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Journal articles on the topic 'Clenbuterol'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Lynch, Gordon S., Alan Hayes, Siun P. Campbell та David A. Williams. "Effects of β2-agonist administration and exercise on contractile activation of skeletal muscle fibers". Journal of Applied Physiology 81, № 4 (1 жовтня 1996): 1610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1610.

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Lynch, Gordon S., Alan Hayes, Siun P. Campbell, and David A. Williams. Effects of β2-agonist administration and exercise on contractile activation of skeletal muscle fibers. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1610–1618, 1996.—Clenbuterol, a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of muscle-wasting diseases, yet its effects, especially at the single-fiber level, have not been fully characterized. Male C57BL/10 mice were allocated to three groups: Control-Treated mice were administered clenbuterol (2 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) via their drinking water for 15 wk; Trained-Treated mice u

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 374 (October 1991): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103740-00014.

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1082 (December 2005): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200510820-00026.

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1242 (March 2009): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912420-00046.

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1327 (November 2010): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013270-00039.

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6

PRATHER, IRVINE D., DAVID E. BROWN, PERRY NORTH, and JUDY R. WILSON. "Clenbuterol." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1118???1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199508000-00003.

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7

Kline, William O., Frank J. Panaro, Hayung Yang, and Sue C. Bodine. "Rapamycin inhibits the growth and muscle-sparing effects of clenbuterol." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 2 (February 2007): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00873.2006.

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Clenbuterol and other β2-adrenergic agonists are effective at inducing muscle growth and attenuating muscle atrophy through unknown mechanisms. This study tested the hypothesis that clenbuterol-induced growth and muscle sparing is mediated through the activation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Clenbuterol was administered to normal weight-bearing adult rats to examine the growth-inducing effects and to adult rats undergoing muscle atrophy as the result of hindlimb suspension or denervation to examine the muscle-sparing effects. The pharmacological inhibitor

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Siedlecka, U., M. Arora, T. Kolettis, G. K. R. Soppa, J. Lee, M. A. Stagg, S. E. Harding, M. H. Yacoub, and C. M. N. Terracciano. "Effects of clenbuterol on contractility and Ca2+ homeostasis of isolated rat ventricular myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 5 (November 2008): H1917—H1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2008.

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Clenbuterol, a compound classified as a β2-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist, has been employed in combination with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) to treat patients with severe heart failure. Previous studies have shown that chronic administration of clenbuterol affects cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. However, the acute effects of clenbuterol and the signaling pathway involved remain undefined. We investigated the acute effects of clenbuterol on isolated ventricular myocyte sarcomere shortening, Ca2+ transients, and L-type Ca2+ current and compared these effects to two other clinical

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He, Genye, Linghui Sheng, Jianli Zhang, Yun Wu, Xuxiao Zhao, Youxuan Xu, and Jianghai Lu. "Enantiomeric analysis of clenbuterol in Chinese people by LC–MS/MS to distinguish doping abuse from meat contamination." Bioanalysis 12, no. 11 (June 2020): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0003.

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Aim: Follow-up investigations are often required for clenbuterol-positive cases. A method to distinguish doping abuse from meat contamination was developed. Materials & methods: A total of 26 volunteers were recruited to ingest clenbuterol contaminated-pork and clenbuterol tablets. Results: For 20 volunteers, after ingestion of contaminated-pork, R-(-)/S-(+)-clenbuterol ratio was <1.0, while the value was >1.0 after taking clenbuterol tablets. However, after taking clenbuterol tablets, some ratio points of the other six volunteers were between 0.9 and 1.0. A case of an abnormal cold

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Luo, Ling, Peijing Hu, Changqing Miao, Aiqun Ma, and Tingzhong Wang. "Clenbuterol Attenuates hERG Channel by Promoting the Mature Channel Degradation." International Journal of Toxicology 36, no. 4 (May 24, 2017): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581817710786.

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Clenbuterol, a β2-selective adrenergic receptor agonist, is illicitly used in weight loss and performance enhancement and animal production. Increasing evidence demonstrates that clenbuterol induces various kinds of arrhythmias and QTc interval prolongation. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Most drugs are associated with QTc prolongation through interfering with human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channels. The present study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of clenbuterol on the hERG channel. HEK 293 cells were transfected with wild type

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Van Der Heijden, H. F. M., P. N. R. Dekhuijzen, H. Folgering, L. A. Ginsel, and C. L. A. Van Herwaarden. "Long-term effects of clenbuterol on diaphragm morphology and contractile properties in emphysematous hamsters." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.215.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic long-term clenbuterol treatment (1 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a day for 12 wk) on diaphragm morphology and function in emphysematous (EH) and normal hamsters (NH). Clenbuterol increased body weight, diaphragm weight, and skeletal muscle weight in both EH and NH to a similar extent. In the diaphragm, clenbuterol significantly increased myosin heavy chain type I, IIa, and IIx muscle fiber cross-sectional areas by ∼35–55% in both EH and NH. This response to clenbuterol treatment was not significantly different between EH and NH

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Cavalié, H., G. Lac, P. Lebecque, B. Chanteranne, M. J. Davicco, and J. P. Barlet. "Influence of clenbuterol on bone metabolism in exercised or sedentary rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 2034–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2002.

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This paper reports that the selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol affects bone metabolism in growing 3-mo-old male Wistar rats treated over 8 wk. Thirty-two 3-mo-old growing Wistar rats weighing 234 ± 2 g were assigned to a progressive isometric force, strength-training exercise program plus oral clenbuterol (2 mg · kg body wt−1 · day−1) for 5 days each week, exercise program without clenbuterol 5 days each week, no exercise program plus oral clenbuterol (2 mg · kg−1 · day−1) for 5 days each week, or no exercise without clenbuterol 5 days each week. At the end of 8 wk, lean mass

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Burniston, Jatin G., Yeelan Ng, William A. Clark, John Colyer, Lip-Bun Tan, and David F. Goldspink. "Myotoxic effects of clenbuterol in the rat heart and soleus muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00139.2002.

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Myocyte-specific necrosis in the heart and soleus muscle of adult male Wistar rats was investigated in response to a single subcutaneous injection of the anabolic β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol. Necrosis was immunohistochemically detected by administration of a myosin antibody 1 h before the clenbuterol challenge and quantified by using image analysis. Clenbuterol-induced myocyte necrosis occurred against a background of zero damage in control muscles. In the heart, the clenbuterol-induced necrosis was not uniform, being more abundant in the left subendocardium and peaking 2.4 mm f

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14

Zhao, Xiangyun, Yuliang Mai, Dongchu Chen, Min Zhang, and Huawen Hu. "Selective Enrichment of Clenbuterol onto Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microspheres with Tailor-made Structure and Oxygen Functionalities." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101635.

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The noxious clenbuterol misapplied as the feed additive has posed an enormous threat to humans who actively rely on the food chains with high potential of contamination by clenbuterol, such as pork and beef. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop novel materials and strategies for dealing with the clenbuterol. Herein, functional polymer microspheres prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization were explored for the selective enrichment of the clenbuterol, and their structure and oxygen functionalities could be tailor-made by a molecular imprinting process. The clenbuterol imprinting wa

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15

Guo, Qinghui, Yankun Peng, Xinlong Zhao, and Yahui Chen. "Rapid Detection of Clenbuterol Residues in Pork Using Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100859.

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Clenbuterol (CB) is a synthetic β-receptor agonist which can be used to improve carcass leanness in swine, but its residues in pork also pose health risks. In this report, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology was used to achieve rapid detection and identification of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CB) residues. First, the effects of several different organic solvents on the extraction efficiency were compared, and it was found that clenbuterol in pork had a better enhancement effect using ethyl acetate as an extraction agent. Then, SERS signals of clenbuterol in different solvents we

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Awede, Bonaventure L., Jean-Paul Thissen, and Jean Lebacq. "Role of IGF-I and IGFBPs in the changes of mass and phenotype induced in rat soleus muscle by clenbuterol." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): E31—E37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2002.282.1.e31.

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Clenbuterol induces hypertrophy and a slow-to-fast phenotype change in skeletal muscle, but the signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that clenbuterol could act via local expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Administration of clenbuterol to 3-mo-old female Wistar rats resulted in a 10 and 13% increase of soleus muscle mass after 3 and 9 days, respectively, reaching 16% after 4 wk. When associated with triiodothyronine, clenbuterol induced a dramatic slow-to-fast phenotype change. In parallel, clenbuterol administration induced in soleus muscle a fivefold increase

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17

De Schrijver, R., D. Fremaut, and M. Van Den Broeck. "Effects of short-term feeding of clenbuterol on nitrogen retention, performance and meat quality in finishing pigs." Journal of Agricultural Science 116, no. 1 (February 1991): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007619x.

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SUMMARYAn experiment using 30 Belgian landrace finishing pigs was carried out, in 1989, at the University of Leuven, Belgium, to examine the effect of clenbuterol in the diet (1 mg/kg) on the repartitioning of nutrients and body composition. Clenbuterol was administered for 20 days preceding the week before slaughter. Fifteen animals were fed a diet containing the β-agonist, and 15 other animals served as negative controls. Weight gain, feed conversion and N utilization improved during β-agonist treatment. Removal of clenbuterol from the diet rapidly increased blood urea concentrations, indica

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18

Oblak, Marko, Andrej Preželj, Slavko Pečar, and Tom Solmajer. "Thiol-reactive Clenbuterol Analogues Conjugated to Bovine Serum Albumin." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-11-1219.

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Several novel thiol-reactive clenbuterol analogues were coupled in high yield with bovine serum albumin (BSA). After labelling of unreacted cysteines with maleimide spin label (MiSL), the yield of the coupling reaction was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and spectral analysis. Two spin-probe populations with different mobility states were quantitatively determined. Molecular dynamics was used to model the structure of clenbuterol analogues and spin label conjugated to BSA and recognition of conjugates by anti-clenbuterol antibodies was demonstrated. The recogni

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Ricart-Firinga, Carole, Laurence Stevens, Marie-Helene Canu, Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya та Yvonne Mounier. "Effects of β2-agonist clenbuterol on biochemical and contractile properties of unloaded soleus fibers of rat". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 278, № 3 (1 березня 2000): C582—C588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.278.3.c582.

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The effects of clenbuterol β2-agonist administration were investigated in normal and atrophied [15-day hindlimb-unloaded (HU)] rat soleus muscles. We showed that clenbuterol had a specific effect on muscle tissue, since it reduces soleus atrophy induced by HU. The study of Ca2+ activation properties of single skinned fibers revealed that clenbuterol partly prevented the decrease in maximal tension after HU, with a preferential effect on fast-twitch fibers. Clenbuterol improved the Ca2+ sensitivity in slow- and fast-twitch fibers by shifting the tension-pCa relationship toward lower Ca2+ concen

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol abuse." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1167 (September 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711670-00031.

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol abuse." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1246 (April 2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912460-00032.

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Ishikawa, Chieko, Takumi Ogawa, Tomoko Ikawa та Akira Yamane. "Effects of Clenbuterol, a β2-Adrenergic Agonist, on Sizes of Masseter, Temporalis, Digastric, and Tongue muscles". Open Dentistry Journal 3, № 1 (7 вересня 2009): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210600903010191.

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We compared the hypertrophic effects of clenbuterol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, on the masseter, digastric, and temporalis with those on the tongue, tibialis anterior, soleus, diaphragm, and heart. The weights of masseter, digastric and temporalis in the clenbuterol group were 36 ~ 56% greater than those in the control group, whereas those of the tibialis anterior, diaphragm, and heart weights in the clenbuterol group were 9 ~ 33% greater than those in the control group. No significant difference in the weights of the soleus and tongue was found between the control and clenbuterol groups. Taken

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Moore, D., M. Anderson, and DF Larson. "Effect of clenbuterol administration on the healthy murine heart." Perfusion 23, no. 5 (September 2008): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109104688.

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Clenbuterol has recently been shown to reverse pathologic cardiac remodeling during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, leading to restored ventricular function and explantation of LVAD devices. However, others have not been able to support these observations. Our hypothesis is that the β2-adrenergic activity of clenbuterol induces cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in increased interstitial fibrillar collagen content and altered diastolic function that may account for these conflicting reports. The intent of this study is to characterize the effect of clenbute

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Torgan, C. E., G. J. Etgen, J. T. Brozinick, R. E. Wilcox, and J. L. Ivy. "Interaction of aerobic exercise training and clenbuterol: effects on insulin-resistant muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1471.

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The effects of aerobic exercise training, chronic administration of the selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol, and the combination of these two treatments on muscle insulin resistance were compared in female obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Rats were randomly assigned to trained, clenbuterol, clenbuterol-trained, or control groups. Training consisted of treadmill running for 2 h/day at 18 m/min up an 8% grade. Clenbuterol was administered by intubation (0.4–0.8 mg.kg body wt-1 x day-1) approximately 30 min before the rats ran each day. After 8 wk of treatment, muscle insulin resistance was

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Williams, P. E. V., L. Pagliani, G. M. Innes, K. Pennie, C. I. Harris та P. Garthwaite. "Effects of a β-agonist (clenbuterol) on growth, carcass composition, protein and energy metabolism of veal calves". British Journal of Nutrition 57, № 3 (травень 1987): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870049.

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1. Twenty-two British Friesian bull calves were used in a comparative slaughter experiment to determine the effects of a β-agonist (clenbuterol) on body composition and energy retention. Four calves were slaughtered at 18 d of age and constituted the initial slaughter group. Of the remaining calves, eight (group A, controls) were given milk replacer only, and ten calves (groups B and C, five calves per group) were given milk replacer plus clenbuterol(O.1 and 1.0 mg clenbuterol/kg milk replacer equivalent to approximately 2 and 20 μg/kg body-weight respectively over the 105±3 d of the experimen

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Velasco-Bejarano, Benjamín, Jahir Bautista, Martha E. Rodríguez, Raquel López-Arellano, Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa, and Ricardo Velasco Carrillo. "Quantification and Stereochemical Composition of R-(−) and S-(+)-Clenbuterol Enantiomers in Bovine Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkz087.

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Abstract Clenbuterol (4-amino-α-[(tert-butylamino)methyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzylalcohol) is a β2-adrenergic agonist. The consumption of meat contaminated with clenbuterol can lead to increased heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, palpitations and skeletal muscle tremors. Several analytical methods have been developed to identify and quantify clenbuterol in different biological matrices. In this report, we have developed a specific and sensitive analytical method for quantifying clenbuterol and performed an in-depth enantiomeric analysis in bovine urine. The method was evaluated in accordance with

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Dupont-Versteegden, E. E. "Exercise and clenbuterol as strategies to decrease the progression of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.3.734.

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The effects of exercise and the combination of exercise and clenbuterol on progression of muscular dystrophy were studied in mdx mice. At 3 wk of age, mdx mice were randomly assigned to sedentary (MS), exercise (ME), or combined exercise and clenbuterol (MEC) groups. Clenbuterol was given in the drinking water (1.0-1.5 mg . kg body weight-1 . day-1), and exercise consisted of spontaneous running activity on exercise wheels. At 3 mo or 1 yr of age, ventilatory function, contractile properties, and morphological characteristics of the soleus (Sol) and diaphragm (Dia) muscles were measured. The m

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Ryall, James G., Paul Gregorevic, David R. Plant, Martin N. Sillence та Gordon S. Lynch. "β2-Agonist fenoterol has greater effects on contractile function of rat skeletal muscles than clenbuterol". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, № 6 (1 грудня 2002): R1386—R1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00324.2002.

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Potential treatments for skeletal muscle wasting and weakness ideally possess both anabolic and ergogenic properties. Although the β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol has well-characterized effects on skeletal muscle, less is known about the therapeutic potential of the related β2-adrenoceptor agonist fenoterol. We administered an equimolar dose of either clenbuterol or fenoterol to rats for 4 wk to compare their effects on skeletal muscle and tested the hypothesis that fenoterol would produce more powerful anabolic and ergogenic effects. Clenbuterol treatment increased fiber cross-sectional a

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Hayes, Alan, and David A. Williams. "Contractile properties of clenbuterol-treatedmdx muscle are enhanced by low-intensity swimming." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.435.

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Hayes, Alan, and David A. Williams. Contractile properties of clenbuterol-treated mdxmuscle are enhanced by low-intensity swimming. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 435–439, 1997.—The β2-agonist clenbuterol has potent anabolic properties in normal and denervated muscle and, as such, may be of use in muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophy. However, potential side effects such as the transformation of the fiber type pool toward increased proportions of fast-twitch fibers must be balanced with the beneficial anabolic properties. In the present report, we clearly show that extensor digitorum l

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Bakker, Anthony J., Stewart I. Head, Anthony C. Wareham, and D. George Stephenson. "Effect of clenbuterol on sarcoplasmic reticulum function in single skinned mammalian skeletal muscle fibers." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): C1718—C1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.6.c1718.

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We examined the effect of the β2-agonist clenbuterol (50 μM) on depolarization-induced force responses and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function in muscle fibers of the rat ( Rattus norvegicus; killed by halothane overdose) that had been mechanically skinned, rendering the β2-agonist pathway inoperable. Clenbuterol decreased the peak of depolarization-induced force responses in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus fibers to 77.2 ± 9.0 and 55.6 ± 5.4%, respectively, of controls. The soleus fibers did not recover. Clenbuterol significantly and reversibly reduced SR Ca2+loading in EDL an

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Maltin, C. A., M. I. Delday, S. M. Hay, F. G. Smith, and P. J. Reeds. "Propranolol apparently separates the physical and compositional characteristics of muscle growth induced by clenbuterol." Bioscience Reports 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01122727.

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The effect of propranolol on clenbuterol-induced changes in muscle fibre size and protein content were studied. Propranolol did not inhibit the ability of clenbuterol to stimulate protein accretion but reduced the increase in muscle fibre size. The compositional and physical characteristics of clenbuterol-induced muscle growth thus appeared to be separated by propranolol.

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Drake, S. D., L. E. Hansen, C. Harris, W. C. Lewis, E. Miller, B. Moranville, M. Blyzka, et al. "Effects of clenbuterol on horses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2013): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13022.

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Clenbuterol was intended as a treatment for respiratory diseases in horses, but has been used in multiple species, including humans, for its repartitioning of fat to lean effects (free fatty acids are released from adipose tissue to be used by tissues of higher priority). In the horse industry clenbuterol application is restricted to the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and reactive airway disease (heaves). Negative effects of clenbuterol exposure include a decrease in maximum oxygen intake and increased muscle fatigue upon exercise. As a result of these and other negative ef

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McElligott, M. A., J. E. Mulder, L. Y. Chaung, and A. Barreto. "Clenbuterol-induced muscle growth: investigation of possible mediation by insulin." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): E370—E375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.4.e370.

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The role of insulin as a possible mediator of the beta-adrenergic agonist stimulation of muscle growth was investigated. To exclude possible action of the beta-agonist on the pancreatic release of insulin, diabetes was induced in rats by a streptozotocin injection (100 mg/kg). Insulin levels were almost not detectable in these rats. Feeding either normal diet or diet containing the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol (10 parts/million) did not alter plasma insulin concentrations. The effects of clenbuterol on muscle and weight gain were determined in diabetic rats given daily insulin replaceme

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Zhu, Yuan, Carsten Culmsee, Irina Semkova та Josef Krieglstein. "Stimulation of β2-Adrenoceptors Inhibits Apoptosis in Rat Brain after Transient Forebrain Ischemia". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 18, № 9 (вересень 1998): 1032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199809000-00013.

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We have previously demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol in vitro and in vivo was most likely mediated by an increased nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. In the present study, we examined whether clenbuterol was capable of inhibiting apoptosis caused by ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was performed in male Wistar rats (300 to 350 g) by clamping both common carotid arteries and reducing the blood pressure to 40 mm Hg for 10 minutes. Clenbuterol(0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered 3 hours before ischemia or immed

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Bates, P. C., та J. M. Pell. "Action and interaction of growth hormone and the β-agonist, clenbuterol, on growth, body composition and protein turnover in dwarf mice". British Journal of Nutrition 65, № 2 (березень 1991): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910074.

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The responses of dwarf mice to dietary administration of clenbuterol (3 mg/kg diet), daily injections of growth hormone (15 μg/mouse per d) or both treatments combined were investigated and their actions, and any interactions, on whole-body growth, composition and protein metabolism, and muscle, liver and heart growth and protein metabolism, were studied at days 0, 4 and 8 of treatment. Growth hormone, with or without clenbuterol, induced an increase in body-weight growth and tail length growth; clenbuterol alone did not affect body-weight or tail length. Both growth hormone and clenbuterol re

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Choo, J. J., M. A. Horan, R. A. Little, and N. J. Rothwell. "Anabolic effects of clenbuterol on skeletal muscle are mediated by beta 2-adrenoceptor activation." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): E50—E56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.1.e50.

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The potent anabolic effects of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol on skeletal muscle have been reported to be independent of actions on beta-adrenoceptors. In the present study clenbuterol, presented to rats in the diet (4 mg/kg), caused significant increases in gastrocnemius muscle mass, protein, and RNA content and a decrease in epididymal fat pad mass. These effects were not mimicked by oral administration of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol even at high dose (52 mg/kg diet), and the effects of clenbuterol were not inhibited by addition of DL-propranolol (200 mg/kg diet).

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Babij, P., and F. W. Booth. "Clenbuterol prevents or inhibits loss of specific mRNAs in atrophying rat skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 254, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): C657—C660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.5.c657.

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It is known that denervation or hindlimb suspension both decrease the content of rRNA, alpha-actin mRNA, and cytochrome c mRNA in adult rat skeletal muscle. In the present study, the provision of clenbuterol (an anabolic agent) to adult female rats during a 7-day period of denervation of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles prevented entirely the loss of rRNA, alpha-actin mRNA, and cytochrome c mRNA that normally occurs in denervated muscle. Although clenbuterol inhibited most of the loss of alpha-actin mRNA that occurred in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles after 7 days of hindlimb suspens

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Gibbs, Rachel L., Rebecca M. Swanson, Joslyn K. Beard, Ty B. Schmidt, Jessica L. Petersen, and Dustin T. Yates. "258 Deficits in growth, muscle mass, and body composition following intrauterine growth restriction persisted in lambs at 60 d of age but were improved by daily clenbuterol supplementation." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.367.

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Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) reduces neonatal muscle growth and alters body composition in livestock. Our objective was to determine the effect of IUGR on juvenile growth and assess the benefits of treatment with clenbuterol (β2 adrenergic agonist) in IUGR offspring. Heat stress-induced IUGR lambs were born 28% lighter (P &lt; 0.05) than controls. At 60 d of age, unsupplemented IUGR lambs had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) bodyweight (BW), average daily gain, and crown-rump length compared to controls, but clenbuterol-supplemented IUGR lambs did not differ from controls. Crow

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Sillence, M. N., M. L. Matthews, T. W. Badran, and G. G. Pegg. "Effects of clenbuterol on growth in underfed cattle." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99109.

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This study examined the effects of clenbuterol on the growth of young cattle (160 kg) that were fed a restricted quantity of a low-quality hay to simulate dry-season pasture conditions in the tropics. Twenty Brahman steers were used. Ten control animals lost an average of 0.24 kg/day in the first 17 days, then maintained their liveweight for the remaining 21 days of the experiment. By contrast, 10 clenbuterol-treated animals lost 0.3 kg/day for the first 17 days of the experiment, then continued to lose weight at a steady rate of 0.15 kg/day. In control steers, plasma concentrations of urea-ni

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MacLennan, P. A., та R. H. Edwards. "Effects of clenbuterol and propranolol on muscle mass. Evidence that clenbuterol stimulates muscle β-adrenoceptors to induce hypertrophy". Biochemical Journal 264, № 2 (1 грудня 1989): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640573.

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1. A single subcutaneous injection of clenbuterol hydrochloride (0.125 mg/kg body wt.) to female Wistar rats produced a rapid increase in muscle cyclic AMP and lactate concentrations and a decrease in muscle glycogen concentrations. These changes are characteristic of muscle beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and were abolished by intraperitoneal injection of propranolol (12.5 mg/kg) 15 min before clenbuterol administration. 2. When this dose of clenbuterol was injected twice daily, the changes in muscle metabolite concentrations which followed its acute administration persisted until day 7 of trea

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Pan, Shujia J., Joe Hancock, Zhenping Ding, Donovan Fogt, Mancheong Lee, and John L. Ivy. "Effects of clenbuterol on insulin resistance in conscious obese Zucker rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 280, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): E554—E561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.4.e554.

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The present study was conducted to determine the effect of chronic administration of the long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on rats that are genetically prone to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Obese Zucker rats ( fa/fa) were given 1 mg/kg of clenbuterol by oral intubation daily for 5 wk. Controls received an equivalent volume of water according to the same schedule. At the end of the treatment, rats were catheterized for euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (15 mU insulin · kg−1 · min−1) clamping. Clenbuterol did not change body weight compared with the control group but

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Lin, Xiaoyun, Yongnian Ni, Xueying Pei, and Serge Kokot. "Electrochemical detection of DNA damage induced by clenbuterol at a reduced graphene oxide-Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode." Analytical Methods 9, no. 7 (2017): 1105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay03022j.

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Jiang, Guang-Liang, Yu-Dong Gu, Li-Yin Zhang, Li-Ying Shen, Cong Yu, and Jian-Guang Xu. "Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial of Clenbuterol in Denervated Muscle Atrophy." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2011 (August 15, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/981254.

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Objectives. β2-adrenergic agonists, such as clenbuterol, have been shown to promote the hypertrophy of healthy skeletal muscles and to ameliorate muscle wasting in a few pathological conditions in both animals and humans. We intended to investigate the clinical efficacy of clenbuterol on attenuating denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and randomized trial was employed. 71 patients, suffering from brachial plexus injuries, were given either clenbuterol (60 μg, bid) or placebo for 3 months. Before and at the end of the study, patients were g

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Yang, Zi Jian, Tai Hu Wu, and Feng Chen. "A Portable Apparatus for Colloidal Gold Test on Clenbuterol." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3100–3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3100.

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To quantitatively detect the on-site test of the content of clenbuterol in pork, a photoelectric apparatus for the colloidal gold test to detect clenbuterol was developed based on green LED and linear CCD. This design method could realize a semi-quantitative analysis of clenbuterol concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 ng/ml. Such an apparatus could promote an integrated approach to the management of the community food safety

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Rothwell, Nancy J., and Michael J. Stock. "Increased body-weight gain and body protein in castrated and adrenalectomized rats treated with clenbuterol." British Journal of Nutrition 60, no. 2 (September 1988): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880105.

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1. Daily injection of the β2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol (1 mg/kg body-weight) increased weight gain by 12% in young (35 d) male rats and by 18% in castrated rats, but had no effect on energy intake, expenditure or efficiency in either group.2. Body fat content was not affected by clenbuterol or castration, but water and protein content were significantly increased by clenbuterol treatment in both intact and castrated rats. The ratio, body protein:fat was increased by 13 and 16% in these two groups compared with their respective, untreated controls.3. Bilateral surgical adrenalectomy (ADX)

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Inkster, J. E., F. D. Deb.Hovell, D. J. Kyle, D. S. Brown, and G. E. Lobley. "The effect of clenbuterol on basal protein turnover and endogenous nitrogen loss of sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 62, no. 2 (September 1989): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890030.

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Seven measurements of the effect of clenbuterol on basal nitrogen excretion (UNE), and protein turnover were made in six female sheep. The sheep were sustained by the intraruminal infusion of energy as volatile fatty acids to provide maintenance, but given no protein (N-free) for 12 d (6 d control, 6 d clenbuterol). Clenbuterol reduced UNEby 20 %, but only on day 2 of the 6 d subperiod. Protein flux (equivalent to degradation on N-free nutrition), measured on day 6 by the irreversible loss of leucine was significantly increased (12%) by clenbuterol. Amino-N oxidation measured by N excretion wa

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Sneddon, A. A., M. I. Delday та C. A. Maltin. "Amelioration of denervation-induced atrophy by clenbuterol is associated with increased PKC-α activity". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 279, № 1 (1 липня 2000): E188—E195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.1.e188.

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Rat soleus muscle was denervated for 3 or 7 days, and total membrane protein kinase C (PKC) activity and translocation and immunocytochemical localization of PKC isoforms were examined. Dietary administration of clenbuterol concomitant with denervation ameliorated the atrophic response and was associated with increased membrane PKC activity at both 3 (140%) and 7 (190%) days. Of the five PKC isoforms (α, ɛ, θ, ζ, and μ) detected in soleus muscle by Western immunoblotting, clenbuterol treatment affected only the PKC-α and PKC-θ forms. PKC-α was translocated to the membrane fraction upon denerva

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McKeever, K. H., H. C. Manso Filho, E. M. Rankins, C. S. Duchamp, Y. Salah, C. K. Fenger, W. C. Duer, K. Malinowski, and G. A. Maylin. "Clenbuterol plasma concentrations after therapeutic administration in fit Standardbred horses: threshold recommendations." Comparative Exercise Physiology 17, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep200065.

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Clenbuterol, (RS)-1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethan-1-ol, as Ventipulmin is an FDA approved β2 agonist medication for the management of airway obstruction in horses. Administration above the FDA approved doses for clenbuterol produces repartitioning effects, which have led to restrictions on its use in human athletics and Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred racing. Clenbuterol, however has long been used therapeutically at FDA approved doses in Harness racing. The goal of this study was to identify a withdrawal time guideline for its use at FDA approvsed dose levels in Harness

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Maltin, C. A., S. M. Hay, M. I. Delday, G. E. Lobley та P. J. Reeds. "The action of the β-agonist clenbuterol on protein metabolism in innervated and denervated phasic muscles". Biochemical Journal 261, № 3 (1 серпня 1989): 965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2610965.

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1. Clenbuterol treatment in innervated and denervated phasic extensor digitorum longus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles from rats caused a significant increase in RNA and protein contents in all muscles except denervated extensor digitorum longus. 2. All muscles showed an increase in the fractional rate of protein synthesis (Ks) with clenbuterol, but the temporal response varied. 3. The data suggest that the effect of clenbuterol on protein metabolism in innervated muscles is muscle-type specific, and demonstrate the homology of response for denervated muscles.

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&NA;. "Clenbuterol/heroin overdose." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1234 (January 2009): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912340-00037.

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