-29T14:48:03Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
marialuciamorcerfbouzada.pdf: 9067703 bytes, checksum: 2940aab07899460cc22fb287a8d86abc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-30T11:21:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuciamorcerfbouzada.pdf: 9067703 bytes, checksum: 2940aab07899460cc22fb287a8d86abc (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T11:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuciamorcerfbouzada.pdf: 9067703 bytes, checksum: 2940aab07899460cc22fb287a8d86abc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-25
É bem estabelecido que patógenos putativos bacterianos são ubíquos e amplamente distribuídos no ambiente hospitalar. Este estudo teve como objetivos detectar a persistência bacteriana no ambiente nosocomial, após a limpeza por varredura úmida pela equipe associada ao serviço de Higiene e Limpeza Hospitalar e determinar os perfis de susceptibilidade dos microrganismos persistentes a drogas antimicrobianas e aos desinfetantes comumente utilizados no serviço de saúde. A água de enxágüe da varredura úmida para limpeza de áreas críticas do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora foi processada para isolamento seletivo de representantes da família Enterobacteriaceae (ENT), bastonetes Gram negativo não fermentadores (BGNF), estafilococos coagulase negativo (SCN) e enterococos (ENT). Os microrganismos foram caracterizados bioquimicamente e os perfis de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e desinfetantes avaliados pelos métodos de difusão em disco e diluição em ágar. Quinhentos e quarenta e sete linhagens bacterianas foram recuperadas mas, somente estafilococos coagulase negativo e bastonetes Gram negativo não fermentadores foram isoladas em todas as áreas críticas. Foi detectado resistência a todas as drogas testadas com exceção para vancomicina em estafilococos coagulase negativo. Pelo menos 44% das bactérias isoladas apresentaram resistência a mais de uma droga. Os padrões de susceptibilidade aos desinfetantes variaram entre as concentrações 0,125 a 1,0% (quaternário de amônia, hipoclorito de sódio e ácido peracético/H2O2). Hospitais podem funcionar como reservatório de microrganismos, muitos dos quais podem se apresentar mutirresistentes aos antibióticos. Alguns destes microrganismos podem ser veiculados por pacientes e funcionários. Prevenir o espalhamento de microrganismos de relevância clínica depende da qualidade do serviço de limpeza hospitalar. O monitoramento da susceptibilidade bacteriana a antimicrobianos e aos desinfetantes pode ajudar no gerenciamento de infecções hospitalares.
It is well known that putative pathogenic bacteria are ubiquitous and widely distributed in the hospital environment. This study aimed to detect bacterial persistence in the nosocomial environment after mopping by the cleaning staff. Microorganism susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants commonly used in health services were also investigated. Rinse water of mops used to clean critical areas of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Hospital was processed for selective isolation of enterobacteriaceae (GNR), non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and enterococci (ENT). Isolated bacteria were biochemically characterized and their susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants evaluated by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Five hundred and forty seven bacterial strains were recovered but only CNSs and NFGNRs isolated in the critical areas. Resistance was detected against all drugs with exception of CNS to vancomycin. At least 44% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to more than one drug. Susceptibility patterns to disinfectants were determined to concentrations in the range of 0.125 to 1% (quaternary ammonium, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid/H2O2). Hospitals provide reservoirs of microorganisms many of which may be multiresistant to antibiotics. Some of these organisms are borne by patients and staff, but the hospital environment is a substantial repository for others. Preventing the spread of clinical relevant bacteria depends on the quality of hospital cleaning services. Monitoring bacteria susceptibility to antimicrobials and disinfectants may help the management of nosocomial infections.
15
Lamas, Rita Regina Souza. "Agentes para desinfecção de aparelhos acrílicos ortodônticos: o que os usuários utilizam e o que os dentistas recomendam?" Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2237.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao_rita_regina_souza_lamas.pdf: 2792167 bytes, checksum: 98b838b5683d2fd51f71535422c7380b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-12-14Poor hygiene associated with the use of orthodontic appliances in children and adolescents may increase the occurrence of oral diseases associated to, such as caries and gingivitis, turning important the knowledge of the most effective, used and designated cleaning methods for these devices. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of use of removable orthodontic appliances, hygiene methods used by school children and prescribed by dentists of the city of Pelotas/RS, and evaluating variables associated with it. This study was conducted in the city of Pelotas in a sample of schoolchildren aged 13-19 years from 20 schools, 16 public and 4 private. Two questionnaires were conducted to determine some socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics associated with the use of braces and another to determine the cleaning methods indicated by dentists of the city. The questionnaire of children was performed in the schools and the dentists questionnaire was performed through telephone calls. Statistical analysis was descriptive and bivariate, through the Chi-square test, or Fisher Linear Trend, depending on the type of variable exhibitor, with a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant. The frequency of use in schools was 5.4%. Students (89.76%) and dentists (47.21%) reported brushing with toothpaste as the main method of cleaning. In conclusion, the method most widely used and recommended for acrylics hygiene appliances, prescribed by dentists and used by adolescents, was brushing with toothpaste
A higiene precária associada ao uso de aparelhos ortodônticos em crianças e adolescentes pode aumentar a ocorrência de enfermidades bucais como a cárie e doenças periodontais, tornando-se importante o conhecimento dos métodos mais efetivos, mais utilizados e indicados para higienização destes dispositivos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar a frequência de uso de aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis, os métodos de higiene utilizados por escolares e indicados por dentistas da cidade de Pelotas/RS, além de avaliar variáveis associadas com isso. Foi utilizada uma amostra de escolares de 13-19 anos, provenientes de 20 escolas, quatro privadas e 16 públicas. Foram realizados dois questionários para determinar algumas características sócio-demográficas e comportamentais associadas ao uso de aparelhos ortodônticos e outro para determinar os métodos de higiene indicados pelos cirurgiões-dentistas da cidade. O questionário dos estudantes foi realizado nas escolas e o dos dentistas através de ligações telefônicas. A análise estatística foi através de análise descritiva e através de associações com os testes: Qui-Quadrado (X2) de Pearson ou Tendência linear, conforme o tipo de variável expositora, com um valor p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. A frequência de uso nas escolas foi de 5,4%. Os estudantes (89,76%) e dentistas (47,21%) relataram, como método de limpeza, escovação com creme dental. Em conclusão, o método mais usado e mais recomendado para higiene de aparelhos acrílicos prescrito por dentistas e usado por adolescentes foi escovação com creme dental
16
Medeiros, Laissa Benites. "AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE HORTALIÇAS EM RELAÇÃO AO TEMPO, TEMPERATURA E PRODUTOS SANEANTES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5772.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota of vegetables under different conditions of time and temperature. We evaluated samples of lettuce, tomatoes, carrots and beets randomly collected from supermarkets in Santa Maria (RS). The samples of lettuce and tomatoes were divided in 3 treatments: Lettuce and tomato with skin in natura without sanitizing; cleaned with powder sodium hypochlorite, and sanitary water. We also analyzed peeled samples of carrots and beets washed with potable water only (not sanitize). After the washing and sanitizing procedure was performed, the samples were incubated in 3 different temperatures (10 ºC, 20 ºC and 30 º C) for 4 hours. Samples were collected at time 0 (To) indicating the initial contamination level of each sample and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours of exposure at the temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C (T1, T2, T3 and T4). In each sample we evaluated the total count of psychrophilic and mesophilic aerobic, presence of Staphylococcus positive coagulase, Salmonella ssp. and the determination of the Most Probable Number of Total and thermotolerant coliforms. The results were expressed as log Log UFC/g. The highest averages in the total count of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in samples of sanitized lettuce and tomatoes were found in the samples washed with water, apart of the temperature in which they were submitted. In the total count of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in tomato samples the lowest averages were found at 10 ºC. In the samples of beet, we concluded that in the count of mesophilic aerobic, the increase was directly proportional to the exposure time at 30 ºC. In the carrot samples we found the lowest averages at 10 ºC. In none of the samples were found Salmonella ssp, Staphylococcus positive coagulase and thermotolerant coliforms. We conclude that apart of temperature, time and method of sanitizing all samples were within the acceptable limits required by law, and we highlight that these foods can be exposed to a higher temperature than the laws of Brazil bring, without endangering consumer health.O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a microbiota de hortaliças em relação ao tempo, temperatura e produtos saneantes. Foram avaliadas amostras de alface cultivadas convencionalmente, tomate, cenoura e beterraba coletados aleatoriamente em 5 supermercados diferentes no município de Santa Maria, RS. As amostras de alface e tomate foram divididas em 3 tratamentos e codificadas como: alface e tomate com casca in natura, sem sanificação (SEM); higienizados com Hipoclorito de Sódio em pó (HIP), e higienizados com Água Sanitária (AS). As amostras de cenoura e a beterraba foram lavadas com água potável, descascadas com cortador e raladas cruas. As amostras foram incubadas em estufa B.O.D em 3 temperaturas diferentes (10ºC, 20ºC e 30ºC), e expostas a essas temperaturas de 1 a 4 horas para cada amostra. Foram coletadas amostras no tempo 0 (To) indicando o nível de contaminação inicial de cada amostra e após 1, 2, 3 e 4 horas de exposição nas temperaturas de 10ºC, 20ºC e 30ºC (T1, T2, T3 e T4). Avaliou-se em cada amostra a contagem total de psicrófilos para a temperatura de 10ºC e a contagem total de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos para as temperaturas de 20ºC e 30ºC. Avaliou-se ainda a presença de Staphylococcus Coagulase Positiva, pesquisa de Salmonella ssp. e a determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de Coliformes Totais e Termotolerantes. Os resultados foram expressos em Log UFC/g. As maiores médias na contagem total de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos nas amostras de alfaces e tomates foram encontradas nas amostras lavadas com água, independente da temperatura em que foram submetidas. Na contagem total de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos nas amostras de tomate as menores médias foram encontradas na temperatura de 10ºC. As amostras de cenoura verificam-se as menores médias de contagem foram encontradas na temperatura de exposição de 10ºC. Em nenhuma das amostras foram encontradas Salmonella ssp, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e coliformes termotolerantes. Conclui-se que independente da temperatura, tempo e método de higienização todas as amostras encontraram-se dentro dos limites aceitáveis exigidos pela legislação vigente, sugerindo que esses alimentos podem ser expostos a uma temperatura maior do que traz as legislações do Brasil.
17
Costa, Raquel Arieira da. "Produtos de higiene corporal." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4865.
Full textAbstract:
Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências FarmacêuticasA cosmética é uma área em constante desenvolvimento e sujeita a amplas mudanças no contexto regulamentar, cujas restrições e limitações são cada vez mais numerosas no que respeita à escolha de ingredientes ativos e constituintes. Os produtos cosméticos atualmente comercializados apresentam elevada qualidade devido ao aumento de entendimento da ação dos próprios produtos e compostos que os integram, cumprindo mais eficazmente o objetivo a que se propõem: melhorar a aparência, limpar, proteger ou auxiliar a preservar funções naturais. Com a evolução notável de instrumentos que permitem o aprofundamento do conhecimento da pele, são feitos progressos diariamente na perceção das suas carências e das vias de atuação que os cosméticos devem seguir. Os cosméticos encontram-se categorizados segundo o objetivo a que se propõem, pelo que o foco deste projeto incide apenas nos de limpeza corporal. A higiene e a saúde individual permanecem estreitamente relacionadas, tornando estes produtos tão essenciais no quotidiano do mundo moderno. Para satisfazer todas necessidades e exigências, este setor investe na investigação tecnológica para novas formas de apresentação e veiculação destes produtos. Cosmetics science is an area in constant development and with extensive changes in a regulatory context, whose restrictions and limitations are becoming increasingly more numerous in relation to the choice of active ingredients and components. Cosmetic products that are commercialized today, exhibit high quality due to the increase of effect evaluation of its own products and components that involve them, effectively fulfilling the goal of which they propose to such as: improving looks, cleaning, protecting or helping preserve natural functions. With notable evolution of instruments that allow a deeper understanding about skin, improvements are made daily in terms of the insight of its needs and the pathways of action that cosmetics should follow. Cosmetics are categorized according to the objective they propose therefore this project focuses only on body cleansing. Hygiene and individual health remain closely related, making these products so essential in the quotidian of the modern world. To satisfy all needs and demands, this sector invests in technological research for new forms of appearance and placement of these products.
18
Morangueira, Vanderlice de Souza. "Vila Maria Zélia: visões de uma vila operária em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-10072007-105811/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho visa fornecer um panorama de diferentes visões sobre a Vila Maria Zélia, localizada em São Paulo, importante vila operária do início do século XX, considerada um marco no binômio indústria ? operário paulistas da época. Tida como exemplo de instituição não somente no Brasil, mas em algumas partes do mundo. Foi idealizada por Jorge Street , visto de diversas maneiras, que vão da crítica ao elogio. Procuraremos fazer uma explanação sobre as diversas visões dessa vila operária, passando pela ótica da imprensa, do poder público, da medicina e de uma de suas moradorasThis job must provide a view of different visions about Vila Maria Zélia located in São Paulo, of the XX century beginning, which is very considerated in the São Paulo ´s worker industry by the time. Like a model of institution not only in Brazil but in some parts of the world it was idealized for the founder Jorge Street and it has been seen for different ways from bad to good. We will look forward to explain of the different visions of this worker´s village going through the press untill the government power from medical and one person who lives in there
19
Otto, Clemens. "Reinigungsverhalten modifizierter Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffe." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-213189.
Full textAbstract:
Für die Reinigungseffizienz ist die Kenntnis des Wirkzusammenhangs zwischen Schmutzbeschaffenheit und Reinigungsverhalten bedeutsam, da der Reinigungsbedarf von den Schmutzeigenschaften bestimmt wird. Bisher ist jedoch unzureichend dokumentiert, worauf der Reinigungsbedarf von kohäsiven Lebensmittelrückständen im immergierten System zurückgeführt werden kann. Anhand von Reinigungsuntersuchungen in einer Fließzelle werden die Auswirkungen physikochemischer Schmutzparameter (z.B. elektrisches Potential, energetischer Zustand, Molekülgröße) von Proteinen und Stärken getestet, um Empfehlungen für eine ressourceneffiziente Reinigungspraxis abzuleiten. Die Vielfalt der physikochemischen Eigenschaften von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen wird durch gezielte Modifizierung (physikalisch, chemisch, enzymatisch) simuliert und unter Anwendung verschiedener Analysetechniken charakterisiert.
Die vorgestellte Durchflusszelle ermöglicht vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Abtragsverhalten an einer Vielzahl von Verschmutzungen in verschiedenen Messkonfigurationen. Es konnten Prozessbedingungen (Fließrate, Temperatur) identifiziert werden und die Genauigkeit der Fließmethode durch Vergleich von spektroskopisch und gravimetrisch ermittelten Abtragswerten gezeigt werden. Die Reinigungsuntersuchungen an Polymerverschmutzungen zeigten eine deutliche Differenzierung hinsichtlich Polymerart und pH der Modifizierung und können auf Lifschitz van der Waals- oder elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen zurückgeführt werden. Die Auswirkungen hitzeinduzierter Strukturveränderungen und der Proteinvernetzung waren nicht signifikant. Der Grad der enzymatischen Stärkehydrolyse wurde über rheologische Messungen und den DE-Wert charakterisiert, wobei mit zunehmender Inkubationsdauer die Reinigungseffizienz in ähnlicher Weise zur Löslichkeit steigt. Die Anwendung eines Enzymreinigers aus Diastase verbesserte signifikant die Reinigungseffizienz von Stärke- sowie Dextrinverschmutzungen und es wurde eine Modellvorstellung abgeleitet, nach der geringer kationisch geladene, niederenergetische und niedermolekulare Rückstände einen kleineren Reinigungsbedarf erfordern.
20
Manzini, Caterina. "Impianti e macchine nella produzione industriale della birra." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full text
21
Prost, Barbara. "La propreté des espaces publics dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle : définitions, enjeux et mise en oeuvre : le cas parisien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010664.
Full textAbstract:
Pourquoi nettoie-t-on les rues, gares, hôpitaux, bureaux, etc. ? La façon dont les acteurs conçoivent la propreté permet d'en étudier les enjeux. Avec la hausse des niveaux de vie durant les Trente Glorieuses, les enjeux sanitaires cèdent le pas à une aspiration au confort qui s'étend aux espaces publics. L'apparition de nouveaux outils stimule l'essor du nettoyage industriel, accéléré par la Crise des années 1970 qui incite nombre d'établissements à sous-traiter leur nettoyage pour en baisser le coût. La Ville de Paris et la RATP lancent dans la décennie suivante de vastes réformes qui reposent sur le «spectacle du propre» et visent notamment les salissures perceptibles, signes d'un espace mal maîtrisé. Elles demandent aussi aux usagers de s'impliquer davantage dans l'effort de propreté et la définition des attentes, pour nettoyer au plus juste en terme de dépenses et de qualité. Cette dernière notion devient centrale dans le nettoyage industriel, car elle permet de résister à la forte concurrence et de répondre aux exigences croissantes de certains clients. Outre l'adoption de contrats à obligation de résultats, des méthodes de contrôle sont mises au point, reprises par la réglementation dans les années 1990. Nombreuses et variées sont les tentatives pour améliorer le sort d'un personnel souvent peu qualifié et précaire, comptant une forte proportion de femmes et d'étrangers, surtout en Île de France. Si les éboueurs parisiens ont connu une amélioration de leur situation dans les années 1980, fragilisée depuis, la professionnalisation des agents de nettoyage industriel se heurte aux logiques économiques du secteur comme à la nature irréductible de l'activité,nettoyer le saleWhy are public spaces – streets, hospitals, offices, etc. – cleaned ? Understanding the stakes of cleanliness implies studying the way involved parties view it, both in their intentions and their implementation. During the thirty years following the Second World War, rising standards of living reduced the sanitary stakes of cleanliness, while growing aspirations forwell-being shaped the uses of space. Technological innovation fueled the growth of a new sector, industrial cleaning, as did the 1970s slump, which made more and more firms externalize their cleaning work to drop costs. The following decade saw an overhaul in the cleaning services of public institutions such as the Ville de Paris and the parisian authority for transportation (RATP). They made cleaning more ostentatious as dirtyness came to represent a lack of control over space. They increasingly involved the public in the effort towards cleanliness and in the definition of requirements, to fulfill quality expectations without unnecessary spending. Industrial cleaning also cared about quality in the face of tough competition and demanding customers. This resulted in performance contracting and new evaluation tools, reflected in regulation in the1990s.Many attempts have been made to better the condition of a disproportionately female, foreign-born – especially in the Paris region – and unskilled workers, in precarious employment. In the 1980s they were successful for public sector garbage collectors in Paris,but have been challenged since then. Obstacles to the professionalization of cleaning workers include the economic situation of their industry and the enduring perception that they aredoing a “dirty job”
22
Chang, Yuan-Hsiang, and 張沅向. "Comparison of oral hygiene and the amount of bacteria effect of different oral cleaning tools for nursing home residents." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kx6r28.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
口腔衛生學系碩士班
106
Background: In recent years, the population of the elderly has increased. At present, the population structure in Taiwan has been transformed into aged society. Many long-term care institutions have been established throughout the country to provide care for the elderly or special needs. The elderly with long-term care institutions often have periodontal disease and dental caries, up to 90%, which has a great correlation with plaque accumulation, while domestic long-term institutions have different use of oral cleaning tools. Purpose: For the oral care of long-term bed-ridden residents in nursing homes, compare the difference in the average number of dental plaques and oral bacteria in toothbrushes and swabs, and provide reference for the caregiver in selecting the best oral cleaning tools. Methods: Quasi-experimental designs were conducted in the same institution, and the same resident''s one-group pretest-posttest was used to measure oral hygiene and bacterial counts, and the Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to determine the difference between before and after. After the dinner, the control group cleaned the mouth according to the institution''s original use of the swabs, and performed oral cleaning for 7 consecutive days by the oral hygienist. In the recovery period of the experimental group at least one week after the end of the control group, the swabs were replaced with the soft toothbrushes as the intervention in the study. Results: The number of cases in this study was 11 residents, 6 males (54.5%) and 5 females (45.5%), the average age was 59.18±15.26 years old, and the average number of teeth in residents was 21.73±5.88 natural teeth. The average number of bacteria counts in the mouth measured on changing between the post-test of day7 and pre-test of day1 of the control group was 8.02x〖"10" 〗^7±8.31x〖"10" 〗^7 and the experimental group was 2.14x〖"10" 〗^8±3.20x〖"10" 〗^8 (p = 0.173). The average number of the dental plaque index (PI) measured on changing between the post-test of day7 and pre-test of day1 of the control group was 0.78±0.48 and the experimental group was 1.72±0.42 (p = 0.011).
23
Barbosa, Ana Cláudia Pinto. "Estudo de detergentes e desinfetantes adequados para a indústria alimentar e avaliação da eficácia microbiológica dos mesmos para mãos e superfícies nas unidades fabris." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30602.
Full textAbstract:
As empresas têm a responsabilidade de garantir a segurança e a higiene dos produtos, pois cada vez mais existem exigências e preocupações dos consumidores no momento da compra. Abordar conceitos e procedimentos de limpeza e desinfeção é essencial por forma a minimizar os riscos de contaminação.
A prática de higienização incorreta dos colaboradores leva grande parte das vezes à presença de microrganismos, tanto em superfícies como nas suas próprias mãos. Para garantir a segurança dos produtos produzidos, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a eficácia da higienização de diferentes detergentes e desinfetantes em mãos de manipuladores e superfícies ou equipamentos que entrem em contacto com os produtos alimentares. Recolheu-se amostras, com recurso a zaragatoas, antes e após lavagem e desinfeção. Para a contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios, semeou-se em meio PCA, enquanto que para pesquisa de coliformes (fecais e não fecais) o meio utilizado foi o caldo Verde Bile Brilhante. Para as duas situações foram analisados microbiologicamente os dois desinfetantes e detergentes desinfetantes, com resultados satisfatórios em ambas, com taxas de redução na ordem dos 100 % e 98 % respetivamente, para mãos e superfícies. Após análise microbiológica, para a seleção do desinfetante das mãos foi tido em consideração o facto de um dos desinfetantes apresentar odor floral após aplicação. Não sendo aconselhável para a indústria alimentar, o Desinfetante B foi o selecionado. Na escolha do detergente desinfetante para equipamentos, superfícies e utensílios após a mesma análise microbiológica, foi também considerado o preço por litro necessário em cada utilização bem como o tempo de atuação. Sendo assim, a empresa optou pelo Detergente Desinfetante Clorado 2, uma vez que apresentava vantagens em todos os níveis. Num trabalho futuro, seria interessante desenvolver-se mais estudos utilizando meios de cultura mais específicos para determinados microrganismos, uma vez que estes apresentam um grupo amplo e diversificado e optar-se por técnicas de recolha mais eficientes e de mais rápida obtenção de resultados.Companies have a responsibility to ensure product safety and hygiene, as there are increasing demands and concerns from consimers at the time of purchase. Addressing cleaning and disinfection concepts and procedures is essential to reduce the risk of contamination. The practice of improper cleaning of employees often leads to the presence of microorganisms, both on surfaces and in their hands. To o ensure the safety of the products produced, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning different detergents and disinfectants in the hands of handlers and surfaces or equipment that come into contact with food products. Swab specimens were collected before and after washing and disinfection, checking for the presence of different microorganisms. For the counting of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, it was sown in PCA medium, while for coliforms (fecal and non-fecal), the medium used was Bright Bile Green. For both situations, the two disinfectants and disinfectant detergents were analyzed microbiologically, with satisfactory results in both, with reduction rates of 100% and 98%, respectively, for hands and surfaces. After microbiological analysis, for the selection of hand sanitizer was taken into account the fact that one of the disinfectants has floral odor after application. Not being advisable for this industry, disinfectant B was selected. The choice of disinfectant detergent for equipment, surfaces and utensils after the same microbiological analysis was also considered the price per liter required in each use as well as the time of action. Therefore, the company opted for Disinfectant Detergent 2, as it had advantages at all levels. In future work, it would be interesting to develop further studies using more specific culture media for particular micro-organisms, as they have a broad and diverse group and opt for more efficient and faster collection techniques.
24
Kerr, Kevin G., Kathleen R. Banfield, K. A. Jones, and Anna M. Snelling. "Patients' hands and healthcare-associated infection." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4135.
Full text
25
Tlhako, Regina Kgabo. "Exploring socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors influencing young women's vulnerability to HIV : a study in Sunnyside (Pretoria)." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22062.
Full textAbstract:
Women face a greater risk of HIV infection worldwide than men. This study explored socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors influencing young women’s vulnerability to HIV. A quantitative explorative study was conducted among young women in Sunnyside, Pretoria. A sample of 158 young women in the age group 18 to 24
years from all language groups was randomly selected to participate in this study. The findings showed that poverty, peer pressure and multiple sexual partners were the main factors that influenced young women in Sunnyside’s vulnerability to HIV. Behavioural change and social change were recommended as long-term processes, which need to be taken into consideration. Findings from the Sexual Relationship Power Scales show that young women between 18 and 21 years experience physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and forced sex in their relationships. The study concluded with
specific recommendations for the successful implementation of policy makers and planners to protect women.Health Studies
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)