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1
CLEAR: A clearer look at eastern air resources. [Denver, Colo.?]: National Park Service, 1993.
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CLEAR: A clearer look at eastern air resources. [Denver, Colo.?]: National Park Service, 1993.
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CLEAR: A clearer look at eastern air resources. [Denver, Colo.?]: National Park Service, 1993.
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4
The week we cleaned the park: A verse about responsibility (Scholastic phonics readers). Scholastic, 1997.
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Paul, Torremans. Part VI The Law of Property, 36 Succession. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199678983.003.0036.
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This chapter examines the legal regime governing succession to movables and immovables. Once the estate of the deceased has been cleared of debts and all taxes and duties paid, the administrator will distribute the property among those to whom it beneficially belongs. These persons are to be identified by the choice of law rules relating to succession and may vary according to whether the estate consists of movables or immovables and whether the deceased left a will or died intestate. This chapter first considers intestate succession to movables and immovables as well as various questions that arise in the case of wills before discussing the proposed European harmonisation of choice of law rules concerning succession and wills. It also analyses the powers of appointment exercised by a person through his own will, along with issues relating to capacity, formal validity, essential validity, construction and revocation of the power of appointment.
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Norah, Gallagher. Part II Investor-State Arbitration in the Energy Sector, 11 ECT and Renewable Energy Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and renewable energy disputes in more detail. It begins with an overview of the framework of national and international regulations in the renewable energy sector. Next, the chapter looks at a recent series of ECT cases filed by investors in the renewable (predominantly solar) energy sector against Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain. The chapter compares this recent wave of arbitrations in the renewables sector with the first arbitration award rendered under the ECT, which also concerned incentives to encourage investments for cleaner energy. It concludes with reflections on whether Italy's decision to withdraw from the ECT was influenced by these most recent cases filed against it.
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Publishing, Dry Cleaner. Awesome Dry Cleaner Is Hard to Find Difficult to Part with and Impossible to Forget: Lined Journal, 120 Pages, 6 X 9, Funny Dry Cleaner Notebook Gift Idea, Black Matte Finish. Independently Published, 2020.
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Scott, Peter. ‘Pushing’ Vacuum Cleaners in Inter-War Britain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783817.003.0010.
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Marketing vacuum cleaners in the UK largely followed US methods. Vacuum cleaner firms introduced a new form of direct selling to Britain, which was of enduring importance. Its popularity among suppliers was based on its effectiveness—reflected in high British diffusion rates for vacuums, relative to other high-ticket labour-saving appliances. However, unlike the United States—where vacuum cleaner salesmen were widely accepted as part of the retail culture—Britain saw much greater public opposition to unwanted high-pressure selling. A less commonly discussed adverse feature of the system was its treatment of the salesmen, many of whom struggled to earn even a basic labourer’s income. Many salesmen reacted by engaging in sharp practice, both through desperation and, often, in a conscious attempt to turn the tables on their employers.
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Biloshytsky, Vadym, and Roman Cregg. Pioneering use of gene therapy for pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0083.
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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Gene therapy for pain: Results of a Phase I clinical trial’, published by Fink et al. in 2011. In this study, the first of its kind, researchers studied the efficacy and safety of a modified herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector used to deliver PENK, which encodes proenkephalin, which is cleaved into the enkephalin peptides Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin, which induce analgesia by acting on opioid receptors. The development of the HSV vector was based in part on results studies in which adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, or non-viral vectors were used to overexpress genes. Overexpression of a variety of large molecules leads to a reduction in pain-related behaviour in animals. Gene therapy in the treatment of chronic pain seems to offer a promising alternative to systemic or highly invasive therapies. However, additional research is needed to determine the safety, effectiveness, and cost-efficiency of this approach.
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Thomas, Feltes, and Hofmann Robin. Part I General Questions, 3 Transnational Organised Crime and its Impacts on States and Societies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0003.
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Transnational organised crime (TOC) impacts states and societies on different levels. It can have devastating effects on the state, the rule of law, and the economy in countries. It is a great challenge for criminological research to measure those impacts and give a precise account of the consequences societies face when infiltrated by TOC. Depending on legal, institutional, and socio-economic conditions in states and societies, these impacts may vary in their effect. Where governments and state institutions are weak and the civil society poor, TOC seemingly flourishes. Nevertheless, the conditions for this flourishing of TOC are much more complex than the simple link between weak states, poverty, and TOC might suggest. To achieve a more complete and clearer picture of TOC and its impact on societies, it is important to consider it as an integral part of society, not an external invader. Therefore, TOC is strongly linked to societal developments in recent years, particularly with globalization.
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Jentz, John B., and Richard Schneirov. The Internationale of the Citizen Workers. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036835.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the destruction of slavery in Chicago. The destruction of slavery as a national economic and political interest cleared the ground for the rise of a new working class of wage earners, in part by creating a space within the public sphere for working-class issues. Organized in April 1864 by eighteen unions, the General Trades Assembly served as the most important vehicle for articulating a class outlook. Labor's citywide organization was a political interest group representing workers of all skills and backgrounds in Chicago's public life. Workers' awareness of themselves as a class developed further as ethnic and political leaders began to appeal publicly to the new labor interest. The creation of such an enduring organized interest in the public sphere was a critical element in the formation of a new kind of urban politics appropriate to the new capitalist order.
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Ichikawa, Jonathan Jenkins, and C. S. I. Jenkins. On Putting Knowledge ‘First’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716310.003.0006.
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This chapter claims that various views which travel under the banner of ‘knowledge first’ epistemology betray subtle differences in just how it is that they respectively regard knowledge as ‘first’. It argues that these differences are problematic, in part because it is not straightforward to draw connections between certain of these views, which are, under closer inspection, more independent than they are often assumed to be. Its aim is, in the main, to tease apart various ‘knowledge first’ claims, and explore what connections they do or do not have with one another, in the service of a clearer understanding of just what the knowledge first theses are and how these theses might be evaluated.
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Goldman, Alan H. Representation in Art. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0010.
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Of all the long-standing debates that raise doubts about progress in philosophy, that concerning the nature of representation in the arts stands out. For Plato's analysis, charitably interpreted and amplified, holds up remarkably well in the face of strong criticism earlier in this century and yet more recent revisions. And the question that he raised about the value of representation as he analysed it, while less prominent as a philosophical topic, proves still difficult to answer, although here it is much clearer that Plato is wrong in the negative answer he gave. At the centre of the former debate is the question whether representation depends essentially on resemblance, but this is just part of Plato's analysis, and the other parts, while only implicit, have been unduly neglected.
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Goodman, Jessica. Mapping Theatrical Paris. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198796626.003.0003.
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This chapter begins a recontextualization of Goldoni’s Comédie-Italienne career with a panoramic view, analysing the position of the Italian theatre in the contemporary Parisian theatrical field. Original archive work provides the most comprehensive existing account of the theatre’s audiences and finances across the 1760s, and this account is compared to existing work on the Comédie-Française and the Opéra to create a clearer picture of the symbolic and commercial hierarchies within which the various Parisian theatres operated. In particular, the chapter explores the tension between symbolic and commercial status in the theatres of the period, and reveals that in contrast to the long-standing assumption that the Comédie-Italienne was less successful than the Comédie-Française, the Italian theatre was on a par with its rival.
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Uller, Tobias, and Heikki Helanterä. Heredity and Evolutionary Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.003.0010.
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Heredity is a central concept in biology and one of the core principles needed for adaptive evolution. For most of the past 100 years, heredity has been defined and conceptualized in terms of transmission of genes. This is heuristically useful but imposes a certain structure on evolutionary theory and leaves out aspects of heredity that may be important to understand evolution. Emerging developmental perspectives on evolution suggests that alternative ways to represent heredity may prove useful. To this end, this chapter explains how evolutionary biologists treat heredity, conceptually and mathematically. It argues that treating heredity as an outcome of developmental processes not only makes it clearer how different mechanisms of inheritance contribute to evolution but also shows that inheritance cannot be treated as a static channel of transmission of information because it evolves as part of the process of adaptation.
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Helm, Bennett W. Roles, Relationships, and Blame. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801863.003.0006.
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Tim Scanlon is right to think that how it is proper to blame (or praise) another depends on your relationships with her. This Chapter argues that such relationships are in part communal relationships you have with fellow community members. Understanding such relationships depends on understanding the different roles one might have within a community of respect and the variability in how the norms bind one depending on one’s role. In addition, how it is proper to praise or blame another varies depending on one’s connection to her actions as well as on what else is going on in both her and one’s own lives—on what excuses you each have. Consequently, this Chapter examines roles, relationships, and excuses so as to provide a clearer picture of the nature of responsibility and its grounding within communities of respect.
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Materstvedt, Lars Johan, and Georg Bosshard. Euthanasia and palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0107.
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This chapter focuses on the particular relationship and interconnections between euthanasia and palliative care. Selected key data on assisted dying are presented. Of central importance is the question of how requests for assisted dying should be handled within palliative care, and as part of addressing this question the chapter includes a discussion of the practice in Belgium, where euthanasia is performed within palliative care institutions. Furthermore, the chapter presents the Swiss model, which practises a much clearer separation between assisted dying and both palliative care and clinical medical practice. Statements on assisted dying made by key palliative care organizations are then presented and analysed. The chapter asks whether the palliative care community will be more accepting of euthanasia in the future, following potential new legislation. The concluding remarks consider the current reluctance of doctors to participate, and the pressures they are under to accept a role, in assisted dying.
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Ott, Walter. Descartes, Malebranche, and the Crisis of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.001.0001.
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The seventeenth century witnesses the demise of two core doctrines in the theory of perception: naïve realism about color, sound, and other sensible qualities and the empirical theory, drawn from Alhacen and Roger Bacon, that underwrote it. Ejecting such sensible qualities from the mind-independent world at once makes for a cleaner ontology, since bodies can now be understood in purely geometrical terms, and spawns a variety of fascinating complications for the philosophy of perception. If sensible qualities are not part of the mind-independent world, just what are they, and what role, if any, do they play in our cognitive economy? We seemingly have to use color to visually experience objects. Do we do so by inferring size, shape, and motion from color? Or is it a purely automatic operation, accomplished by divine decree? This book traces the debate over perceptual experience in early modern France, covering such figures as Antoine Arnauld, Robert Desgabets, and Pierre-Sylvain Régis alongside their better-known countrymen René Descartes and Nicolas Malebranche.
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Carter, Tim. Oklahoma! Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665203.001.0001.
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Oklahoma! premiered on Broadway on 31 March 1943 under the auspices of the Theatre Guild, and today it is performed more frequently than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein musical. When this book was first published in 2007, it offered the first fully documented history of the making of the show based on archival materials, manuscripts, journalism, and other sources. The present revised edition draws still further on newly uncovered sources to provide an even clearer account of a work that many have claimed fundamentally changed Broadway musical theater. It is filled with rich and fascinating details about the play on which Oklahoma! was based (Lynn Riggs’s Green Grow the Lilacs); on what encouraged Theresa Helburn and Lawrence Langner of the Guild to bring Rodgers and Hammerstein together for their first collaboration; on how Rouben Mamoulian and Agnes de Mille became the director and choreographer; on the drafts and revisions that led the show toward its final shape; and on the rehearsals and tryouts that brought it to fruition. It also examines the lofty aspirations and the mythmaking that surrounded Oklahoma! from its very inception, and demonstrates just what made it part of its times.
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Norrie, Kenneth McK. A History of Scottish Child Protection Law. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444170.001.0001.
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This book explores the development of Scottish child protection law from its earliest days in the poor law, tracing the changing assumptions that underlay child protection processes, and the radical shift of emphasis from private (charitable) endeavour to public (local authority) duty. This book looks at the developing legal processes for removing children from abusive or neglectful environments, explores how child offenders and child victims came to be dealt with in the same processes, and examines the reasons why Scots law has managed to continue to cleave its own procedural path in the contemporary world. It explores both processes and outcomes, explaining how the juvenile court evolved into the children’s hearing, and it examines the substantive continuities between the various orders that could be made over children. The regulation of boarding out and fostering of children is compared with the regulation of institutional care, and the evolution of aftercare provisions is explained. The book also offers an analysis of the (dubious) legal basis for the Imperial practice of sending troubled children to the colonies, as part of a deliberate policy of spreading British “stock” across the world. The final chapter traces the origins and statutory control of the practice of adoption of children, from its days as an informal arrangement through its early manifestation as a minor action changing status to its present position as the most radical order that a court of law can make.
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Hom, Andrew R., Cian O'Driscoll, and Kurt Mills, eds. Moral Victories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801825.001.0001.
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What does it mean to win a moral victory? In the history, practice, and theory of war, this question yields few clear answers. Wars often begin with ideals about just and decisive triumphs but descend into quagmires. In the just war and strategic studies traditions, assumptions about victory underpin legitimations for war but become problematic in discussions about its conduct and conclusion. After centuries of conflict, we still lack a clear understanding of victory or reliable resources for discerning its moral status, its implications for conduct in war, or its relationship to changing ways of war. This book brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars to tackle such issues. It is organized in two parts. After a synoptic introduction, Part I, ‘Traditions: The Changing Character of Victory’, charts the historically variable notion of victory and the dialogues and fissures this opens in the just war and strategic canons. Individual chapters analyse the importance of victory in the Bible, Clausewitz’s strategy, the political uses of defeat, arguments for unlimited war, revisionist just war theory, and contemporary norms against fights to the finish. Part II, ‘Challenges: The Problem of Victory in Contemporary Warfare’, shows how changing security contexts exacerbate these issues. Individual chapters discuss ethics in unwinnable wars, the political scars of victory, whether we can ‘win’ humanitarian interventions, contemporary civil–military relations, victory in privatized war, and operations short of war. In both parts, contributors work towards a clearer understanding of victory, forwarding several shared themes discussed in a critical conclusion.
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Turner, Neil, and Premil Rajakrishna. Pathophysiology of oedema in nephrotic syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0053.
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The mechanism by which loss of serum proteins into the urine causes expansion of extracellular fluid volume and oedema has become clearer. A key initiating abnormality is avid sodium retention by the kidney, leading to increased whole-body sodium and increased extracellular fluid volume. This appears to be driven primarily by overactivation of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the collecting duct, activated proteolytically through abnormal filtration of plasminogen, and its activation to plasmin in the nephron. Conventional explanations for nephrotic oedema focused on low colloid osmotic pressure as a consequence of loss of serum proteins, leading to egress of extracellular fluid from the intravascular compartment. It was hypothesized that this led to underfilling of the circulation and a drive to sodium retention. While low osmotic pressure may play a part in the clinical picture of nephrotic syndrome, a variety of observations suggest that underfilling is not a common feature except in the most severe nephrotic syndrome. Furthermore the gradient in colloid osmotic pressure between serum and interstitium tends to be preserved in nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of excess extracellular fluid is markedly different in patients with nephrotic syndrome from that seen in patients who have reduced glomerular filtration rate as the cause of sodium retention. This is not fully understood but hypotheses centre on capillary permeability and colloid osmotic pressure effects.
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Pedulla, David. Making the Cut. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175102.001.0001.
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Millions of workers today labor in nontraditional situations involving part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underutilization or face the precariousness of long-term unemployment. To date, research has largely focused on how these experiences shape workers' well-being, rather than how hiring agents perceive and treat job applicants who have moved through these positions. Shifting the focus from workers to hiring agents, this book explores how key gatekeepers evaluate workers with nonstandard, mismatched, or precarious employment experience. Factoring in the social groups to which workers belong—such as their race and gender—the book shows how workers get jobs, how the hiring process unfolds, who makes the cut, and who does not. The book documents and unpacks three important discoveries. Hiring professionals extract distinct meanings from different types of employment experiences; the effects of nonstandard, mismatched, and precarious employment histories for workers' job outcomes are not all the same; and the race and gender of workers intersect with their employment histories to shape which workers get called back for jobs. Indeed, hiring professionals use group-based stereotypes to weave divergent narratives or “stratified stories” about workers with similar employment experiences. The result is a complex set of inequalities in the labor market. Looking at bias and discrimination, social exclusion in the workplace, and the changing nature of work, the book probes the hiring process and offers a clearer picture of the underpinnings of getting a job in the new economy.
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Halvorson, Charles. Valuing Clean Air. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538845.001.0001.
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The passage of the Clean Air Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 marked a sweeping transformation in American politics. In a few short years, the environmental movement pushed Republican and Democratic elected officials to articulate a right to clean air as part of a bevy of new federal guarantees. Charged with delivering on those promises, the EPA represented a bold assertion that the federal government had a responsibility to protect the environment, the authority to command private business to reduce their pollution, and the capacity to dictate how they did so. But revolutions are always contested and the starburst of environmental concern that propelled the Clean Air Act and the EPA coincided with economic convulsions that shook the liberal state to its core. As powerful businesses pressed to roll back regulations, elected officials from both parties questioned whether the nation could keep its environmental promises. Pushing on, the EPA adopted a monetized approach to environmental value that sat at odds with environmentalist notions of natural rights but provided a critical shield for the agency’s rulemaking, as environmental protection came to serve as a key battleground in larger debates over markets, government, and public welfare. The EPA’s success and the potential limits of its monetary approach are evident in the very air we breathe today—far cleaner and healthier as a result of the EPA’s actions, but holding new threats in a rapidly changing climate.