Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clientélisme – Brésil – Brésil (nord-est)'
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Eiro, de Oliveira Flavio. "La régulation familialiste de la pauvreté : le cas du Programme Bolsa Família dans la région Nordeste du Brésil." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0025/document.
Full textThis thesis’ object is the poverty regulation in Brazil within the framework of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme, a conditional cash transfer social policy assembling several elements of the debate and the experience of poverty in Brazil. This work explains how the mechanisms of poverty regulation interact with local citizenship practices. In effect, the access of the poor to social rights and the exercise of their political rights are both object of a process of regulation by family values in a context of strong social inequalities. Beyond the fact that social assistance depends on family organisation, the implementation of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme is based on informal rules, reflecting the dominant social representations of poverty in Brazil. In addition, the allocation of social benefits depends in part on personalised rapports between the programme’s beneficiaries and political candidates and elected representatives. This work is based on a case study in the Northeast region of Brazil—in a middle-sized municipality of the Ceará state. An ethnographic approach allowed the identification of the logic of operation of a political machine involving social assistance, elected officials, social workers and beneficiaries. More generally, this thesis examines the interactions between the poor and the society as a whole, from a local perspective of contemporary issues of poverty regulation and contributes to the study of the political and electoral use of social assistance
Pacheco, Neves Sergio. "Etude des relations entre magmatisme et zones de cisaillement lithosphériques : exemple des décrochements de Pernambuco et Fazenda Nova - Etat de Pernambuco - Brésil." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20002.
Full textOliveira, Fernando Garcia de. "Réforme agraire : étude de cas au Nord-est du Brésil." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100040.
Full textThis thesis deals with four subjects which are treated in the same case study : fight for land, process of transformation of big farms, in the Northheast Brazil, land reform and family farm. The transformation process of the studied large farm spreads over the whole XX century. In the beginning, the land property-with aroud 7. 000 hectares, in which hundreds of squatters lived and worked-was in the hands of an important Landholder, who was also a colonel of the Brazilian Nacional Guard. Throughout the time two processes were developped : the division of the land and the decadence of the land owners, the affirmation of the transformation of squatters into family farmers. .
De, Jésus Paulo. "Construction du savoir-faire et formation professionnelle chez les paysans : une étude auprès de producteurs de pomme de terre au Pernambouc (Brésil)." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080707.
Full textWith reference to the individual case history of peasant farmers in the north-east of brazil, the author analyses the process of the accumulation of ability and know-how, and the way these farmers develop a relationship to learning and knowledge. From this analysis combined with the one regarding the peasantry in its way of life and as a social class involved in a specific economic reality ( the peasant economy ), he offers his critical considerations about training of peasant farmers. He comes to the conclusion that the technology used in the potatoproduction - for instance - results from research made under specific conditions which differ from the conditions in which the countrymen work. Therefore, the technology is inappropriate to their working practices and lifestyle. Professional training for these farmers should be centred on their real requirements, in order to understand them better, to analyse critically and to develop radically new programs. In the case of brazil, this analysis shows the absence of a link between the real life of farmers and the process of training available to them. A transforma tion of this situation would require polical and economic structural reforms
Cadier, Eric. "Hydrologie des petits bassins du Nordeste brésilien semi-aride." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20257.
Full textBoudon, Geneviève. "Tendances artistiques et systèmes de représentation dans les mouvements de recherche d'identité culturelle dans la région "Nordeste" du Brésil." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070098.
Full textAFTER HAVING EVOCATED THE strength OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONAL STRUCTURE WHICH HOMOGENIZE ANY ARTISTICAL MANIFESTATION, BRAZILIAN ART IS LOCATED AT ITS PERIPHERY. TOWNS OF RIO DE JANEIRO AND SAO PAULO, IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL AND AT THE SAME TIME THE RICHES ONES EVOLVE, IN AN AUTONOMOUS FIELD, AN ART INFLUENCED BY THE OCCIDENTAL PATTERNS. ON THE CONTRARY, THE "NORDESTE" STANDS BACK : WITHOUT AUTONOMY, THE ARTISTICAL FIELD IS, IN PART, ANNEXED BY THE POLITICAL FIELD. MORE THAN A REAL CULTURAL IDENTITY, THIS IS A STRATEGY OF IDENTITARY REVENDICATION WHICH IS REVEALED, IN THE "NORDESTE", IN THE FIELD OF THE "HUNGER GEOGRAPHY". HERE, PERSIST POPULAR ARTISTICAL PRACTICES. WE APPROACH THE CULTURAL IDENTITY AS A REPRESENTATION THAT A MAN HAS OF HIMSELF, IN THIS CASE THE ARTIST, IN HIS SOCIAL GROUP. THE ART STRUCTURE THIS REPRESENTATION AND IS STRUCTURED BY IT. THE CORPUS OF TH RESEARCH IS MADE OF ARTISTS INTERVIEWS AND PHOTOGRAPHIES OF THEIR WORKS, DONE IN 7 STATES OF THE 9 SATES OF " NORDESTE" AND, FOR COMPARAISON, OF SOME INTERVIEWS AND WORKS OF ARTISTS OF THE NORTH, THE SOUTHEAST AND WEST-CENTER
Linhares, Lima Maria do Soccorro. "Déperdition et rétention scolaire chez les élèves du premier degré dans le Nordeste brésilien." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100152.
Full textWe took as an axis of research for this study the failures at school, consisting in school retention of a student for several years between the first and second years of public teaching of the first grade in ceara. This school retention appears through information and observations made with relatives, students and teachers within the limits of the interaction between the family and pedagogic context of the school. The current study starts from the hypothesis that the school failure is much more important than it might seem through official speeches and shows itself in a different way in the pedagogic approach of public and private school. In the first part, we study some aspects of the context in which the problems is to be found. In the second part, we describe the methodologic approaches used to make the field work research. In the third part we study the student's family context in the "light of the socio-economic and cultural date. The fourth is related to the pedagogic of the school. In the end we deal with the school failure from the origins that retention of students
Thomas, Fabien. "Rôle de deux ingénieurs de l'écosystème : le termite Cornitermes sp. et l'annélide Andiodrilus pachoensis sur le fonctionnement du sol dans le Sud-est amazonien." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002460570204611&vid=upec.
Full textIn Amazonia, transformation of forest to pasture by family agriculture alters physical and chemical properties of clayey soil and is also reflected by changes in soil engineers populations, , and thus in their own-making biogenic structures. The aim of this study was to determine the impacts on soil functions of two soil engineer species of the Brazilian north-east Amazonia: the earthworm Andiodrilus pachoensis and the termite Cornitermes sp. As well as to establish a global typology of biogenic structure produced by the engineers. Study fields were characterised by latosols with a clayey-sandy superficial layer. In forest, the 0-10 cm layer was organic and homogeneous whereas in slash and burned pastures it was compact and heterogeneous because of locally lamellar structure between Brachiaria brisantha clumps and the spot distribution of organic matter and hydromorphy. In pastures, Cornitermes mounds density was of 38 nests per ha while in forest, no mound was found. Their spatial distribution was heterogeneous but significantly linked to the type of soil. Physical and chemical properties of these structures showed a great structural stability and resistance to annual slash and burned culture. The farming destruction of termite mounds creates an immediate positive effect but, in a second time, a negative effect, when organic matter stocked in the internal foliated part has been totally burnt and structural stability of the mounds wall has been increased by pseudo-sand and hematite making. Andiodrilus pachoensis casts density was significantly lower in pastures and their distribution was clumped at the large scale (> 15 cm) whereas in forest spatial analyses showed that the cast distribution varied highly between plots: from random to clumped or inhibited. Earthworm casts density was not significantly correlated with tuft density and their production was independent to B. Brisantha tufts presence in pastures or litter quantity in forests. Texture of casts was clayey sandy like soil superficial layer and its structural stability was greater than the surface soil one. When they were burnt, casts took a reddish colour, evidence of clay pectisation and hematite making but their structural stability and cations concentration did no change. Various biogenic structures typologies were established from organic matter study (NIRS) or porosity estimation (micromorphologic analysis). Results underline the necessity to gather specifics data on soil keystone species in order to define significant functional group for modelling of global soil functions
Caron, Patrick. "Espaces, élevage et dynamique du changement : analyse, niveaux d'organisation et action : le cas du Nordeste semi-aride du Brésil." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100037.
Full textMartin, Jean-Yves. "Identités et territorialités dans le "Nordeste" brésilien : le cas du "Rio Grande do Norte"." Bordeaux 3, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063238.
Full textThis thesis examines the question of the spatial link, between identities and territorialities, in the brazilian nordeste region, through the case of the rio grands do norte. It is well-known that the usual answer to it emphatises the problem of the seca and the conventional classic naturalising tripartition : litoral/agreste/sertao. A first approach permits to understand the issue better. Theorisation aims at going beyong formal logic thanks to the contribution of dialectical logic. It continues with an effort to define the concepts of identity an territoriality, in a critical and radical perspective. Thereupon is added a study of the different types of discourse on the spatial nordestan link - successively that of the stigmatizing regional vulgate, then that of the regional litterature of the thirties (starting from the "geographical-novels" by j. L. Do rego), as well as the interesting contribution of the scientific discourse of contemporary brazilian geography on the subject. We are thus led to put the problem in the following terms : the ambivalent effects of modernity together with the continuation of huge social gaps, lead to analysing the paradoxes of a tense and conflictual regional situation. The "conservative modernisation" there produce spatial mutations : urban polarizations, axialization of territorial dynamics, intra-regional fragmentation linked to the revival-concentration of former productions (salt and sugar-cane) and to the development of new activities (oil and tourism). These evolutions lead to the accentuation of socio-spatial injustices, in the country as well as in the towns. The traditional territorialities and identities are thus shaterred. New ones are in the making, in the present ending tdr-cycle ( territorialisation-deterritorialisationreterritorialisation). In the 90's, they take the form of socio-territorial movements : the msu (socio-urban movements) in natal, and the even more radical activity or the mst-rn (movement of the landless peasants of the rio grande do norte ) in some rural regions. Thus, it is indeed in and by the development of these socio-territorial movements that the first signs of the emergence of new identities and territorialities can be observed, for the people involved
Pereira, de Andrade Benedita. "Sisal et société rurale dans le nordeste du Brésil : le cas de Valente et de Santa Luz (Bahia)." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20021.
Full textSisal has been introduced in the state of bahia in the early 20th century. The first attemps to stimulate plantations in the reconcavo gave discouraging results and sisal is not much longer grown there. In the forties, sisal began to be cultivated in the state of paraiba and in the north-eastern part of bahia, precisely in municipalities of valente and santa luz. These sectors, because they are rather favourable in terms of climatic and pedologic conditions, made great and fast strides. Then, the plant extended to the states of pernambuco, ceara and rio grande do norte, so that brazil rapidly became the lead productor and exportator of sisal fibers throughout the world. The "explosion" of sisal led to many consequences. It has been accompanied by the development of a large range of infrastructures as lines of communication and public utilities, by the creation of industrial activities and by the development of small town-ships as valente and santa luz. However, the growth of the supply and the concurrence of synthetic fibers, led, since 1965, to a more and more drastic drop in prices, then to a constant crisis of sisal and to an important fall of the wage-earners number. These economic difficulties are questionning the future of sisal in valente and santa luz, likewise in every growing areas of brasilian nordeste. This study mainly intends analyzing the characteristics of sisal production and processing, and emphasizing the place and thez fonction of the social actors in the sisal system of valente and. .
Bret, Bernard. "Justice et territoire : essai d'interprétation du Nordeste du Brésil." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010653.
Full textMiranda, José Roberto. "Écologie des peuplements de Reptiles du tropique semi-aride brésilien (région d'Ouricuri-PE)." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20154.
Full textMacedo, Edison Ferreira de. "Une histoire d'enfances volées : enfance, adolescence des rues et prise en charge institutionnelle : le cas de João Pessoa, capitale du Paraiba au Nordeste du Brésil." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070024.
Full textThe subject of this thesis focuses on governemental institutions m charge of children and adolescents Iiving in the streets. We will study especially the evolution and the perspectives, since I960 based on the case of PUHDAC "children and adolescents of streets development foundation in Joao Pessoa, capital of Paraiba. , northeast of Brazil. We choose this period of time because it shows changes in Authorities policies ans practices, concerrning the problem of children and adolescents being in the streets, based on socio-economical links. Many questions appears essential to be analyse and explain such as : what are constants and evolutions in FUNDAC social roles since it has been created? And what are management forms reproduced by fundac and what are the rule it crystallize. The methodology will fobcuse on study of goveraetnentaî practices to reduce presence in streets of so many children and adolescents and how it succeed or not to resolve one of the most important problem of Brasil as to day. Since I960, we will deal with conditions, limits but also contributions and socio-educationnal objectives of the Organisation in charge of this tremendous problem : FUNDAC, a global history since it has been designated and appointed institution to take care of children and adolescents poor, in the streets
Feitler, Bruno. "Inquisition, juifs et nouveaux-chrétiens dans les capitaineries du nord de l'État du Brésil au XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHESA063.
Full textMANCILLA, PLANTAROSA HUGO REINATO. "Etude de la planification et de l'implantation gouvernementales de la cogestion et de l'autogestion d'un systeme agro-alimentaire : le cas des perimetres irrigues places sous la responsabilite de la codevasf - nord-est du bresil." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010693.
Full textBurte, Julien. "Les petits aquifères alluviaux dans les zones cristallines semi-arides : fonctionnement et stratégies de gestion : étude de cas dans le Nordeste brésilien." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20052.
Full textIn crystalline semi-arid areas, small alluvial aquifers are important, but restricted, hydrological resources for rural population, whose dynamics is highly influenced by anthropogenic actions. Sustainability of their availability lies on the development of water management strategies well-adapted to physical and socioeconomic constraints. In a watershed of crystalline semi-arid Brazilian north-east, where the exploitation of alluvial aquifers for irrigation and domestic supply to rural communities has developed over the last 10 years, this study has been carried out based on two approaches 1) a physical one, to characterize and suggest a hydrological and mass functioning model of these traditionally little studied resources and 2) a socio-economical one, to characterize users and strategies and water resources use and management. The study is based on 6 years data (physical and socioeconomic issues) and on the building of monthly time-step hydrological and mass balance models that allowed to quantify the terms of alluvial aquifer balances and to discuss interactions with others waters resources (hard-rock basement aquifer, reservoirs). Hydrological functioning hypotheses have been also tested with a spatial physical-based model. Models are used to simulate hydrological and salinity response of alluvial aquifer under different water management scenarios. Several possible prospective scenarios of water management have been built based on the main internal (physical and anthropogenic) and external (public politics) constraints. The impact of these scenarios on the water availability (quantity and quality) has been simulated. Finally, a regional, remote-sensing based method of alluvial aquifer mapping has been developed and used to estimate a mean annual water volume available in a large watershed
Monteiro, Analbery. "Biologie et pêche des Aiguilles Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) et Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani, 1842) (Poissons - Téléostéens - Hemiramphidae) dans la région Nord-Est de Brésil." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2007.
Full textThe halfbeak Hyporhamphus unifasciatus and Hemiramphus brasiliensis are fsh of economic importance in the north-eastern Brazil. Decrease of captures in Pemambuco and the absence of studies for these species in the region justified the realisation of this work. Only annual statistics were available for each state, combined landings. In order to have detailed information on the fishing of each species, landings folllow-up was carried out in the north of Pernambuco between 1998 and 1999, while biological material was collected for reproduction and growth study. Reproduction results suggest that these species are multiple spawners : they spent throughout the year, with one period more concentrated after the rainy season. A low batch fecundity is observed : 29 eggslg H. Unifasciatus and 16 eggs/g for H. Brasiliensis. Otoliths were used for growth studies. Sagittae microincrements interpretation was possible only for H. Unifasciatus. Lapilli microincrements were easily interpreted for both species. Microincrements daily deposition was validated by tetracycline marking for H. Unifasciatus. Individuals around 24 cm are about one year old. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters are : Lao=30. 4 cm, To=17,0 cm and k=0,004 j-'. Only adults H. Brasiliensis were available so individual growth was estimated for seven individuals from retrocalculation and a mean growth curve was established (1-00=24. 2 cm, t0=16,09 cm and k=0,009 j'. For an individual of 20 cma total of 246 microincrements were observed. The captures by state are in general of the order of 50-100 tons/year, while in Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Nortethey are superior of 110 tons/year. The analyses of statistics of fishing data for the period 1980-2000 suggests a reduction in the capture for certain states of the North-eastern region. Landings data analysis show a low productivity for this artisanal fishery, in general lower than 20 kglfishing cruise. This study suggets that the assumption of an overexploitation can be discarded. Few boats, of short operating range and reduced power fishing are used
Sa, Jaziel Martins. "Evolution géodynamique de la ceinture protérozoïque d'Oros, Nord-Est du Brésil." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0318_SA.pdf.
Full textNóbrega, Sheva Maia da. "Représentation sociale de la folie par les familles de malades mentaux au nord-est du Brésil (le cas João Pessoa)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0025.
Full textMelo, José Raimundo de Carvalho. "La terre dans le développement de l'Etat du Piaui (Brésil) : l'analyse de l'expérience pilote de réorganisation foncière du projet vallée du Parnaiba." Montpellier 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON30010.
Full textOn the early 1970s, the actions of development in the n. E. Of brazil have taken rural areas as a basis of their strategies. Mowever despite the large number of development programmes, the problem of regional poverty was not solved. At was only in early 1980s, with the project "parnaiba valley", that a process was constituted towards promoting the access of the land to farmers who did not have any. This project aided financially by the world bank formed part of an oversall government strategy having as ultimate objective the promotion of an "agricultural reform without violence" and the reduction of the existing tensions in the rural areas. The importance of the project "parnaiba valley" stems from what has been conceived as the first global approach towards the problem of the land tenure system in the n. E. Region
Noel, Aurélie. "La gestion collective de l'eau dans les périmètres irrigués du Nordeste brésilien, vallée de São Francisco." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20089.
Full textThe thesis studies the changes occured in the management of the irrigated perimeters of Brazilian Nordeste following the central disengagement of the state. It analyzes the problems arising from the passage of a mode of management centralized and bureaucratic to a form of decentralized management, implemented by the users themselves. From the observation of two irrigated perimeters, the study is interested in the processes of creation of new bodies of management (the districts of irrigation), in the stakes and the conflicts that arouse the elaboration of new rules of the game and new reports of power among the users, in the influence of the technical characteristics of the networks of irrigation and the impact of the coexistence of small developers and agricultural companies in the same irrigated perimeter. A privileged place is given to the questions put by the elaboration of a system of fixing of a price scale for the water and by the behavior of the users as regards the payment of the fees. The resolution of these two problems constitutes a fundamental condition of the stabilization of the new organizations of management
De, Sousa Antonio Paulino. "Théorie et pratique de l'idéologie politique du développement : le cas de la surintendance du développement du Nord-Est (Sudène)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070003.
Full textThe context of this thesis is an analysis of the social conditions of production and practices of the political ideology of economic development in northeast Brazil. The political ideology of development is characterized by its considered obviousness which must be adhered to no questions asked. It thus carries out a social function via the proposition of unquestionable truths. The theoretical field of the sociology of economic knowledge provides the framework for this study of the social history of the political ideology of development using the example of the SUDENE. The social effects of economic knowledge and know-how which cannot be reduced to desinterested theoretical constructions but rather constitutes social forces at work in the social set-up, are studied. The Church has played a determining role in applying the economic politics of the northeast development. In this region of Brazil the State can be said to be absent and the northeast Church to have substituted itself for the State. The trajectory of Father Lebret is a good illustration of the success of this vulgarization of the polital ideology of development at work. The political ideology of development appears as a variant of enlightened conservatism while aiming at the pacification of social relations as in the case with hte social discourse of Father Lebret and also Dom Helder as inspired by the Church. .
Magalhães, Alexandra de Oliveira. "Aléas et risques naturels (inondations, mouvements de terrain) dans le Nordeste du Brésil : une approche géographique appliquée à la Région du Cariri (Crato et Barbalha, Ceará)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC058.
Full textIn the Southern countries as elsewhere, the increasing seriousness of the consequences of natural disasters illustrates the essential part of an increasing vulnerability of populations, property and infrastructures, linked with demographic growth, poverty, social disparities and insufficient planning. In Brazil, legislative and operational responses followed the disasters which had occurred between 2008 and 2011 in several regions. Geographers should play an essential part in the preparation of such measures. This is the scope of this thesis, which is based upon a geographical approach of the question in the Cariri region of Northeast Brazil. This work also includes a comparative approach, in order to analyze lessons from the French experience in the domain of risk management and prevention, and to study the possibilities of transposing them in the Brazilian context. The analysis of local geographical factors (types of hazards, population and property at risk) is followed by that of information obtained about floods which occurred in the study area during the time of our research work and before. It also includes original data on mass movements at various scales which were identified from field work. Risk perception and management are investigated by the means of a questionnaire submitted to residents neighbouring rivers identified as dangerous. Part of these data are transcribed in the form of maps, in an attempt to draw a zonation of hazards, population and property at risk at local scale, in order to provide useful elements for an urban planning including risk management and prevention. This work is put in perspective through a review of disasters and risks at national scale, and of the measures that were taken at federal and more local scales. This review is used as a basis for a comparative study which bears on the management of natural disasters in France (Draguignan). Although the needs in delimitation of areas at risk are the same in both countries, the consequences which are drawn are different since, until now, there is no equivalent of the regulatory zoning of the French « PPRI », at least in the study area. However, if lessons can be transposed from one country to the other, this is mainly in this regulatory domain. Future orientations that can be retained from this work are mainly found in improvements that can be expected from wider and better organized interdisciplinary collaborations
De, Souza Francisco José. "Patronymes et prénoms dans la société du Nordeste brésilien : études anthropologiques des transformations en cours." Lyon 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO20074.
Full textThe thesis is about a research on forenames and family names in the northeast of Brazil which is leading up to the questions related to colonisation and its evolution. Starting from the nomenclature we tackle the question “ de-latinizatition” or “realatinization” or the area named “Latin America”. Forenames vary according to fashion and generations. As for the family name its the root on which forenames of any origin in this multiethnic society come to graft. The Lusitanian surnames are the acoustic border, which indicates fore where, comes and where starts the Portuguese influence in the area of the «Arabutans» named Brazil. The anthropological analysis based on the nomenclature tries to elaborate the contradiction entailed by the model of nomenclature introduced by the Portuguese Following the Lusitanian acoustic band raised by the family names we revisit the history of the first or more precisely those of the Marranos. Those Lusitanians in the service Portuguese crown, build the first hamlets far away from the Inquisitor Iberian Catholic Church. The conquering portuguese nomenclature introduced under the latitude the word Brazil which implicates the eradication of indigenes, but will also know its stroke of fate. As a matter of fact, forenames and family names attacked by derision will be exposed ridiculously. Without really knowing the reason of the need of kilometric nomenclature used by the Portuguese, many people will use it to send a lifelong humorous praising or destructive message in the name they gave to their children : Messages as those contained in the names «Aldolfo Hitler de Oliveira», « Voltaire du Coeur de Jesus» or also « Voltaire le Révolté de France». Analysing the signs which compose the forenames, we indexed the signs K, Y, W, said «banned signs» from the Portuguese alphabet, which are used today by the forename givers as « sequin-signs» to embellish forenames and indicate the orientation of the forename givers. The signs K, Y, W are Eurasia signs are more septentrional than meridional. As a mater of fact it shows in which direction the interviewed people locate their aspirations
Bittencourt, Rosa Deocleciano. "Les gisements d'opales nobles de la région de Pedro II dans l'État de Piaui (région Nord-Est du Brésil)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPLA003.
Full textBlanchard, Ana Luiza. "Se former pour enseigner les langues étrangères au nord-est du Brésil." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030126.
Full textThis study aims to present and to put the problem of university training of the languages teachers and the education in school environment in the north-east of Brazil, more exactly in Fortaleza. To understand the complexity of the problems which arise in the educational system, this work is a photo of the situation of the Brazilian education system and a historic review of the question of the foreign languages status. It presents the evolution of the university training of the teachers since its creation. Besides, the listening of formatives, school teachers, future teachers, and pupils by means of questionnaires and interviews, lights the lived and loosens priority solutions for a training of the teachers more in agreement with school reality and valuing so the professionalization of teacher's profession. .
Silveira, Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo. "L'environnement dans la programmation du développement : vers une autre approche de calcul économique au nord-est brésilein." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131008.
Full textAfter a comparative analysis of the principal methods of economic evaluation, (shadow prices methods on one hand, effects method on the other) concerning their application and legacy in developing countries, especially in the north, east area of brazil, this thesis presents a new approach of public economics computing. The first part of this work presents the two main methods of economic evaluation : the shadow prices methods and the effects method. The second part examines the extend and the limits of shadow prices methods. We expose a critical analysis of various cases of concrete application of those methods, based on studies realized in brazil, particularly in the north-eastern region. The third part of our thesis is devoted to the expounding of an alternative approach of project analysis as well as to the development programming : the effects method. In the fourth part, we present the debate between shadow prices methods upholders and effects method upholders. We first proceed to the demonstration of comparative advantages of the effects method. Then, we will expose the reasons of primacy of shadow prices methods, enhancing the particular case of brazilian north-eastern development projects. The fifth part will be devoted to the need of taking the environment into account in economic assessment methods. We therefor proceed to an appraisal of criticism aiming at shadow prices methods, including their extension to environmental aspects. Then, we expose the institutional measures currently employed in brazil, in order to take the environment into account in development project analysis. Finally, the analysis of various contexts allows us to suggest a concrete methodology of public economics computing towards a long-lasting development. We consequently support the appeal to participative proceedings as well as to environmental consideration in development projects planning. In conclusion, we suggest the joint application of economic evaluation by the effects method and environmental impact studies
Rolemberg, Farias Sergio Luis. "L' invention des identités noires dans le Nordeste brésilien." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30036.
Full textOne new sociological reality have started in the Brazilian after the 1980's years. We observe that the originality theses mobilizations consist in the fact that these have been based in discourse ethnic. In short worlds, this populations claiming the access the land throughout an ethnic belonging to Black slaves, cimarrones, that have been present during the colonial period. Since this moment, we have verified a mobilization that culminates in the recognition institutional of communities traditional. Before, theses populations there were politically nonexistences, today they represent more of five millions of people. It is interesting to note that the strategy employed by these communities reproduces the preceding mobilization of the peasants of Northwest which declare themselves populations autochtones and in the 1980's years also are recognized by the State like traditional populations. Analyzing the significance of these transformations of categories, we made an ethnographic study about Mocambo the Porto da Folha localized in Brazilian Northwest. Our propose is analyze the significance of change theses categories. So we need explain as they construct their identity, as well as the incidences on the production of the ethnic language in Brazil
Carneiro, de Claudino Sales Vanda. "Les littoraux du Ceara : évolution géomorphologique de la zone côtière de l'Etat du Ceara, nord-est du Brésil : du long terme au court terme." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040059.
Full textGoncalves, de Carvahol Cavalcanti Maria-Lucia. "Les Stratégies d'agro-industrialisation et leurs rapports avec l'agriculture dans le nord-est du Brésil : les industries de transformation des fruits tropicaux et de la tomate." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0058.
Full textJambes, Jean-Pierre. "L'or vert du Sertão : combustibles ligneux, économie et sécheresse dans le Nordeste brésilien." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU1002.
Full textProfessions connected with the exploitation of firewood and vegetable coal went through a period of intense development in brazil's nordeste at the beginning of the nineteen eightles. This phenomenon can be explained through the conjunction of that period : on the one hand, a drought which, from 1979 to 1983, imperiled the agro-pastoral economy of the semi-arid hinterland (the sertao); on the other hand, the increase of the price of hydrocarbons brought about by the second oil crisis. Lack of water almost completely destroyed local agriculture, making it thus necessary for the sertanejos to exploit the ultimate resources of the natural environment : the wood of the sparsely wooded forests of the hinterland. The production, first of firewood, then of vegetable coal, thus increased markedly, all the more so as the soaring prices of hydorcarbons compelled almost all the cement works and the mining concerns in the nordeste to replace oil by-products by ligneous fuel. This twofold exploitation of the work force and of the ecosystem), which is at the origin of the development of the professions linked with the exploitation of firewood, gradually lost its impetus with the return of rain in 1984-85. From 1986 onwards there began a period of shortage, particularly of coal, which hit the concerns which used it. Besides the resuming of traditional agro-pastoral activities, it illustrates the disengagement of the leaders of the sertao economy who, confronted with the disruption of the conditions of production, gradually gave up trading ligneous fuel. Beyond the strictly contingent aspect of this phenomenon, part of the working of the sertao society, its cumbersome structures and its relation-ship with the dominant areas of the brazilian coast are also revealed
Fonseca, dos Santos Manuela. "Apolônio Alves dos Santos : sauvegarde numérique et mise à disposition de l'œuvre du poète pour la communauté scientifique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5030.
Full textSantos, Lage Creuza. "Les milieux naturels de la haute vallée du Vaza Barris (Bahia-Brésil) et leur aménagement." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30016.
Full textThe upper vaza-barris valley presents a very complexe morpho-structural set in semiarid bahia state (brazil). Previous erosion cycles (valbas and paraguacu), associated with recent quaternary prenomence, created a real landscape mosaic. Pedologie and phytogeographie characteristies produce three different landscape units : uana pediplaine, cocorobo depression and the jeremoaba chapada. The upper vaza barris valley ecogeodynamie environment degree. The environmental landuse restrietions are closely linked to regional water deficiency. The "albos pelados" processes and soil salinization involve hazards of unrenewable degradation of this region, which abready tends to desertification. Un planned human actions take part in the damage of this prexarious equilibrium. The present trends of environment evolution were not considered in the upper valley development plar. Yet the mostly damaged environmental conditions should induce new sets of procedures to be defined through an integrated shedy of the landscapes
Archanjo, Carlos José. "Fabriques de plutons granitiques et la déformation crustale du Nord-Est du Brésil. Une étude par anisotropie de susceptibilité magnétique des granites ferromagnétiques : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30096.
Full textLeitão, Cláudia Sousa. "Pour une éthique de l'esthétique : ébauche d'une "éthique armoriale" de l'homme du Sertão brésilien à partir de la fête des Caretas dans la ville de Jardim (Ceará)." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H087.
Full textThe fact that the idea of ethic has changed in our modern society, leads us to consider an ethic of aesthetics. This new ethic, as a product of the modern political and judicial "ethos", allows the creation of the "homoaestheticus" myth. Here we try to put together, through an imaginary way, all the elements necessary to create this "homo-aestheticus". For this purpose, our choice was the Brazilian region colled Sertao and its Iberian heritage through the work of ariano suassuna as well as the armorial movement. The idea of armoriality taken from suassuna's writings, will be illustrated by the analysis of the Caretas festival, at Jardim (state of Ceara). Our "armorial ethic" will take shape from the description of the outstanding cheerful relationship between the inhabitants of this little town and its religious and political events
Silva, Patricia Sampaio. "Sur les traces de Virgolino, un cangaceiro dit "Lampião" : fragilités, violences et légalité : Brésil XIXe-XXe siècle." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030161.
Full textLourdeau, Antoine. "Le technocomplexe Itaparica : définition techno-fonctionnelle des industries à pièces façonnées unifacialement à une face plane dans le centre et le nord-est du Brésil pendant la transition Pléistocène-Holocène et l’Holocène ancien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100190/document.
Full textIn the 1970's, a cultural entity has been recognized in Central and North-Eastern Brazil, spanning from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and early Holocene (12.000-7.000 BP). This entity, named Itaparica tradition, was defined, in a typological perspective, by the presence in lithic assemblages of unifacially shaped artefacts with one flat surface, called lesmas. This definition, only based on one kind of tools, which detailed descriptions were lacking, led to a divergence of views and interpretations, and raised question about the existence of the Itaparica tradition. Nevertheless a detailed review of the bibliographical data shows a noteworthy concentration of sites yielding unifacially shaped artefacts with one flat surface in this region between 12.000 and 7.000 BP.This work aims to provide a global technological definition of these lithic industries, and to test their geographical homogeneity. In this attempt we realized a techno-functional analysis of lithic assemblages from three sites: GO-JA-01 (State of Goiás), Toca do Boqueirão da Pedra Furada (State of Piauí) and Toca do Pica-Pau (State of Piauí).The results stemming from this study show that unifacially shaped artefacts with one flat surface correspond to an original technical concept, characterized by specific structural, productional and functional principles. This technical concept features a certain degree of variability, expressed by the diversity of functional potentials. These artefacts belong to a technical system in which they are complementary to the other tools.A comparison between the analysed industries and other published assemblages highlights the strong geographical homogeneity of this technical system. In conclusion one can state the existence, during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and early Holocene, of an "Itaparica techno-complex", which represents the first phase of substantial settlement of Central and North-Eastern Brazil
Lins, Daniel Soares. "L'imaginaire de l'ordre et de la violence au Brésil : étude d'un cas, Lampião et le cangaço." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070053.
Full textGenealogy of popular violence. A detailed socio-historical study of rural banditry. The peasant and the brigand social banditry reconsidered. The oligarchy muddle and the changin roles of cangaceiros in the politics of northeast brazil, 1914-1940
Sousa, Fernando Henrique de. "O jogo de atores e a multiterritorialidade." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010603.
Full textNetto, Arthur Prado. "L'épidémie d'obésité dans une ville de province de l'Etat de Bahia, au nord-est du Brésil : approche épidémiologique et psychologique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H018.
Full textThe contemporary obesity epidemic is correlated with the technological developments in the last few decades of the XXth century: the machine's progress provides physical activity reduction. Our study is referred to a small city population on the countryside in the northeast of Brazil. The study of school's health examinations annual registers (1973-2008) allowed us to put in evidenve in 6967 adolescents an increase of the parallel infantile obesity or industrial snacks. However, would this infantile obesity be enough to explain the appearance of an obesity or overweight in the adult age? The role of the psychological factors was the object of an exploratory research in a population of 585 adults. The alimentary desinhibition, the upheavals of the type "binge eating disorder" alimentary behavior, and the cognitive restriction explains 13% of the body mass Index (BMI) variance. The age factor alone expalins 15%. At last during the simultaneous analysis of the psychological variable and the effect of the nutritional state during infancy, in our longitudinal study in 270 adults citizens, we could put in evidence that the set of variable explains 52% of the BMI's adult variance, the nutritional state (Z-score) during infancy explains by itself 27% of this variance. These results suggests an obesity prevention in two levels: to prevent the appearance of an overweight during infancy and adolescence, limiting the sedentary activities and favoring a better feeding and to prevent or to treat on psychological upheavals to the restriction and alimentary desinhibition
Macedo, Dos Santos Gilza. "Les tendances methodologiques actuelles dans la formation des enseignants de francais langue etrangere (contexte du nord-est bresilien)." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20077.
Full textThis research deals with the initial training of french language teachers in the secondary or comprehensive schools in the region mentionned above; it falls into three parts intitled : 1) teaching / learning of foreign languages in the comprehensive or secondary schools; 2) initial training for undergraduate and graduate french language teachers (f. F. L. ) in the universities of the northeast states of brazil; 3) propositions for a new initial training. In the first part of the research, we present the brazilian school system and the place of french and the other foreign languages taught in the northeast states of brazil. In the second part, the results of questionnaires gathered among teachers and teachers-to-be are analysed. Then we give some theorical and pratical thinking about initial training (particulary on f. F. L. ) and to end, we put to criticism the present training. In the third part, a program of a better suited to socio-economical and political situation in the northeast states of brazil is proposed
Molle, François. "Caractérisations et potentialités des "açudes" du Nordeste brésilien." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20251.
Full textDa, Silva Eduardo José Bezerra. "Géologie et évaluation des réservoirs de la formation ACU du bassin Potiguar, nord-est du Brésil." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10030.
Full textSà, Maria Auxiliadora Diniz de. "Facteurs culturels et organisationnels de l'implication dans l'entreprise." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUEL278.
Full textThe research aims to analyse implication in 14 middle firms becoming from many industrial sectors in the North-East of Brazil and relating to various organizational models of work. The method uses a comparison between firm culture and workers culture. Dimensions defining the research model are: 1- the firm culture defined by work organizational form, interpersonal relations and managerial style, 2- the workers culture defined by individual caracteristics and expectations, and 3- involvement analysed by two main and associated factors, adhesion and opportunity. The hypothesis especially aims to identify cultural and organizational factors of involvement in firms. We verify involvement is a function of consistancy between individual and firm culture. Then we verify involvement varies according to some dimensions: work organizational form, interpersonal relations and managerial style. At the end we verify the level of involvement depends of organizational style. The sample is composed by 27 managers, 54 team leaders and 598 operators. The chosen measure instruments are two questionnaires, the one for managers and leaders, the other for workers. They are finished by interviews and direct observations in the field. To study cultural and organizational factors of involvement in firms, a correlational analysis was used between independant variables and involvement (dependant variable), with the last form of SPSS in "Windows"
Rodrigues, Mutti Pedro. "Caractérisation de la sécheresse dans le nord-est du Brésil : une analyse multi-échelle des bassins versants et suivi par télédétection." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20036.
Full textDrought is a recurrent phenomenon in the Northeast Brazil (NEB) region, especially in its semiarid inlands. Although several drought studies have been carried out at the NEB, some important methodological aspects inherent to data quality and control, specificities of the used techniques, and spatial scale still need to be further discussed. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to characterize different aspects of drought in the NEB considering different spatial scales, meteorological data characteristics, and remote sensing monitoring alternatives. This characterization was carried out in the São Francisco watershed (SFW), which presents a remarkable climate diversity, in the Piranhas-Açu watershed (PAW), which is entirely located in the semiarid NEB, and in desertification hotspots. In the first study, we used the evaporation deficit as drought index in the SFW. Results show that periods of water shortage are becoming more frequent and more intense in the coastal and middle zones of the basin. In the second study, a rainfall anomaly index was used in the PAW to identify drought events, which are mostly associated with El Niño events and the anomalous warming of the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Finally, in the third study, different stochastic models were tested in order to forecast remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data over six desertification hotspots in the NEB. Results show that the tested models satisfactorily forecast short-term dry and degraded vegetation states
Chartain, Laura. "Dans les mailles d’un coton agroécologique. Sociologie d’une filière entre le Brésil et la France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0007.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examines the interaction between various actors of an agroecological cotton production and supply chain. In France, young entrepreneurs who graduated from selective higher education establishments offer an attractive price for cotton. In the Northeast Region of Brazil, producers practice a non-mechanized form of agriculture on family farms, while NGO members act as intermediaries between farmers and buyers. Faced with the fragility of their small-scale organizations, some actors have come to hire more workforce or to take risks in order to try to sustain the cotton chain in the name of the project’s original threefold promise: “becoming a model,” “ecological,” and “social.”Conducted over several months in both countries, the qualitative survey enabled me to observe various problems that the actors are faced with as equipment is implemented to meet the quality expectations of the French market. Among the collected data, I have focused on content analysis to examine interviews and meeting transcripts between the actors.I therefore question the nature of the relations and forms of solidarity taking place in the cotton chain. The first part of the thesis outlines the implementation of equipment (production, certification), highlighting the practical nature of the resulting issues (fixing failures, evaluating prices), as well as the forms of moral assessment at work. Tracing life and work experiences both within the chain and before its existence, the second part shows how several worlds are brought together within the chain, as well as the institutional origin (state, the UN, large NGOs) of the equipment formats. I demonstrate how a process of individualization of risks and responsibilities, implicitly encouraged by large institutions, develops alongside the actors’ normative work.The thesis thereby contributes to a clearer understanding of how networks and worlds composed of diverse elements (production, family farming, market, social movements, Churches, states, development aid) collide in concrete experiences
Mesquita, Angela. "L'enseignement du FOS dans les universités du Nord-Est du Brésil : publics, besoins et outils : pour une prise en compte du voisinage des langues." Grenoble 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE39012.
Full textRosa, Carolina. "History and heritage of company towns in Northeast Brazil." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010673.
Full textThis research examines the phenomenon of company towns in the Northeast of Brazil. The first part of the thesis trace their historical development from the second half of the nineteenth century to the late twentieth century by examining the fundamental aspects of the region’s industrial development, with its economic and social dynamics, in an attempt to understand the interconnections between the vicissitudes of the company towns and their industrial base. Furthermore, it analyses the emergence of the company towns articulated within the social construction of the working-class home and of positive and negative dwelling archetypes in Northeastern Brazil. Finally, it provides a characterization of the company town phenomenon in the Northeast, looking into its historical development, examining the first housing experience established by Brazil’s early manufactories, the birth of the first company towns at the turn of the nineteenth century their expansion throughout the first half of the twentieth century and their decline during the crisis of the traditional Northeastern industrial base during the second half of the twentieth century. The second part of the thesis considers the presence of the company-induced settlements in the present-day context, that is, the heritage of this particular type of working-class dwelling. It represents an effort to understand the “enjeux” of their heritagization, and particularly the attitudes and perceptions towards, and knowledge and uses of the company town spaces by their present-day users, in light of the approaches advanced by the field of Industrial Heritage
Marinozzi, Gabrio. "Stratégies collectives et dispositifs de commercialisation : l'essor de la fruticulture irriguée à Juazeiro Petrolina (Nordeste du Brésil)." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT017A.
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