Journal articles: 'Clearing efficiency'

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Han, Qi Long, Zuo Ming Zhu, and Zhi Yong Huang. "Selection and Optimization of Main Process Parameters in High Pressure Waterjet Clearing HTPB Propellant." Advanced Materials Research 681 (April 2013): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.681.164.

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In order to ensure safety and efficiency in high pressure waterjet clearing HTPB propellant, the lower limit of outlet pressure was determined as 60MPa according to the compressive strength of HTPB propellant and the upper limit of outlet pressure was determined as 100MPa through ignition mode analysis and temperature rise experiment. Based on the corresponding empirical formula, the optimal target distance under different outlet pressure was calculated. Through the small size propellant clearing experiments, the main process parameters in high pressure waterjet clearing HTPB propellant were optimized. The optimal processing conditions of safe clearing are 100MPa for outlet pressure, 30mm for target distance, 0.25mm for nozzle diameter, 15minutes for single clearing time and thus the corresponding mass loss and clearing efficiency are 263.3g and 17.55g/min respectively.

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Bergeron, Raymond J., Jan Wiegand, James S. McManis, Jörg Bussenius, Richard E. Smith, and William R. Weimar. "Methoxylation of Desazadesferrithiocin Analogues: Enhanced Iron Clearing Efficiency." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 46, no. 8 (April 2003): 1470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm020412d.

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Ellis, C. R., J. W. Pomeroy, T. Brown, and J. MacDonald. "Simulation of snow accumulation and melt in needleleaf forest environments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 14, 2010): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-925-2010.

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Abstract. Drawing upon numerous field studies and modelling exercises of snow processes, the Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) was developed to simulate the four season hydrological cycle in cold regions. CRHM includes modules describing radiative, turbulent and conductive energy exchanges to snow in open and forest environments, as well as account for losses from canopy snow sublimation and rain evaporation. Due to the physical-basis and rigorous testing of each module, there is a minimal need for model calibration. To evaluate CRHM, simulations of snow accumulation and melt were compared to observations collected at paired forest and clearing sites of varying latitude, elevation, forest cover density, and climate. Overall, results show that CRHM is capable of characterising the variation in snow accumulation between forest and clearing sites, achieving a model efficiency of 0.51 for simulations at individual sites. Simulations of canopy sublimation losses slightly overestimated observed losses from a weighed cut tree, having a model efficiency of 0.41 for daily losses. Good model performance was demonstrated in simulating energy fluxes to snow at the clearings, but results were degraded from this under forest cover due to errors in simulating sub-canopy net longwave radiation. However, expressed as cumulative energy to snow over the winter, simulated values were 96% and 98% of that observed at the forest and clearing sites, respectively. Overall, the good representation of the substantial variations in mass and energy between forest and clearing sites suggests that CRHM may be useful as an analytical or predictive tool for snow processes in needleleaf forest environments.

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Березин, К. В., К. Н. Дворецкий, М. Л. Чернавина, В. В. Нечаев, А. М. Лихтер, И. Т. Шагаутдинова, E. M. Aнтонова, and В. В. Тучин. "Оптическое просветление кожи человека in vivo рядом моносахаридов." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 8 (2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.08.48051.29-19.

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AbstractWe present the results of in vivo optical immersion clearing of human skin by aqueous solutions of some immersion agents (ribose, glucose, and fructose monosaccharides and glycerol), obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT). To assess the efficiency of optical clearing, we determined the values of the rate of change of the light scattering coefficient, obtained using the averaged A-scan of the OCT signal in the derma section at a depth of 350–700 μm. A good correlation was observed between the rate of change of the light scattering coefficient and the potential of the optical clearing. Using complex molecular simulation of the interaction of a number of immersion clearing agents with collagen mimetic peptide (GPH)_3 using classical molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, we found correlations between the efficiency of optical clearing and the energy of intermolecular interaction of cleaning agents with a fragment of collagen peptide.

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Hollinger, Geoffrey, Sanjiv Singh, and Athanasios Kehagias. "Improving the Efficiency of Clearing with Multi-agent Teams." International Journal of Robotics Research 29, no. 8 (May 4, 2010): 1088–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364910369949.

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Ellis, C. R., J. W. Pomeroy, T. Brown, and J. MacDonald. "Simulation of snow accumulation and melt in needleleaf forest environments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 1033–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1033-2010.

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Abstract. Drawing upon numerous field studies and modelling exercises of snow processes, the Cold Regions Hydrological Model (CRHM) was developed to simulate the four season hydrological cycle in cold regions. CRHM includes modules describing radiative, turbulent and conductive energy exchanges to snow in forest and open environments, as well as provide account for losses from canopy snow sublimation and rain evaporation. Due to the physical-basis and rigorous testing of each module, there is a minimal need for model calibration. To evaluate CRHM, simulations of snow accumulation and melt were compared to observations collected at paired forest and clearing sites of varying latitude, elevation, forest cover density, and climate. Overall, results show that CRHM is capable of characterising the variation of snow accumulation between forest and open sites, achieving a model efficiency of 0.57, with the lowest efficiencies at the forest sites. Simulations of canopy sublimation losses slightly overestimated observed losses from a weighed cut tree, giving a model efficiency of 0.41 for daily losses. Good model performance was demonstrated in simulating energy fluxes to snow at the clearings, but performance was degraded from this under forest canopies due to errors in simulating daily net longwave radiation. However, expressed as cumulative energy to snow over the winter, simulated values were 96% and 98% of that observed at forest and clearing sites, respectively. Overall, good model prediction of the substantial variations in mass and energy between forest and clearing sites suggests that CRHM may be useful as an analytical or predictive tool for snow processes in needleleaf forests.

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Kim, Min Sun, Jang Ho Ahn, Ji Eun Mo, Ha Young Song, Deokhyeon Cheon, Seong Ho Yoo, and Hyung Jin Choi. "Optimizing tissue clearing and imaging methods for human brain tissue." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 3 (March 2021): 030006052110017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211001729.

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Objectives To identify optimum sample conditions for human brains, we compared the clearing efficiency, antibody staining efficiency, and artifacts between fresh and cadaver samples. Methods Fresh and cadaver samples were cleared using X-CLARITY™. Clearing efficiency and artifact levels were calculated using ImageJ, and antibody staining efficiency was evaluated after confocal microscopy imaging. Three staining methods were compared: 4-day staining (4DS), 11-day staining (11DS), and 4-day staining with a commercial kit (4DS-C). The optimum staining method was then selected by evaluating staining time, depth, method complexity, contamination, and cost. Results Fresh samples outperformed cadaver samples in terms of the time and quality of clearing, artifacts, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining efficiency, but had a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining efficiency that was similar to that of cadaver samples. The penetration depth and DAPI staining improved in fresh samples as the incubation period lengthened. 4DS-C was the best method, with the deepest penetration. Human brain images containing blood vessels, cell nuclei, and astrocytes were visualized three-dimensionally. The chemical dye staining depth reached 800 µm and immunostaining depth exceeded 200 µm in 4 days. Conclusions We present optimized sample preparation and staining protocols for the visualization of three-dimensional macrostructure in the human brain.

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Gómez, D., A. J. Aguirre, X. Lizaur, M. Lorda, and J. L. Remón. "Evolution of argoma shrubland (Ulex gallii Planch.) after clearing and burning treatments in Sierra de Aralar and Belate (Navarra)." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3747.

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Shrub encroachment is considered one of the greatest threats in the conservation of pastures, especially in abandoned territories and territories with low stocking density. However, in the Navarra Pyrenees and Basque mountains, with a high stocking density maintained during the last decades, the expansion of argoma shrubland (Ulex gallii), shows that grazing is not enough for its control and requires evaluating measures of clearing. To evaluate the efficiency of the burning and the mechanical clearing (with two treatments: at ground level and 10 cm above ground) in the control of the shrub, these treatments were applied in different plots of encroached grasslands in two pastoral territories (Sierra de Aralar and Belate). After the burning and clearing, the evolution of the shrub was compared in the cleared plots closed to grazing and in their replicas open to it. The results showed differences between the different treatments in both territories that may be related to the initial coverage of the shrubland. In general, burning was less effective in controlling shrubland and allowed a greater resprout than mechanical clearing. No significant differences were found between the two types of mechanical clearing (at ground level and at 10 cm above ground). Finally, grazing caused a delay in the recovery of the shrub in all casesbut it was not able to eliminate the shrubs completely. From the field observations, the opinions of the farmers and the results of similar experiences, some measures for grassland management were collected and discussed to correct or complement the clearing treatments in order to increase their efficiency.

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Wang, Jun Fa, Xiao Xia Li, Ya Qin Li, and Teng Fei Zhuang. "Experimental Analysis on Fracture Characteristics and Material Properties of Compacted Ice and Snow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.43.

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It is benefit to improve the snow clearing effect, reduce energy consumption, conserve resources and enhance the performance of the machine was pointed. Using the depth into show, concave disc spacing and the angle between marching directions as factors, snow pack volume flaking, fracture width and snow clearing resistance as objective the three factors five levels orthogonal rotation test was conducted. The interaction between effect spacing of tools ,the fractures great influence on clearing efficiency and energy consumption when clearing the compacted ice and snow by using multi-blade cutting mode was found through the concave disc cutting test. The relation response surface graph was obtained through the analysis of test data by using the Design-Expert 6.0 software. The optimal parameters are: the angle between marching directions is 13°, depth into snow is 38mm~44mm, concave disc spacing is 14mm~17mm, which made the snow pack volume flaking is 124cm3~130cm3, the fracture width is 79mm~80mm, the snow clearing resistance is 0.6KN~0.65KN.

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Hwang, Injun, and Baeho Kim. "Heterogeneity and netting efficiency under central clearing: A stochastic network analysis." Journal of Futures Markets 40, no. 2 (September 22, 2019): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fut.22059.

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Fikov, А. S. "Potential of energy efficiency from clearing of the oil-trunk pipelines." Вестник Белорусско-Российского университета, no. 1 (2010): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53078/20778481_2010_1_174.

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Eren, Semiha. "Photocatalytic Clearing of Disperse Dyed Polyester." AATCC Journal of Research 6, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.6.5.2.

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Trials were conducted to examine the efficiency of photocatalytic afterclearing on disperse dyed polyester. The photocatalytic afterclearing was performed by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Polyester fabric samples were dyed with three disperse dyes at 4% depth of shade, individually. The control afterclearing treatment was a conventional reductive clearing by thiourea dioxide and caustic soda. The H2O2 impregnated samples, using various concentrations of H2O2 at various pH values, were treated under 254 nm UV irradiation (5, 10, 20, and 30 min) at room temperature. Color, color difference, wash fastness, and tensile strength values of the samples were compared. Photocatalytic clearing of disperse dyed polyester was successful in giving comparable wash fastness results as compared to conventional reduction clearing without significant color differences.

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Liu, Xiao Fei, Yong Cheng Chen, and Ya Ge Wang. "R&D of Picking-Up and Clearing Key Parts for the Type 4LQ-1.6 Line Chili Harvesting Machine." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.377.

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Picking-up and clearing parts are the key device of the important work parts for the line chili harvesting machine, which directly affect the performance of the harvesting machine. In this paper, the working principle of the picking-up and clearing parts for the type 4LQ-1.6 line chili harvesting machine were explained, the structures of them were designed and the technical parameters were demonstrated. The virtual prototype was designed based on the analysis of Pro/ENGINEER and the physical prototype was made after that. Through the field performance test, the results showed that the device can accomplish the joint work picking, the function of clearing with mining net rate, low broken rate, high efficiency and reliability.

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Guo, Xiu Li, and Yan Guo Wang. "Study on a New Type of Clearing Stump Robot." Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.628.

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A new type of clearing stump robot was developed to raise the efficiency of removing stump and reduce the damage of the ground surface in the cut over land. The robot mainly consists of a walking mechanism of a caterpillar excavator and a manipulator. It was controlled by a computer system based on the machine vision. The operating radius of the manipulator was 4-8 m, and the maximum stump cutting diameter was 0.55 m. The practical test shows that the robot can clear about 100 stumps per day (6 hours) compared to 45 similar stumps by hand-held implement. The efficiency of the robot is about 20-25 times than that of a worker. Especially, a hole of less than 1 m2 is formed by the robot compared to 10 m2 ground surface destroyed by employing another uprooter to clear a larch stump.

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Qi, Yisong, Tingting Yu, Jianyi Xu, Peng Wan, Yilin Ma, Jingtan Zhu, Yusha Li, Hui Gong, Qingming Luo, and Dan Zhu. "FDISCO: Advanced solvent-based clearing method for imaging whole organs." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaau8355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8355.

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Various optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for deep biological imaging. Organic solvent–based clearing methods, such as three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs (3DISCO), present the advantages of high clearing efficiency and size reduction for panoptic imaging of large samples such as whole organs and even whole bodies. However, 3DISCO results in a rapid quenching of endogenous fluorescence, which has impeded its application. Here, we propose an advanced method named FDISCO to overcome this limitation. FDISCO can effectively preserve the fluorescence of various fluorescent probes and can achieve a long storage time of months while retaining potent clearing capability. We used FDISCO for high-resolution imaging and reconstruction of neuronal and vascular networks. Moreover, FDISCO is compatible with labeling by multiple viruses and enables fine visualization of neurons with weak fluorescence labeling in the whole brain. FDISCO represents an effective alternative to the three-dimensional mapping of whole organs and can be extensively used in biomedical studies.

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Alekseev, G. V., M. O. Karpov, A. G. Leu, and M. Shariati. "Analysis to efficiency discrete covering worker organ when clearing vegetable raw material." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2016-3-18-25.

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Alekseev, G. V., M. O. Karpov, A. G. Leu, and M. Shariati. "Analysis to efficiency discrete covering worker organ when clearing vegetable raw material." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2016-3-25.

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Bergeron, Raymond J., Jan Wiegand, Neelam Bharti, James S. McManis, and Shailendra Singh. "Desferrithiocin analogue iron chelators: iron clearing efficiency, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity." BioMetals 24, no. 2 (November 20, 2010): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9389-y.

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Bo, Lijun, Yanchu Liu, and Tingting Zhang. "Dynamic analysis of counterparty exposures and netting efficiency of central counterparty clearing." Quantitative Finance 21, no. 7 (February 4, 2021): 1187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2020.1844283.

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Reveley, James, and John Singleton. "Clearing the Cupboard: The Role of Public Relations in London Clearing Banks’ Collective Legitimacy-Seeking, 1950–1980." Enterprise and Society 15, no. 03 (September 2014): 472–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700015950.

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This essay conceptualizes and historically documents a negle cted trade association function: legitimacy-seeking. It uses the Committee of London Clearing Bankers case to show how an association can, by using manipulative public relations techniques, fulfil that function for its members. To the circumstances that prevent rent-seeking associations from becoming industry level efficiency enhancers, the essay adds a new factor—a political legitimacy crisis. Through the Committee, the banks’ leaders responded to such a crisis in the 1970s prompted by the threat of bank nationalization. The case yields the following generalizable point. When members are faced with an external legitimacy threat, a trade association, even one with a history of collaborative learning, can get stuck at the rent-seeking end of the associational spectrum. By morphing from a cartel into merely a vehicle for asserting its members’ political legitimacy through instrumental public relations, this is just where the Committee remained on that continuum.

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Yu, Xuguang, Gang Li, Chuntian Cheng, Yongjun Sun, and Ran Chen. "Research and Application of Continuous Bidirectional Trading Mechanism in Yunnan Electricity Market." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2019): 4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244663.

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To further promote market competition, enrich trading varieties, alleviate information asymmetry, and improve trading efficiency during electricity market reform in China, the continuous bidirectional transaction (CBT) was designed and applied in the Yunnan electricity market (YNEM), which is dominated by medium- and long-term power energy trading. The clearing model for the CBT with the goal of maximum social welfare is proposed in two bidding stages, including call auction (CA) and continuous double auction (CDA). Correspondingly, the integrated two-stage market clearing algorithm is also introduced to ensure the data consistency and business continuity. Finally, the analysis of the practical application shows that the proposed model, algorithm, and various key implementation strategies of the trading platform support the bidding and clearing of the CBT well. In addition, the research and application of CBT may also provide valuable insights for other electricity market construction.

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Oliveira, Luís, M. Inês Carvalho, Elisabete Nogueira, and Valery V. Tuchin. "Optical clearing mechanisms characterization in muscle." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 09, no. 05 (July 18, 2016): 1650035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545816500358.

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Optical immersion clearing is a technique that has been widely studied for more than two decades and that is used to originate a temporary transparency effect in biological tissues. If applied in cooperation with clinical methods it provides optimization of diagnosis and treatment procedures. This technique turns biological tissues more transparent through two main mechanisms — tissue dehydration and refractive index (RI) matching between tissue components. Such matching is obtained by partial replacement of interstitial water by a biocompatible agent that presents higher RI and it can be completely reversible by natural rehydration in vivo or by assisted rehydration in ex vivo tissues. Experimental data to characterize and discriminate between the two mechanisms and to find new ones are necessary. Using a simple method, based on collimated transmittance and thickness measurements made from muscle samples under treatment, we have estimated the diffusion properties of glucose, ethylene glycol (EG) and water that were used to perform such characterization and discrimination. Comparing these properties with data from literature that characterize their diffusion in water we have observed that muscle cell membrane permeability limits agent and water diffusion in the muscle. The same experimental data has allowed to calculate the optical clearing (OC) efficiency and make an interpretation of the internal changes that occurred in muscle during the treatments. The same methodology can now be used to perform similar studies with other agents and in other tissues in order to solve engineering problems at design of inexpensive and robust technologies for a considerable improvement of optical tomographic techniques with better contrast and in-depth imaging.

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A. Burki, Abid. "Efficiency Wages in Pakistan's Small Scale Manufacturing." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1999.v4.i1.a1.

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This paper investigates wage differentials between workers in subcontracting and non-subcontracting firms, using data from a recent survey of small manufacturing firms in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The paper finds that subcontracting workers receive a high wage premium and invokes efficiency wage arguments to explain this differential. The paper argues that due to a client/vendor monitoring problem it is optimal for subcontracting firms to pay higher than the market clearing wages. The use of Heckman's two stage procedure to test for sample selection bias fails to give such evidence. A decomposition of the wage differentials indicates that endowment differentials partly explain higher wages for subcontracting workers while the bulk of this wage gap is explained by differential returns to workers' attributes.

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Lavrenchenko, А. А., S. I. Lazarev, D. S. Lazarev, А. А. Arzamastsev, D. N. Protasov, and V. Y. Bogomolov. "FOUNDATION OF ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRICULTRAFILTRATION CLEARING OF COMMERCIAL SOLUTIONS OF BIOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION." Tambov University Reports. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences 22, no. 5-2 (2017): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0198-2017-22-5-1148-1153.

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Albanese, Claudio, Yannick Armenti, and Stéphane Crépey. "XVA metrics for CCP optimization." Statistics & Risk Modeling 37, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2020): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/strm-2017-0034.

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AbstractBased on an XVA analysis of centrally cleared derivative portfolios, we consider two capital and funding issues pertaining to the efficiency of the design of central counterparties (CCPs). First, we consider an organization of a clearing framework, whereby a CCP would also play the role of a centralized XVA calculator and management center. The default fund contributions would become pure capital at risk of the clearing members, remunerated as such at some hurdle rate, i.e. return-on-equity. Moreover, we challenge the current default fund Cover 2 EMIR sizing rule with a broader risk based approach, relying on a suitable notion of economic capital of a CCP. Second, we compare the margin valuation adjustments (MVAs) resulting from two different initial margin raising strategies. The first one is unsecured borrowing by the clearing member. As an alternative, the clearing member delegates the posting of its initial margin to a so-called specialist lender, which, in case of default of the clearing member, receives back from the CCP the portion of IM unused to cover losses. The alternative strategy results in a significant MVA compression. A numerical case study shows that the volatility swings of the IM funding expenses can even be the main contributor to an economic capital based default fund of a CCP. This is an illustration of the transfer of counterparty risk into liquidity risk triggered by extensive collateralization.

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Wanyama, Tabitha. "CAUSES OF DELAY IN CLEARANCE OF GOODS AT THE PORT OF MOMBASA." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.v1i1.83.

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Purpose: The study was an investigation into the challenges facing clearing and forwarding activities at the port of Mombasa.Methodology: The study adopted an exploratory study design which was descriptive in nature. A population of 265 was used out of which a sample of 100 respondents was chosen. To select the 100 sampling units/respondents, the researcher used purposive sampling method. The data was collected using questionnaires which had both open and closed ended questions. The methods used in the analysis of the data were descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, pie charts and cross-tabulation.Results: Findings in the study indicated that some of the challenges facing clearing and forwarding processes at the port of Mombasa included poor education and training of clearing agents, abandonment of goods by agents due to poor pricing, lack of automation, low level mechanization, bureaucratic processes from governmental agencies and poor road network which causes congestion. In conclusion, the research identified that the challenges were both human resource oriented (inadequately skilled workforce) as well as systemic (resulting from a failure in the coordination between the various players in the clearing system).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended in this study that the various players such as KRA, KPA, governmental agencies, importer/exporters, clearing agents among others should improve their individual processes and efficiency to enhance coordination and faster clearing. It was recommended that a further study should be carried out by both the KPA and the KRA management involving a larger population and sample to reflect the strategies that other major ports in the world have undertaken to enable them ease the congestion at their ports so that they find out what factors need to be implemented to fasten the clearance. Further study should also include stakeholders outside the clearing and importers fraternity such as the government, and the community as a whole.

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Wanyama, Tabitha. "CAUSES OF DELAY IN CLEARANCE OF GOODS AT THE PORT OF MOMBASA." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.83.

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Purpose: The study was an investigation into the challenges facing clearing and forwarding activities at the port of Mombasa.Methodology: The study adopted an exploratory study design which was descriptive in nature. A population of 265 was used out of which a sample of 100 respondents was chosen. To select the 100 sampling units/respondents, the researcher used purposive sampling method. The data was collected using questionnaires which had both open and closed ended questions. The methods used in the analysis of the data were descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, pie charts and cross-tabulation.Results: Findings in the study indicated that some of the challenges facing clearing and forwarding processes at the port of Mombasa included poor education and training of clearing agents, abandonment of goods by agents due to poor pricing, lack of automation, low level mechanization, bureaucratic processes from governmental agencies and poor road network which causes congestion. In conclusion, the research identified that the challenges were both human resource oriented (inadequately skilled workforce) as well as systemic (resulting from a failure in the coordination between the various players in the clearing system).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended in this study that the various players such as KRA, KPA, governmental agencies, importer/exporters, clearing agents among others should improve their individual processes and efficiency to enhance coordination and faster clearing. It was recommended that a further study should be carried out by both the KPA and the KRA management involving a larger population and sample to reflect the strategies that other major ports in the world have undertaken to enable them ease the congestion at their ports so that they find out what factors need to be implemented to fasten the clearance. Further study should also include stakeholders outside the clearing and importers fraternity such as the government, and the community as a whole.

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Midhat Abdullah, Manal, Jamal H. Al-Ani, Shima K. Abdulridha, and Mazin Al- Ansari. "Evaluating a Self-Charging Electrostatic Dust Shield for Solar Cell applications in Baghdad Outdoor Weather." Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales 7, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/2346075x.788.

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Introduction: It is well known that the biggest problem facing the utilizing of solar cell Panels in Baghdad is the unpredictable dusty weather through the days of year. This big problem is not easy to overcome due to the frequent dust accumulations and the high cost of cleaning and other maintenance problems. Dust problems are increasing due to global warming. In Baghdad city, where solar radiation is intense and available almost throughout the year, Deposition of dust on the panels could severely minimize solar-to power output efficiency. There are many methods for dust removing from surfaces like the natural dust removal of wind, mechanical dust removing, super-hydrophobic on solar panel surface, and the electrostatic method which is adopted in this work. The dust particles will be charged statistically by rolling on the surface of the solar panels they will have the same electric charge and the electrostatic forces between them are repulsion. Hence, the dust particles will float away from the solar panels. Materials and Methods: A self-charging transparent conductive glass is prepared by spraying a thin film (141 nm thickness) of a Tin dioxide (SnO2) solution on a glass substrate (12x12 cm2). The dust shield is connected to an electronic charging circuit. The shield is located on the top of a silicon solar cell. The novel idea is that the shield is electrically supplied by the solar cell itself whereas D.C. current from the solar cell itself is used to charge the conductive glass, which is located on the top surface of the cell. Results and Discussion: A test was done for dust removing from a Silicon solar cell by electrostatic repulsion method, considering matching the spectral response region of the Siliconsolar cells with the film transmittance spectral region (400 -700 nm). The transmittance value is between (92 – 95)% and results are compared withan identical reference solar cell. Results show a good response as the calculated clearing factor value increases due to the cell efficiency increment.Also, the clearing factor is discussed as a function of outdoor temperature to show a direct proportionality, while the environmental humidity showed an inverse proportionality. Conclusions: A self-cleaning method for a solar cell is successfully introduced via a conductive glass. tests were carried outdoor in Baghdad city. Results showed that there is a direct proportionality between both: the clearing factor and the efficiency gain with the ambient temperature. The ambient humidity showed indirect proportionality with system efficiency (clearing factor and efficiency gain show reduction as the humidity percentage increases).

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Huang, Long Xiang, Feng Zhao, Wei Jiang Qiu, and Shi Hong Miao. "Research on Transient Stability Critical Clearing Time Calculation Based on Predictor-Corrector Cantor-Like Search." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2573.

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This paper proposes a new approach which applies Cantor-like search strategy to computing critical clearing time (CCT) after searching the initial search interval of fault clearing time (FCT) by advance-and-retreat predictor-corrector technology. On the basis of discussing the mathematical nature of computing CCT based on time-domain simulation, the work started with the comparison of conventional computer linear optimization search strategies, then combined Cantor-like search with transient stability analysis feature and realized CCT rapid calculation with the classical Dichotomy substituted. Simulations on New England 10-generator 39-bus system demonstrate that this new algorithm has a good advantage over efficiency and precision, as well as its engineering application prospect.

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Genina, E. A., A. N. Bashkatov, V. V. Tuchin, G. B. Altshuler, and I. V. Yaroslavskii. "Possibility of increasing the efficiency of laser-induced tattoo removal by optical skin clearing." Quantum Electronics 38, no. 6 (June 30, 2008): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2008v038n06abeh013940.

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Zhu, Xinpei, Limeng Huang, Yao Zheng, Yanchun Song, Qiaoqi Xu, Jiahao Wang, Ke Si, Shumin Duan, and Wei Gong. "Ultrafast optical clearing method for three-dimensional imaging with cellular resolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 23 (May 17, 2019): 11480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819583116.

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Optical clearing is a versatile approach to improve imaging quality and depth of optical microscopy by reducing scattered light. However, conventional optical clearing methods are restricted in the efficiency-first applications due to unsatisfied time consumption, irreversible tissue deformation, and fluorescence quenching. Here, we developed an ultrafast optical clearing method (FOCM) with simple protocols and common reagents to overcome these limitations. The results show that FOCM can rapidly clarify 300-µm-thick brain slices within 2 min. Besides, the tissue linear expansion can be well controlled by only a 2.12% increase, meanwhile the fluorescence signals of GFP can be preserved up to 86% even after 11 d. By using FOCM, we successfully built the detailed 3D nerve cells model and showed the connection between neuron, astrocyte, and blood vessel. When applied to 3D imaging analysis, we found that the foot shock and morphine stimulation induced distinct c-fos pattern in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Therefore, FOCM has the potential to be a widely used sample mounting media for biological optical imaging.

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Faudot, Adrien. "The Keynes Plan and Bretton Woods debates: the early radical criticisms by Balogh, Schumacher and Kalecki." Cambridge Journal of Economics 45, no. 4 (June 16, 2021): 751–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beab018.

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Abstract The prestige of John Maynard Keynes, as well as the smart design of his plan, made the proposal for an International Clearing Union particularly worthy of interest when it was released. Economists with orthodox views on international adjustment criticised the plan, but less well known criticisms also came from within Keynesian circles. Several economists in J. M. Keynes’ professional milieu provided comments and asked for amendments to the draft plan in order to improve his scheme for the clearing union. This paper analyses the published responses of Ernst F. Schumacher, Thomas Balogh and Michal Kalecki to the Keynes Plan. These authors provide early, radical criticisms of his plan, targeting the sustainability and efficiency of the proposed international monetary reform.

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Ge, Meng, and Yan Li Jiao. "The Research on Maintain Efficiency of Industrial Maintenance System Based on Markov Analysis Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1813.

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In order to measure ability of maintenance system to accomplish maintenance tasks, this paper studied maintain performance analysis method pointing to the industrial maintenance system. Based on defining the maintenance efficiency, this paper put forward three maintenance efficiency indexes: rate of maintenance tasks completion, rate of fault clearing and rate of maintenance system losing. This paper established a system maintenance performance analysis model using Markov stochastic process theory. With anglicizing the example, this paper draws three principles: moderate maintenance, availability, and credibility, then lays a foundation of exploring the way to improve maintenance system effectiveness.

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Fan, Jing. "The automation control system of intelligent flexible clearing robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 172988142092563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420925631.

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The cleaning of cement warehouse is a labor-intensive and high-risk operation. The applicability and cleaning effect of traditional work tools are poor. Therefore, most of the methods are manual cleaning, which is inefficient and prone to accidents. It is of great social significance and practical value to develop an intelligent flexible warehouse cleaning robot that replaces the manual cleaning of cement. When the top of the cement warehouse is small and the volume of the cement warehouse is very large, how to ensure that the working range of the cleaning system can cover the entire area, and effectively and quickly complete the cleaning operation, and the automatic control of the cleaning robot has become an automatic control. Key issues to be addressed. Although the human–machine interface configuration technology has been widely used in automated monitoring systems, its graphical and componentized interface construction methods and the flexibility and scalability of the configuration interface have been widely recognized, but the human–machine interface, the coding method is still used in the construction, the development efficiency is low, and the interface is not open and flexible enough. At the same time, there are few research attempts on interface configuration. Interface configuration mostly only stays in the graphical phase of interface construction. Data and interactive control cannot meet the configuration requirements, and there is no complete implementation plan for configuration. Therefore, it has become an urgent need to change the traditional interface development mode and realize the configuration of man–machine interface. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is the research on the automatic control system of intelligent flexible clearing robot. Based on the understanding of the relevant properties of cement powder, this article discusses its flow state in the cement storehouse theoretically and provides a basis for subsequent structural design and stability research. A modularized and component-based configuration method for the numerical control interface is proposed. The interface is divided into three modules: data, graphics, and interactive control. The functional modules are assembled and the components are combined to implement the interface configuration. The experimental simulation results in this article show that compared to the traditional method, the amount of code editing of the configured human–machine interface is reduced by 46.34%, the development cycle is shortened by 43.72%, and the development efficiency of the configured human–machine interface has been greatly improved. It is confirmed that the configuration technology studied in this article can meet the requirements of automatic control systems.

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Янина, И. Ю., И. Шлойзенер, Ю. Ладеманн, В. В. Тучин, and М. Е. Дарвин. "Исследование эффективноcти оптического просветления кожи растворами глицерина методом конфокальной микроспектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 6 (2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.06.49407.52-20.

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The effect of glycerol solutions of various concentrations and exposure times on the effectiveness of optical clearing (OC) in intact pig skin was studied in the analysis of Raman spectra recorded at different depths. It was found that a solution of 80% glycerol and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) penetrated through the stratum corneum for 45 min. An increase in OC was achieved using mixtures of optical clearing agents (OCA) with DMSO and distilled water. So, the greatest OC efficiency was observed using a mixture of 60% glycerol and 40% water for 45 min (an increase of 3.4 times at a depth of 80 μm). Thus, the possibility of monitoring the optical parameters of the skin at a depth of about 80 μm using the confocal microscopy method of combination scattering.

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Gao, Jing Ru. "A Study on Freeway Traffic Incident Duration and Improvement Countermeasures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2752.

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Reducing the duration of freeway traffic incident plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of freeway transportation. The duration of freeway traffic incidents is composed of four stages: the discovery time, response time, clearing time and the recovery time. Through analyzing the key factors influencing different duration stations, this article studies how factors including incident severity, aid resource allocation and emergency rescue preplan influence the duration, and pointedly propose countermeasures to reduce freeway traffic incidents duration. The conclusion of this article provides reference for improving the efficiency in freeway traffic incident management. Key words: traffic incident; duration; factor analysis; improve countermeasures

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Magas, I. "International Distribution of Equity Funds and Market Efficiency." Acta Oeconomica 51, no. 3 (October 1, 2001): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.51.2000-2001.3.3.

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The network of international capital markets is modeled as a global communications system, where information flows in one channel and funds flow in the other. Based on the fundamental logic of the measurement of information (Reza, 1992) and on the standard assumptions of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) (Shapiro, 1999), we demonstrate that these markets operate at very large losses. Global markets are far less efficient than long-established domestic capital markets of developed countries, which do relatively well in transmitting information and funds. Along with the integration of national capital markets into a more tightly knit international network, however, major improvements in efficiency can be expected. Integration, though, implies a need for some kind of global regulations to help standardize the flow of information and the routines of pricing risk. Standardization in turn can be expected to decrease risks and increase the efficiency of distributing funds. From an information-theoretical perspective the introduction of mutually accepted regulations is desired, since it would boost the capacity utilization of the distribution system as such. A better-utilized communications system will bring faster clearing international markets and cheaper funds.

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Genina, E. A., N. S. Ksenofontova, A. N. Bashkatov, G. S. Terentyuk, and V. V. Tuchin. "Study of the epidermis ablation effect on the efficiency of optical clearing of skin in vivo." Quantum Electronics 47, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel16378.

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Jarrett, Jeffrey E. "Random walk, capital market efficiency and predicting stock returns for Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited." Management Research News 31, no. 2 (January 25, 2008): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170810846858.

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Kozintseva, Marina D., Еlena K. Volkova, Julia G. Konyukhova, Igor V. Zabenkov, and Vyacheslav I. Kochubey. "Luminescence Monitoring of Temporal Changes and Efficiency of Tissue Optical Clearing by NIR-Excited Upconversion Particles." BioNanoScience 6, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-016-0201-5.

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Krug, Rainer M., Núria Roura-Pascual, and David M. Richardson. "Clearing of invasive alien plants under different budget scenarios: using a simulation model to test efficiency." Biological Invasions 12, no. 12 (July 11, 2010): 4099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9827-3.

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Dyachenko, V. V., A. B. Altukhov, E. Z. Gusakov, L. A. Esipov, A. N. Konovalov, S. I. Lashkul, A. Yu Stepanov, and S. V. Shatalin. "Studies of Spectral Broadening of the Lower Hybrid Wave Line in the Current-Drive Regimes and Ion Heating at the FT-2 Tokamak." Plasma Physics Reports 47, no. 4 (April 2021): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x2104005x.

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Abstract The experiments at the FT-2 tokamak are described that were focused on clearing up the role of the parametric decay instabilities in decreasing the generation efficiency of the non-inductive current excited by the electromagnetic waves in the lower hybrid frequency range. The most discussed instability of such kind is the decay of the pump wave into the daughter high-frequency waves and the low-frequency ion–acoustic quasi-modes. The studies performed have shown that, under conditions of the FT-2 experiment, the ion–acoustic instability has no decisive effect on the decrease in the efficiency of the lower hybrid current drive.

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Bergeron, RJ, RR Streiff, EA Creary, RD Jr Daniels, W. King, G. Luchetta, J. Wiegand, T. Moerker, and HH Peter. "A comparative study of the iron-clearing properties of desferrithiocin analogues with desferrioxamine B in a Cebus monkey model." Blood 81, no. 8 (April 15, 1993): 2166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.8.2166.2166.

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Abstract A comparative study of the iron-clearing properties of subcutaneously administered desferrioxamine B (DFO) with those of orally administered desferrithiocin sodium salt (1), desmethyl desferrithiocin (2), desazadesmethyl desferrithiocin sodium salt (3), desazadesmethyl desferrithiocin pivaloyloxymethyl ester (4), and desazadesmethyl-5,5- dimethyl desferrithiocin (5) in an iron-loaded Cebus monkey model and a non-iron overloaded bile duct-cannulated rat model is presented. All six drugs, which performed well in rodent studies, demonstrated increased efficiency in the Cebus monkey model. When administered to rodents at a daily dosage of 384 mumol/kg over a period of 10 days, drug 1 demonstrated severe renal toxicity. whereas drugs 3, 4, and 5 exhibited severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Under the same experimental protocol, drug 2 did not show significant toxic side effects. In addition, to further evaluate the iron-clearing properties of analogue 2, a dose-response study was performed in the primates that showed that iron excretion increased in a dose-dependent fashion.

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Bergeron, RJ, RR Streiff, EA Creary, RD Jr Daniels, W. King, G. Luchetta, J. Wiegand, T. Moerker, and HH Peter. "A comparative study of the iron-clearing properties of desferrithiocin analogues with desferrioxamine B in a Cebus monkey model." Blood 81, no. 8 (April 15, 1993): 2166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.8.2166.bloodjournal8182166.

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A comparative study of the iron-clearing properties of subcutaneously administered desferrioxamine B (DFO) with those of orally administered desferrithiocin sodium salt (1), desmethyl desferrithiocin (2), desazadesmethyl desferrithiocin sodium salt (3), desazadesmethyl desferrithiocin pivaloyloxymethyl ester (4), and desazadesmethyl-5,5- dimethyl desferrithiocin (5) in an iron-loaded Cebus monkey model and a non-iron overloaded bile duct-cannulated rat model is presented. All six drugs, which performed well in rodent studies, demonstrated increased efficiency in the Cebus monkey model. When administered to rodents at a daily dosage of 384 mumol/kg over a period of 10 days, drug 1 demonstrated severe renal toxicity. whereas drugs 3, 4, and 5 exhibited severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Under the same experimental protocol, drug 2 did not show significant toxic side effects. In addition, to further evaluate the iron-clearing properties of analogue 2, a dose-response study was performed in the primates that showed that iron excretion increased in a dose-dependent fashion.

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Bergeron, Raymond J., Neelam Bharti, Jan Wiegand, James S. McManis, Shailendra Singh, and Khalil A. Abboud. "The Impact of Polyether Chain Length on the Iron Clearing Efficiency and Physiochemical Properties of Desferrithiocin Analogues." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53, no. 7 (April 8, 2010): 2843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm9018146.

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Duldulao, Marjun, Cassie Booth, Laura Denham, Audrey Choi, Garrett Friedman, and Kevork Kazanjian. "Alcohol Fat Clearing Increases Lymph Node Yield after Surgery for Colorectal Cancer." American Surgeon 80, no. 10 (October 2014): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408001031.

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Lymph node (LN) yield is associated with oncologic outcome in patients who undergo surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). Standards to maximize LN yield have been initiated to enhance treatment of patients with CRC. This study evaluates the impact of a simple alcohol-based preparation protocol on LN yield. Surgical specimens from patients with CRC were prepared using either the alcohol protocol or standard formalin fixation and LN yield was compared. In total, 80 consecutive patients (n = 40 formalin, n = 40 alcohol) were examined. Overall, median LN yield increased from 17 to 29 ( P < 0.01) with the alcohol fat clearance protocol. For patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent proctectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, LN yield increased from 15 to 23 ( P = 0.02). The frequency of need for additional sampling to achieve a minimum 12 LN count was also reduced. Initiation of a standardized alcohol fat-clearing protocol increased LN yield after surgery for CRC. This simple, cost-effective measure may improve the efficiency of LN assessment and accurate staging, which may impact oncologic outcomes.

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Aull, Mark, Andy Stough, and Kelly Cohen. "Design Optimization and Sizing for Fly-Gen Airborne Wind Energy Systems." Automation 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation1010001.

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Traditional on-shore horizontal-axis wind turbines need to be large for both performance reasons (e.g., clearing ground turbulence and reaching higher wind speeds) and for economic reasons (e.g., more efficient land use, lower maintenance costs, and fewer controllers and grid attachments) while their efficiency is scale and mass independent. Airborne wind energy (AWE) system efficiency is a function of system size and AWE system operating altitude is less directly coupled to system power rating. This paper derives fly-gen AWE system parameters from small number of design parameters, which are used to optimize a design for energy cost. This paper then scales AWE systems and optimizes them at each scale to determine the relationships between size, efficiency, power output, and cost. The results indicate that physics and economics favor a larger number of small units, at least offshore or where land cost is small.

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Limbach, Ludwig K., Robert Bereiter, Elisabeth Müller, Rolf Krebs, René Gälli, and Wendelin J. Stark. "Removal of Oxide Nanoparticles in a Model Wastewater Treatment Plant: Influence of Agglomeration and Surfactants on Clearing Efficiency." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 15 (August 2008): 5828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800091f.

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Kozintseva, Marina D., Elena K. Volkova, Julia G. Konyukhova, Igor V. Zabenkov, and Vyacheslav I. Kochubey. "Erratum to: Luminescence Monitoring of Temporal Changes and Efficiency of Tissue Optical Clearing by NIR-Excited Upconversion Particles." BioNanoScience 6, no. 4 (August 9, 2016): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-016-0225-x.

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Bendary, Ahmed F., Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, Mohamed M. Ismail, Karar Mahmoud, Matti Lehtonen, and Mohamed M. F. Darwish. "Proposed ANFIS Based Approach for Fault Tracking, Detection, Clearing and Rearrangement for Photovoltaic System." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072269.

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In the last few decades, photovoltaics have contributed deeply to electric power networks due to their economic and technical benefits. Typically, photovoltaic systems are widely used and implemented in many fields like electric vehicles, homes, and satellites. One of the biggest problems that face the relatability and stability of the electrical power system is the loss of one of the photovoltaic modules. In other words, fault detection methods designed for photovoltaic systems are required to not only diagnose but also clear such undesirable faults to improve the reliability and efficiency of solar farms. Accordingly, the loss of any module leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the overall system. To avoid this issue, this paper proposes an optimum solution for fault finding, tracking, and clearing in an effective manner. Specifically, this proposed approach is done by developing one of the most promising techniques of artificial intelligence called the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The proposed fault detection approach is based on associating the actual measured values of current and voltage with respect to the trained historical values for this parameter while considering the ambient changes in conditions including irradiation and temperature. Two adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based controllers are proposed: (1) the first one is utilized to detect the faulted string and (2) the other one is utilized for detecting the exact faulted group in the photovoltaic array. The utilized model was installed using a configuration of 4 × 4 photovoltaic arrays that are connected through several switches, besides four ammeters and four voltmeters. This study is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and the simulation results are presented to show the validity of the proposed technique. The simulation results demonstrate the innovation of this study while proving the effective and high performance of the proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based approach in fault tracking, detection, clearing, and rearrangement for practical photovoltaic systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Clearing efficiency'

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