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Journal articles on the topic 'Clearance seal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hur, Min-Seok, Seong-Won Moon, and Tong-Seop Kim. "A Study on the Leakage Characteristics of a Stepped Labyrinth Seal with a Ribbed Casing." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133719.

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A new type of stepped seal with a ribbed casing is proposed to efficiently reduce the leakage at the tips of turbine blades. The leakage characteristics of two different types of labyrinth seals (conventional seal vs. ribbed seal) were compared and analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a wide operating range of pressure ratios and clearances. The analysis showed that the ribbed seal has superior leakage performance to the conventional seal at all clearance sizes. With the same clearance size (S/H = 1.0), the flow function of the ribbed seal was approximately 21.5–42.6% less th

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2

Kaneko, Satoru, Takashi Ikeda, Takuro Saito, and Shin Ito. "Experimental Study on Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Liquid Annular Convergent-Tapered Damper Seals With Honeycomb Roughness Pattern." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 3 (2003): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1538621.

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Honeycomb damper seals with convergent-tapered clearance have been proposed to improve static and dynamic characteristics of liquid annular seals employed in pumps. Their characteristics are experimentally investigated and compared to those for a conventional straight (no taper) annular seal with smooth surface and a straight damper seal with identical honeycomb pattern in seal stator. Three convergent-tapered honeycomb damper seals are used in the test, and have different inlet clearance (maximum clearance) and almost the same outlet clearance (minimum clearance). Their outlet clearance is al

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3

Al-Qutub, Amro M., D. Elrod, and Hugh W. Coleman. "A New Friction Factor Model and Entrance Loss Coefficient for Honeycomb Annular Gas Seals." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 3 (1999): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555411.

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A new experimental friction factor model for a honeycomb surface was developed using a static seal tester. Three clearances and three lengths were tested for the seals, and Reynolds number ranged from 3000 to 49,000. It was found that the friction factor was a function of Reynolds number and seal clearance only. The clearance effect was dominant and the friction factor was found to increase with increased clearance. A new uncertainty analysis was developed for the experimental friction factor when calculating friction factor using Mach number curve fit. The entrance loss coefficient was found

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4

Shapiro, W., C. Lee, and H. Jones. "Analysis and Design of a Gas-Lubricated, Sectored, Floating Ring Seal." Journal of Tribology 110, no. 3 (1988): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261666.

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Helium buffered floating-ring seals used in cryogenic turbopumps are sujbect to large temperature variations, shaft centrifugal growth, and dynamic shaft excursions. To prevent dangerous contact friction over a wide range of operating conditions generally requires liberal clearances with consequent high leakage. Reduction of helium consumption translates into lower space vehicle helium storage requirements and thus increased payload. A hydrostatic sectored floating-ring seal is described with self-adjusting clearance capabilities that enables the seal to operate with small clearances over the

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5

Childs, D. W., and J. K. Scharrer. "Theory Versus Experiment for the Rotordynamic Coefficient of Labyrinth Gas Seals: Part II—A Comparison to Experiment." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 110, no. 3 (1988): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269514.

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An experimental test facility is used to measure the leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of teeth-on-rotor and teeth-on-stator labyrinth gas seals. The test results are presented along with the theoretically predicted values for the two seal configurations at three different radial clearances and shaft speeds to 16,000 cpm. The test results show that the theory accurately predicts the cross-coupled stiffness for both seal configurations and shows improvement in the prediction of the direct damping for the teeth-on-rotor seal. The theory fails to predict a decrease in the direct damping coeff

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6

Hawkins, Larry, Dara Childs, and Keith Hale. "Experimental Results for Labyrinth Gas Seals With Honeycomb Stators: Comparisons to Smooth-Stator Seals and Theoretical Predictions." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 1 (1989): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261867.

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Experimental measurements are presented for the rotordynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of a teeth-on-rotor labyrinth seal with a honeycomb stator. Inlet circumferential velocity, inlet pressure, rotor speed, and seal clearance are primary variables. Results are compared to (a) data for teeth-on-rotor labyrinth seals with smooth stators, and (b) analytical predictions from a two-control-volume compressible flow model. The experimental results show that the honeycomb-stator configuration is more stable than the smooth-stator configuration at low rotor speeds. At high rotor speeds, the s

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7

Childs, Dara W., Matthew Graviss, and Luis E. Rodriguez. "Influence of Groove Size on the Static and Rotordynamic Characteristics of Short, Laminar-Flow Annular Seals." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 2 (2007): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2647471.

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Test results are presented for a smooth seal and three centrally grooved seals that are representative of buffered-flow oil seals in centrifugal compressors. The seals are short (L∕D≅0.21), with a diameter of 117mm and a nominal radial clearance of 0.085mm, netting the clearance-to-radius ratio 0.0015. The grooves have groove depth to clearance ratios (Dg∕Cr) of 5, 10, and 15. Test conditions include three shaft speeds from 4000rpm to 10,000rpm, three inlet oil pressures from 24bar to 70bar, and seal eccentricity ratios from 0 (centered) to 0.7. Dynamic results include stiffness, damping, and

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8

Ping-guo, Zou, Zhang Zhen-tao, and Li Gang. "Research on the Influence of Steam Turbine Seal Leakage." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801014.

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CFD was employed to simulate the steam flow in 1.5-stage cascades with three different seal clearances. When the seal clearance is 0, there is no steam seal leakage, no obvious secondary flow in the cascade, and the stage efficiency reaches 88.27%. When the clearance of diaphragm seal and rotor tip seal is 1mm, the leakage of diaphragm seal strongly interferes with the flow in the cascade, which promotes the formation and development of the end-wall secondary flow near rotor hub, and the rotor tip leakage flow has little effect on next stage, and the stage efficiency drops by about 2 percentag

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9

Huang, Shou Qing, Shuang Fu Suo, Kai Bing Du, Yong Jian Li, and Yu Ming Wang. "Study on a Type of Low-Leakage Brush Seal Porous Media Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.345.

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Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to calculate the pressure, flow distributions and leakage of brush seal by using Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and two-dimensional axisymmetric anisotropic porous medium model. The leakage in brush seal with radial clearance has a marked increase compared with contact brush seal. The leakages of brush seal with different radial clearances have been investigated comparing contact brush seal. A type ofretaining ring structure has been employedto reduce the leakage on radial clearance condition. Also the disturbance effect of reta

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10

Ma, Dengqian, Jun Li, Yuanqiao Zhang, Zhigang Li, Xin Yan, and Liming Song. "Application of blade tip shroud brush seal to improve the aerodynamic performance of turbine stage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234, no. 6 (2019): 777–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919883153.

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The blade tip shroud brush seal is applied to replace the labyrinth seal for the aerodynamic performance improvement of turbine stage. The leakage flow characteristics of the brush seal are numerically predicted by using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and non-linear Darcian porous medium model. The numerical leakage flow rate of the brush seal is in well agreement with the experimental data. The last and first long teeth of the labyrinth seal were designed to bristle pack named as the postposed and preposed brush seals based on the 1.5 turbine stage. The leakage flow rate and ae

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11

Yang, Xiaolong, Guohong Wang, and Ruibo Zhang. "Magnetic Circuit Design and Magnetic Field Finite Element Analysis of Converging Stepped Magnetofluid Seal with Small Clearance." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4201891.

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The stepped magnetofluid seal is an effective method for improving the pressure ability of ordinary magnetofluid seals (OMS) with large clearance. At present, the research on stepped magnetofluid seal with less than 0.4 mm small clearance has not been carried out yet. The equivalent magnetic circuit design of converging stepped magnetofluid seal (CSMS) with small clearance has been carried out and verified by magnetic field finite element method based on the CSMS theory and magnetic circuit theory. The effects of the width of the axial seal position, the height of the radial seal position, the

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12

Liao, Haorui, Ning Li, Feng Gao, et al. "Effect of axial misalignment and tip clearance on the performance of double spiral seals." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0314912. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314912.

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The axial misalignment and tip clearance of the double spiral seals are important indexes affecting the sealing performance of the double spiral seals. In practical engineering applications, the sealing ability of double spiral seals is greatly affected by axial misalignment and tip clearance, and the coupling of assembly parameters and structural parameters of double spiral seals leads to the difficulty of seal design and use. A numerical model of spiral seals was established, and the velocity field, pressure field and critical sealing ability of double spiral seals were simulated and calcula

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13

Vance, J. M., and J. Li. "Test Results of a New Damper Seal for Vibration Reduction in Turbomachinery." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 4 (1996): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817004.

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A new type of labyrinth gas seal for damping vibration and whirl, called the TAMSEAL, has been evaluated in both nonrotating and rotating tests at Texas A&M University. Test results of the prototype, along with comparison tests of a conventional labyrinth seal, show up to 100 times more direct damping than the conventional bladed seal. The new design also has a feature that blocks swirl of the working fluid, which is known to be rotordynamically destabilizing in machines with conventional seals. Coastdown tests of the new seal were conducted at various pressures on a rotordynamic test appa

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14

Kaszowski, Paweł, Marek Dzida, and Piotr Krzyślak. "Calculations of labyrinth seals with and without diagnostic extraction in fluid-flow machines." Polish Maritime Research 20, no. 4 (2013): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0038.

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ABSTRACT Labyrinth seals are essential components of steam turbine unit constructions. Two types of labyrinth seals can be named, the first of which is the seal without diagnostic steam extraction, and the second - with extraction. The distribution of flow parameters along the packing is affected remarkably by the average seal clearance. The presence of diagnostic extraction leads to the equation system which is determinable and can be inversed to calculate the average seal clearance Si. Analysing the obtained results leads to the conclusion that the information about this parameter provides o

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15

Rhode, D. L., and R. I. Hibbs. "Clearance Effects on Corresponding Annular and Labyrinth Seal Flow Leakage Characteristics." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 4 (1993): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2921696.

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A previous Navier-Stokes finite difference computer code is extended in order to compute seal leakage directly from given upstream and downstream reservoir pressures. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with previous measurements, the discrepancy being less than eight percent. Annular seals are found to leak approximately twenty percent more than corresponding labyrinths over the entire range of realistic clearance. A rather unexpected finding is that a dramatic increase of swirl velocity occurs near the discharge of small-clearance annular seals, which does not arise in correspon

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16

Yu, G. B., B. Dai, L. Huang, J. F. Nie, and Y. Zhao. "No-Contact Hydraulic Dynamic Seal Characteristic Study Base on CFD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.612.

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Non-contact hydraulic seal (clearance seal) reduce the leakage by the small clearance between the seal. Non-contact hydraulic seal is the simplest form of a seal. The sealing effect depends on the size of the clearance and pressure difference, the length and parts of the sealing surface quality. Among them, the clearance size of the greatest impact on the sealing performance. The hydraulic systems sealing mathematical and CFD model are built in this paper. Studies have shown that eccentricity ratio, seal clearance and pressure are has impact to hydraulic force and leakage. It should be conside

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17

Childs, Dara W., Luis E. Rodriguez, Vito Cullotta, Adnan Al-Ghasem, and Matthew Graviss. "Rotordynamic-Coefficients and Static (Equilibrium Loci and Leakage) Characteristics for Short, Laminar-flow Annular Seals." Journal of Tribology 128, no. 2 (2005): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2164468.

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Test results are presented for laminar-flow seals that are representative of buffered-flow oil seals in centrifugal compressors. The seals are short (L∕D≅0.21), with a diameter of 117mm and a clearance-to-radius ratio 0.0007. A smooth seal, a seal with one central groove, and a seal with three grooves were tested. Groove geometries employed are representative of industrial practice for compressors with a groove-depth to clearance ratio on the order of 6. Tests were conducted at 4000, 7000, and 10,000rpm shaft speed with delta pressures across the seals of 21, 45, and 69bars. For all cases, the

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18

Cao, Hao, Wanfu Zhang, Lu Yin, and Li Yang. "Numerical Study of Leakage and Rotordynamic Performance of Staggered Labyrinth Seals Working with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Shock and Vibration 2022 (January 20, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3896212.

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The numerical model of a staggered labyrinth seal working with supercritical carbon dioxide (S–CO2) is established. The dynamic and static characteristics of the staggered labyrinth seal for different axial shifting distances of the rotor, various cavity geometries (heights/widths of the rotor convex plate, heights of the seal cavity), and seal clearances were investigated and compared with the conventional see-through labyrinth seal. The results show that the effective damping coefficient (Ceff) with positive axial shifting distance is higher than that with negative axial shifting distance. W

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19

Lu, Bin, Haijun Xuan, Xiaojian Ma, Fangjun Han, Weirong Hong, and Shaoqiang Zhi. "The Influence of the Axial Rub Added in the Radial Rub on the Wear of the Seal Fins during the High Speed Rub of Labyrinth-Honeycomb Seal." Materials 14, no. 8 (2021): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081997.

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Labyrinth-honeycomb seals are a state-of-the-art sealing technology commonly used in aero-engine interstage seal. The undesirable severe rub between the seal fins and the honeycomb due to the clearance change may induce the cracking of the seal fins. A pervious study investigated the wear of the seal fins at different radial incursion rates. However, due to the axial thrust and mounting clearance, the axial rub between the seal fins and the honeycomb may occur. Hence, this paper focuses on the influence of the axial rub added in the radial rub on the wear of the seal fins. The rub tests result

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20

Laos, Hector E., John M. Vance, and Steven E. Buchanan. "Hybrid Brush Pocket Damper Seals for Turbomachinery." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 2 (2000): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483211.

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Pocket damper seals perform a dual function: both sealing the pressurized gas around a rotating shaft and providing large amounts of vibration damping. The annular cavity between the labyrinth seal teeth is subdivided into separate annular cavities around the circumference of the rotor by partitioning walls. Also, the upstream and downstream teeth have different radial clearances to the rotor. These seals have been shown to provide a remarkable amount of direct damping to attenuate vibration in turbomachinery, but they generally leak more than conventional labyrinth seals if both seals have th

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21

Ivanov, A. V. "DYNAMICS OF ROCKET ENGINE TURBOPUMP TURBINE SEAL CLEARANCE CHANGES." Journal of Dynamics and Vibroacoustics 8, no. 3 (2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2409-4579-2022-8-3-31-41.

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The article considers changes of liquid rocket engine turbopump turbine seal clearance. During operation. significant change in clearance occurs in comparison with the clearance between rotor and stator seal elements during assembly. The current approach does not involve taking into account the effect of turbine seal clearance changing to the unit parameters and characteristics during design. The report presents an approach to the analysis of seal clearance change, depending by turbopump and engine operating mode.

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22

Li, Shuangqing, and J. B. Shung. "Geometry and Pressure in a Trochoidal-Type Machine Without Apex Seal." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 2 (1996): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826871.

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In a trochoidal-type machine, the friction and wear due to the apex seal is a major problem. In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of this type of machine, we propose to replace the apex seals by tight running clearances. A peritrochoid with its special conjugate envelope is a good candidate for a trochoidal-type machine without apex seal. This paper presents its geometry attributes and pressure processes inside the pockets. First, the coordinates of contact point and pocket volumes at any shaft angle are derived. Then, the pressure processes inside the pockets are simulated with

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23

Sun, Dan, Sheng-Yuan Li, Huan Zhao, and Cheng-Wei Fei. "Numerical Investigation on Static and Rotor-Dynamic Characteristics of Convergent-Tapered and Divergent-Tapered Hole-Pattern Gas Damper Seals." Materials 12, no. 14 (2019): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142324.

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To study the influence of taper seal clearance on the static and rotor-dynamic characteristics of hole-pattern damper seals, this paper develops three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamic methods, which comprise single-frequency and multi-frequency elliptical orbit whirl model, by the transient solution combined with a mesh deformation technique. Through the investigations, it is illustrated that: (1) In the present paper, the leakage rates of convergent-tapered hole-pattern damper seals are less than divergent-tapered hole-pattern damper seals for the same average seal clearance,

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24

Villasmil, Larry A., Dara W. Childs, and Hamn-Ching Chen. "Understanding Friction Factor Behavior in Liquid Annular Seals With Deliberately Roughened Surfaces." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 1 (2005): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1828071.

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Multistage centrifugal pumps and compressors are among the most widely used pieces of rotating machinery in industry. A typical application demands the arrangement of several impellers or wheels mounted on a shaft that spins within a stationary case. Annular seals are the most common sealing devices used in this type of machinery. The annular seal design affects both (i) machinery performance in terms of energy conversion efficiency, and (ii) stability due to the interaction within the rotor and the stator through the fluid flow within the seals. Traditionally, the “bulk-flow” theory due to Hi

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25

Jahn, Ingo HJ. "Design approach for maximising contacting filament seal performance retention." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 5 (2014): 926–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214541433.

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Good sealing is a key requirement for modern efficient turbomachinery such as steam and gas turbines. A class of seals that promise better performance, compared to conventional labyrinth seals, are contacting filament seals such as brush, leaf, or finger seal. When new, these filament seals offer better performance; however, if poorly designed they wear excessively, resulting in leakages higher than a comparable labyrinth seal. This paper outlines a design methodology for selecting ideal contacting filament seal properties for a given operating cycle or set of operating cycles. Following this

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26

Yang, Dong Ya, Zhen Ning Lei, Jun Gong, Gui Gao, and Qin Fan Ma. "Research on the Clearance Seal in Stirling Refrigerator." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.54.

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The regenerator of Stirling refrigerator is normally installed a contact sliding sealing ring, but if the sliding sealing ring working hour is overlong, it would cause wear heavily, and reduce the service life. This paper focus on resolving this problem: use a clearance seal device, which without leakage under the high pressure test, instead of the sliding sealing device. Meanwhile, use the clearance seal device would eliminate contact wear which would cause the leakage losses. Therefore it is fairly important to establish a theoretical model to imitate leakage process in the clearance seal de

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27

Joachimiak, Damian, and Andrzej Frąckowiak. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Gas Flow in the Axisymmetric Radial Clearance." Energies 13, no. 21 (2020): 5794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215794.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of the gas flow in the axisymmetric mini gap bounded by the surface of the top of the labyrinth seal tooth and the surface of the body. It includes the results of experimental research and numerical calculations. Experimental research focused on the analysis of gas flow for six clearance heights in a wide range of pressure drops. Based on this research, we determined the mass flow in the clearance. Using the Saint-Venant equation, we determined the flow coefficient versus the pressure ratio upstream and downstream from the seal. Flow coefficients for various

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28

Joachimiak, Damian. "Novel Method of the Seal Aerodynamic Design to Reduce Leakage by Matching the Seal Geometry to Flow Conditions." Energies 14, no. 23 (2021): 7880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237880.

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This paper presents a novel method of labyrinth seals design. This method is based on CFD calculations and consists in the analysis of the phenomenon of gas kinetic energy carry-over in the seal chambers between clearances. The design method is presented in two variants. The first variant is designed for seals for which it is impossible to change their external dimensions (length and height). The second variant enables designing the seal geometry without changing the seal length and with a slight change of the seal height. Apart from the optimal distribution of teeth, this variant provides for

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29

Wei, Yuan, Earl H. Dowell, and Zhaobo Chen. "Numerical Prediction of Impact of Clearance on Rotordynamic Coefficients for Labyrinth Brush Seal." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 36, no. 1 (2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0065.

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Abstract The clearance has an obvious influence on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush seals. In order to better know the influence of brush seal on the stability of the rotor bearing system, the rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth brush seal under different clearance cases and operating conditions are numerically analyzed using CFD RANS solutions coupling with a non-Darcian porous medium model. The results show that at the same geometry parameter the radial force and tangential force will increase when the pressure ratio rises. And when the clearance increases, the direct stiffness d

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30

Ransom, David, Jiming Li, Luis San Andre´s, and John Vance. "Experimental Force Coefficients for a Two-Bladed Labyrinth Seal and a Four-Pocket Damper Seal." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 2 (1999): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833949.

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Experiments are presented to identify the stiffness and damping force coefficients of a two-blade, teeth on stator labyrinth seal with diverging clearance and its modified version as a four-pocket gas damper seal. The seals were tested without journal rotation and at rotor speeds of 1500 rpm and 3000 rpm for seal supply to ambient pressure ratios ranging from 1 to 3. Calibrated impact loads excite a flexibly supported housing holding rigidly the test seal. The impact loads and seal displacement and acceleration time responses are measured and recorded as frequency spectra. The instrumental var

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31

Park, Youngjun, Gwanghee Hong, Sanghyun Jun, et al. "Thermo-Fluid–Structural Coupled Analysis of a Mechanical Seal in Extended Loss of AC Power of a Reactor Coolant Pump." Lubricants 12, no. 6 (2024): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060212.

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We proposed a numerical method to investigate the thermo-fluid–structural coupled characteristics of a mechanical seal of a reactor coolant pump (RCP), especially during extended loss of AC power (ELAP) operation. We developed a finite element program for the general Reynolds equation, including the turbulence effect to calculate the pressure, opening force, and leakage rate of fluid lubricant and the two-dimensional energy equation to calculate the temperature distribution of the fluid lubricant. We verified the accuracy of the developed program by comparing the simulated temperature distribu

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32

Subramanian, Sivakumar, AS Sekhar, and BVSSS Prasad. "On the choice of initial clearance and prediction of leakage flow rate for a rotating gas turbine seal." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 10 (2015): 1586–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215581692.

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The present work proposes a design procedure along with guidelines for the choice of initial clearance of a typical rotating gas turbine seal in a secondary air system. The basis for the design is to prevent seal rubbing against stator, by ensuring that the centrifugal and thermal growths of the seal are within the safe operating limits. As a case study, a six-tooth straight-through rotating labyrinth seal configuration is considered with wide ranging seal parameters, namely the seal inner radius (25–700 mm), speed (1000–5000 rad/s), temperature (200–650 ℃) and pressure ratio (1.1–2.5). By mea

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33

Munir, Umair, Muhammad Kamran, Asad Shah, Muhammad Farhan, and Zahid Anwar. "CFD methodology for simulating pumping loss from displacer and piston seals of free piston Stirling engine." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200408295m.

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A new axisymmetric CFD model capable of describing pumping loss is proposed for free piston Stirling engine (FPSE). Inclusion of clearance seals, bounce space, heater, cooler and regenerator in a single model is the unique strength of this work. For transient simulation of engine, dynamic mesh was utilized for catering needs of moving boundaries. The model was validated with 12.5 kW component test power converter (CTPC) and successfully predicted indicated power, efficiency, pressure amplitude, pressure drop, and gas temperature in expansion and compression space at different piston amplitudes

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34

Du, Qiuwan, and Di Zhang. "Numerical Investigation on Flow Characteristics and Aerodynamic Performance of a 1.5-Stage SCO2 Axial-Inflow Turbine with Labyrinth Seals." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010373.

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The leakage problem of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) axial-inflow turbine brings great challenges to the efficiency and security of the power system. Labyrinth seals are usually utilized to improve the leakage characteristics of the blade tip. In this paper, a 1.5-stage SCO2 axial-inflow turbine is established and labyrinth seals are arranged on the top of the first stage stator and rotor blades. The effects of seal clearance, groove on seal cavity surface and circle groove shape on flow characteristics and aerodynamic performance under different pressure ratio are investigated. Increasi

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35

Nielsen, Annette E., Christoph W. Moll, and Stephan Staudacher. "Modeling and Validation of the Thermal Effects on Gas Turbine Transients." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 3 (2005): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1850495.

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Secondary effects, such as heat transfer from fluid to engine structure and the resulting changes in tip and seal clearances affect component performance and stability. A tip clearance model to be used in transient synthesis codes has been developed. The tip clearance model is derived as a state space structure. The model parameters have been identified from thermomechanical finite element models. The model calculates symmetric rotor tip clearance changes in the turbomachinery and symmetric seal clearance changes in the secondary air system for engine transients within the entire flight envelo

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36

Childs, D., D. Elrod, and K. Hale. "Annular Honeycomb Seals: Test Results for Leakage and Rotordynamic Coefficients; Comparisons to Labyrinth and Smooth Configurations." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 2 (1989): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261911.

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Test results are presented for leakage and rotordynamic coefficients for seven honeycomb seals. All seals have the same radius, length, and clearance; however, the cell depths and diameters are varied. Rotordynamic data, which are presented, consist of the direct and cross-coupled stiffness coefficients and the direct damping coefficients. The rotordynamic-coefficient data show a considerable sensitivity to changes in cell dimensions; however, no clear trends are identifiable. Comparisons of test data for the honeycomb seals with labyrinth and smooth annular seals shows the honeycomb seal had

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Yang, Xiaolong, Yunyun Song, Peng Sun, and You Li. "Design and Experimental Study on Divergent Magnetic Fluid Seal with Large Clearance and Dual Magnetic Sources." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (January 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4637689.

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In order to solve the leakage problem of rotating machinery under the condition of large clearance, a new type of divergent magnetic fluid sealing device with secondary magnetic source was designed. The magnetic field distribution in the clearance of the magnetic fluid seal was simulated by the finite element method of magnetic field, and the theoretical value of the sealing pressure resistance was calculated according to the pressure resistance theory of the divergent magnetic fluid seal. The influences of the volume of magnetic fluid injection, the number of teeth, the clearance, and the ecc

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38

Shevchenko, S., and O. Shevchenko. "Improvement of Reliability and Ecological Safety of NPP Reactor Coolant Pump Seals." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 4(88) (December 11, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2020.4(88).06.

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The paper presents the analysis of existing designs of NPP reactor coolant pumps (RCP) rotor sealing systems. The most common design solutions of sealing units that provide the necessary tightness, reliability and service life under high pressure, temperature and sliding speeds typical for RCP, as well as trends for their improvement to increase tightness and environmental safety of activities were identified. Designs of impulse seals with a self-adjusting clearance are presented as the most promising assemblies for sealing pump shafts with high parameters. A computer model of impulse me

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Lu, Bin, Xiaojian Ma, Caiguang Wu, Haijun Xuan, and Weirong Hong. "The Wear of Seal Fins during High-Speed Rub between Labyrinth Seal Fins and Honeycomb Stators at Different Incursion Rates." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040979.

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Labyrinth seals as a noncontact sealing technology are widely used in aero-engine. To improve the efficiency of the aero-engine, the clearance between the rotor and stator must be as small as possible. However, the change of the clearance between the rotor and stator because of thermal expansion, vibration, mechanical loading may lead to undesirable high-speed rub, which will lead to the cracking of the seal fins. This paper focuses on the wear of the seal fin after the rub and presents the rubbing tests between seal fins and the metal honeycomb under rubbing speed of 380 m/s and incursion rat

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Zhong, Chao, Lulu Zhai, Jia Guo, Baoling Cui, and Guoyou Chen. "Static Characteristics and Leakage Rates of Smooth Annular Seals Based on a New Solution Method for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (2021): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050523.

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This paper proposes a new solution method for the leakage and static characteristics of smooth annular seal under a homogeneous gas-liquid two-phase flow based on a bulk-flow model. In this solution method, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is introduced into the governing equations to describe the behavior of bubbles considering mixture compressibility. Detailed comparisons between Childs’ experimental leakage rates and predicted ones based on the proposed method are conducted, and the predicted results show good agreement with the experimental results, with a maximum error of 11.2%. Moreover, st

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Mammar, Lahouari, Yahiaoui Tayeb, Omar Ladjedel, and Ondřej Šikula. "Fluid Thermal Effect on Non-contacting Labyrinth Seal of 20 MW Steam Turbine." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 1 (2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.14176.

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This paper is divided into two parts; the first describes a CFD analysis of a gland packing labyrinth seals in 20 MW steam turbine in LNG plant using ANSYS CFX code as an isothermal simulation in fluid domain. The results of two turbulence models k-ε and k-ω SST are compared and validated against experimental data. It is shown that the labyrinth seal leakage is proportional to the clearance cube so any variation in clearance can have a significant impact on the steam leakage. This clearance between the shaft and the labyrinth seal vary as a function of operating temperature due to the differen

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42

Zheng, Xiao Qing, Bill la Pointe, and Steve Sciutto. "Non-Contacting Carbon Seal for High-Temperature and Large-Diameter Turbomachinery Applications." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.262.

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Non-contacting circumferential segmented hydrodynamic carbon seals have been used in aviation engines to seal lubrication oil from air flow path in bearing locations. Its tight clearance and long life from non-contacting operation are attractive to large gas turbine and steam turbine where efficiency is critical. In this paper, development of segmented carbon seals for large turbomachine is presented. The seal is targeting locations where temperature is over 500C (930F) and rotor diameter is over 0.38 meter (15 inches). Comparing to current circumferential segmented carbon seal technology, the

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Langston, Lee S. "PALS - An Auspicious New Gas Turbine Seal." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 03 (2016): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-mar-5.

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This article highlights various aspects of a new gas turbine shaft seal called the pressure activated leaf seal (PALS). The paper in detail discusses the architecture and working of a gas turbine seal. PALS is designed to use changing pressure drop forces across the seal to eliminate rub. The seal elements stay clear of the rotor seal surface during start-up and shutdown transients, and subsequently close to a small, non-contacting, steady-state running clearance. During start-up or shutdown, when the axial pressure difference across PALS is small, the leaves are in a relaxed open position, pr

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Dadkhah, S., A. B. Turner, and J. W. Chew. "Performance of Radial Clearance Rim Seals in Upstream and Downstream Rotor–Stator Wheelspaces." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 2 (1992): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929163.

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A new experimental facility for the investigation of rim sealing is described and measurements are presented for two representative radial clearance seals with a nominally axisymmetric external flow. One radial seal has an upward rotor lip and is upstream of the rotor, while the other has an upward stator lip and is downstream of the rotor. Measurements include surface pressures, tangential velocities in the core region of the disk cavity flow, and traverses of gas concentration in the cavity showing the distribution of mainstream ingestion. Tests were conducted at rotational Reynolds numbers

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Перевезенцев, Виктор, Viktor Perevezentsev, Максим Шилин, and Maksim Shilin. "Improving the design of the seal gaps in the flow of the pumping unit GTK-10-4." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 1 (2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22746.

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Describes the methods of modernization seal the radial clearance of the gas turbine by using the honeycomb structure at the periphery of the wheel. Discusses the gas-dynamic and thermal engineering problems using honeycomb seals in turbomachinery.

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Kaneko, S. "Application of Porous Materials to Annular Plain Seals: Part 1—Static Characteristics." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 4 (1989): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261991.

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Porous materials are applied to the annular plain seals employed in pumps by insertion into the inlet part of the seal. The static characteristics of the seals with the porous materials are studied in the laminar-flow regime. The Reynolds equation for the fluid film in the seal clearance is modified to include a so-called filter term, and the pressure equation for the porous matrix is obtained from Darcy’s law and the continuity equation. These equations are applied to the system and are numerically solved with the pressure drop mainly due to the axial acceleration of liquid at the inlet end o

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Fu, Shu Guang, Ji Xian Deng, and Shao Wei Lu. "Study of Pressure Compensation Variable Clearance Seal Hydraulic Cylinder." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1417.

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Aimed at the characteristic that the leakage of constant clearance seal hydraulic cylinder increases with the pressure escalating, the paper proposed a kind of pressure compensation variable clearance seal hydraulic cylinder based on the metal elastic-plastic theory and the study of clearance seal. The paper analyzed the deformation mechanism and deduced the calculation formula of the deformation. It also had a simulation study of the deformation of the piston lip. By experiment, it gained the variation law of the leakage changing with the pressure changing. Test results showed that, the defor

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Chew, J. W. "A Theoretical Study of Ingress for Shrouded Rotating Disk Systems With Radial Outflow." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 1 (1991): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927742.

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Sealing of the cavity formed between a stationary disk and a rotating disk under axisymmetric conditions is considered. A mathematical model of the flow in the cavity based on momentum integral methods is described and this is coupled to a simple model of the seal for the case when no ingress occurs. Predictions of the minimum imposed flow required to prevent ingress are obtained and shown to be in reasonable agreement with the data of Bayley and Owen (1970), Owen and Phadke (1980), Phadke (1982), and Phadke and Owen (1983a, 1983b, 1988). With an empirical constant in the model chosen to match

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Gamal, Ahmed M., Bugra H. Ertas, and John M. Vance. "High-Pressure Pocket Damper Seals: Leakage Rates and Cavity Pressures." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 4 (2006): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2720871.

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The turbomachinery component of interest in this paper, the pocket damper seal, has the dual purpose of limiting leakage and providing an additional source of damping at the seal location. The rotordynamic coefficients of these seals (primarily the direct stiffness and damping) are highly dependent on the leakage rates through the seals and the pressures in the seals’ cavities. This paper presents both numerical predictions and experimentally obtained results for the leakage and the cavity pressures of pocket damper seals operating at high pressures. The seals were tested with air, at pressure

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50

Rijal, Mamata, Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, Hari Prasad Neopane, and Sailesh Chitrakar. "Numerical study on the optimal design of straight-through labyrinth seals for minimum leakage loss of Francis turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1411, no. 1 (2024): 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1411/1/012056.

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Abstract Labyrinth seals are important non-contact seals in Francis turbine. They help to reduce leakage flow from high to low-pressure regions. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of labyrinth seals providing more difference in pressure and minimum leakage flow. The 3-dimensional numerical models were built in one of the CAD software. The meshing and the simulation of the different designs of unilateral and bilateral labyrinth seals were done in ANSYS Workbench. ANSYS CFX has been used as a flow solver for steady-state flow analysis with water as a working fluid. The geometries of sea

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