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1
Berger, Matthias, Luca Flamini, Roberto Pasta, et al. "A motorized and remotely controlled Horizontal Tailplane for efficient WT testing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1226, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1226/1/012055.
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Abstract The H2020-Cleansky 2 project EULOSAM II supports the development and assessment of an innovative natural laminar aircraft wing by integrating innovative aerodynamic control surfaces and high lift technologies. The project focuses on the modification and completion of a WT-model to enable robust and efficient testing. EULOSAM II is a project funded by the EC through the Clean Sky 2 JU and carried out in cooperation with Dassault Aviation. In order to ensure efficient testing a key element of EULOSAM II was to develop and validate a solution to improve the WT test productivity, which was achieved by designing, manufacturing and testing a remotely controlled, actuated HTP which significantly reduces the time needed in the WT for model-configuration changes. The model under review is a business jet half-model, test will be performed in the ONERA F1 Wind Tunnel, at high Reynolds numbers and low Mach Numbers typical of high-lift conditions. This paper presents the outcome of the whole development process of the actuated solution. This development includes the mechanical design as well as the control-solution to be applied in the WT. Pre-Tests have been performed in order to show that the implemented solution is working well and is robust enough to enable smooth and productive testing operations. In this paper, details on the design as well as explanations on why specific solutions were down-selected and found to be most effective ones are presented. During the final development phase, to investigate the functionality and robustness of the system, ground tests have been conducted with the assembled model on test benches to save WT time and to enable faster troubleshooting. Actuating WT models are seen as key to increase WT test efficiency, therefore this is in particular interesting for WT-test which have high hourly test-costs. Lessons learned for future applications therefore will be given to discuss if solutions found so far can be extrapolated to other, comparable applications.
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Parmar, Jignasha M., SK Raval, Mayank Parwari, Neha Rao, and DM Patel. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Different Ear Cleanser in Management of Canine Otitis." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 02 (2019): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.2.18.
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The objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three different ear cleansers in 30 dogs of various breeds suffering from otitis. Based on history and clinical signs, ear exudates were collected by aseptic cotton swab for isolation and identification of organisms. The cerumen deposition in-ear canal was cleared using one of the ear preparations, viz., ear cleanser-I (0.2 % salicylic acid and 0.3 % phenoxyethanol) ear cleanser - II (chlorhexidine, propylene glycol and tris–EDTA) or ear cleanser-III (2% para-dichlorobenzene, benzocaine 2.7%, chlorbutol 5% and turpentine oil 15 %). Systemic/local antibiotics were used as per sensitivity testing. The treatment protocol found effective in the management of ear infections included cleaning the ear debris using ceruminolytic preparations/ear wax dissolvent, viz, ear drop. Ear cleanser-III showed excellent results (100%) in ceruminous as well as bacterial otitis with subsequent instillation of ear preparations containing antibacterial drug(s) and antifungal agents compared to cleanser-II (90%) and cleanser-I (70%).
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Mohammed, Dr Raghad A. "The Effects of Acetic Acid and Chlorhexidine Gluconate as a Cavity Cleanser on the Shear Bond Strength of Compomer Restorations." Mustansiria Dental Journal 6, no. 1 (2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v6i1.420.
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Bonding of restorative materials to tooth structure has become one of the prime objectives of modern dentistry. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate andcompare the shear bond strength of compomer material to dentin washed with three cleanser agent. Thirty freshly extracted adult human maxillary firs,, premolars teeth were utilized in this study. Each tooth was sectioned horizontally exposing the dentin surface. According to the type of cleanser agent used to wash the dentin surface; the teeth were divided into three groups often teeth each: Group I chlorhexidine cleanser with compomer; Group II acetic acid with compomer; and Group III distal water with compomer. The measurement for evaluation the shear bond strength of compomer to dentin by using Zwick universal testing machine. The results showed that higher significant different between group I and group III also between group II and group III; however< there is no significant difference between group I and group II. This present in vitro study concludes that the shear bond strength of compomer material to dentin can be enhanced by washing the exposed dentin with cleanser agents chlorhexidine and acetic acid instead of distal water.
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Krishnan, Divya, Pradeepa P.M., Maniamuthu Ragupathi, Jayakrishnakumar S, Hariharan Ramakrishnan, and Vidhya Jeyapalan. "In Vitro Evaluation Of The Effect Of Different Cleansing Agents On The Shear Bond Of Contaminated Zirconia Ceramics To Resin Cement." Journal of Clinical Prosthodontics and Implantology 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55995/j-cpi.2024001.
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Aim: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different cleansing solutions on the shear bond strength of contaminated zirconia ceramic to resin cement. Materials and Methods: Fifty zirconia disc (Dental Direkt,YES Germany) of size 10mm x 3mm were fabricated and mounted in self-cure acrylic resin block using a customized jig. The samples (n=10) were grouped based on two cleansing solutions and sub grouped based on two contaminants. Group I (control), neither contaminated nor any cleansing solution used. Group IIA, contaminating with saliva, cleansed with water and Group IIB, contaminating with GC Fitchecker II, cleansed with water. Group IIIA, contaminating with saliva, cleansed with Zirclean and Group IIIB, contaminating with GC Fitchecker II, cleansed with Zirclean. Subsequently fifty composite buttons (5.5mm x 3mm) were fabricated and bonded to the test samples using resin modified glass ionomer cement (Riva Cem,SDI). Thermocycling, shear bond strength, scanning electron microscopy were carried out for all the groups. Statistical analysis was done using independent t test with SPSS software Results: On comparison it was found that samples contaminated with saliva, cleansed with Zirclean showed a higher mean shear bond strength and the result was statistically significant (P<0.001). Samples contaminated with GC Fitchecker, cleansed with Zirclean showed a higher mean shear bond strength and the result was statistically significant (P<0.001). The result collaborated with SEM analysis of the debonded samples. Conclusion: Zirclean can be used as an effective surface cleansing solution for zirconia restorations.
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El-Housseiny, Azza, and Hana Jamjoum. "The effect of caries detector dyes and a cavity cleansing agent on composite resin bonding to enamel and dentin." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 25, no. 1 (2001): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.25.1.781012816642v3t5.
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This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of caries detector dyes and/or cavity cleanser on composite bonding and etching patterns of enamel and dentin. One hundred and eight non-carious premolars were divided into six groups according to the enamel and dentin pretreatment investigated. The different pretreatment were as follows: Group I: teeth with prophylaxis only, Group II: Sable seek caries detector dye,Groups III: chlorhexidine cavity cleanser,Group IV: the caries detectors dye followed by prophylaxis, Group V: the cavity cleanser followed by the caries detector dye, and Group IV: Snoop caries detector dye. The shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel and dentin was evaluated by the Instron Universal testing machine while, the topographic details of enamel and dentin were examined by the SEM following the different pretreatment and acid etching. Results of the shear bond strength showed no statistically significant difference among the six groups, with no substantial differences in SEM results. It is concluded that using the caries detector dyes and/or chlorhexidine cavity cleanser before acid etching does not significantly affect composite bonding to enamel and dentin.
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Pankhurst, James R., Thomas Cadenbach, Daniel Betz, Colin Finn, and Jason B. Love. "Towards dipyrrins: oxidation and metalation of acyclic and macrocyclic Schiff-base dipyrromethanes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 5 (2015): 2066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt03592e.
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Oxidation of acyclic Schiff-base dipyrromethanes cleanly results in dipyrrins, whereas the macrocyclic ‘Pacman’ analogues either decompose or form new dinuclear copper(ii) complexes that are inert to ligand oxidation.
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Hickey, Anne K., Marco G. Crestani, Alison R. Fout, Xinfeng Gao, Chun-Hsing Chen, and Daniel J. Mindiola. "Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons with metal-carbon multiple bonds and trapping of a titanium(ii) intermediate." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 26 (2014): 9834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01037j.
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Reacting (PNP)TiCH<sup>t</sup>Bu(CH<sub>2</sub><sup>t</sup>Bu) with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) in cyclohexane or heptane results in dehydrogenation of the solvent, cleanly producing cyclohexene and 1-heptene, respectively, and a Ti<sup>II</sup> intermediate that is trapped by bipy.
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Selman, Victor, Ruth Corey Selman, Jerry Selman, and Elsie Selman. "The Mozart Effect II And Other Communication/Learning Links." College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS) 3, no. 2 (2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ctms.v3i2.5280.
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I believe that a nation that allows music to be expendable is in danger of becoming expendable itself.Richard Dreyfuss, star of Mr. Hollands Opus @ the Grammy Awards (1996)Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased, Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow,Raze out the written troubles of the brain, And with some sweet oblivious antidote,Cleanse the full bosom of that perilous stuff Which weights upon the heart . . .Macbeth, reflecting on music in Macbeth, ShakespeareIs a soul greater than the hum of its parts?Douglas Hofstadter, The Minds Eye
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Ifadah, Nurul, Rani Purba, and Martha Mozartha. "Effect of Different Types of Denture Cleansers on Hardliner Surface Roughness." Journal of Indonesian Dental Association 5, no. 2 (2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jida.v5i2.868.
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 Introduction: Hard liner is a denture relining material which can be used directly at the chairside in brief time. The characteristic of the hardliner is its susceptibility towards porosity which consequently resulting biofilm accumulation and Candida albicans colonization. Thus, there is a need for denture cleaning. Alkaline peroxide is a type of denture cleanser which is widely used, but it could affect the physical properties of hard liner. One of the traditional ingredients that have the potential to be used as an alternative to denture cleanser is cinnamon. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of denture cleansers on the surface roughness of hard liner. Method: Twelve cylindrical hard liner specimens (15mm x 10mm, ASTM: D-2240 64T) were divided into three groups: group I (immersed in distilled water), group II (immersed in alkaline peroxide) and group III (immersed in 1.5% extract cinnamon). All specimens were soaked for 15 minutes/day for 7 days. Surface roughness was measured using surface roughness tester (Handysurf E-MC-S24B Japan). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni (α=0.05). Results: The highest average of surface roughness was shown on specimens immersed in alkaline peroxide, followed by specimens immersed in 1.5% cinnamon extract and distilled water, respectively. There were a significant difference in surface roughness values in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of type of denture cleanser on the surface hardness of hard liner.
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Gustafsson, Bengt. "Dust cleansing of star-forming gas." Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (August 2018): A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732354.
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Aims. We explore the possibility that solar chemical composition, as well as the similar composition of the rich open cluster M 67, have been affected by dust cleansing of the presolar or precluster cloud due to the radiative forces from bright early-type stars in its neighbourhood. Methods. We estimate possible cleansing effects using semi-analytical methods, which are essentially based on momentum conservation. Results. Our calculations indicate that the amounts of cleansed neutral gas are limited to a relatively thin shell surrounding the H II region around the early-type stars. Conclusions. It seems possible that the proposed mechanism acting in individual giant molecular clouds may produce significant abundance effects for masses corresponding to single stars or small groups of stars. The effects of cleansing are, however, severely constrained by the thinness of the cleansed shell of gas and by turbulence in the cloud. This is why the mechanism can hardly be important in cleansing masses corresponding to rich clusters, such as the mass of the original M 67.
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Sindlinger, Christian P., and Lars Wesemann. "Hydrogen abstraction from organotin di- and trihydrides by N-heterocyclic carbenes: a new method for the preparation of NHC adducts to tin(ii) species and observation of an isomer of a hexastannabenzene derivative [R6Sn6]." Chem. Sci. 5, no. 7 (2014): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc00365a.
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N-Heterocyclic carbenes are shown to cleanly abstract dihydrogen from organotin di- and trihydrides to intermediately form the reactive stannylene species [R<sub>2</sub>Sn] and [R′SnH], respectively, which undergo further reactions.
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Snyder, Timothy. "“To Resolve the Ukrainian Problem Once and for All”: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943–1947." Journal of Cold War Studies 1, no. 2 (1999): 86–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203979952559531.
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The complicated and violent interactions between Ukrainians and Poles during and after World War II have been the subject of competing Ukrainian and Polish historical interpretations. This article sifts through the historical evidence to determine why Ukrainian and Polish memories of that period are so much at odds. The fate of the contested territories of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia was decided ultimately by the Soviet Union, which imposed new borders on Poland. Once those borders had been established, the transfer of Poles from the newly enlarged Soviet Ukraine and the forced removal of Ukrainians from eastern Poland consolidated an “ethnically cleansed” post-war order.
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Das, Brahami, Biswajit Das, Nirmayla Sankar Das, et al. "Novel Ag2O-Ga2O3 type II p-n heterojunction as an efficient water cleanser for green cleaning technology." Applied Surface Science 515 (June 2020): 145958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145958.
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Koimah, Husnul, and Yeni Huriani. "Keberagamaan Napi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas II A Kota Bandung." TEMALI : Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial 4, no. 2 (2021): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jt.v4i2.13054.
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This study discusses the religious behavior of female prisoners in the Class IIA Women's Penitentiary in Bandung City. Through qualitative methods with data collection by observation and interviews, this research answers how the religious behavior of female prisoners when in prison. This religious behavior is seen in three aspects: the form of thought, the form of action, and the form of fellowship. This study found that prisoners believe that their presence in prison is the right place to cleanse themselves with religious messages. In religious behavior, the prisoners think fully believe in each God, scriptures, prophets, angels, and their religious doctrines, especially Islam and Christianity. In the form of actions, the coaching program provided by prisons is quite effective in increasing religious behavior through ‘shalihah’ pesantren activities, iqra classes, tausiyah, and worship services. The program is beneficial for prisoners in forming a more responsible character. Finally, religious behavior in fellowship is a complementary form of religious forms of thought and action. Through this form of fellowship, inmates are more stable when socializing with fellow inmates and prison officers.
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Berry, Thomas, Alex Simpson, and Matt Visser. "Regularity of a General Class of “Quantum Deformed” Black Holes." Universe 7, no. 6 (2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7060165.
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We discuss the “quantum deformed Schwarzschild spacetime”, as originally introduced by Kazakov and Solodukhin in 1993, and investigate the precise sense in which it does and does not satisfy the desiderata for being a “regular black hole”. We shall carefully distinguish (i) regularity of the metric components, (ii) regularity of the Christoffel components, and (iii) regularity of the curvature. We shall then embed the Kazakov–Solodukhin spacetime in a more general framework where these notions are clearly and cleanly separated. Finally, we analyze aspects of the classical physics of these “quantum deformed Schwarzschild spacetimes”. We shall discuss the surface gravity, the classical energy conditions, null and timelike geodesics, and the appropriate variant of the Regge–Wheeler equation.
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Hankel née Reinhold, Katharina, Fabian Burzlaff, Björn B. Beele, and Fabian Mohr. "Silver(I) and Copper(I) Complexes of Dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies." Inorganics 12, no. 5 (2024): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050140.
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A family of silver(I) and copper(I) complexes containing carboxylate ligands were prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acids and Ag2O. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, the silver(I) salts are coordination polymers based on dinuclear silver species with bridging carboxylate ligands. The reaction of these silver salts with Ph3P gives four-coordinate, tetrahedral bis(phosphine) complexes. Analogous copper(I) bis(phosphine) compounds were prepared by the reduction of copper(II) carboxylates with Ph3P. Decomposition temperatures and thermal decomposition products were studied by TGA/DSC measurements. The metal compounds decomposed cleanly to their respective metals (silver or copper) at temperatures ranging from 206 to 338 °C.
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Lawrance, GA, BW Skelton, AH White, and P. Comba. "An Unusual Cleavage and Macrocyclization in the Zinc-Aqueous Acid Reduction of [2-Methyl-2-Nitro-N,N'-Bis(Pyridin-2-Ylmethyl)-Propane-1,3-Diamine]Coppe R(II) Cation - Crystal-Structure of the (6,13-Dimethyl-1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-Diamine)Copper(II) Perchlorate Product." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 7 (1986): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861101.
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Reduction of [2-methyl-2-nitro-N,N?-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)propane- 1,3-diamine]copper(II) with zinc in aqueous hydrochloric acid and subsequent recomplexation yields the macromonocyclic complex (6,13-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-diamine)copper(II) perchlorate as the major product, apparently by cleavage of both pyridine rings from the precursor ligand and direct recombination of two saturated residues. Catalytic reduction of the nitro group in the precursor compound can be achieved cleanly over palladium-carbon with hydrogen. The macrocyclic complex crystallized in the space group P21/c, a 8.031(4), b 17.45(1), c 8.436(5) Ǻ, β 117.87(4)°, Z 2; for a single-crystal X-ray structure determination R was 0.078 for 1378 'observed' reflections. The complex is centrosymmetric, the macrocycle having pendant amines on opposite sides of the macrocyclic plane, while perchlorate oxygen atoms occupy the axial sites with Cu-O at 2.59 Ǻ. Observed Cu-N distances of 2.022(6) and 1.996(7) Ǻ are longer than usual for copper(II) amines. Electron spin resonance and electronic spectroscopy define an essentially square-planar geometry in solution, with only weak axial interactions.
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Dewi, Hevny Kartika, Mardiyono Mardiyono, Diyah Fatmasari, Sudirman Sudirman, and Djenta Saha. "Effect of Red Fruit Oil Soap (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) as Wound Cleansing on Wound Healing and the Number of Bacterial Colonies among Grade II Diabetic Ulcer Patients at Griya Wound Care Clinic Kudus, Indonesia." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 3, no. 2 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-32268.
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Background: Diabetic ulcer is an open wound on the skin layer to the dermis due to hyperglycemia and neuropathy. This condition often causes infection and becomes an inhibitor in the wound healing process. Red fruit oil soap can be used as an alternative cleansing to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and accelerate the wound healing process.Aims: This present study aimed to observe the effect of red fruit oil soap in the cleansing process to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and the wound healing process in grade II Diabetic ulcer patientsMethods: This is a quasi-experimental study with the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. Wound cleansing in the intervention group used 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap with a pH of 5.74, while the wound cleansing in the control group used 0.9% NaCl solution. Bacterial colonies were assessed and the type of bacteria was observed by the swab method. The wound healing was assessed with Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) instrument for 14 days with observations every 3 days. Analysis test used Mann Whitney and Repeated Measure ANOVA.Results: There was no difference in the mean of the number of bacterial colonies between the wounds that were cleansed with 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap and the wounds which were cleansed by using 0.9% NaCl solution (p> 0.05). The mean of the number of colonies in the intervention group until the 14th day reduced by 3.14x106 and in the control group was reduced h 1.40x106. There was a significant decrease in the wound healing scores in each group, in each assessment for 14 days.Conclusion: This study found that the wound cleansing using red fruit oil soap and 0.9% NaCl solution could reduce the number of bacterial colonies on the wound surface and accelerate the wound healing process among patients with grade II diabetic ulcer.
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Srivastava, Nidhi, Shalabh Kumar, and Upendra Sharma US. "In vitro comparative assessment of the denture cleansers effectiveness on the surface hardness of permanent silicone denture line." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 5 (September 5, 2023): 2023ss0413. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2023ss0413.
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The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the impact of various denture cleaners on the surface hardness of permanent silicone denture lines. In the present study, 124 specimens were included comprising of soft liners made of permanent silicone, which were made from the 15 mm x 10 mm custom metal mold dimensions, where 62 samples were made of Molossil™ and 62 other of Voco™ which are commercially available liners for permanent dentures. These samples were then divided into 4 groups of equal specimen numbers (n=32) depending on the cleansing treatments. Group I specimens were cleaned with water daily, and Group II Polident™ Group III was given SecureTM denture cleaning solution, while Group IV was given PeriogardTM denture cleaning solution. The samples were assessed at 1st week, 1st month, and 6th month after cleanser use. The study results showed that at the 6th-month follow-up after the use of denture cleansers, all of the samples had considerably increased surface hardness compared to the baseline. Statistically significant results were seen with Periogard™, Secure™, and Polident™ compared to Group I controls. In Voco™ denture liners, minor changes were seen compared to Molossil™ soft liners with time in all the groups. The results of this investigation are significantly well cleansing action is seen with Voco™ soft denture lining material compared to Mollosil™ soft denture lining material, and surface hardness is least affected by Polident™ denture cleanser compared to Secure™ and Periogard™ denture cleansing agents.
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Xu, Wenbin, Hailang Yang, Qiming Mao, Lin Luo, and Ying Deng. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage by Red Mud–Based Geopolymer Pervious Concrete: Batch and Long–Term Column Studies." Polymers 14, no. 24 (2022): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245355.
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Various metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD) cause environmental pollution. Due to the unique advantages of heavy metal treatment and gelling properties, previous concretes incorporating red mud have attracted extensive attention in AMD passive treatment, which utilises naturally occurring chemicals to cleanse contaminated mine waters with low operating costs. This study aims to develop red mud–based geopolymer pervious concrete as an eco–friendly method to remove heavy metals in AMD. Compared with raw pervious concrete, red mud–based geopolymer pervious concrete improves the purification efficiency of heavy metals. The high rate of acid reduction and metal removal by the geopolymer is attributed to the dissolution of portlandite in red mud. Precipitation of metal hydroxides seems to be the dominant metal removal mechanism. Under optimal conditions (influent pH = 4.0 and the hydraulic retention time = 24 h), red mud–based geopolymer pervious concrete could completely remove Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) by up to 10 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. When the influent pH is 2.5, the hydrolysis of Fe(III) released from red mud increases the consumption of OH−. Moreover, when the influent pH is 4.0, the precipitation of CaSO4 promotes the dissolution of portlandite and metal removal. Therefore, red mud has demonstrated feasibility in the manufacturing of geopolymer–based pervious concrete for purification AMD.
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Reid, Chris, Jerome Daviot, and Douglas Holmes. "Advanced Aqueous Cleaner II: PER Removal from Sensitive Cu/Low-k Devices." Solid State Phenomena 103-104 (April 2005): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.103-104.373.
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This paper described the development of two types of Advanced Aqueous Cleaners (AAC™) for Aluminium (Al) Post Etch Residue (PER) removal. The first approach was developed to address a need for cleaning chemistries with a smaller environmental footprint that were also able to clean at significantly lower process times and temperatures than conventional wet chemical cleans. A broad screening experiment was undertaken during which it was highlighted it was possible to clean Al lines in an acidic region though this technology was not extendable to cleaning via features. However, the study emphasised the need to use a selective alkaline reducing formulation to maintain a high cleaning efficiency for the more complex residues formed during via etch. The novel Back End Of Line (BEOL) PER cleaners presented in this paper were optimised using a statistical Design Of Experiment (DOE) to perform at lower temperatures and shorter process times and were Fluoride and organic solvent free while containing a minimum of 80%wt water.
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Naik, A. P., J. An, C. Burrage, and N. W. Evans. "Charting galactic accelerations – II. How to ‘learn’ accelerations in the solar neighbourhood." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 2 (2022): 1609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac153.
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ABSTRACT Gravitational acceleration fields can be deduced from the collisionless Boltzmann equation, once the distribution function is known. This can be constructed via the method of normalizing flows from data sets of the positions and velocities of stars. Here, we consider application of this technique to the solar neighbourhood. We construct mock data from a linear superposition of multiple ‘quasi-isothermal’ distribution functions, representing stellar populations in the equilibrium Milky Way disc. We show that given a mock data set comprising a million stars within 1 kpc of the Sun, the underlying acceleration field can be measured with excellent, sub-per cent level accuracy, even in the face of realistic errors and missing line-of-sight velocities. The effects of disequilibrium can lead to bias in the inferred acceleration field. This can be diagnosed by the presence of a phase space spiral, which can be extracted simply and cleanly from the learned distribution function. We carry out a comparison with two other popular methods of finding the local acceleration field (Jeans analysis and 1D distribution function fitting). We show our method most accurately measures accelerations from a given mock data set, particularly in the presence of disequilibria.
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Dewi, Hevny Kartika, Mardiyono, Sudirman, and Djenta Saha. "Effect of red fruit oil soap (Pandanus conoideus LAM) as wound cleansing on wound healing and the number of bacterial colonies among Grade II Diabetic Ulcer Patients at Griya Qound Care Clinic Kudus, Indonesia." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 3, no. 2 (2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-32542.
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Background: Diabetic ulcer is an open wound on the skin layer to the dermis due to hyperglycemia and neuropathy. This condition often causes infection and becomes an inhibitor in the wound healing process. Red fruit oil soap can be used as an alternative cleansing to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and accelerate the wound healing process. This present study aimed to observe the effect of red fruit oil soap in the cleansing process to reduce the number of bacterial colonies and the wound healing process in grade II Diabetic ulcer patientsMethods: This is a quasi-experimental study with the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. Wound cleansing in the intervention group used 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap with a pH of 5.74, while the wound cleansing in the control group used 0.9% NaCl solution. Bacterial colonies were assessed and the type of bacteria was observed by the swab method. The wound healing was assessed with Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) instrument for 14 days with observations every 3 days. Analysis test used Mann Whitney and Repeated Measure ANOVA.Results: There was no difference in the mean of the number of bacterial colonies between the wounds that were cleansed with 0.9% NaCl solution and red fruit oil soap and the wounds which were cleansed by using 0.9% NaCl solution (p> 0.05). The mean of the number of colonies in the intervention group until the 14th day reduced by 3.14x106 and in the control group was reduced h 1.40x106. There was a significant decrease in the wound healing scores in each group, in each assessment for 14 days.Conclusion: This study found that the wound cleansing using red fruit oil soap and 0.9% NaCl solution could reduce the number of bacterial colonies on the wound surface and accelerate the wound healing process among patients with grade II diabetic ulcer. Keywords: Red fruit oil soap, Wound cleansing, Wound healing, Diabetic ulcerReceived: 25 August 2018; Reviewed: 4 September 2018; Revised: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 28 June 2019 DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-32542
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Katz, Philip O., Douglas K. Rex, Michael Epstein, et al. "A Dual-Action, Low-Volume Bowel Cleanser Administered the Day Before Colonoscopy: Results From the SEE CLEAR II Study." American Journal of Gastroenterology 108, no. 3 (2013): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.441.
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He, Ji-Huan, and Habibolla Latifizadeh. "A general numerical algorithm for nonlinear differential equations by the variational iteration method." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 11 (2020): 4797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2020-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest a general numerical algorithm for nonlinear problems by the variational iteration method (VIM). Design/methodology/approach Firstly, the Laplace transform technique is used to reconstruct the variational iteration algorithm-II. Secondly, its convergence is strictly proved. Thirdly, the numerical steps for the algorithm is given. Finally, some examples are given to show the solution process and the effectiveness of the method. Findings No variational theory is needed to construct the numerical algorithm, and the incorporation of the Laplace method into the VIM makes the solution process much simpler. Originality/value A universal iteration formulation is suggested for nonlinear problems. The VIM cleans up the numerical road to differential equations.
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Reyes-Garcia, Alejandro, Eduardo Sainz-Mejia, Javier Ortiz-Villafuerte, Javier Palacios-Hernandez, and Roberto Lopez-Solis. "Study of hydrodynamics performance of a multi-venturi filtering system for BWR severe accident venting strategies." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 35, no. 1 (2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2001016r.
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The aim of this project was to determine the capacity of a multi-venturi scrubber filtering system to cope with vented gas mass-flow rate coming from a BWR Mark II primary containment during a long-term station blackout. The multi-venturi filtering system CFD models were developed in the environment of the open source platforms SALOME and OpenFoam. The first geometrical model was created based on the dimensions of a well-known experimental setup, and the results of the pressure drop along the streamwise co-ordinate showed a maximum difference of 10 % in relation to the experimental values for different cases of liquid to gas mass ratios. Then a full scale multi-venturi model was developed. To study the performance of this system during conditions expected in a severe accident, a gas mixture similar to that occurring in a BWR Mark II containment at venting pressure was used as inlet gas. The gas mass-flow that can be cleansed by individual venturis and the pressure required to activate those venturis were computed. The pressure drop profiles in each sector were also determined as the function of different liquid loadings. The results showed good agreement with the capacity of the design taken as the reference model.
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Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L. "Sewer sediment management: some historical aspects of egg-shaped sewers and flushing tanks." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 4 (2003): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0233.
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This paper presents a historical review of some concepts and techniques used to manage sewer sediments and to cleanse sewers. Two aspects are illustrated: i) the use of egg-shaped and similar types of sewers in order to ensure self-cleansing velocities even during low flow periods, and ii) the use of flushing tanks to scour deposited sediments and keep sewers free of deposits. After a brief survey of antecedent periods, the paper focuses on the evolution since the middle of the 19th century. Mainly based on French and English complementary examples, because both countries were leaders in the development of urban drainage in the period 1840-1880, the paper also provides information from Germany and the USA and shows that some aspects remained rather unchanged during 150 years while other have been completely revised during the same period.
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Igo, William. "Carr, A History Of Germany - 1815-1990." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 18, no. 2 (1993): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.18.2.86.
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Now in its fourth edition, William Carr's A History of Germany: 1815-1990 still ranks as one of the best single volume works available, succinctly delineating the political and diplomatic history of post-Napoleonic Germany. The first edition (1969) covered German history from 1815 until the end of World War II and received much acclaim and some criticism, though most of the criticisms were based upon differences in historical interpretation, not factual presentation. The second edition clarified Carr's historical interpretations and expanded the information on the Wilhelmine and Weimar eras. The third edition included a new chapter "The Two Germanies" covering 1945 to 1984. Carr's fourth edition "cleans up" the third edition's added chapter and includes a new chapter on Germany's reunification in 1990
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Emeka, Ikechukwu, E., Chinazom, E. Ogbonna, Joseph E. Inya, Chukwudi, J. Ofoegbu, and Evangelina, O. Ohaeri. "The Efficacy of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Malaria in Owerri." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science X, no. I (2025): 292–302. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.1001024.
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This study was aimed at determining the efficacy of herbal medicine sold in Owerri in the treatment of malaria with specific intention to evaluate the anti-malarial and mortality dose response in albino mice. The study took place in the Glassblowing Unit of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo state. Two different herbal mixtures namely: Goko cleanser (S. acuta = 10%, T. procumbens = 15 %, A. boonei =35%, P. amarus = 25% and C. sinensis = 15%) and Green Health Herbal mixtures (P. amarus = 45%, N. laevis =10% and V. amygdalina = 55%) were used and a total of Forty four (44) mice, some already infected with Plasmodium berghei were purchased from the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu state weighing 21.27-25.68 g. The animals were grouped into five. The 1st group represented the control (untreated mice with the parasite), the 2nd group was treated with the first herbal mixture (Goko cleanser), the 3rd group was treated with the 2nd herbal mixture (Green health herbal), while the last group was the positive control (healthy rat). Each group was contained four mice. Group A (control) received no medicine and they were infected, Group B was infected with P. berghei and regrouped into two (set I and II) containing two mice each. Set I was treated with 200 mg/L and set II was treated with 250 mg/L of the Goko herbal cleanser. Group C was also regrouped into two (Set III and IV) containing two mice each. Set III and set IV were infected with P. berghei and treated with 200 and 250 mg/L of the Green Health Herbal mixture respectively while group D were healthy mice. Extra Twenty eight (28) were also joined to the healthy control to conduct mortality dose response test. These animals were monitored for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Thirty two (32) mice were recruited for mortality dose response test. They were grouped into four based on the doses of herbal mixtures and each group contained 4 mice and each group had experimental set for herbal mixture A and B. The experimental animals were given 0.0 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 500 ml/L, and 1500 mg/L of the herbal mixtures and were routinely inspected for 5 days (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs.) for signs of toxicity and mortality such as tremors, weakness, restlessness, refusal to feed, falling off of hair, coma, or even death. The data collected were expressed as mean ± SD and subjected to ANOVA with Duncan Multiple Test by 2022 version of SPSS to obtain the LSD at confidence level of 95%. The result showed that % suppressive antimalarial effects of the herbal mixture for the control (100, 121, 142 and 158 %) increased, the herbal mixture A and B at the dose of 200 mg/L (100, 79.7, 66.1 and 51.5; 100, 80.7, 65.2 and 49.8 %) and at the dose of 250 mg/L (100, 85.9, 55.6 and 30%; 100, 76.8, 59.11 and 27.6 %) decreased as the time increased from 0-72 hrs. Consequently, doses of 250 mg/L (0-81%; 0-82.5%) of herbal A and B confer quicker and more efficacious % chemosuppressive effect than doses of 200 mg/L (0-67.4%; 0-68.7%) and at the doses of 500 mg/L (3 mice died) and 1500 mg/L (7 mice died). In conclusion, herbal B exhibited more antimalarial properties than A, although they did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). However, herbal medicine is anti-malarial in nature; an overdose of the mixture can be lethal.
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Repoň, Anton. "Czech and Slovak scientists about V.V. Mayakovsky." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 1 (January 2024): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.1-24.117.
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The article Czech and Slovak Scientists about V.V. Mayakovsky is dedicated to the Russian and Soviet poet, futurist V.V. Mayakovsky. Our job is to cleanse his image of the layers of ideological prejudice and put him on his pedestal, because we are dealing with one of the most original poets in the world, whose work has always aroused attention, and often passion. The focus of the study is the reception of the writer in the Czechoslovak cultural space during his lifetime, in the interwar period, in the period after the end of World War II, during the period of building socialism in our countries and after 1989, i. e. at the time of the change in the socio-political situation and the emergence of two independent republics. After many decades, our article is an attempt to re-imagine for Czech and Slovak readers one of the most original poets of world literature without the burden of ideological ballast.
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Ванеян, Степан Сергеевич. "A STONE AND THE STUMBLING - II. The house, the temple, the curtain, the flesh - metaphors of exegetic constructivism." ВОПРОСЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(13) (June 5, 2020): 74–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2020.13.2.003.
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После того как был прослежен опыт строительства, созидания и разрушения в Первом Завете, стало возможно обратиться уже к Новому Завету, построенному как текстуальный канон вокруг единого христологического центра - исповедания Иисуса как Мессии и более того - как воплощенного Божественного Слова. Так как имеются в виду реалии текстуального свойства, то важно себе представлять все эпистемологические особенности рецепции некоторых семантических пространств-топосов, задаваемых в первую очередь керигмой, т. е. личным возвещением опыта встречи с Иисусом, принимаемым Христом - пасхально и евхаристически. Эти новые отношения с Богом, отличные от опыта Первого Завета, оформляются в качестве некоторых метафорических конструкций, которые выглядят как те или иные текстуально-символические действия, обращенные на конкретные пространственные отношения - в виде домов, синагог и, главное, Храма. Судьба Храма в Новом Завете - трагическая: он подвергается уже на уровне текста разрушению и упразднению. Но за этим - опыт телесности: она и замещающая реальность (плоть заменяет тело здания как скиния Небесная - земную), и реальность трансформируемая (тело, завеса, плоть, пелена, община как слагаемые камни Царства). В результате же - опыт метафорической и риторической конструкции Откровения Иоанна, о котором наша следующая попытка «архитектонической экзегезы», призванная финализировать опыт разрушения и созидания, ложного и подлинного, оскверненного и очищенного, проклятого и оправданного - спасенного. Having examined the experience of building and destruction in the First Testament, it is possible to focus on the New Testament, built as a textual canon around the one christological center - professing Christ as the Messiah and the embodied Word of God. As we focus on textual properties, it is essential to understand the epistemological element of the perception of certain semantic spaces/topoi, based, first and foremost, on kerigma - personal proclamation of meeting Jesus, who is recognized as the Christ of Easter and the Eucharist. These new relationships with God, different from those of the First Testament, are built as metaphorical structures that look like certain textual-symbolic actions referring to specific spatial relations shaped as houses, synagogues and the Temple. The fate of the Temple in the New Testament is tragic: it is destroyed and abolished even at the textual level. Behind it is the experience of corporeality as a replacement reality: flesh replaces the body of the building, and similarly, the Heavenly tabernacle replaces the earthly one. This reality is being transformed: the body, the flesh, the community - altogether become stones of the Kingdom. And as a result - St. John's Revelation, his metaphorical and rhetorical construction, which is the subject of our following attempt at 'architectonic exegesis', invoked to finalize the experience of the destruction and structuring, of the false and true, of the desecrated and cleansed, of the condemned and saved.
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Susanto, Ester Chateline, Trisniartami Setyaningrum, Arifa Mustika, and Linda Astari. "Chemical Peeling in Skin-Aging Patients: A Retrospective Study." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 35, no. 1 (2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v35.1.2023.6-14.
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Background: Skin aging is a degenerative process that involves a decrease in the structure and function of skin cells and theextracellular matrix due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Chemical peeling is one of the skin aging treatments that involvesskin ablation using chemical agents. Purpose: To evaluate the profile of skin-aging patients treated with chemical peeling atthe Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January throughDecember 2019. Methods: The data were obtained from patients’ medical records through a total sampling technique, whichconsisted of age, gender, occupation, history taking, physical examination, diagnosis, therapeutic agents, follow-up frequency,and therapeutic result. Result: The study included 37 patients, the majority of whom were between the ages of 46 and 55(35.1%), female (100%), and private employees (32.4%). In history taking, patients’ main complaint is dull skin (94.6%), withthe risk factor of sun exposure (97.3%) and the history of sunscreen usage (81.1%). Pigmentary changes were found in allpatients (100%). The most common diagnoses are photoaging Glogau II and Glogau III, found in 15 patients (40.5%),respectively. The common priming agents were sunscreen (97.3%), cleanser (94.6%), and 8% glycolic acid (75.7%). Themajority of patients (62.2%) received 20% glycolic acid as a peeling agent and sunscreen (86.5%) as a post-peeling agent.The majority of patients (43.2%) did not follow up. Glogau II photoaging (57.1%) was the main therapeutic result.Conclusion: Proper chemical peeling procedures and patients compliance are important factors to improve therapeuticoutcomes.
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Angermann, Heike, Klaus Wolke, Christiane Gottschalk, et al. "Surface Charge and Interface State Density on Silicon Substrates after Ozone Based Wet-Chemical Oxidation and Hydrogen-Termination." Solid State Phenomena 195 (December 2012): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.314.
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For more than 20 years, the application of ozone dissolved in pure deionised water (DIW-O3) has been investigated for wafer-cleaning and resist stripping applications in the semiconductor industry [, , ]. To reduce chemical consumption and disposal costs as well as to improve cleaning efficiency, DIW-O3 is used in semiconductor wet cleaning processes as an alternative to traditional sulphuric acid peroxide (H2SO4/H2O2) [] and RCA [] cleans. Silicon solar cell fabrication includes multiple wet cleaning steps involving large amounts of chemicals. In Si substrate manufacturing the wet-chemical oxidation of substrate surface is used mainly for three purposes: (i) the removal of surface contamination and surface micro-roughness by different cleaning and smoothing procedures in H2O2 containing solutions (RCA I and RCA II) [5], in H2SO4/H2O2 [4], (ii) the preparation of hydrophilic surfaces for subsequent layer deposition [,] and (iii) the fabrication of thin oxide layers []. Chemical consumption could be reduced by replacing some of these chemicals with a mixture of pure deionised water with dissolved ozone for cleaning and surface conditioning. The kinetics of wet-chemical oxidation in DIW-O3 were recently investigated by ellipsometrical measurements of oxide thicknesses (ox>) [3,6,7], by SPV-measurements [7,], by contact angle measurements as well as by quasi-steady-state photo conductance (QSSPC) measurements [7].
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Bari, M. A., M. M. Karim, M. M. Hoque, and M. A. J. Miah. "Characterization and Synthesis of Some α, β-unsaturated Ester Derivatives from Aliphatic Aldehydes." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (2010): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4167.
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Ethyl diazoacetate compound is useful synthetic intermediates for α, β-unsaturated ester in organic synthesis but, due to its toxicity and unpredictable explosive behaviour, its unique reactivity has not been fully exploited and the use on large scale has been avoided. We have developed a reliable method that generates EDA compound in situ. Our approach is based on the Wittig reaction, which utilizes EDA as diazo precursors. In the presence of Cu(OTf)2, we found that diazo compounds can be cleanly converted to alkenyl compounds under mild reaction conditions and in a narrow range of solvents. These diazo compounds can then be induced to react directly with aldehydes to synthesize olefin. We have shown the usefulness of this chemistry in a number of different transformations, such as Wittig olefination reactions chemistry as applied toward the synthesis of more complicated molecules. Keywords: α, β-unsaturated ester; Acryclic acid ethyl ester; Aliphatic aldehyde; Cu(II) triflate; Triphenylphosphine. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4167 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 343-350 (2010)
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Yepez, M. A., A. Arellano Ferro, and D. Deras. "CCD VI time-series of the extremely metal-poor globular cluster M92: revisiting its variable star population." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 3 (2020): 3212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa637.
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ABSTRACT We present an analysis of VI CCD time-series photometry of the Oo II type globular cluster M92. The variable star population of the cluster is studied with the aim of revising their classifications, identifications, frequency spectra, and to select indicators of the parental cluster metallicity and distance. The Fourier decomposition of RR Lyrae light curves lead to the estimation of mean [Fe/H]spec = −2.20 ± 0.18 and distance of 8.3 ± 0.2 kpc. Four new variables are reported: one RRd (V40), a multimode SX Phe (V41), an SR (V42), and one RRc (F1) that is most likely not a cluster member. The AC nature of V7 is confirmed. The double mode nature of the RRc star V11 is not confirmed and its amplitude modulations are most likely due to the Blazhko effect. Two modes are found in the known RRc variable V13. It is argued that the variable V30, previously classified as RRab is, in fact, a BL Her-type star not belonging to the cluster. Using the Gaia-DR2 proper motions, we identified 5012 stars in the field of the cluster, which are very likely cluster members, and for which we possess photometry, enabling the production of a refined colour–magnitude diagram. This also allowed us to identify a few variable stars that do not belong to the cluster. The RR Lyrae pulsation modes on the HB are cleanly separated by the first overtone red edge, a common feature in all Oo II-type clusters.
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Sterpione, Francois, Karine Mas, Mark G. Rippon, et al. "The clinical impact of hydro-responsive dressings in dynamic wound healing: Part II." Journal of Wound Care 31, no. 1 (2022): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2022.31.1.56.
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Objective: Over the course of a wound's healing trajectory, whether the wound is acute or hard-to-heal, management is likely to involve the use of several different dressing types. Minimising the complexity of treatment (in terms of dressing usage) would aid clinicians in providing effective wound care but excellent clinical outcomes must remain the primary goal. Method: This study was an open-labelled, non-comparative study assessing the clinical effectiveness of a coordinated wound dressing treatment regimen. After an initial phase of using a hydro-responsive wound dressing (HydroClean, HRWD-1, PAUL HARTMANN AG, Germany) to cleanse and debride hard-to-heal wounds, the wounds were subsequently treated with either HydroTac (HRWD-2, PAUL HARTMANN AG, Germany) (to maintain healing progression and re-epithelialisation) or RespoSorb (a superabsorbent dressing, PAUL HARTMANN AG, Germany) (to manage moderate-to-high levels of exudate). The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) assessment tool was used to measure the wound status over the course of the treatment period and to assess several wound status parameters (for example, wound area, exudate levels and wound characteristics such as level of re-epithelialisation). Results: The results from this study demonstrated that wounds treated with HRWD-2 showed a positive healing response when using the PUSH score assessment tool with a significant mean reduction (p<0.0001) in the PUSH score of wounds treated with HRWD-2, with >75% of wounds being closed by the end of the study. This result underlines the effectiveness of HRWD-2 in supporting healing progression. Conclusion: The results from this study support the coordinated use of HRWDs for the effective management and treatment of a variety of hard-to-heal wounds.
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ATAV, RIZA, AHMET ÖZGÜR AĞIRGAN, AYLIN YILDIZ, DERMAN VATANSEVER BAYRAMOL та UĞUR ERGÜNAY. "Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrıne with Fe3O4@HA@Ag Part II: Their use in the production of PVP nanowebs". Industria Textila 74, № 06 (2023): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.074.06.2022140.
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Humic acid is a material formed as a result of the degradation of animal and plant wastes, it cleans heavy metals which are industrial wastes that threaten both the environment and human health. In part I of this study, the Fe3O4@HA@Ag compound was synthesized, its inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin was prepared by using the kneading technique and obtained inclusion complexes were characterized. In this study, part II, nanowebs were formed from the inclusion of complex-containing polymer solution via the electrospinning method. The electrospinning solution consisted of β-CD:Fe3O4@HA@Ag inclusion complexes at the rate of 5%, 7.5% and 10% by weight and the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer as the carrier. The obtained nanoweb material was characterized by instrumental methods such as SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The results obtained from FTIR, XRD and TGA revealed that β-CD:Fe3O4@HA@Ag inclusion complexes containing nanowebs were successfully produced. The uniform fibre formation was detected from SEM images. The average fibre diameter of 5%, 7.5% and 10% β-CD:Fe3O4@HA@Ag inclusion complex containing nanowebs were measured to be 612.5 nm, 610.8 nm and 431.2 nm, respectively.
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Johnston, Evelyn J., Alfonso Aragón-Salamanca, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, et al. "Formation of S0s in extreme environments II: The star-formation histories of bulges, discs, and lenses." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (2020): 4193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2838.
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ABSTRACT Different processes have been proposed to explain the formation of S0s, including mergers, disc instabilities, and quenched spirals. These processes are expected to dominate in different environments, and thus leave characteristic footprints in the kinematics and stellar populations of the individual components within the galaxies. New techniques enable us to cleanly disentangle the kinematics and stellar populations of these components in IFU observations. In this paper, we use buddi to spectroscopically extract the light from the bulge, disc, and lens components within a sample of eight S0 galaxies in extreme environments observed with MUSE. While the spectra of bulges and discs in S0 galaxies have been separated before, this work is the first to isolate the spectra of lenses. Stellar populations analysis revealed that the bulges and lenses have generally similar or higher metallicities than the discs, and the α-enhancement of the bulges and discs are correlated, while those of the lenses are completely unconnected to either component. We conclude that the majority of the mass in these galaxies was built up early in the lifetime of the galaxy, with the bulges and discs forming from the same material through dissipational processes at high redshift. The lenses, on the other hand, formed over independent time-scales at more random times within the lifetime of the galaxy, possibly from evolved bars. The younger stellar populations and asymmetric features seen in the field S0s may indicate that these galaxies have been affected more by minor mergers than the cluster galaxies.
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Katz, Philip, Douglas Rex, Michael Epstein, Nav Grandhi, Vivian Alderfer, and Raymond Joseph. "Day-Before Administration of a Novel, Dual-Action, Low-Volume Bowel Cleanser for Colonoscopy: Efficacy and Safety Results from the SEE CLEAR II Study." American Journal of Gastroenterology 107 (October 2012): S746—S747. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201210001-01832.
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Barozzi, Marco, Sabrina Copelli, Eleonora Russo, et al. "Implementation of Magnetic Nanostructured Adsorbents for Heavy Metals Separation from Textile Wastewater." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811785.
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In the framework of sustainability, water shortages and water pollution are two important aspects to be considered. Proposing efficient and low-impact technologies is of paramount importance to promote circular economies associated with the use of water in the industrial context, especially in the textile industry. In this work, the application of a set of magnetic nanostructured adsorbents (MNAs) to cleanse metal ions from textile wastewaters was studied and analyzed. MNAs were generated with a low-cost process, involving iron (II/III) salts (e.g., chlorides), sodium or ammonium hydroxide solutions, and graphene oxide, obtained from graphite by a modified Hummers’ method at room temperature. The shape and the size were studied with transmission electron microscopy. Adsorbents were tested with different metal ions (e.g., copper, chromium (III), and nickel). Metal ion concentrations were analyzed by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and adsorption isotherms were characterized. From the results, the MNAs exhibited the capability of removing metal ions up to a yield of 99% for Cr3+, 94.7% for Cu2+, and 91.4% for Ni2+, along with adsorption loads up to 4.56 mg/g of MNAs.
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Putri, Rizky Amalia Prima. "Providing chest physiotherapy and pursed lip breathing to childern with acute respiratory tract infections." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 13, no. 3 (2024): 262–74. https://doi.org/10.30989/mik.v13i3.1361.
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Background: Acute respiratory infections are upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by various pathogens. Chest physiotherapy is an attempt to clear the airways and excess secretions. Pursed lip breathing helps control breathing with extended exhalation time.Objective: To analyze the differences between chest physiotherapy and pursed lip breathing on increased peak exhalation flow, oxygen saturation, and decreased degrees of shortness of breath.Methods: The type of research is qualitative, pre- and post-experimental research methods with static group comparison design using purposive sampling techniques. There were 48 respondents divided into two groups. Group I ARI patients were given chest physiotherapy, and Group II ARI patients were given pursed lip breathing, which was done in six weeks.Results: Paired Sample T Test (p=0,000) and Independent Sample T Test (p=0.027) Peak Expiration Flow, (p=0.049) Respiratory Rate, and (p=0.040) oxygen saturation. Results of study: There were significant differences between chest physiotherapy and pursed lip breathing regarding increased peak exhalation flow, oxygen saturation, and decreased degrees of breathing.Conclusion: Chest physiotherapy is quicker to help cleanse the airway and reduce complaints than pursed lip breathing, which the patient himself practices.
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Ulliana, Ulliana, Shinta Wijayanti S, Baby Prabowo Setyawati, and Winarno Winarno. "THE EFFECT OF JICAMA ON CHANGES IN SALIVA ORAL CAVITY." Jurnal Terapi Gigi dan Mulut 1, no. 2 (2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34011/jtgm.v1i2.915.
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Saliva is a complex fluid in maintaining healthy teeth and mouth. One of the ingredients based on local wisdom that can be used as a natural cleanser from plaque and debris on teeth is Jicama. Jicama has a very large content of water and fiber, Chewing Jicama can stimulate and increase salivation. This study aims to determine the effect of Jicama on changes saliva in the oral cavity.The type of research used is Quasi-Experimental using pre and post design with non control group design. The population of this study is all level II students of AKG Puskesad. The total sampling was 36 respondents. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis Tests.The results of the results of the analysis test of this study showed that the average pH value of saliva before and after chewing Jicama decreased with a value of 18.90 to 16.50 (p-value = 0.001), a saliva viscosity value of 18.00 to 0.00 (p-value = 0.001) and a buffer capacity value increased from a value of 12.00 to 12.55 (p-value = 0.001). The correlation test between saliva Ph and saliva viscosity obtained a value of r = 0.526 (p-value = 0.001). The Effect of Jicama on Changes in pH, Viscosity and Saliva buffer capacity.
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Squattrito, Philip J., Kelly J. Lambright-Mutthamsetty, Patrick A. Giolando, and Kristin Kirschbaum. "Crystal structures of two coordination isomers of copper(II) 4-sulfobenzoic acid hexahydrate and two mixed silver/potassium 4-sulfobenzoic acid salts." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 11 (2019): 1801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019014610.
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A reaction of copper(II) carbonate and potassium 4-sulfobenzoic acid in water acidified with hydrochloric acid yielded two crystalline products. Tetraaquabis(4-carboxybenzenesulfonato)copper(II) dihydrate, [Cu(O3SC6H4CO2H)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, (I), crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with the Cu2+ ions located on centers of inversion. Each copper ion is coordinated to four water molecules in a square plane with two sulfonate O atoms in the apical positions of a Jahn–Teller-distorted octahedron. The carboxylate group is protonated and not involved in coordination to the metal ions. The complexes pack so as to create a layered structure with alternating inorganic and organic domains. The packing is reinforced by several O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving coordinated and non-coordinated water molecules, the carboxylic acid group and the sulfonate group. Hexaaquacopper(II) 4-carboxybenzenesulfonate, [Cu(H2O)6](O3SC6H4CO2H)2, (II), also crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with Jahn–Teller-distorted octahedral copper(II) aqua complexes on the centers of inversion. As in (I), the carboxylate group on the anion is protonated and the structure consists of alternating layers of inorganic cations and organic anions linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds. A reaction of silver nitrate and potassium 4-sulfobenzoic acid in water also resulted in two distinct products that have been structurally characterized. An anhydrous silver potassium 4-carboxybenzenesulfonate salt, [Ag0.69K0.31](O3SC6H4CO2H), (III), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. There are two independent metal sites, one fully occupied by silver ions and the other showing a 62% K+/38% Ag+ (fixed) ratio, refined in two slightly different positions. The coordination environments of the metal ions are composed primarily of sulfonate O atoms, with some participation by the non-protonated carboxylate O atoms in the disordered site. As in the copper compounds, the cations and anions cleanly segregate into alternating layers. A hydrated mixed silver potassium 4-carboxybenzenesulfonate salt dihydrate, [Ag0.20K0.80](O3SC6H4CO2H)·2H2O, (IV), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the Ag+ and K+ ions sharing one unique metal site coordinated by two water molecules and six sulfonate O atoms. The packing in (IV) follows the dominant motif of alternating inorganic and organic layers. The protonated carboxylate groups do not interact with the cations directly, but do participate in hydrogen bonds with the coordinated water molecules. (IV) is isostructural with pure potassium 4-sulfobenzoic acid dihydrate.
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de Vries, Hylke, John Methven, Thomas H. A. Frame, and Brian J. Hoskins. "An Interpretation of Baroclinic Initial Value Problems: Results for Simple Basic States with Nonzero Interior PV Gradients." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 4 (2009): 864–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2774.1.
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Abstract In the Eady model, where the meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient is zero, perturbation energy growth can be partitioned cleanly into three mechanisms: (i) shear instability, (ii) resonance, and (iii) the Orr mechanism. Shear instability involves two-way interaction between Rossby edge waves on the ground and lid, resonance occurs as interior PV anomalies excite the edge waves, and the Orr mechanism involves only interior PV anomalies. These mechanisms have distinct implications for the structural and temporal linear evolution of perturbations. Here, a new framework is developed in which the same mechanisms can be distinguished for growth on basic states with nonzero interior PV gradients. It is further shown that the evolution from quite general initial conditions can be accurately described (peak error in perturbation total energy typically less than 10%) by a reduced system that involves only three Rossby wave components. Two of these are counterpropagating Rossby waves—that is, generalizations of the Rossby edge waves when the interior PV gradient is nonzero—whereas the other component depends on the structure of the initial condition and its PV is advected passively with the shear flow. In the cases considered, the three-component model outperforms approximate solutions based on truncating a modal or singular vector basis.
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Riyanto, Bambang, Dinamella Wahjuningrum, Wahyu Ramadhan, and Muhammad Umar Al-Faruqi. "Developing a standard for authenticating halal gelatine catfish skin: A study on the effect of periodization quarantine (istihalah) on gelatin quality in catfish fed with pig-contaminated feeds." Halal Studies and Society 1, no. 1 (2023): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/hass.1.1.20-23.
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The search for sustainable feed alternatives has led to exploring unconventional sources, including food waste, amidst the growing demand for halal gelatin, which has created a significant need for fish skin by-products. Therefore, this study aimed to authenticate the halal status of catfish skin gelatin by verifying feed origin and determining the contents of pig contaminants. Halal standard was verified using a specific DNA analysis of pig components, conducted at each stage, including feed containing pig, fish skin, and catfish gelatin. Gelatin in catfish skin was predominantly composed of amino acids glycine and proline, and fish enlargement stage which led to a skin yield of 5.36 ± 0.75%. Furthermore, the yields of gelatin were 8.67%, 9.94%, and 9.19%, with gel strengths of 133.4 ± 1.2, 129.9 ± 1.4, and 121.9 ± 2.8 bloom, respectively, for the different quarantine periods. The characterization of gelatin using FTIR showed the presence of functional groups, such as amide A, I, II, and III. Real-time PCR detected the presence of pig DNA in feed but not in catfish skin or gelatin. In conclusion, a quarantine period of 0 days for catfish fed pig-containing feed was sufficient to cleanse catfish skin of pig contaminants, with no indication of pig DNA being found.
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Hernández-Mayoral, Emmanuel, Manuel Madrigal-Martínez, Jesús D. Mina-Antonio, et al. "A Comprehensive Review on Power-Quality Issues, Optimization Techniques, and Control Strategies of Microgrid Based on Renewable Energy Sources." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129847.
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Microgrids (MGs) are systems that cleanly, efficiently, and economically integrate Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) to the electrical grid. They are capable of reducing transmission losses and improving the use of electricity and heat. However, RESs presents intermittent behavior derived from the stochastic nature of the renewable resources available on site. This can cause power-quality issues throughout the electrical grid, which can be solved by different optimization techniques and/or control strategies applied to power converters. This paper offers a detailed review of the literature regarding three important aspects: (i) Power-quality issues generated in MGs both in islanded mode and grid-connected mode; (ii) Optimization techniques used in the MGs to achieve the optimal operating conditions of the Energy Management System (EMS); and (iii) Control strategies implemented in the MGs to guarantee stability, mitigation of power-quality issues, power balance, and synchronization with the grid. It is worth mentioning that in this paper, we emphasize hybrid MGs (HMGs) since they combine the benefits of AC–MGs and DC–MGs while increasing system reliability. As the utility grid moves toward an optimal design of MG structures, this paper will serve as a foundation for future research, comparative analysis, and further development of novel techniques regarding HMGs.
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Taylor, Laurence J., Emma E. Lawson, David B. Cordes, et al. "Synthesis and Structural Studies of peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes with Tertiary Phosphine and Stibine Groups." Molecules 29, no. 8 (2024): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081841.
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Two mixed peri-substituted phosphine-chlorostibines, Acenap(PiPr2)(SbPhCl) and Acenap(PiPr2)(SbCl2) (Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl) reacted cleanly with Grignard reagents or nBuLi to give the corresponding tertiary phosphine-stibines Acenap(PiPr2)(SbRR’) (R, R’ = Me, iPr, nBu, Ph). In addition, the Pt(II) complex of the tertiary phosphine-stibine Acenap(PiPr2)(SbPh2) as well as the Mo(0) complex of Acenap(PiPr2)(SbMePh) were synthesised and characterised. Two of the phosphine-stibines and the two metal complexes were characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The peri-substituted species act as bidentate ligands through both P and Sb atoms, forming rather short Sb-metal bonds. The tertiary phosphine-stibines display through-space J(CP) couplings between the phosphorus atom and carbon atoms bonded directly to the Sb atom of up to 40 Hz. The sequestration of the P and Sb lone pairs results in much smaller corresponding J(CP) being observed in the metal complexes. QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules) and EDA-NOCV (Energy Decomposition Analysis employing Naturalised Orbitals for Chemical Valence) computational techniques were used to provide additional insight into a weak n(P)→σ*(Sb-C) intramolecular bonding interaction (pnictogen bond) in the phosphine-stibines.
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Harper, Graham M., Thomas R. Ayres, and Eamon O’Gorman. "The Wind Temperature and Mass-loss Rate of Arcturus (K1.5 III)." Astrophysical Journal 932, no. 1 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac69d6.
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Abstract In this paper we aim to constrain the wind temperature, outflow and turbulent velocities, ionization state, and mass-loss rate of the single red giant Arcturus (α Boo K1.5 III) using high spectral resolution Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph profiles of Si iii 1206.5 Å , O i 1304 Å and 1306 Å, C ii 1334 Å and 1335 Å, and Mg ii h 2802 Å. The use of the E140-H setting for α Boo allows the Si iii 1206.5 Å line to be cleanly extracted from the echelle format for the first time. The ratios of the wind optical depths of lines from different species constrain the temperature at the base of the wind to T wind ∼ 15,400 K. The mass-loss rate derived is 2.5 × 10−11 M ⊙ yr − 1 for Epoch 2018–2019, smaller than previous semiempirical estimates. These results can be reconciled with multiwavelength Very Large Array radio continuum fluxes for Epoch 2011–2012 by increasing the temperature to T wind ∼ 18,000 K, or increasing the mass-loss rate to 4.0 × 10−11 M ⊙ yr − 1 . Interpreting the wind acceleration and turbulence in terms of a steady WKB Alfvén wave–driven wind reveals that the wave energy damping length increases with increasing radius, opposite to the trend expected for ion-neutral damping of monochromatic waves, confirming a previous result by Kuin and Ahmad derived for ζ Aur binaries. This implies that a spectrum of waves is required in this framework with wave periods in the range of hours to days, consistent with the photospheric granulation timescale. Constraints on a radial magnetic field (B) at 1.2 R * are an upper limit of B ≤ 2 G from the implied wave heating, and B ≥ 0.3 G to avoid excessive wave amplitudes.
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Kunarti, Sri, Sukaton Sukaton, and Nadya Nathania. "The Number Of Lactobacillus acidophilus After Using Chlorhexidine 2%, Laser Diode (405 nm), And Combination Of Chlorhexidine 2% With Laser Diode (405 nm)." Conservative Dentistry Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v9i2.2019.77-81.
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Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is gram-positive bacteria that produces acids from carbohydrates and causing dental caries. Caries treatment is done by the cavitation of teeth which is preceded by cavity disinfection. The purpose of cavity disinfection is to kill microorganisms and reduce the risk of new carious lesions. Bacterial elimination can be done using chlorhexidine and laser. Chlorhexidine is widely used for cleaning cavities but cannot remove biofilms, tissue debris and has limited elimination of bacteria in the dentinal tubules. Another way to eliminate bacteria is using Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) which consists of photosensitizer and laser. Until now there has not been a single ingredient that is considered to cleanse the cavity thoroughly. There has been no research yet that examine the number of Lactobacillus acidophilus after using chlorhexidine 2%, laser diode (405 nm), and combination of 2% chlorhexidine with laser diode (405 nm). Objective: To compare the decreasing number of living Lactobacillus acidophilus after using chlorhexidine 2%, laser diode (405 nm), and combination of chlorhexidine 2% with laser diode (405 nm). Methods: A total of 24 samples of Lactobacillus acidophilus were divided into 4 groups: (I) chlorhexidine 2%, (II) chlorophyll photosensitizer and 75 seconds irradiation, (III) combination of chlorhexidine2%, chlorophyll photosensitizer, and 75 seconds irradiation. After treatment, the sample was incubated 48 hours and the colony count was calculated for each group. Results of the analysis were carried out by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests with p <0.05. Results: The average number of group colonies (I) was 35.33 CFU/ml, (II) 16.83 CFU/ml, (III) 9.5 CFU/ml, (IV) 123.33 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The combination of 2% chlorhexidine with diode laser (405 nm) gives the least amount of living Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria compared with the administration of 2% chlorhexidine and laser diode (405 nm).
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Lysenko, Oleksandr, Tetiana Zabolotna, Oleksandr Maievs'kyi, and Mark Baker (trans.). "Famine As an Instrument of Nazi Occupation Policy in Ukraine, 1941-44." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 8, no. 1 (2021): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus646.
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The article examines a range of questions tied to Nazi Germany’s socio-economic policies in occupied Ukraine during World War II. In line with implementing the General Plan “Ost,” the top leadership of the Third Reich intended to cleanse the “eastern territories” of its “superfluous” population for German colonization. As contained in the “Principles of Economic Policy in the East,” these directives provided for the physical extermination of tens of millions of people in various ways, as well as the deportation of part of the indigenous population to remote areas. Ukraine’s economic exploitation was built in such a way that it doomed the local urban and rural societies to a miserable, half-starved existence. The systematic seizure of food for the needs of the Wehrmacht, the Reich, and its allies made the death of the inhabitants of the occupied lands only a matter of time. The instrumentalization of terror by famine was manifested, on the one hand, by the creation of special structures that requisitioned food resources, and on the other by establishing norms of food supplies that were below the minimal needs for existence. As well, the strict regulation of trade set limits to the sources of food products that could be brought to the cities. This caused mass starvation. The deaths and the diseases that followed created hundreds of thousands of victims among Ukrainians.