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Journal articles on the topic 'Cleaning of drinking water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Govorova, Zhanna, Nikita Podlesnov, and Vadim Govorov. "Devices for cleaning tap water." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701027.

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The condition of the water distribution network of the centralized water supply and its high wear, at the same time with other factors, affect the quality of drinking water transported to the consumer of drinking water. The most common causes of the secondary pollution of drinking water during its transportation are considered, as a result of which the concentration of dissolved and undissolved impurities and corrosion products increases, unpleasant smells and tastes appear in the water, microbiological and parasitological indicators deteriorate. Along with measures to improve the technology o

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2

Říhová Ambrožová, J., J. Hubáčková, and I. Čiháková. "Drinking water quality in the Czech Republic." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 2 (2009): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/155/2008-cjfs.

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The quality of water has to be controlled and monitored by drinking water suppliers during all stages of the treatment process from the water sources to the end of distribution systems. The research, performed in Czech Republic from 2006 to 2008, deals with the assessment of the affect of water tanks on the quality of water supplied to consumers, specifically from various points of view: microbiological, biological and physic-chemical changes in water accumulation. Also studied was the influence of the air on the quality of accumulated water (secondary contamination), the influence of the stru

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Palhares, Julio Cesar Pascale, Danielle Leal Matarim, Rafael Vieira de Sousa, and Luciane Silva Martello. "Water Performance Indicators and Benchmarks for Dairy Production Systems." Water 16, no. 2 (2024): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020330.

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The aim of the study is to discern benchmarks for the indicators L water cow−1 day−1 and L water kg milk−1 day−1 per type of production system and season. A total of 876 commercial dairy farms underwent comprehensive water consumption monitoring from January 2021 to December 2022. The monitored water consumptions were animal drinking water and water usage for cleaning. Confined systems exhibited the highest average for animal drinking and cleaning, 87.5 L water cow−1 day−1 and 84.4 L water cow−1 day−1, respectively. Semi-confined systems presented the lowest average for animal drinking, 54.4 L

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Smirnov, O. V., V. A. Lebedev, and V. O. Smirnova. "SANITATION ELECTROTREATMENT IN DRINKING WATER SUPPLY." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-5-119-123.

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This article considers the problems of drinking water electric treatment and additional cleaning in view of the offered treatment technology impact on health. A possibility is shown to use biotesting as an instrumental principle in the frame of classification of electrotreatment methods allowing a realization of functions of both control and feedback in the automatic systems of electric conditioning of water.

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Bijelović, Sanja, Valentina Grossi, Enkhtsetseg Shinee, et al. "Water, sanitation, and hygiene services in health care facilities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 1 (2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.063.

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Abstract Provision of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities is a priority at the global, national, and local levels. To inform improvements planning, conditions of WASH, waste management, and environmental cleaning were assessed in 81 facilities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, as part of a nationally representative survey in 2019. The survey included on-site checks, structured interviews, and drinking-water quality analysis. WHO/UNICEF indicators for WASH service levels and an advanced service level defined at the national level were app

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Kaiya, Y., Y. Itoh, S. Takizawa, K. Fujita, and T. Tagawa. "Analysis of organic matter causing membrane fouling in drinking water treatment." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (2000): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0608.

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A study was conducted on characteristics of membrane-fouling matter and chemical cleaning of fouled membranes. The membranes were those used for the filtration of raw water taken from the Lake Kitaura, Ibaraki, Japan. Analysis of the molecular weight distribution of extracted foulants by ultrafilters showed that 23% of organic matter was in the fraction exceeding a molecular weight of 100,000 daltons and 33% between 10,000 to 100,000 daltons. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed a void peak and five peaks at a molecular weight of less than 6,000 daltons. Assessment by Fouri

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Abdukalikova, G., L. Utepbergenova, E. Smagulova, et al. "IMPROVEMENT OF WATER P URIFICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER SUPPLY OF RURAL SETTLMENTS." BULLETIN of D. Serikbayev EKTU 2 (June 30, 2024): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51885/1561-4212_2024_2_219.

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In rural areas, there are often limited resources to provide quality water to rural populations. The aquatic environment that requires cleaning may contain various pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria and other harmful substances. This article explores the problems of improving water purification technology for the water supply of rural settlements. The article discusses the current state of methods of disinfection of drinking water in rural settlements. The article explores various water purification technologies that can be used to improve the quality of drinking water in ru

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Hasegawa, Susumu, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Naokazu Wake, Ryosuke Takagi, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Improving chemical cleaning of fouled membranes in a drinking water treatment plant." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (2019): 2330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.114.

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Abstract Recently, membrane filtration systems have become increasingly common in drinking water treatment plants. In this industry, preventing membrane fouling is of utmost importance. Many studies on the relationship between raw water components and membrane fouling have been performed in laboratory conditions. However, very few studies have analyzed the components of foulants on the fouled membrane as operated in actual drinking water treatment plants. By analyzing these components in plant-conditions, membrane fouling will be more effectively prevented. In this study, we analyzed the compo

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Remigio, Richard V., Renata S. Rabello, Garazi Zulaika, Marilia S. Carvalho, Paulo R. G. Barrocas, and Gina S. Lovasi. "Household-level drinking water quality, access, and management practices within an informal community: a case study at Rio das Pedras, Rio de Janeiro." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.082.

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Abstract Inter-household patterns in drinking water access, consumption, perception, and quality among residents can vary in Rio das Pedras (RdP), a large favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. While unreliable water quality can influence residents to diversify their drinking water supply, household drinking water management practices are not generally known for this community. Household surveys, and indoor tap, piped water before entering the home, filtered, or bottled dispenser water samples were collected. Respondents reported storing water (91%) and near-daily access to piped water (78%). A maj

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Sri Komala, Puti, Yenni Ruslinda, Ansiha Nur, Regina Mardatillah, and Srideva Salsabila. "Karakterisasi Air Kondensat AC sebagai Sumber Air Alternatif." Dampak 22, no. 1 (2025): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.25077/dampak.22.1.61-67.2025.

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This study analyzes the potential to reuse AC condensate water in Andalas University. The research was conducted in the Rectorate Building, the Civil Engineering Department, and the Environmental Engineering Department. AC condensate water sampling was conducted in 8 locations from the Rectorate, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering office buildings. The parameters analyzed were pH, DO, Turbidity, COD, Metals, E.coli, and Total Coliform. Water quality was compared with the Minister of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023, World Health Organization (WHO) for Drinking Water Quality Sta

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Predicala, B., and A. Alvarado. "Alternatives for animal drinking and barn cleaning to reduce water use in swine facilities." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 56, no. 1 (2014): 5.7–5.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2014.56.5.7.

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Dao, Dung A., Son H. Tran, Huyen T. T. Dang, et al. "Assessment of rainwater harvesting and maintenance practice for better drinking water quality in rural areas." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 70, no. 2 (2021): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2021.076.

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Abstract In many areas of the world, rainwater has been collected and consumed by people. Our research aims to assess the use of rainwater and the impact of operation and maintenance activities of the rainwater system on drinking water quality in rural areas where there is no access to a public drinking water system. Through the questionnaire, direct visits, interviews and sampling of water at surveyed households (HHs), it was found that 100 and 98% of surveyed HHs used rainwater for drinking and cooking, respectively. Nearly, 80% of them were aware of the necessity of frequent reservoir clean

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Vreeburg, J. H. G., E. J. M. Blokker, P. Horst, and J. C. van Dijk. "Velocity-based self-cleaning residential drinking water distribution systems." Water Supply 9, no. 6 (2009): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.689.

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Resuspension of accumulated particles in residential networks is the main cause for customers to complain to the water company about the water quality. Preventing the particles from accumulating in these networks can be achieved by high velocities in pipes. Adding this velocity criterion to the conventional design criteria leads to a branched lay out of distribution networks, that perform better with respect to water quality, continuity of supply and investment costs. In close cooperation with fire brigades the conventional fire flow requirements were challenged. Based on modern building codes

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Lauterborn, Sonja, and Wilhelm Urban. "Ultrasonic cleaning of submerged membranes for drinking water applications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (2008): 3291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2933680.

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15

Moskalev, E. V., M. M. Shamtsyan, and A. V. Rabin. "Biocide Filters Based on Betulin for Cleaning Drinking Water." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 87, no. 13 (2017): 3263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363217130230.

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Vovk, Lesya, Vadym Orel, and Anastasiia Tarkanii. "THE HARVESTED RAINWATER AS A SOURCE OF NON-DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL MICRODISTRICTS OF UKRAINIAN CITIES." Theory and Building Practice 2023, no. 2 (2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2023.02.061.

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Ukraine, facing water resource scarcity, finds it increasingly challenging to provide high-quality drinking water for both its population and industries, particularly in times of war. Harvested rainwater, among these sources, aligns well with water resource protection and management measures to counteract drinking water shortages. A literature review indicates that domestic needs in cities (flushing toilets, cleaning, and laundry) account for over 50% of drinking water demand, which could be supplemented by harvested rainwater. The estimated volume of harvested rainwater for a residential buil

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17

Suryani, Erma Hadi, Muhammad Saleh, and M. Nur Fietroh. "THE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DRINKING WATER FACILITIES IN LANGAM VILLAGE, LOPOK DISTRICT SUMBAWA REGENCY." Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Hotel 6, no. 1 (2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37484/jmph.060123.

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This study discusses the community Participation in the Management of Drinking Water Facilities in Langam Village, Lopok District Sumbawa Regency. The objectives of this research consist of; 1) to find out community participation in the management of drinking water facilities in Langam village, Lopok sub-district, Sumbawa Regency and 2) to find out supporting and inhibiting factors in community participation in Langam village, Lopok sub-district Sumbawa Regency. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. This research was conducted in Langam village, Lopok distri

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18

Song, Ya Li, Bing Zhi Dong, Nai Yun Gao, Yu Fang Yang, and Chun Chang. "Pilot Study of a Hybrid Process Combining Oxidation- Coagulation- Microfiltration for Drinking Water Production from Surface Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2360.

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In this study, microfiltration (MF) combined with oxidation and coagulation was investigated for production of drinking water by Huangpu River. The experiment focused on the effects of various oxidants on reduction in fouling and improvement in quality of treated water. 0.5mg/L of ozone, 1.5mg/L of sodium hypochlorite and 0.3mg/L of potassium permanganate were added before membrane to reduce the fouling. The results showed that significant differences in permeate water and trends of TMP exhibited by adding different oxidants. With ozone as pre-oxidation, permeate water could meet China Drinkin

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Kelley, Keven M., Alexandra C. Stenson, Racheal Cooley, Rajarashi Dey, and Andrew J. Whelton. "The cleaning method selected for new PEX pipe installation can affect short-term drinking water quality." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 4 (2015): 960–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.243.

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The influence of four different cleaning methods used for newly installed polyethylene (PEX) pipes on chemical and odor quality was determined. Bench-scale testing of two PEX (type b) pipe brands showed that the California Plumbing Code PEX installation method does not maximize total organic carbon (TOC) removal. TOC concentration and threshold odor number values significantly varied between two pipe brands. Different cleaning methods impacted carbon release, odor, as well the level of drinking water odorant ethyl tert-butyl ether. Both pipes caused odor values up to eight times greater than t

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Dias, Ryan P., Marella H. Schammel, Keith P. Reber, and John D. Sivey. "Applications of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene as a derivatizing agent for quantifying free chlorine, free bromine, bromamines, and bromide in aqueous systems." Analytical Methods 11, no. 43 (2019): 5521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01443h.

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Free chlorine and free bromine (e.g., HOCl and HOBr) are employed as disinfectants in a variety of aqueous systems, including drinking water, wastewater, ballast water, recreational waters, and cleaning products.

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Krauß, Michael, Katrin Drastig, Annette Prochnow, Sandra Rose-Meierhöfer, and Simone Kraatz. "Drinking and Cleaning Water Use in a Dairy Cow Barn." Water 8, no. 7 (2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w8070302.

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Lukyanova, Tatiana S., Maxim V. Larionov, and Sergey A. Kryuchkov. "Review of drinking water quality in the northern regions of the Moscow region based on data from Rospotrebnadzor and private laboratories." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, no. 3 (2022): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-357-372.

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The problem of drinking water quality affects many aspects of our lives. The use of water that does not comply with the established safety standards can provoke various adverse consequences for humans. This article reviews the quality of drinking water in water intake wells, public wells, springs, and centralized water supply points in apartment buildings in the Taldom and Dmitrov town districts of the Moscow region. As a result of the analysis of the indicators of 76 sources in these areas, it was found that drinking water that fully complies with the Sanitary Regulations and Norms 2.1.4.1074

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Ding, An, Jinlong Wang, Dachao Lin, et al. "Effect of PAC particle layer on the performance of gravity-driven membrane filtration (GDM) system during rainwater treatment." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4, no. 1 (2018): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ew00298j.

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The gravity-driven membrane filtration (GDM) process is very suitable for decentralized drinking water or rainwater treatment due to low maintenance (no backwashing, physical flushing and chemical cleaning) and low energy consumption.

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Song, Ya Li, Bing Zhi Dong, Nai Yun Gao, Yu Fang Yang, and Chun Chang. "Application of a Hybrid Process Combining Ozone-Coagulation-Microfiltration for Drinking Water Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.600.

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The study concerns on drinking water treatment with combining ozonation process, coagulation and Microfiltration (MF) of Poly-vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) in a dead-end filtration. The pilot-scale process consists of several parts: pre-ozonation, coagulation, sedimentation and microfiltration membrane separation. Ozone of 0.5mg/l and alum of 10 mg/l were added into raw water. The experience focuses on investigation of permeate water quality and variation of trans-membrane pressure (TMP). The results of the study showed that good permeate quality were fulfilled. Turbidity of permeate was consiste

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Burkhardt, Franziska Katharina, Jason Jeremia Hayer, Céline Heinemann, and Julia Steinhoff-Wagner. "Effect of Climatic Condition, Type of Trough and Water Cleanliness on Drinking Behavior in Dairy Cows." Animals 14, no. 2 (2024): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14020257.

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Increasing ambient temperatures lead to higher water intake and higher risks of microbial growth in cattle troughs. This study aims to analyze drinking water quality and dairy cows’ drinking behavior (n = 8081 drinking episodes) on a commercial farm with 135 and 144 lactating cows in two climatic conditions, considering trough type and cleanliness, respectively. Daily video recording was conducted at two trough types (two open troughs, 70 L; two-valve troughs, variable volume of 5–15 L) in the first two hours after feeding (n = 60 days in total) under cold (December 2019–February 2020) and war

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LeChevallier, Mark W., Toby Prosser, and Melita Stevens. "Opportunistic Pathogens in Drinking Water Distribution Systems—A Review." Microorganisms 12, no. 5 (2024): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050916.

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In contrast to “frank” pathogens, like Salmonella entrocolitica, Shigella dysenteriae, and Vibrio cholerae, that always have a probability of disease, “opportunistic” pathogens are organisms that cause an infectious disease in a host with a weakened immune system and rarely in a healthy host. Historically, drinking water treatment has focused on control of frank pathogens, particularly those from human or animal sources (like Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, or Hepatitis A virus), but in recent years outbreaks from drinking water have increasingly been due to opportunistic pathogens. C

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Lovkis, Z. V. "Assessment of quality and safety indicators of drinking and process water." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 61, no. 1 (2023): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-78-86.

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The enormous role of water in the life of all living beings, including humans, is due to the fact that it is a universal solvent for a huge number of chemicals. Water was one of the first compounds to attract the attention of scientists, yet its study is still incomplete. Water is the basis of life and the raw material for a huge number of technologies in all industries. The water used for the technological process in the food industry must comply with hygienic requirements and, in addition to cleaning, reducing turbidity and color, requires correction of the salt composition: removal of salts

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Vazarkar, Mansi, Pratyasha Kar, Vishal Dhobale, Pratik Ghawate, and Dr A. D. Shiralkar. "Design and Development of Automatic Water Tank Cleaner." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, no. 8 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.h9131.0711822.

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This system aims to design and develop a prototype of an automatic system for cleaning domestic cylindrical water tanks. The proposed system includes a simple mechanism with centrifugal force. Household water tanks are supposed to provide safe water for cleaning, gardening, cooking, and drinking. The majority of the time water coming into the tank comes with dust and dirt particles. Over time, sludge or sediment may build up, contaminate water and cause illnesses in humans like diarrhea, cholera, amebiasis, typhoid, and gastroenteritis. Tank cleaning is necessary since the mud, dust, and dirt

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Нижник Т. Ю., Баранова А. И., Маглеваная Т. В., Жартовский С. В. та Стрикаленко Т. В. "О ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАЮЩЕГО РЕАГЕНТА НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИГЕКСАМЕТИЛЕНГУАНИДИНА ГИДРОХЛОРИДА". World Science 1, № 4(44) (2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30042019/6465.

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    Proofs of the hypothesis about the possibility of use of Akvaton-10 reagent (PHMG-HCl) in technologies of drinking water treatment as an effective biocide and reagent for decreasing the hydrodynamic resistance of water is considered in this article. Results of the carried-out work allow to think of successful use in practice of Akvaton-10 reagent as for cleaning and disinfecting of drinking water, and as the highly effective agent reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of water for the solution of problems of energy saving and increase in overall performance of variou

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Vandael, Femke, Maria-Eleni Filippitzi, Jeroen Dewulf, et al. "Oral group medication in pig production: characterising medicated feed and drinking water systems." Veterinary Record 185, no. 13 (2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105495.

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Despite common use of oral group medication in pig rearing, the homogeneity, stability and carry-over of frequently used medicinal products in feed and drinking water are largely unknown. Therefore, a field study was performed on 52 Belgian pig farms, characterising preparation and administration of medicinal products via these systems, and farmers’ user experiences with medicated feed and medicated drinking water. The study showed that medicated drinking water is more commonly used than medicated feed, since 90.4 per cent of the farms sometimes use medicated drinking water and 69.2 per cent o

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Keiser, David A., and Joseph S. Shapiro. "US Water Pollution Regulation over the Past Half Century: Burning Waters to Crystal Springs?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 33, no. 4 (2019): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.51.

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In the half century since the founding of the US Environmental Protection Agency, public and private US sources have spent nearly $5 trillion ($2017) to provide clean rivers, lakes, and drinking water (annual spending of 0.8 percent of US GDP in most years). Yet over half of rivers and substantial shares of drinking water systems violate standards, and polls for decades have listed water pollution as Americans’ number one environmental concern. We assess the history, effectiveness, and efficiency of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act and obtain four main conclusions. First, water

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Alazaiza, M. Y. D., and T. Al Maskari. "Source to tap water quality assessment in drinking water supply system in Oman." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012019.

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Abstract Clean and safe drinking water is essential for any society’s development of long-term health and a developing economy. This study aims to evaluate the quality of drinking water in the water distribution system in Oman from source to tap. The study was conducted through in-depth interviews as well as designing of three surveys related to the main stakeholders of the water distribution system. In addition, several water samples were collected from different locations of the drinking water distribution system. All samples were tested for chemical, physical, and microbiological quality pa

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Huang, J. Y., S. Takizawa, and K. Fujita. "Pilot-plant study of a high recovery membrane filtration process for drinking water treatment." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (2000): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0613.

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Successful application of energy efficient dead-end micro-filtration (MF), which does not require recirculation like cross-flow filtration, depends on achieving high recovery rates. In this study, two different types of pilot scale membrane systems (horizontally and vertically stretched membrane filters) were evaluated based on the effects of pre-chlorination, intermittent chlorination and circulation flow by air-scrubbing. Additionally, the effects of operating factors including physical cleaning and chemical cleaning on membrane fouling were examined. The vertically stretched membranes showe

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Willers, H. C., X. N. Karamanlis, and D. D. Schulte. "Potential of closed water systems on dairy farms." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 5 (1999): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0229.

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A more sustainable water management on dairy farms is necessary because of rising tap water production costs and exhaustion of groundwater resources in an increasing number of areas. Alternative water sources like rain water collected from roofs and yards and effluents from on-site wastewater treatment should be considered. The objective of this paper is to discuss options for closed water systems on dairy farms. Animal drinking and cleaning of milking equipment are major water demands on dairy farms. In some regions large volumes are needed for grassland irrigation or manure flushing. Treatme

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Shafa Yuniar Yasmin and Endi Permata. "Sistem Backwash Pada Filtrasi Sistem Pengolahan Air Minum Menggunakan Motor Listrik Pompa Sentrifugal di Perusahaan Umum Daerah Air Minum Tirta Madani Kota Serang." Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Industri, Elektro dan Informatika 2, no. 2 (2023): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jtmei.v2i2.1675.

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The need for water consumption is currently very high, almost all human activities require water, therefore the process and production of water is very important to maintain health, the electric motor is the main driving tool needed in the process of cleaning water, therefore the motor is able to move the machine to clean the place water filter or water filter at the Tirta Madani Regional Drinking Water Company in Serang City to maintain water quality. The method used is qualitative by using observation techniques, interviews and literature studies. The filter backwash system is one of the way

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Too, Johana Kiplagat, Willy Kipkemboi Sang, Zipporah Ng'ang'a, and Musa Otieno Ngayo. "Fecal contamination of drinking water in Kericho District, Western Kenya: role of source and household water handling and hygiene practices." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 4 (2016): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.137.

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Inadequate protection of water sources, and poor household hygienic and handling practices have exacerbated fecal water contamination in Kenya. This study evaluated the rate and correlates of thermotolerant coliform (TTC) household water contamination in Kericho District, Western Kenya. Culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to characterize TTCs. The disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility profiling of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Out of the 103 households surveyed, 48 (46.6%) had TTC contaminated drinking water (TTC levels of &gt;10

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Mansi, Vazarkar, Kar Pratyasha, Dhobale Vishal, Ghawate Pratik, and A. D. Shiralkar Dr. "Design and Development of Automatic Water Tank Cleaner." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 11, no. 8 (2022): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.H9131.0711822.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>: This system aims to design and develop a prototype of an automatic system for cleaning domestic cylindrical water tanks. The proposed system includes a simple mechanism with centrifugal force. Household water tanks are supposed to provide safe water for cleaning, gardening, cooking, and drinking. The majority of the time water coming into the tank comes with dust and dirt particles. Over time, sludge or sediment may build up, contaminate water and cause illnesses in humans like diarrhea, cholera, amebiasis, typhoid, and gastroenteritis. Tank cleaning is necessary sin

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Vannavong, N., H. J. Overgaard, T. Chareonviriyaphap, et al. "Assessing factors of E. coli contamination of household drinking water in suburban and rural Laos and Thailand." Water Supply 18, no. 3 (2017): 886–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.133.

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Abstract Drinking water (DW) can serve as a route for disease transmission if not properly managed. The study assessed the effect of different factors on Escherichia coli quantities in DW in household water storage containers in suburban and rural villages in Laos and Thailand. Higher E. coli concentrations in DW were found in Laos compared to Thailand, especially in households without toilets (in Laos) and in rural rather than in suburban villages. In suburban Laos, house material, storage container types and lack of toilets were significantly associated with E. coli contamination of DW, wher

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Pompeu Martins, Maíra, Alexandre Junio Borges Araujo, Lara Parreira de Souza, et al. "Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water Fountains and the Potential Risk Associated with Location and Cleanliness." Interfaces Científicas - Saúde e Ambiente 8, no. 3 (2021): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17564/2316-3798.2021v8n3p399-408.

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As drinking water fountains are the main source of free drinking water in public spaces, microbiological quality standards in such facilities are strongly relevant to public health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological condition of drinking water fountains in a public institution, specifically investigating the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and to establish possible causes of contamination. Microbiological analysis was conducted with samples from seven drinking water fountain bubbler faucets located near the restrooms. We evaluated the number of u

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Manar, Manish Kumar, Shivendra Kumar Singh, Prashant Kumar Bajpai, and Shikhar Singh. "Drinking water hygiene practices in caregivers of under 6 year children: a cross sectional study in urban Lucknow, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 9 (2018): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183372.

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Background: Safe drinking water is the basic necessity for humans. Due to water borne diseases, most of the children get malnourished. The present study was conducted to know about knowledge and practices on drinking water hygiene and to find the association between knowledge and drinking water hygiene practices among caregivers of under 6 year children.Methods: It is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the field practice area of a medical college in urban Lucknow. We included 250 respondents in our study. The data were analyzed using Institutional SPSS-24.0 (IBM Corp., Chicag

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Muhamad Fitra, Laode, Nafi Almuzani, and Marihot Simanjuntak. "Analysis of The Application of Ultraviolet Water Sterilizer in Maintaining The Quality of Drinking Water on The MV. EPIC PAN." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary 2, no. 2 (2023): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v2i2.306.

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Ultraviolet water sterilizer is a long cylindrical device used for the sterilization of water into drinkable water. Ultraviolet water sterilizer has two main parts: an adapter and UV tubes. The adapter serves to drain the ratio of electricity according to the voltage and current required by ultraviolet water sterilizer. UV tubes contain ultraviolet lamps where light is the main equipment for making the water drinkable and the water will flow along with the ultraviolet rays, so that the water flowing in the tube is passed through the sterilization process with ultraviolet rays so that the water

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Goel, Varun, Griffin J. Bell, Sumati Sridhar, et al. "Considering Alternate Pathways of Drinking-Water Contamination: Evidence of Risk Substitution from Arsenic Mitigation Programs in Rural Bangladesh." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (2020): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155372.

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Deep tubewells are a key component of arsenic mitigation programs in rural Bangladesh. Compared to widely prevalent shallow tubewells, deep tubewells reduce ground-water arsenic exposure and provide better microbial water quality at source. However, the benefits of clean drinking-water at these more distant sources may be abated by higher levels of microbial contamination at point-of-use. One such potential pathway is the use of contaminated surface water for washing drinking-water storage containers. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of surface water use for washing drinking-

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Poças, Ana, Nazaré Rebola, Bruno Cordeiro, et al. "Methodology for sampling drinking water discolouration loose deposits at low velocities." Water Supply 13, no. 4 (2013): 1116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.096.

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The occurrence of discoloured water at the tap is one of the most frequent reasons for customers to complain. Water discolouration arises from the re-suspension of loose deposits (LD) that accumulate in drinking water pipes, due to velocity increase. Because of its typical brownish/reddish colour, discoloured water is traditionally perceived as a consequence of cast-iron pipe corrosion, even in networks devoid of cast-iron pipes. Current approaches for LD sampling imply the use of high flow velocities within the range of those used for pipe self-cleaning (0.40 m/s) and/or pipe cleaning (1.50 m

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Warid-Sahial, Ayesha Pesy, Magna Anissa A. Hayudini, Raima J. Gadong, et al. "The Sources of Drinkable Water Used and Its Related Diseases among Barangay Capual Residents Omar, Sulu." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 5, no. 5 (2024): 1501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.05.04.

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The goal of this study is to determine the sources of drinking water and identify ailments among the respondents that are related to water consumption. The study was undertaken to ascertain the sources of drinking water used and its impact on health on Capual Island. The research will also determine whether the respondents' water-related illnesses are significantly impacted by their sources of drinking water. Residents of Capual Island will gain knowledge about local sources of drinking water and illnesses associated with water from the study. Male and female respondents from 287 households we

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Kenney, Erica L., James G. Daly, Rebekka M. Lee, et al. "Providing Students with Adequate School Drinking Water Access in an Era of Aging Infrastructure: A Mixed Methods Investigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010062.

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Ensuring students’ access to safe drinking water at school is essential. However, many schools struggle with aging infrastructure and subsequent water safety problems and have turned to bottled water delivery systems. Little is known about whether such systems are feasible and effective in providing adequate student water access. This study was a mixed-methods investigation among six schools in an urban district in the U.S. with two types of water delivery systems: (1) tap water infrastructure, with updated water fountains and bottle fillers, and (2) bottled water coolers. We measured students

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Payant, Analita, Pierre R. Bérubé, and Benoit Barbeau. "Physical cleaning efficacy of hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes in drinking water applications." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 63 (2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20184.

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Kulish, Vasyl, Sergiy Boruk, and Igor Winkler. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF POLVAK 15/72 AS A COAGULANT FOR DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION." Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 59, no. 5 (2024): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59957/jctm.v59.i5.2024.19.

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New coagulant Polvak 15/72 consisting of aluminum hydroxychloride with a pure Al2O3 content of at least 15.3 wt % was investigated as a possible highly effective agent for discoloration, clarification, and cleaning the natural freshwater to produce high-quality drinking water. Water was taken from the river of Dnipro during the winter-summer period of 2022. A 20 mg dm-3 coagulant concentration showed sufficient water cleaning effectiveness, and brought its chromaticity, turbidity, permanganate oxidizability, aluminum and iron contents within the sanitary limits. This result has been achieved u

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Zeng, Yanxia, and Xiashi Zhu. "Rapid determination of iodine content in drinking water by isopropyl sensitization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503004.

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A subject for the rapid determination of iodine content in drinking water by isopropyl sensitization and ICP-MS was established. The samples were dissolved in 1% ammonia solution, 127I was selected as the mass number to be measured and 159Tb as an internal standard. At the same time, 4% (V/V) isopropanol was used to enhance aerosol gasification efficiency, 2% NH3·H2O was used to effectively eliminate memory effects of iodine by cleaning sample for 180 seconds. The results show that, the detection limits of iodine in this method are 0.007 mg·kg-1 and it is superior to other literature. The stan

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Peiris, R. H., M. Jaklewicz, H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment systems using fluorescence EEM and LC–OCD measurements." Water Supply 13, no. 5 (2013): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.130.

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The application of the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) approach and liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection (LC–OCD) analysis for the characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species, extracted from hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes used in drinking water treatment, was demonstrated. Hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species were extracted from two pilot UF membrane systems operated in parallel with lake water as the feed. Two membrane cleaning protocols, hydraulic- and chemical-based (NaOCl and citric acid) cleaning,

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Sidhu, Kirpal S. "Regulation of Environmental Contaminants in Drinking Water: State Methods and Problems." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 11, no. 3 (1992): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819209141871.

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Risk assessment methodologies form the basis for deriving guidelines for environmental contaminants in drinking water. A state may have to set, on an emergency basis, an interim guideline for a drinking water contaminant for which only limited data are available. Additional national drinking water standards will be useful for state regulatory agencies, because maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) are legally enforceable, but the risk assessment formulations of the regulatory agencies can be challenged. A state has to issue advisories and set interim guidelines for use of water for non-drinking pu

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