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Journal articles on the topic 'Clevenger apparatus'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Wesołowska, Aneta, Monika Grzeszczuk, and Dorota Jadczak. "Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus." Herba Polonica 60, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0006.

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Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.
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2

Périno, Sandrine, Zoubida Chemat-Djenni, Emmanuel Petitcolas, Christian Giniès, and Farid Chemat. "Downscaling of Industrial Turbo-Distillation to Laboratory Turbo-Clevenger for Extraction of Essential Oils. Application of Concepts of Green Analytical Chemistry." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152734.

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In the effort of innovation towards green analytical chemistry concepts and considering the six principles of green extraction, the industrial turbodistillation process was downscaled into a laboratory apparatus turbo-Clevenger (TC) for the extraction of essential oils. Turbodistillation is used as an industrial purpose for the extraction of essential oils from hard matrixes such as wood, barks, seeds. In this work, a TC and the conventional technique of hydrodistillation (HD, Clevenger apparatus) are used for the extraction of essential oils from three spices with hard structures (Illicium verum, Schinus terebinthifolius, and Cinnamomum cassia) and are compared. This study shows that the essential oils extracted by TC in 30 min were quantitatively (yield and kinetics profile) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained using conventional hydrodistillation in 3 h. This process, which gave a reduced extraction time, was perfectly adapted to the extraction of hard matrixes.
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3

Ferhat, Mohamed A., Brahim Y. Meklati, Jacqueline Smadja, and Farid Chemat. "An improved microwave Clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from orange peel." Journal of Chromatography A 1112, no. 1-2 (April 2006): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.030.

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4

Wang, Fa Song, Yun He Li, Dong Hai Huang, and Jia Gui Xiang. "Chemical Composition of the Root Bark Oil of Litsea mollis from China." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.132.

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The essential oil from the Root Bark of Litsea mollis was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 31 compounds were identified, representing 95.22% of the oil. The main components identified were (R)-citronellal (39.9%), (R)-citronellol (13.63%), (Z)-citral (11.5%) and β-caryophyllene (5.78%).
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5

Capetanos, Chrysostomos, Vasiliki Saroglou, Petar Marin, Ana Simic, and Helen Skaltsa. "Essential oil analysis of two endemic Eryngium species from Serbia." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 10 (2007): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0710961c.

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The volatile composition of two Eryngium species was studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, and their analyses were performed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 58 different compounds were identified. Their main constituents were as follows: E. serbicum: germacrene D (19.7 %), ?-elemene (10.0 %) and spathulenol (6.9 %); E. palmatum: sesquicineole (21.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (16.0 %), spathulenol (16.0 %) and sabinene (5.5 %). The main portion in both studied taxa consisted of sesquiterpenes. .
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6

Huang, Dong Hai, Fa Song Wang, Yun He Li, and Jia Gui Xiang. "Chemical Composition of the Twig Oil of Litsea mollis from China." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.136.

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The essential oil from the twig of Litsea mollis was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 39 compounds were identified, representing 89.27% of the oil. Among the twig oil compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes (39.06%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (36.62%) were predominant (75.68% in total). Among the oxygenated monoterpenes, eucalyptol (9.9%), (R)-citronellol (7.23%), (R)-citronellal (7.0%), and (Z)-citral (5.03%) were the major compounds. Of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, β-caryophyllene (7.96%), (-)-α-panasinsene (6.31) and à-Caryophyllene (6.28%) were the main components.
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7

Rama, M., and B. Syama Sundar. "Seasonal Variation of Essential Oils Composition of A Medicinal Plant - Ocimum sanctum (Purple)." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2019.ajomc-p165.

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The present study deals with the extraction of total essential oils from medicinal plant Ocimum sanctum (Purple) in four different seasons of 2010 calendar year. Extraction of total essential oil content of plant materials was carried out by Soxhlet extraction whereas extraction of volatile oils by steam distillation using Clevenger type apparatus. Total essential oil and volatile oils are more in winter season (November month) whereas very less quantity in summer season (May month). Eugenol is the major constituent present in the plant. The percentage composition of eugenol in four seasons was found from gas chromatography analysis.
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8

Teyeb, Hassen, Sami Zouari, Wahiba Douki, Mohamed Fadhel Najjar, and Mohamed Neffati. "Variation in Volatiles of Astragalus gombiformis Pomel." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-1-201.

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The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus) from aerial parts of Astragalus gombiformis were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This study showed that the A. gombiformis essential oils are complex mixtures of important natural compounds, which varied qualitatively and quantitatively between cultivated and wild plants and between phenological stages of development. All analysed oils are characterized by the constant presence of phytol, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, 4-terpineol, and γ-terpinene. This study is the fi rst report on the chemical composition of essential oils from A. gombiformis and indicates that these oils should be more studied.
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9

Su, Yu-Chang, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition and in-vitro CytotoxicActivities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Beilschmiedia erythrophloia from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800135.

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This study investigated the chemical composition and in-vitro cytotoxic activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Beilschmiedia erythrophloia. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Fifty-five compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were β-caryophyllene (22.6%), α-humulene (21.9%), terpinen-4-ol (5.3%), cis-β-ocimene (5.1%), sabinene (5.0%) and limonene (4.5%). The anticancer activities of oil were evaluated. The results showed that the oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells.
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10

Feltrin, Fabiula Marta, Luciana Gibbert, Nayana Cristina da Silva Santos, Francisco De Assis Marques, Marilis Dallarmi Miguel, Sandra Maria Warumby Zanin, Obdúlio Gomes Miguel, Cláudia Carneiro Hecke Krüger, and Josiane De Fátima Gaspari Dias. "Extraction and identification of essential oil components from the leaves of Syzygium malaccense (L.) MERR. & L.M. PERRY, MYRTACEAE." Ciência e Natura 42 (May 11, 2020): e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41392.

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Popularly known as red jamb, the species Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. L.M. Perry is an Asian tree from India, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand that has adapted to the climate and soil of the North, Northeast and Southeast of Brazil. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of this species have already been cited in the literature. This study aimed to extract and identify the essential oil constituents of the leaves of this species. The leaves were dried and ground; and the essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil presented yield of 0.03%, containing monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and the major compounds were identified as spatulenol, sesquisabinene transhydrate and (E) -Caryophyllene.
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11

Duta, Denisa E., David L. Comaniciu, Alina Culetu, Mioara Negoita, Valentin Ionescu, Harald Barzan, Valentin L. Ordodi, and Gabriela Barzan. "New Small Scale Equipment for Obtaining Dill and Cumin Essential Oils." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.2.7932.

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Essential oils of natural origin are excellent raw materials for the food industry as well as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study, a new equipment, designed at small scale, which facilitates the yield of essential oils from various plant sources via hydrodistillation using the classical Clevenger apparatus is presented. The working of this equipment consists in oils distillation from raw plant material with steam, recirculating the water and collecting the volatile oil yield. The proposed designed equipment ensures high yield while keeping energy consumption to a minimum using proper thermal insulation. The yielded product is within the quality parameters for natural products imposed by regulators.
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12

Lu, Zhan Guo, Lin Wang, and Wei Li. "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from the Basil Cultivated in Heilongjiang." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.915.

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The essential oil was obtained from the white Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in Heilongjiang by hydrodistillation in a clevenger apparatus with 0.28% yield. Then the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 25 constituents were detected, 24 compounds representing for 98.99% were identified, of which the most abundant compound was β-linalool (64.421%). The antibacterial activities of oil were tested against 3 different general of bacteria and were compared with that of the Penicillin sodium, using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The result showed that the oil has powerful inhibitory effects against Staphylicoccus albus, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli.
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13

Carikci, Sema, Ahmet C. Goren, Tuncay Dirmenci, Burhanettin Yalcinkaya, Aysen Erkucuk, and Gulacti Topcu. "Composition of the essential oil of Satureja metastasiantha: a new species for the flora of Turkey." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 75, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2020): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2019-0208.

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AbstractThe aerial parts of Satureja metastasiantha were hydrodistilled for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, simultaneously, the main compounds of which were characterized as p-cymene (22.3%), thymol (21.0%), carvacrol (18.4%), and γ-terpinene (12.1%). Antioxidant capacity, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition effects, and antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the species were evaluated. The anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil of S. metastasiantha was observed with 30% inhibition at 200 μg/mL. The essential oil of the species showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus with 128 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration value.
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14

Stankovic, Mihajlo, Ljiljana Stanojevic, Nada Nikolic, and Milorad Cakic. "The effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. Ex. A.W. Hill) seeds milling and fermentation conditions on essential oil yield and composition." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 11, no. 4 (2005): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0504177s.

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Parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex. A.W. Hill) is well known as a medicinal herb with antimicrobical, hypotensitive, diuretic, laxative and spasmolitic effects. Essential oil is present in all parts of the herb. In this paper the effect of parsley seeds milling and fermentation conditions on the essential oil yield and composition were studied. The essential oil yield was determined by a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the oil composition by GC analysis. The obtained oil contained ?-pinene, ?-pinene, sabinene, myristicin, 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-1-allylbenzene, apiole and 1,2 benzene-dicarbonic acid. The physico-chemical properties of the isolated oil were determined and found to correspond to the standard values.
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15

Hsu, Kuang-Ping, San-Hsien Tu, Yu-Chang Su, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity Against Food-Borne Pathogens of Calocedrus formosana Heartwood Essential Oil." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 5 (May 2021): 1934578X2110202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x211020223.

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This study investigated the chemical composition, and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens of the essential oil isolated from the heartwood of Calocedrus formosana from Taiwan. The oil, isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, was characterized using GC–FID and GC–MS. The major constituents were τ-muurolol (16.1%), α-cadinol (11.1%), α-terpineol (10.6%), thymol (8.5%), and β-thujaplicin (4.5%). The oil demonstrated strong activity against food-borne bacterial and fungal pathogens, and, to determine the source compounds responsible for this activity , the main components were individually evaluated. The most active source compounds were determined to be τ-muurolol, α-cadinol, thymol, and β-thujaplicin.
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16

Tava, Aldo, Roberto Cecotti, Maris Grecchi, Luca Falchero, Mauro Coppa, and Giampiero Lombardi. "Volatile Constituents of Festuca nigrescens, Phleum alpinum and Poa alpina from N.W. Italian Alpine Pastures." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 1 (January 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600124.

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The composition of the volatile fractions of three important grasses from subalpine N.W. Italian pastures, namely Festuca nigrescens Lam. non Gaudin (chewing fescue), Phleum alpinum L. (alpine timothy) and Poa alpina L. (alpine bluegrass) was investigated. The fresh aerial parts were collected at the flowering stage during the summer season. The volatile oils obtained from green tissues by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.04 ± 0.01% weight/fresh weight bases for each of the investigated species. Several classes of compounds were found in the volatile fractions, including aldehydes, alcohols, acids, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, terpenes, and phenolics. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed.
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17

Wangchuk, Phurpa, Paul A. Keller, Stephen G. Pyne, Malai Taweechotipatr, and Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan. "GC/GC-MS Analysis, Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Essential Oil Components from the Bhutanese Medicinal Plant, Pleurospermum Amabile." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 9 (September 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800930.

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We have hydrodistilled the essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of the Bhutanese medicinal plant, Pleurospermum amabile using a Clevenger apparatus and evaluated this EO by GC/GC-MS and NMR analysis followed by testing for bioactivity. The GC-MS analysis identified 52 compounds with ( E)-isomyristicin as a major component (32.2%). Repeated purification yielded four compounds; ( E)-isomyristicin (1), ( E)-isoapiol (2), methyl eugenol (3) and ( E)-isoelemicin (4). Compound 2 and the mother EO showed the best antiplasmodial activity against the Plasmodium falciparum strains, TM4/8.2 (chloroquine and antifolate sensitive) and K1CB1 (multidrug resistant). They exhibited mild antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. None of the test samples showed cytotoxicity.
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18

Su, Yu-Chang, Kuan-Ping Hsu, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition, in vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus konishii from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 9 (September 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100944.

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The chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the leaf essential oil of Machilus konishii has been investigated. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS. Sixty-six compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were α-pinene (33.9%), β-pinene (13.9%), and thymol (12.0%). The leaf oil was able to reduce nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages RAW 264.7 without reducing the cell viability. In addition, the leaf oil showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The major ingredient of the oil that was responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was thymol.
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19

Zeghib, Assia, Ahmed Kabouche, Souheila Laggoune, Claude-Alain Calliste, Alain Simon, Philippe Bressolier, Mahjoub Aouni, Jean-Luc Duroux, and Zahia Kabouche. "Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Thymus guyonii Essential Oil." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 10 (October 2017): 1934578X1701201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701201032.

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The aerial parts of Thymus guyonii were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 26 components were identified representing 99.8%, with carvacrol (55.6%), thymol (21.2%), o-cymene (9.7%) and δ-terpinene (5.7%) as the major components. T. guyonii essential oil exhibited a good bactericidal effect (MBC/MIC ratio = 2) against all the tested pathogenic bacteria. The essential oil lacks antiviral activity towards coxsackievirus B3 however it showed a good DPPH radical scavenging at 0.5 and 5 mg/mL test-concentrations (15.5±1.2% and 44.3±1.95%, respectively). The essential oil exhibited a proliferation inhibition of Human colorectal cell line HT-29 (30.4±3.4%) at 50 μg/mL test-concentration.
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20

D.C., Shova, Binita Maharjan, Timila Shrestha, Samjhana Bharati, and Ram Lal Shrestha. "GC-MS analysis, antibacterial, antioxidant study and brine shrimp lethality analysis of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague." Amrit Research Journal 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/arj.v1i1.32452.

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Fruit part of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague was subjected to extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus. So collected essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS for its composition and exhibited the presence of 10 different compounds. The most abundant were γ-terpinene (53.81%) and thymol (29.40%). Antibacterial activity was performed against six bacterial species and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloaceae and Bacillus subtilis were the most susceptible to the essential oil showing zone of inhibition (ZOI) 1.4, 1.5 and 1.4 cm respectively. The IC50 value of the oil against DPPH was found to be 0.94 mg/mL. The LC50 value of essential oil of T. ammi against brine shrimp was found 26.2 μg/mL.
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21

Çarıkçı, Sema. "Characterization of Nepeta viscida, N. nuda subsp. nuda and the Putative Hybrid N. × tmolea Essential Oils." Records of Natural Products 15, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/rnp.250.21.04.2033.

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Nepeta viscida, N. nuda subsp. nuda, and their putative hybrid N. × tmolea were evaluated for their essential oils with chemotaxonomical aspect. Hybrid of N. x tmolea individuals were observed in the regions where the distribution of N. viscida and N. nuda subsp. nuda taxa were present, namely Dursunbey (Balıkesir) and Ödemiş (İzmir) natural habitats, respectively. The aerial parts of the taxa were hydrodistilled for 4 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oils were analyzed both by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The main components of the oils for the species collected were spathulenol, β-elemene, and 1,8-cineole, supporting the hybridization proposition.
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22

Hussin, Nor Naimah, Noor Suhana Adzahar, Thong Chuan Lee, and Jayarama Reddy Venugopal. "Chemical Constituents Profiles and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium guajava Leaves Essential Oil." Materials Science Forum 1025 (March 2021): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1025.242.

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The chemical constituents of Psidium guajava essential oil was analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The essential oil was obtained from dried leaves by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. From the initial screening, 20 components were detected with different amounts traced. The most abundant constituents observed in the oil were Limonene (23.39%), Caryophyllene (18.19%), Cyclooctasiloxane (14.46%), and Pinene (13.50%). The essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus with inhibition range of 6-25 mm. The profile of chemical constituents present in the oil able to serve as preliminary screening of the bioactive components posses in a natural plants for investigating antibacterial properties in regenerative medicine.
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23

Danila, Elena, Durmus Alpaslan Kaya, Mariana Patrascu, and Madalina Albu Kaya. "Comparative Study of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils Obtained by Microwave and Classical Hydrodistillation." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 8 (September 15, 2018): 2240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.8.6508.

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Lavandula angustifolia which belong to Lamiaceae family with origins in the Mediterranean regionis one of the most important species of Lavandula. The most common method for obtaining the essential oil of lavender is described in the literature is steam hydrodistillation using a Neo-Clevenger, official method described in the European Pharmacopoeia. Another method described in the literature for obtaining oil of lavender is the extraction using microwave. The aim of this study was to obtain lavender essential oils bythese two different methods: classical hydrodistillation using Neo-Clevenger apparatus and microwave�assisted extraction. The yield of extraction was different for the two of methods 0.124 % for classical hydrodistillation and 0.6 % for microwave � assisted extraction. In order to establish and compare the chemical composition of lavender essential oils we used a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the classical hydrodistillation method 44 components with 99.20% yield and in microwave extraction, 46 components with 99.33% yields have been identified. The main compound of essential oil obtained was Linalool. But the other secondary main components are totally different. Even if the obtainedyield for lavender essential oil was bigger in the case of classical hydrodistillation, taking into account the time of extraction was lower for the oil obtained by microwave, it is recommended to continue with this modern method.
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24

KRINSKI, Diones, Luís Amilton FOERSTER, and Cicero DESCHAMPS. "First phytochemical description of essential oils from Piper cachimboense (Piperales, Piperaceae)." Acta Amazonica 48, no. 1 (March 2018): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201703340.

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ABSTRACT Piper cachimboense is recorded only for the Amazon region of Brazil and Colombia, and the objective of this study was to report the first phytochemical assessment of the composition of the essential oils (EOs) from this species collected in the Amazon rainforest, in Novo Progresso, Pará State, Brazil. Samples of leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical identification was carried out by gas chromatography. The yield of oils was of 11.03 ± 5.94% for fresh leaves, and 1.07 ± 0.27% for dry leaves. The analysis showed 36 volatile compounds from fresh leaves and 49 from dried leaves. Main constituents in EOs of both fresh and dried leaves from P. cachimboense were (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene-D, γ-amorfene, δ-cadinene and apiole.
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25

Costa, Emmanoel Vilaça, Lívia Macedo Dutra, Paulo Cesar de Lima Nogueira, Valéria Regina de Souza Moraes, Marcos José Salvador, Luis Henrique Gonzaga Ribeiro, and Fernanda Ramos Gadelha. "Essential Oil from the Leaves of Annona vepretorum: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 2 (February 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700240.

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The essential oil from the leaves of Annona vepretorun was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Eighteen compounds representing 98.1% of the crude essential oil were identified. The major compounds identified were bicyclogermacrene (43.7%), spathulenol (11.4%), α-felandrene (10.0%), α-pinene (7.1%), (E)-β-ocimene (6.8%), germacrene D (5.8%), and p-cymene (4.2%). The trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms, as well as, the antimicrobial and antioxidant proprieties was investigated. The essential oil showed a potent trypanocidal activity with IC50 value of 31.9±1.3μg.mL-1. For antimicrobial activity, the best result was observed against Candida tropicalis with a MIC value of 100μg.mL-1. For antioxidant capacity the essential oil showed weak activity.
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26

Su, Yu-Chang, Kuan-Ping Hsu, Eugene I.-Chen Wang, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition and in vitro Anticancer Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Neolitsea variabillima from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 4 (April 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800432.

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This study investigated the chemical composition and in vitro anticancer activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Neolitsea variabillima. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Sixty-seven compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were trans-β-ocimene (13.4%), α-cadinol (10.5%), terpinen-4-ol (9.3%), τ-cadinol (9.2%), β-caryophyllene (8.8%), and sabinene (6.7%). The anticancer activities of oil were evaluated. The results showed that the oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells. The presence of β-caryophyllene, τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol significantly contributed to the anticancer activities of N. variabillima leaf oil.
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Porte, A., R. L. O. Godoy, and L. H. Maia-Porte. "Chemical composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil from the Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 15, no. 3 (2013): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722013000300018.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil from fresh leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro State, for international trade. The oil was isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed through a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS. The yield was 2.3 % on dry basis. Forty-seven constituents were identified according to their chromatographic retention indices and mass spectra, corresponding to 94.90 % of the compounds present. The major constituents of the oil were α-thujone (40.90 %), camphor (26.12 %), α-pinene (5.85 %) and β-thujone (5.62 %). The essential oil studied was similar to those found in several European countries and can be a valuable product for the small farmers from the Petrópolis region in Rio de Janeiro State.
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Morais, Sandra Ribeiro de, Thiago Levi Silva Oliveira, Maria Teresa Freitas Bara, Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição, Maria Helena Rezende, Pedro Henrique Ferri, and José Realino de Paula. "Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil fromLippia sidoidesCham. (Verbenaceae) Leaves Cultivated in Hidrolândia, Goiás, Brazil." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/363919.

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Several studies involving the family Verbenaceae, occurring in the Brazilian Cerrado, have emphasized the popular use of many aromatic species. We highlight the use ofLippia sidoidesCham., known as “alecrim pimenta,” native to northeastern Brazil and northern Minas Gerais. Leaves of this species were collected in antropized Brazilian Cerrado area, in Hidrolândia, Goiás, and their essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and thereafter analyzed GC/MS. Among the compounds identified in this study were the most abundant oxygenated monoterpenes, followed by sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons. The oxygenated monoterpene 1,8-cineole was the major constituent followed by isoborneol and bornyl acetate. The chemical composition of essential oil described in this paper differs from that described in the literature forL. sidoidesfound in its native environment, where the major constituents are thymol and carvacrol.
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Daroui-Mokaddem, Habiba, Ahmed Kabouche, Mabrouka Bouacha, Boudjemaa Soumati, Aida El-Azzouny, Christian Bruneau, and Zahia Kabouche. "GC/MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Fresh Leaves of Eucalytus Globulus, and Leaves and Stems of Smyrnium Olusatrum from Constantine (Algeria)." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 10 (October 2010): 1934578X1000501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000501031.

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The essential oils of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus L. (Myrtaceae), and leaves and stems of Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae), obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty compounds were characterized, representing 98.3% of the essential oil of E. globulus, with 1,8-cineole (48.6%), globulol (10.9%), trans-pinocarveol (10.7%), and α-terpineol (6.6%) as main components, while thirty-three compounds were characterized, representing 94.3% of the essential oil of S. olusatrum, with sabinene (27.1%), curzerene (13.7%), methyl-1-benzyl-2-oxocyclooctane carboxylate (12.3%), α-pinene (7.2%), cryptone (7.1%) and β-pinene (5.7%) as the major components. The essential oils of E. globulus and S. olusatrum were tested against a wide range of fungal and bacterial strains. Both oils showed significant antimicrobial activity.
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Costa, Emmanoel Vilaça, Lívia Macedo Dutra, Hugo César Ramos de Jesus, Paulo Cesar de Lima Nogueira, Valéria Regina de Souza Moraes, Marcos José Salvador, Sócrates Cabral de Holanda Cavalcanti, Roseli La Corte dos Santos, and Ana Paula do Nacimento Prata. "Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oils of Annona Salzmannii and A. pickelii (Annonaceae)." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 6 (June 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600636.

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The essential oils from the leaves of Annona salzmannii and A. pickelii (Annonaceae) growing in Sergipe, northeastern region of Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Thirty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil of A. salzmannii and twenty-seven in that of A. pickelii; sesquiterpenes predominated in both essential oils. Bicyclogermacrene (20.3%), ( E)-caryophyllene (19.9%), δ-cadinene (15.3%), α-copaene (10.0%), and allo-aromadendrene (5.7%) were the main components of A. salzmannii, and bicyclogermacrene (45.4%), ( E)-caryophyllene (14.6%), and α-copaene (10.6%) of A. pickelii. The essential oils showed significant antioxidant capacity in the ORACFL and DPPH assays. The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils was also evaluated against bacteria and fungi, as well as the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae.
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Elouaddari, Anass, Abdelaziz El Amrani, Jamal JamalEddine, José G. Barroso, Luis G. Pedro, and Ana Cristina Figueiredo. "Intraspecific Variability of the Essential Oil of Cladanthus mixtus from Morocco." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900137.

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Air-dried aerial parts of wild Cladanthus mixtus were collected from two different regions of Morocco, Bouznika and Oujda, during 2011 and 2012. Forty individual plant samples were hydrodistilled using a Clevenger apparatus and the obtained essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yield obtained varies greatly with a range of 0.3 to 0.8%. The chemical composition of C. mixtus oils changes from one region to another. A total of 53 constituents were identified. To the best of our knowledge, two chemotypes were defined for the first time for this species in the regions studied. 2-Methyl-2- trans-butenyl methacrylate (32.8–35.2%) / ar-curcumene (13–14%) characterize the chemotypeof the C. mixtus plants from Bouznika, and trans-β-farnesene (35.5–50.3%) the chemotype from Oujda.
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32

M. Dakir, M. Achir. "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential oil from Scales of Moroccan Juniperus phoenicea." Universities' Journal of Phytochemistry and Ayurvedic Heights 1, no. 30 (June 26, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51129/ujpah-june2021-30-1(1).

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Abstract-The essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea was obtained by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus with a yield of 1.9 % and was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Twelve volatile compounds were identified representing 99,85% of the total oil composition, while the α-pinene (78,31%), β-Myrcene (11,92%) and limonene (3,96%) were the major compounds. This essential oil was evaluated as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. The result showed that the oil presents a high biological activity as an antibacterial agent against the three tested strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginos. It's also active as an antifungal agent against the Candida albicans with a zone inhibition of 28 mm. Keywords: Medicinal plant, Juniperus, phoenicea, Essential oil, Chemical composition, Antimicrobial activity.
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33

Mohammed, Muthanna J., and Hiyam A. Ebraheem. "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Pimpinella anisum Oils and its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 11, no. 02 (June 25, 2020): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.2.12.

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Essential and fixed oils of anise plant Pimpinella anisum growing in Iraq have been investigated regarding their chemical components, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Essential oils were extracted using the Clevenger-apparatus, while fixed oil was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the analysis of the oil components. Six strains of bacteria, namely S. epidermidis, S. aureus, E. coli, B. cereus, P. vulgaris, and S. typhimurium were tested against the antimicrobial activity of each oil. Anise oil demonstrated a broad antibacterial property range, against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, through the inhibition zone. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disk diffusion process against the test organisms. The agar dilution method was used at five different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) throughout the test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for each volatile and fixed oil. The DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to test the antioxidant activities of essential and fixed oils. Anise oil showed excellent antioxidant activity, in comparison with the reference compounds. Anise oil has the potential to be used as a therapeutic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent.
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Su, Yu-Chang, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition, in-vitro Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus mushaensis from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 2 (February 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800236.

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This study investigated the chemical composition, in-vitro anticancer, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Machilus mushaensis from Taiwan. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Forty compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were n-decanal (61.0%), and α-cadinol (20.8%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested by the disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against ten microbial species. The oil exhibited moderate growth suppression against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast with inhibition zones of 25-29 mm to MIC values of 375-500 μg/mL, respectively. α-Cadinol was found to show promising anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
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35

Köroğlu, Ayşegül, Ayşe Baldemir, Gülmira Özek, Erdal Bedir, Nurhayat Tabanca, Abbas Ali, Ikhlas A. Khan, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, and Temel Özek. "11-Hydroxy-2,4-cycloeudesmane from the Leaf Oil of Juglans regia and Evaluation of its Larvicidal Activity." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 10 (October 2016): 1934578X1601101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601101002.

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Leaves of Juglans regia L. collected from two different locations [Adana (A) and Ankara (B)] from Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus to yield the essential oils (EOs). GC/MS and GC-FID analyses revealed that the A EO was rich in thymol (23.1%), while caryophyllene oxide (33.8%) was found as the main constituent of B EO. Both contained β-eudesmol (1.4% - 9.5 %), ( E)-geranyl acetone (3.7% - 5.8%) and the eudesmane type constituent juglaterpene A (3.1% - 11.0%). Using a HP Innowax preparative capillary column connected to a preparative fraction collector, an unknown constituent, juglaterpene A (1, 11-hydroxy-2,4-cycloeudesmane), was isolated in a rapid one-step manner with > 94.0% purity. Structure determination was accomplished from 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Oil B demonstrated significant larvicidal activity against 1st instar Aedes aegypti L.
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36

Zargaran, Arman, Amirhossein Sakhteman, Pouya Faridi, Saeid Daneshamouz, Amin Reza Akbarizadeh, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, and Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh. "Reformulation of Traditional Chamomile Oil: Quality Controls and Fingerprint Presentation Based on Cluster Analysis of Attenuated Total Reflectance–Infrared Spectral Data." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 4 (June 6, 2017): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587217710982.

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Herbal oils have been widely used in Iran as medicinal compounds dating back to thousands of years in Iran. Chamomile oil is widely used as an example of traditional oil. We remade chamomile oils and tried to modify it with current knowledge and facilities. Six types of oil (traditional and modified) were prepared. Microbial limit tests and physicochemical tests were performed on them. Also, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis were done on the spectral data of attenuated total reflectance–infrared in order to obtain insight based on classification pattern of the samples. The results show that we can use modified versions of the chamomile oils (modified Clevenger-type apparatus method and microwave method) with the same content of traditional ones and with less microbial contaminations and better physicochemical properties.
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37

Al-Mariri, Ayman, Ghayath Swied, Adnan Oda, and Laila Al Hallab. "Variation in Myrtus communis L. Essential Oil Composition and its Antibacterial Activities Components." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 59, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.59.1.2016.6.11.

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The Myrtus communis L. leaves samples were collected from five locations of its native grownareas in Lattakia, Syria, during their blooming seasons (June, 2009). Essential oil (EO) extraction wascarried out by hydro-distillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The EO was analysed by both gas chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass (GC/MS) techniques. The EO yieldof the dry samples was found to be around 1.88%. The main identified components of EO were: µ-pinene30.40%, 1,8-cineole 17.66%, limonene 8.96%, myrtenol 5.78%, and b-caryophyllene 5.00%. The bulk EOand the separated components were tested for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli O157,Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Yersinia enterocolitica O9, Brucella melitensis, Proteusspp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using broth micro-dilution method. It was found that citronellal andnerol were the most effective components against all pathogens.
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38

Larayetan, R. A., A. A. Adegbe, and A. D. Owonikoko. "CHEMICAL CONSITUENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF EPAZOTE (ChenopOdium ambrosioides) LINN GROWN IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 23, no. 23 (December 20, 2015): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v23.n23.2015.73_revista2015.pdf.

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The essential oil from the leaves of C. ambrosioides of North Central Nigeria was obtained by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. The oil was analyzed by a combination of GC and GCMS. Nineteen components amounting to 98.37% of the total oil were identified. The main constituents of the North Central Nigeria grown C.ambrosioides are 2-Carene(17.80%), 2-bornene(14. 79%), para-Cymene(12.93%), alfa-Terpinene(8.98%), Cyclohexene-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)(7.94%), alfa-Terpinolene(7.90%), gama-Terpinene (6.94%). The oil was found to be a yellow liquid, the obtained yield is 1.35% w/w based on the dry weight. The preliminary phytochemical investigation showed that C.ambrosioides methanolic leaf extract contains some secondary metabolites such as Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Alkaloids, and Saponins. The result justified the use of C. ambrosioides in treating various infectious diseases.
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39

Agostini, Fabiana, Ana Cristina Atti dos Santos, Marcelo Rossato, Márcia Regina Pansera, Paula Luciana dos Santos, Luciana Atti Serafini, Rosângela Molon, and Patrick Moyna. "Essential oil yield and composition of Lamiaceae species growing in southern Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000200026.

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The Lamiaceae family has been described to be rich in essential oil. The aim of the present work was to identify the native species of Rio Grande do Sul with potential use as the aromatic plants. Seven species of the family were collected in the different localities of the state. The essential oils were obtained by 1h hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The constituents were identified by comparing their GC Kovats retention indices (RI), determined with reference to a homologous series of n-alkanes and by comparing their mass spectral fragmentation patterns with literature data. Cunila incisa and Mentha aquatica resulted in the higher esssential oil yields (1.94% v/w and 0.93% v/w, respectively. The composition of M. aquatica was 80% methone, with almost 14% pulegone. C. microcephala had 53% menthofuran and C. incisa nearly 45% of 1.8-cineol and 18% α-terpineol.
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40

Su, Yu-Chang, Kuang-Ping Hsu, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition, in vitro Anti-mildew Fungal Activities of the Heartwood Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis formosensis from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 10 (October 2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301032.

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In this study, anti-mildew fungal activities of the heartwood essential oil, and its constituents from Chamaecyparis formosensis were evaluated in vitro against 7 mildew fungi. The main compounds responsible for the anti-mildew fungal activities were isolated and identified. The heartwood essential oil of C. formosensis was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. The heartwood oil consisted primarily of myrtenol (18.4%), cis-myrtanol (14.0%), α-muurolol (13.8%), α-cadinol (12.7%), and chamaecynone (9.8%). The heartwood oil was shown to have excellent anti-mildew fungal activities. Further fractionation of the heartwood oil produced α-cadinol, chamaecynone, α-muurolol, τ-cadinol, and τ-muurolol. The 5 compounds exhibited very strong anti-mildew fungal activities. For the anti-mildew fungal activities of the heartwood oil, the active source compounds were determined to be α-cadinol, chamaecynone, α-muurolol, τ-cadinol, and τ-muurolol.
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41

Cruz, Elizangela Mércia de Oliveira, Jéssika Andreza Oliveira Pinto, Saymo Santos Fontes, Maria de Fátima Arrigoni-Blank, Leandro Bacci, Hugo César Ramos de Jesus, Darlisson de Alexandria Santos, Péricles Barreto Alves, and Arie Fitzgerald Blank. "Water Deficit and Seasonality Study on Essential Oil Constituents ofLippia gracilisSchauer Germplasm." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314626.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves ofLippia gracilisgenotypes, in the dry and rainy seasons, and with and without irrigation. The extraction of essential oil was realized by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition analysis was performed using a GC-MS/FID. The leaves of theL. gracilisgenotypes provide essential oil with content between 1.25% and 1.92% in the rainy season and 1.42% and 2.70% in the dry season; when irrigation was used the content was between 1.42% and 2.87%, without irrigation contents were between 1.60% and 3.00%. The chemical composition ofL. gracilisshowed high levels of terpenes. The major constituent of genotypes LGRA-106 was thymol and carvacrol was the major constituent for the other genotypes. Concentrations showed little variation between seasons, demonstrating the stability of the chemical composition ofL. graciliseven with different climatic conditions.
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42

Janaćković, Peđa, Marina Soković, Ljubodrag Vujisić, Vlatka Vajs, Ivan Vucković, Zoran Krivošej, and Petar D. Marin. "Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Seseli globiferum Essential Oil." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 8 (August 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600831.

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The essential oil from aerial parts of Seseli globiferum Vis. obtained by hydrodistillation with Clevenger-type apparatus was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified, representing 99.4% of the total oil. The main components of the oil were sabinene (38.0%), α-pinene (21.2%) and β-phellandrene (13.5%). The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the isolated essential oil were determined using the broth microdilution method against seven bacterial species: Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 13311), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterobacter cloacae (clinical isolates), Bacillus cereus (clinical isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240) and three fungal species: Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275), Aspergillus versicolor (ATCC 11730), Trichoderma viride (IAM 5061) and Penicillium funiculosum (ATCC 36839). The essential oil showed activity against bacteria P. aeruginosa, followed by M. flavus, L. monocytigenes and E. coli, and all investigated fungal species.
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Su, Yu-Chang, Kuan-Ping Hsu, Kuo-Feng Hua, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition, in Vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Leaf and Twig Parts of Cupressus Cashmeriana." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 8 (August 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000837.

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The chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and twig of Cupressus cashmeriana have been investigated. The essential oils were isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS, respectively. The leaf oil mainly consisted of α-pinene (21.8%), epizonarene (8.0%), sabinene (7.9%), limonene (7.6%), γ-terpinene (7.0%), and allo-aromadendrene (7.0%); the twig oil was mostly carvacrol methyl ether (35.4%), manool (16.1%), carvacrol (14.2%), and (2 Z,6 E)-farnesol (6.9%). Twig oil, but not leaf oil, was able to reduce nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages RAW 264.7 without reducing the cell viability. In addition, twig oil showed better antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than leaf oil. The major ingredient of the twig oil that was responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was carvacrol.
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Su, Yu-Chang, Kuan-Ping Hsu, Shu-Ching Li, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition, in vitro Cytotoxicity, and Anti-mildew Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus thunbergii from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 11 (November 2015): 1934578X1501001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501001153.

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This study investigated the chemical composition, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and anti-mildew fungal activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Machilus thunbergii from Taiwan. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS. Eighty-three compounds were identified, representing 99.8% of the oil. The main components identified were n-decanal (26.6%), β-caryophyllene (15.8%), α-humulene (10.8%), and β-eudesmol (10.5%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells. The active source compounds were β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and β-eudesmol. The anti-mildew activity of the leaf oil was also evaluated. Results showed that the leaf oil had excellent anti-mildew activity. For the anti-mildew activity of the leaf oil, the active source compound was determined to be β-eudesmol.
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da Silva, Joyce Kelly R., Rafaela C. S. da Trindade, José Guilherme S. Maia, and William N. Setzer. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils of Endlicheria arenosa (Lauraceae) from the Amazon." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 5 (May 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100537.

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The essential oils (EOs) of leaves and twigs of Endlicheria arenosa Chanderb. were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition was determined by GC and GC-MS. In total, 47 constituents were identified and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (77.6%) were the main compounds found in the leaf EO, such as bicyclogermacrene (42.2%), germacrene D (12.5%) and β-caryophyllene (10.1%). Limonene (33.2%), terpinen-4-ol (15.6%) and δ-cadinol (6.9%) were the predominant constituents in the EO of the twigs. Using the DPPH radical-scavenging method, the EO of the leaves showed the greater radical-scavenging activity (216.5 ± 11.6 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL compared to the EO of the twigs (122.6 ± 6.8 mg TE/mL). Also, the EO of leaves displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (MIC 19.5 μg•mL−1). The present study is the first report about evaluation of volatile oils for this species.
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Su, Yu-Chang, and Chen-Lung Ho. "Composition, in vitro Cytotoxicity, Anti-mildew and Anti-wood-decay Fungal Activities of the Fruit Essential Oil of Liquidambar formosana from Taiwan." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 2 (February 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200237.

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This study investigated the chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxicity, anti-mildew, and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the essential oil isolated from the fruit of Liquidambar formosana from Taiwan. The essential oil from the fresh fruit was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 45 compounds were identified, representing 98.5% of the essential oil. The main components identified were α-pinene (16.8%), β-caryophyllene (10.1%), τ-muurolol (8.3%), τ-cadinol (7.6%), β-pinene (6.7%), and sabinene (5.7%). The essential oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, and lung cancer cells. The active source compounds were β-caryophyllene, τ-cadinol, and τ-muurolol. The fruit essential oil was shown to have excellent anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities, the active compounds being evaluated as τ-cadinol and τ-muurolol.
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Wodnicka, Alicja, Elżbieta Huzar, Małgorzata Dzięcioł, and Maria Krawczyk. "Comparison of the composition and fungicidal activity of essential oils from fennel fruits cultivated in Poland and Egypt." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2019-0018.

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Abstract The yield, composition and fungicidal activity of essential oils obtained from fennel fruits cultivated in Poland (FEOPOL) and Egypt (FEO-EG) were compared. The influence of the duration of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus on the essential oil yield was studied. The composition of the fennel essential oils was determined by GC-MS method. Studies have shown that FEO-POL and FEO-EG are two distinct chemotypes, which differ in yield and composition. The fennel fruits cultivated in Poland contained 4.14% of essential oil with trans-anethole as a main component. The plant material from Egypt was characterised by low content of essential oil (1.32%) with a predominant share of estragole. The fungicidal activity was tested in vitro against ten species of pathogenic fungi. The best result for FEO-POL was achieved against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea. Antifungal activity of FEO-EG against tested fungi was weak or none.
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48

Joshi, Susan, and Sundar Bashyal. "STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ACORUS CALAMUS L. RHIZOMES OF RUPENDEHI DISTRICT (NEPAL)." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v23i1.22196.

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The essential oil from the air dried powder of wild Acorus calamus L. rhizomes was isolated using Clevenger-type hydrodistillation apparatus and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. A total numbers of fourteen chemical constituents were identified and quantified occupying 100 % of total oil composition. The major chemical constituents are reported to be β-asarone (68.96 %), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (8.73 %) shyobunone (8.65 %), p-methoxyphenyl butanone (4.16 %) and the minor chemical constituents are δ-cadinene (0.84 %), isoelemicine (2.68 %), muurolene (1.92 %) and cis-ocimene (1.44 %). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil isolated from the wild Acorus calamus L. rhizomes was carried out using paper disc method against one Gram positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris. The isolated essential oil from the dry powder of Acorus calamus L. rhizome showed a good potentiality of the antibacterial effect against tested bacteria.
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49

Li, Wei, Peng Jun Wang, Masami Shigematsu, and Zhan Guo Lu. "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Amomum Tsao-Ko Cultivated in Yunnan Area." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.910.

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The essential oil (1.83% yield, w/w) of Amomum tsao-ko was obtained by hydrodistillation method in Clevenger apparatus. 38 constituents were detected in essential oil of Amomum tsao-ko by GC-MS analysis. 32 compounds representing 98.393% were identified, of which 1,8-cineole (40.891%), α-phellandrene (9.769%), 4-propyl-benzaldehyde (6.988%), and (E)-citral (4.949%) were major compounds. In particular, 1,8-cineole (48.03%) was quantified accurately by GC-FID using external standard method. As a reference to penicillin sodium, antibacterial activity of the essential oil and 1,8-cineole were evaluated against the bacteria and fungi using agar disc diffusion respectively. The order of antimicrobial activitiy of the essential oil against the bacteria was as follows: Bacillus subtilis.> Staphylicoccus albus.> Escherichia coli. The order of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against the fungi was: Aspergillus oryzae> Rhizopus sp.> Penicillium sp.The 1,8-cineole showed weak inhibiting effect to the bacteria and ineffective against the fungi.
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50

Amaral, Wanderlei Do, Cícero Deschamps, Luiz Everson Da Silva, Humberto R. Bizzo, Marco Antonio Silva Pinto, and Luiz Antonio Biasi. "ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF NATIVE SPECIES OF THE MYRTACEAE FAMILY FROM “CAMPOS GERAIS” OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST IN PARANA STATE." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 27, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27337.

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The Myrtaceae family has great occurrence in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest of the South and Southeast regions and presents potential for essential oil production. This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The essential oil extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation of fresh and dried leaves using a Clevenger type apparatus and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes , being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species.
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