Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clerks of Courts

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Clerks of Courts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Clerks of Courts"

1

Liberman, Dvora. "Custodians of Continuity in an Era of Change: an Oral History of the Everyday Lives of Crown Court Clerks Between 1972 and 2015." Legal Information Management 18, no. 3 (September 2018): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669618000282.

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AbstractThis article discusses an oral history doctoral research project about the little known, yet critical role of the court clerk in Crown Courts. It is surprising that even though Crown Court clerks have been pivotal in trials of the most serious criminal offences, they have been neglected in legal scholarship. This research project has contributed towards filling an absence in the academic literature about the nature and function of their vital work between 1972 and 2015, and was carried out by Dvora Liberman, in partnership with the London School of Economics Legal Biography Project and National Life Stories, British Library.
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Mays, G. Larry, and William A. Taggart. "Court clerks, court administrators, and judges: Conflict in managing the courts." Journal of Criminal Justice 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(86)90022-x.

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Villagómez Moncayo, Byron. "How criminal courts blend punitive ends with immigration control aims: The decision-making process of the discretionary prosecution provision to authorise an administrative expulsion." Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica 18, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46381/reic.v18i2.327.

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The involvement of the criminal justice system in immigration control is nowadays a global phenomenon that has called the attention of academics and practitioners. The Spanish legal regime has not been immune to this occurrence, encompassing a series of situations in which criminal courts are required to make decisions that can have significant implications upon immigration law enforcement. One of the most noteworthy provisions in this regard is that by which criminal courts are allowed to exercise discretionary prosecution to authorise the administrative expulsion of a prosecuted foreigner (Art. 57.7 Aliens Act). Drawing on focused observation of a court setting and semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecutors, clerks, court personnel and defence attorneys, the main findings of this paper hover around the idea that expulsion is a court’s culturally constructed punishment, defined more by the meanings attributed to it by court actors than by its formal legal categorisation.
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Winkle, John W., and David England. "Clerks in the Civil Justice Process." American Review of Politics 13 (July 1, 1992): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1992.13.0.239-252.

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Published research on the legal process for the most part neglects the strategic importance of trial clerks in courtroom workgroups. Using a questionnaire survey, this study examines the duties and perceptions of clerks in civil courts in two states. Differences in work styles are related to differential modes of selection: appointment in Tennessee and election in Mississippi. Tennessee clerks follow a bureaucratic model while those in Mississippi follow a more political one. These differences may influence in large measure the kind and degree of outputs in the respective justice processes.
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Mason, Rebecca. "Women, Marital Status, and Law: The Marital Spectrum in Seventeenth-Century Glasgow." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 4 (October 2019): 787–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.86.

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AbstractEarly modern women are often categorized by historians in relation to their marital status—whether they appeared as single, married, or widowed women. These identifications reflected the effects of marriage on women's legal and social status. Focusing on the records of the burgh and commissary courts of seventeenth-century Glasgow, this article shows how Scottish women's legal status existed instead on a “marital spectrum,” including liminal phases prior to the formation of marriage as well as overlapping phases following remarriage after the death of a spouse. This spectrum situates women's legal claims in relation to their marital career, allowing for a closer reading of women's legal activities. Court clerks working in Glasgow documented women's varied marital, familial, and legal identities within the court records, a Scottish practice that can shed new light on how women negotiated the boundaries of justice in early modern courts of law.
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Dalügge-Momme, Natascha. "Englische Gerichtsverhandlungen in Deutschland und Europa." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00154.mom.

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Abstract Time and again, the topic of “Proceedings in English at German courts’ haunts the German media. Despite the failure of this experiment in some German cities, others keep trying again and again. This is intended to secure Germany as a court location in the long term. Other countries in Europe, such as Belgium, the Netherlands or France, have also been toying with these possibilities. What are the results there? Have they led to the expected securing of the place of jurisdiction? Are all those involved in the proceedings, such as judges, public prosecutors and lawyers, any witnesses, clerks, court ushers, the office and the interested public up to the challenge of following or conducting the proceedings in a language foreign to them? What are the experiences?
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McHardy, Alison K. "Kings’ Courts and Bishops’ Administrations in Fourteenth-Century England: A Study in Cooperation." Studies in Church History 56 (May 15, 2020): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2019.9.

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Behind the rhetoric and theory of crown-church conflict there was much cooperation in the everyday world, where practice and pragmatism often overrode legal and theoretical rules. This article examines the ways in which fourteenth-century English bishops and their clerks responded to the demands made of them by the royal courts. Bishops were bombarded with commands from the crown, with a resulting impact on diocesan records. The crown sought historic information about finance and rights, and commanded bishops to collect clerics’ debts and to enforce their attendance before the lay courts in both civil and criminal cases. Enquiries about the current status of individuals, whether professed in religious orders or legitimate, made considerable work for bishops. How enthusiastically and efficiently these orders were carried out is also evaluated and discussed.
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Ringel, Lewis S. "Designing a Moot Court: What to Do, What Not to Do, and Suggestions for How to Do It." PS: Political Science & Politics 37, no. 3 (July 2004): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096504004688.

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Educators often use role-playing exercises that involve problem based learning in their courses to improve their students' critical and analytical skills, introduce them to new ways of thinking, increase interaction with their fellow students, and to enhance student interest in course lessons and materials (Greening 1998; Albanese 1993; Hensley 1993).A popular role playing simulation is moot court (Deardoff and Aliotta 2003; Guiliuzza 1991). Moot courts are academic simulations of appellate advocacy that educate students about the law and the judicial process. Students, acting as lawyers or judges, “try” a case before an appellate court.2 In addition to acting as lawyers or judges, students are assigned to serve as “law clerks, reporters, or amicus brief writers” (Knerr and Sommerman 2001, 4). Moot court is an extremely fluid pedagogical tool which can be used for more than learning about the law or the judicial process. It has been used in a variety of disciplines including political science, media, history, journalism, sociology, art, economics, business, and the life sciences to educate students about a variety of subjects such as history, journalistic rights, anti-trust laws, or professional ethics (Carlson and Skaggs 2000; Dhooge 1999; Bentley 1996).
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Ochoa, Christiana. "Nature’s Rights." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 11.1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.11.1.natures.

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Do forests and rivers possess standing to sue? Do mountain ranges have substantive rights? A recent issue of The Judges’ Journal, a preeminent publication for American judges, alerts the bench, bar, and policymakers to the rapidly emerging “rights of nature,” predicting that state and federal courts will increasingly see claims asserting such rights. Within the United States, Tribal law has begun to legally recognize the rights of rivers, mountains, and other natural features. Several municipalities across the United States have also acted to recognize the rights of nature. United States courts have not yet addressed the issue, though in 2017, a plaintiff brought a suit claiming rights for the Colorado River ecosystem, although the case was dismissed. Meanwhile, several countries outside the United States have extended standing and substantive rights to nature, and that number is growing quickly. This international trend matters because U.S. Supreme Court Justices, including Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer, have argued that American courts should note and address cutting-edge legal developments in foreign jurisdictions. This Article provides the key foundational and theoretical basis for recognizing the rights of nature. It explores the intellectual and precedential basis for accepting nature’s rights, surveying developments in the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, and providing a survey of select legal systems that currently recognize such rights. It traces the geographic, theoretical, and practical development of the idea of nature’s rights, illustrating that human thought regarding the intrinsic value and rights of nature has evolved significantly since our common law on the issue was established. This Article thus provides the intellectual, moral, and philosophical foundation for students, clerks, judges, and lawmakers facing questions about extending rights to nature.
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Lima, Henrique Espada, and Fabiane Popinigis. "Maids, Clerks, and the Shifting Landscape of Labor Relations in Rio de Janeiro, 1830s–1880s." International Review of Social History 62, S25 (December 2017): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901700061x.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the lives of workers in small commerce and in domestic service in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro. It seeks to understand both what united and what differentiated maids (criadas) and clerks (caixeiros), two types of laborers whose lives and work had much in common, and two categories of labor that, although ubiquitous, are frequently overlooked in Brazilian labor history. We consider how, together, class, gender, and race shaped the divergent trajectories ofcriadasandcaixeirosover the course of the nineteenth century, and what the legal disputes in which they were involved during that period can teach us about the shifting dynamics in labor relations in a society marked by both slavery and labor dependency more broadly. As sources for this analysis, we draw on documents produced by legal proceedings from the 1830s through the 1880s, in which men and women involved in petty commerce and domestic service presented their cases before the courts to claim their unpaid wages.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clerks of Courts"

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Fay, Andrew John. "States of agreement a new look at law clerks and consensual norms in state supreme courts /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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2

Hamilton, Corey A. "The Determinants of Traffic Citation Revenues on Florida's Clerks of Court and Comptrollers." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3164.

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In the wake of budgetary restraints, many local government organizations are examining existing sources of revenue to exhaust available streams without increasing constituents' financial burden. Some of these revenue streams include nontraditional sources, such as traffic citations, yet little research has explored the implications of revenue generated from fines from traffic citations. Using the theory of resource dependence as the foundation, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the estimated population of the county, the unemployment rate of the county, and the personal income per capita against the number of traffic citations issued and the Florida Clerk of Court and Comptroller's (FCCC) revenues and budget attributable to traffic citations for 39 of Florida's counties for the years 2005-¬ - 2014. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses. The results of this study indicate a statistically significant (p < .001) relationship between population and personal income with increases and decreases, respectively, in the issuance of traffic citations and FCCC revenues attributable to traffic citations. Likewise, there was a statistically significant (p < .001) relationship between population and personal income with increases in the FCCC budget associated with traffic citations. Unemployment rate was not statistically associated with the issuance of traffic citations, and FCCC revenues and budget attributable to traffic citations. The findings of this study may promote positive social change by providing legislative awareness that the FCCCs continue to be dependent on the bulk of their revenues, and significant portion of their budget, from a nontraditional revenue source; the traffic citation.
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Deniel-Ternant, Myriam. "Écclésiastiques en débauche : la déviance sexuelle du clergé français au XVIIIe siècle, au crible des sources parisiennes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100030.

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Au XVIIIe siècle, grâce aux efforts redoublés de l’Église post-tridentine, le clergé semble davantage formé, éduqué et moralisé, comme en atteste le topos littéraire du « bon prêtre ». L’étude d’un corpus de sources éclectiques, issues des archives de la Bastille, du parlement et de l’officialité de Paris, révèle la persistance d’un contingent non négligeable de membres déviants. Enjeux d’une surveillance multiforme de la part de leurs ouailles, de leurs pairs, de leur hiérarchie ou des instances policières, les ecclésiastiques contreviennent à l’impératif de chasteté en entretenant des relations ancillaires, sodomites et tarifées, de manière fortuite ou régulière. Outre la mise en lumière de leurs pratiques sexuelles et d’une géographie de la capitale tentatrice, la confrontation des sources souligne l’existence de plusieurs effets de seuils entraînant scandale, saisine de justice et répression, préalables indispensables à une réconciliation du corps social
During the 18th century, thanks to the efforts of the post-tridentine catholic church, the Clergy seems to be better trained, more educated and have a more ethical conduct, as confirms the figure of the “Good Priest” in French literature. Various sources from the archives of the Bastille, parliament and ecclesiastical courts reveal that a substantial number of clergy members had a deviant behavior. Some Clerics transgress chastity rules and engage in casual or regular intercourse with servants, other men or prostitutes. They are subsequently closely kept under close surveillance by their parishioners, fellow priests, hierarchy or by the police. The corpus studied has permitted to highlight their sexual practices as well as the geography of the places of debauchery in the city. It also revealed the existence of several threshold effects and the ensuing scandals, court cases and repression, which were essential for society to be reconciled with its Clergy
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Scheepers, Chiquekita. "The role of the social worker in the interdisciplinary team providing statutory services to children and families in the cape metropole." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7993.

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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)
The role of statutory social workers is often misperceived by other role players in interdisciplinary teams; but even more so in the law fraternity spectrum. As such, social workers experience many challenges working with attorneys, magistrates and court clerks because they are often undermined by their counterparts in the interdisciplinary team. This places great strain on professional relationships in settings where these professions are required to work collaboratively, such as statutory services with children and families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the role of the social worker in the interdisciplinary team providing statutory services to children and families in the Cape Metropole. The theoretical framework selected for this study is conflict theory, because it is suited to explain the often-strenuous relationship between social workers and the rest of the interdisciplinary team in the law fraternity.
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Sajdak, Jeffrey L. "Group spiritual direction for pastors in Sioux County, Iowa." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Liberman, Dvora. "Custodians of continuity in an era of change : an oral history of the everyday lives of Crown Court clerks between 1972 and 2015." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3707/.

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This thesis investigates the life histories of Crown Court clerks between 1972 and 2015, and has uncovered unheard testimonies of the lived world of law. Drawing on 21 oral history interviews, it is posited that the Crown Court clerk was a pivotal player in the legal system during this period and their contribution to the performance of law has been largely neglected. Though they did not enjoy the economic, social and cultural capital of judges and barristers, or play a central role in the construction and determination of legal issues in hearings, they were chiefly responsible for the smooth functioning of the courtroom, and were constantly working to maintain order and facilitate the flow of proceedings. Court clerks can be characterised as stage managers of the courtroom drama in the sense that the onus was upon them to ensure that all the various props and parties were assembled in the courtroom at the right time, and to direct defendants, witnesses and jurors as to where and when to sit, stand, and what to say at the appropriate moment. Moreover, this thesis asserts that alongside judges and barristers, court clerks were active agents in the perpetuation of traditional practices through their use of official and formal codes of dress, speech and behaviour, and can be perceived as custodians of continuity. This finding is particularly interesting in light of scholarly accounts that have identified a period of radical change to the administration of justice following the founding of the new Courts Service in 1972. It is contended that Crown court clerks were not merely complicit in, but strongly supported a highly ritualised performance of justice. In so doing, they contributed towards upholding the authority and legitimacy of the criminal justice system in ways that have been largely unacknowledged.
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Wolfe, Perry. "Increasing the fellowship of Laclede County Baptist Association pastors and their wives to determine if it will lower anxiety and job stress levels." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p054-0247.

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Hutchinson, Jeffrey D. "Good work bringing the wisdom from above into the courts of the church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p036-0385.

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Willett, Walter Charles. "The factors that influence pastors to emphasize pastoral care in a rural county." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Phillips, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd). "The Relationship Between Work Roles and Information Seeking Behaviors Among Selected Protestant Ministers in Tarrant County, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277824/.

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Is there a relationship between work role and information seeking behavior? Three behaviors were examined: choice of information channel, choice of method for information retrieval, and choice of method for storing retrieved information. The Protestant clergy was selected as a profession with clearly identified work roles, including preacher and administrator. Questionnaires were mailed to 150 randomly selected ministers in Tarrant County, Texas. Sixty-four responded. Additionally, fifteen ministers selected at random were interviewed for additional data. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed using nonparametric statistical techniques.
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Books on the topic "Clerks of Courts"

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Directory of State Court Clerks and County Courthouses: State Court Clerks ; County Courthouses ; County Clerks ; State Supreme Court Justices ; State Vital Records Offices. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Leadership Directories Inc., 2014.

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Dolphin, Charlene A. In-court clerks' manual, October 1985. Anchorage, AK (303 "K" St., Anchorage 99501): Alaska Court System, Office of Special Projects, Administrative Office, 1985.

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Sheppard, Jennifer L. In chambers: A guide for judicial clerks and externs. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2012.

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Calkins, Susan. Procedural manual for State of Maine district court clerks. [Portland, Me.]: Administrative Office of the Courts, 1989.

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Hedges, Kamla King. BNA's directory of state courts, judges, and clerks: A state-by-state listing. Washington, D.C: BNA Books, 1986.

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Center, Federal Judicial, ed. Order in the courts: A history of the federal court clerk's office. Washington, DC (One Columbus Circle, N.E., Washington 20002-8003): Federal Judicial Center, 2002.

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BNA's directory of state and federal courts, judges, and clerks: A state-by-state and federal listing. 2nd ed. Arlington, VA: Bureau of National Affairs, 2012.

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Bureau of National Affairs (Arlington, Va.), ed. BNA's directory of state and federal courts, judges, and clerks: A state-by-state and federal listing. 2nd ed. Arlington, Va: BNA Books, 2010.

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Massachusetts. Committee on Professional Responsibility for Clerks of the Courts. Rules of the Committee on Professional Responsibility for Clerks of the Courts. Boston, Mass: The Committee, 1993.

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Rojewski, Michał. Referendarze sądowi. Asystenci sędziów. Urzędnicy sądowi: Obowiązki i uprawnienia : komentarz. Warszawa: C.H. Beck, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clerks of Courts"

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Hinckley, Jane. "Lancaster, Pennsylvania Clerk of Courts, Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children (1788–93)." In Family Life in England and America, 1690–1820, 183–93. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113058-34.

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Kay, Sarah. "Courts, clerks, and courtly love." In The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance, 81–96. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521553423.006.

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Ba, Aboubacry. "Professionalizing a Political Trial." In The President on Trial, 95–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858621.003.0014.

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This chapter highlights the ways in which the Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC) clerking experience compared to that of other Senegalese courts. In any trial, the clerk is a critical link as the guarantor of the proceedings. The EAC, under Senegalese jurisdiction, had qualified clerks to accompany the Administration, the different courts, and the Prosecutor's Office in the preparation, investigation, and judgment of the Hissène Habré case. It should be noted that the Habré trial, which was a first for Senegal, was almost a leap in the dark for clerks as they had had no experience with or training on the international courts which usually dealt with the types of crimes being brought before the African Chambers. The clerks nonetheless executed their work quite satisfactorily at the various posts to which they were assigned. Ultimately, the Habré trial was a rich experience in all manner of ways. On a professional level, it allowed some of the clerks to complete or participate in procedures that they had previously known only in theory. The trial is of immense pedagogical interest as it was the first time that a former president was tried on African soil. The chapter then considers the professionalization of political trials in Africa.
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Dickens, Charles. "Chapter XX Showing how Dodson and Fogg were Men of Business, and their Clerks Men of Pleasure; and how an affecting Interview took place between Mr. Weller and his long-lost Parent; showing also, what Choice Spirits assembled at the Magpie and Stump, and what a capital Chapter the next one will be." In The Pickwick Papers. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536245.003.0028.

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In the ground-floor front of a dingy house, at the very furthest end of Freeman’s Court, Cornhill, sat the four clerks of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg, two of His Majesty’s Attorneys of the Courts of King’s Bench and Common Pleas at Westminster, and solicitors...
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Ward, Artemus. "Chapter 6 Junior Varsity Judges? Law Clerks in the Decisional Process of the U.S. Supreme Court." In Constitutional Courts in Comparison, 165–79. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781785330964-010.

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McGovern, Jonathan. "The London Sheriffs’ Court and the York Court of Pleas." In The Tudor Sheriff, 162–95. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848246.003.0008.

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This chapter begins with an analysis of the London Sheriffs’ Court, held four times weekly at the Guildhall. It introduces the staff of the court, including its attorneys and clerks, and argues that the full court was held before the undersheriffs throughout the Tudor period. It discusses the actions and remedies available to plaintiffs, and discusses some representative lawsuits from the Elizabethan period. It reconstructs the court procedure, from the entry of an action at the sheriffs’ compters, to judgment and execution. It also analyses the court’s cost and popularity. A second, shorter section turns its attention to the York Court of Pleas, one of several other borough courts held before municipal sheriffs, providing information about its staff and procedure.
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Moult, Kelley. "Letting the outside in? Court clerks, discretion and the shifting boundary between community and court: domestic violence cases in South Africa." In Research Handbook on Law and Courts, 290–307. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788113205.00030.

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Kloppenberg, Lisa. "Life on the Bench." In The Best Beloved Thing is Justice, 59–80. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197608579.003.0006.

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This chapter covers Dorothy Wright Nelson’s transition to the federal bench. A proponent of merit selection, she worked with national leaders to open the doors for more women and minorities to become federal judges before President Carter appointed her as one of the early female federal appellate judges in the United States. She relished the opportunity to employ her ideas about court reform and alternatives to litigation at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She won awards for her progress in making mediation and other alternatives available in the federal courts. She improved efficiencies within the Ninth Circuit, helping to reduce a significant backlog of cases. She became a leader among the judges, building community within the Ninth Circuit because of the way she treated judges, lawyers, law clerks, and civil servants and the opportunities she brought them.
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Brand, Paul. "The Latin of the Early English Common Law." In Latin in Medieval Britain. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266083.003.0006.

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A distinctive feature of the English royal courts created in the last quarter of the 12th century was that they kept a full record of their business in Latin and the clerks who did this developed a distinctive vocabulary to translate the Anglo-Norman French they heard in court. This paper looks at some of that Medieval Latin lexicography for the legal profession: the development of specific terms for litigants and their representatives and judges; for the writs for initiating litigation and to secure the appearance of opponents; for the plaintiff’s claim or complaint and the defendant’s defence; for the modes of proof and judgement. The chapter concludes with a more detailed examination of the specific terminology of a single action (of replevin) which allowed someone whose property had been taken in distraint to challenge the justice of an unjust distraint.
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Gillespie, Alisdair, and Siobhan Weare. "14. Those in Court." In The English Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198785439.003.0014.

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This chapter focuses on the people who are present during criminal trials. It considers those in summary trials in magistrates’ court (magistrates, justices’ clerks/legal advisors, lawyers, and the defendant). It also considers those who are present in the Crown Court during a trial on indictment (the judge, the jury, lawyers, court clerks, the stenographer, the usher, and the defendant).
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Conference papers on the topic "Clerks of Courts"

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Kaushik, Adithya, Janet Dong, Ce Gao, and Hazem Elzarka. "Designing a Robotic Mechanism for Cleaning Trench Drains." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11762.

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Abstract This paper discusses the testing of a robotic mechanism for cleaning trench drains. The robot runs and operates inside the drain and cleans it without interfering with the surrounding traffic or the drain itself. The robot combines a three-step cleaning process to achieve maximum efficiency in cleaning of the drains. This three-step process includes breaking the dirt down inside the drain, sucking the dirt out of the drain, and transporting it to a collection unit. There is a drive system to move the robot inside the drain. The drive is bidirectional to control the robot motion as required. The robot also has a suction tube and cutting assembly with cutting arms to better facilitate the suction. The cutting arms have metal brushes installed, the rotation of which loosen the debris and push it towards the drain surface. Over the course of developing this robot, two prototypes were designed and built. All aspects relating to the fabrication and testing of the robot prototypes will be discussed in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Clerks of Courts"

1

Rousseau, Henri-Paul. Gutenberg, L’université et le défi numérique. CIRANO, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wodt6646.

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Introduction u cours des deux derniers millénaires, il y a eu plusieurs façons de conserver, transmettre et même créer la connaissance ; la tradition orale, l’écrit manuscrit, l’écrit imprimé et l’écrit numérisé. La tradition orale et le manuscrit ont dominé pendant plus de 1400 ans, et ce, jusqu’à l’apparition du livre imprimé en 1451, résultant de l’invention mécanique de Gutenberg. Il faudra attendre un peu plus de 550 ans, avant que l’invention du support électronique déloge à son tour le livre imprimé, prenant une ampleur sans précédent grâce à la révolution numérique contemporaine, résultat du maillage des technologies de l’informatique, de la robotique et de la science des données. Les premières universités qui sont nées en Occident, au Moyen Âge, ont développé cette tradition orale de la connaissance tout en multipliant l’usage du manuscrit créant ainsi de véritables communautés de maîtres et d’étudiants ; la venue de l’imprimerie permettra la multiplication des universités où l’oral et l’écrit continueront de jouer un rôle déterminant dans la création et la transmission des connaissances même si le « support » a évolué du manuscrit à l’imprimé puis vers le numérique. Au cours de toutes ces années, le modèle de l’université s’est raffiné et perfectionné sur une trajectoire somme toute assez linéaire en élargissant son rôle dans l’éducation à celui-ci de la recherche et de l’innovation, en multipliant les disciplines offertes et les clientèles desservies. L’université de chaque ville universitaire est devenue une institution florissante et indispensable à son rayonnement international, à un point tel que l’on mesure souvent sa contribution par la taille de sa clientèle étudiante, l’empreinte de ses campus, la grandeur de ses bibliothèques spécialisées ; c’est toutefois la renommée de ses chercheurs qui consacre la réputation de chaque université au cours de cette longue trajectoire pendant laquelle a pu s’établir la liberté universitaire. « Les libertés universitaires empruntèrent beaucoup aux libertés ecclésiastiques » : Étudiants et maîtres, qu'ils furent, ou non, hommes d'Église, furent assimilés à des clercs relevant de la seule justice ecclésiastique, réputée plus équitable. Mais ils échappèrent aussi largement à la justice ecclésiastique locale, n'étant justiciables que devant leur propre institution les professeurs et le recteur, chef élu de l’université - ou devant le pape ou ses délégués. Les libertés académiques marquèrent donc l’émergence d'un droit propre, qui ménageait aux maîtres et aux étudiants une place à part dans la société. Ce droit était le même, à travers l'Occident, pour tous ceux qui appartenaient à ces institutions supranationales que furent, par essence, les premières universités. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l'affirmation des États nationaux obligea les libertés académiques à s'inscrire dans ce nouveau cadre politique, comme de simples pratiques dérogatoires au droit commun et toujours sujettes à révision. Vestige vénérable de l’antique indépendance et privilège octroyé par le prince, elles eurent donc désormais un statut ambigu » . La révolution numérique viendra fragiliser ce statut. En effet, la révolution numérique vient bouleverser cette longue trajectoire linéaire de l’université en lui enlevant son quasi monopole dans la conservation et le partage du savoir parce qu’elle rend plus facile et somme toute, moins coûteux l’accès à l’information, au savoir et aux données. Le numérique est révolutionnaire comme l’était l’imprimé et son influence sur l’université, sera tout aussi considérable, car cette révolution impacte radicalement tous les secteurs de l’économie en accélérant la robotisation et la numérisation des processus de création, de fabrication et de distribution des biens et des services. Ces innovations utilisent la radio-identification (RFID) qui permet de mémoriser et de récupérer à distance des données sur les objets et l’Internet des objets qui permet aux objets d’être reliés automatiquement à des réseaux de communications .Ces innovations s’entrecroisent aux technologies de la réalité virtuelle, à celles des algorithmiques intelligentes et de l’intelligence artificielle et viennent littéralement inonder de données les institutions et les organisations qui doivent alors les analyser, les gérer et les protéger. Le monde numérique est né et avec lui, a surgi toute une série de compétences radicalement nouvelles que les étudiants, les enseignants et les chercheurs de nos universités doivent rapidement maîtriser pour évoluer dans ce Nouveau Monde, y travailler et contribuer à la rendre plus humain et plus équitable. En effet, tous les secteurs de l’activité commerciale, économique, culturelle ou sociale exigent déjà clairement des connaissances et des compétences numériques et technologiques de tous les participants au marché du travail. Dans cette nouvelle logique industrielle du monde numérique, les gagnants sont déjà bien identifiés. Ce sont les fameux GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft) suivis de près par les NATU (Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla et Uber) et par les géants chinois du numérique, les BATX (Baidu, Alibaba, Tenant et Xiaomi). Ces géants sont alimentés par les recherches, les innovations et les applications mobiles (APPs) créées par les partenaires de leurs écosystèmes regroupant, sur différents campus d’entreprises, plusieurs des cerveaux qui sont au cœur de cette révolution numérique. L’université voit donc remise en question sa capacité traditionnelle d’attirer, de retenir et de promouvoir les artisans du monde de demain. Son aptitude à former des esprits critiques et à contribuer à la transmission des valeurs universelles est également ébranlée par ce tsunami de changements. Il faut cependant reconnaître que les facultés de médecine, d’ingénierie et de sciences naturelles aux États-Unis qui ont développé des contacts étroits, abondants et suivis avec les hôpitaux, les grandes entreprises et l’administration publique et cela dès la fin du 19e siècle ont été plus en mesure que bien d’autres, de recruter et retenir les gens de talent. Elle ont énormément contribué à faire avancer les connaissances scientifiques et la scolarisation en sciences appliquées ..La concentration inouïe des Prix Nobel scientifiques aux États-Unis est à cet égard très convaincante . La révolution numérique contemporaine survient également au moment même où de grands bouleversements frappent la planète : l’urgence climatique, le vieillissement des populations, la « déglobalisation », les déplacements des populations, les guerres, les pandémies, la crise des inégalités, de l’éthique et des démocraties. Ces bouleversements interpellent les universitaires et c’est pourquoi leur communauté doit adopter une raison d’être et ainsi renouveler leur mission afin des mieux répondre à ces enjeux de la civilisation. Cette communauté doit non seulement se doter d’une vision et des modes de fonctionnement adaptés aux nouvelles réalités liées aux technologies numériques, mais elle doit aussi tenir compte de ces grands bouleversements. Tout ceci l’oblige à s’intégrer à des écosystèmes où les connaissances sont partagées et où de nouvelles compétences doivent être rapidement acquises. Le but de ce texte est de mieux cerner l’ampleur du défi que pose le monde numérique au milieu universitaire et de proposer quelques idées pouvant alimenter la réflexion des universitaires dans cette démarche d’adaptation au monde numérique. Or, ma conviction la plus profonde c’est que la révolution numérique aura des impacts sur nos sociétés et notre civilisation aussi grands que ceux provoqués par la découverte de l’imprimerie et son industrialisation au 15e siècle. C’est pourquoi la première section de ce document est consacrée à un rappel historique de la révolution de l’imprimerie par Gutenberg alors que la deuxième section illustrera comment les caractéristiques de la révolution numérique viennent soutenir cette conviction si profonde. Une troisième section fournira plus de détails sur le défi d’adaptation que le monde numérique pose aux universités alors que la quatrième section évoquera les contours du changement de paradigme que cette adaptation va imposer. La cinquième section servira à illustrer un scénario de rêves qui permettra de mieux illustrer l’ampleur de la gestion du changement qui guette les universitaires. La conclusion permettra de revenir sur quelques concepts et principes clefs pour guider la démarche vers l’action. L’université ne peut plus « être en haut et seule », elle doit être « au centre et avec » des écosystèmes de partenariats multiples, dans un modèle hybride physique/virtuel. C’est ainsi qu’elle pourra conserver son leadership historique de vigie du savoir et des connaissances d’un monde complexe, continuer d’établir l’authenticité des faits et imposer la nécessaire rigueur de la science et de l’objectivité.
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2

Courtesy clerk at grocery store falls from a ladder and dies in California. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface92ca017.

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