Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Climat – Changements – Québec (Province)'
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Talbot-Lanciault, Alicia. "Modélisation hydrologique CLASS-RAPID sous changement climatique sur le bassin versant du Haut-Montmorency." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66429.
Full textTypical hydrological models do not impose energy conservation at the surface. Therefore, under higher temperatures they may overestimate evapotranspiration. Physical land surface model CLASS is paired to Muskingum based routing model RAPID in order to create a functional hydrological model under global warming context. CLASS-RAPID is set up on the Haut-Montmorency watershed (47.4°N, 71.1°W). The model is calibrated and validated with the ERA5 reanalysis and the flowrates observations from the Direction d’expertise hydrique du Québec. Climate projections from CanESM2, CNR-CM5, GFDL-ESM2M and MPI-ESM and climate scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are given as entries to CLASS-RAPID in order to simulate flowrates for 2041 to 2070. Climate projections from the same models and for the benchmark period of 1981 to 2005 are used by CLASS-RAPID in order to obtain hydrological simulations that can be compared to the flowrates of 2041 to 2070. CLASS-RAPID has a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of NSE = 0, 66. The model tends to replicate hydrological events sequence correctly but underestimate flood peaks. CLASS-RAPID simulations under climate changes conditions foresee that spring floods will tend to happen sooner in the years for 2041 to 2070 when compared to the benchmark period. For the four climate models, climate changes simulations foresee reductions of summer flowrates of 40% for climate scenario RCP 4.5 and of 50% for climate scenario RCP 8.5. For the same climate scenarios, the Atlas hydroclimatique du Québec foresees a reduction of the flowrates of respectively 37% and 45%.
Houle, David. "Le choix des instruments de la politique environnementale québécoise : le cas des précipitations acides, de l'appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone et des changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19510.
Full textCaron, Hélène. "Succès et difficultés de la mise en œuvre des plans d'action de lutte contre les changements climatiques du gouvernement québécois 2006-2012 et 2013-2020." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36236.
Full textClimate change represents what science says and what politics is increasingly taking into account (Ouranos, 2015). The purpose of this thesis aims to document the implementation of the two last action plans against global warming, prepared by the Governement of Québec, namely Le Québec et les changements climatiques : un défi pour l’avenir. Plan d’action 2006-2012, and Le Québec en action. Vert 2020. Plan d’action 2013-2020 sur les changements climatiques. At the junction between the analysis of public action (Matland, 1995 ; Kübler et Maillard, 2009) and the theoretical framework of the ecological modernization and its tradition of the public policies sociology (Béal, 2016), this thesis tries to answer two questions : how is the implementation carried out and why are there successes and difficulties to this adoption? Québec gets its foot in a low-carbon society, through the wind and hydroelectric energy tandem. However, fighting against climate change represents a major challenge, which Québec has accepted with an ambitious target. The PACC 2006-2012 got some basis implemented, but there remains a lot to do and outcomes remain unknown : will the PACC 2013-2020 achieve its greenhouse gas emissions reduction target of 20 % below the line of 1990 (Gouvernement du Québec, 2012a, p. I) ? At march 31, 2016, one notes the under-implementation of the PACC 2013-2020, since 22 % only of the planned budget had already been spent (MDDELCC, 2017a, p. 46). Greenhouse gas emissions reduction and climate change adaptation are lagging behind projections. The thesis fits into the theoretical framework of the ecological modernization (Huber, 1982 ; Spaargaren et Mol, 1992 ; Hajer, 1995 ; Jänicke, 1995 ; Mol, 2003 ; Christoff, 2009 ; Spaargaren et al., 2009 ; Toke, 2011), which many people present as the sociological version of the sustainable development project, focused on state and industrial actors, then the civil society (Buttel, 2003). Moreover, source of analytical and comprehensive wealth, which escapes from quantitative studies, the preferred method is semi-directive interviews (Fortin, 2013) with the supervisors of the two PACC, public authorities for the greater part, as well as content analysis (Leray, 2008) for data treatment. But the obvious limitations of the indicators and the qualitative method involve a partial validation of the hypotheses. Otherwise, the ecological modernization thesis takes place in a long-term perspective and requires time for an empirical testing (Guay, 2018)...
Ropars, Pascale. "Réponse du bouleau glanduleux (Betula glandulosa Michx.) aux changements climatiques récents : implications pour l'écotone forêt boréale-toundra, Nunavik." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26225.
Full textAu cœur des changements environnementaux enregistrés dans les régions arctiques et subarctiques, la densification de la strate arbustive est probablement l’un des plus importants. Cette thèse propose d’en étudier la dynamique récente à l’écotone forêt boréale-toundra (Nunavik) afin de mieux en cerner les causes et d’en évaluer les conséquences. Dans un premier temps, la comparaison d’images aériennes (1957 et 2008) nous révèle une densification importante de la strate arbustive dans la région d’étude. Largement attribuée à Betula glandulosa, cette densification a été plus importante sur les terrasses que sur les sommets et hétérogène à l’échelle du paysage. Par la suite, je me suis attardée aux causes de l’hétérogénéité de la densification de la strate arbustive et ai trouvé que celle-ci était principalement attribuable à un ensemble de facteurs historiques et topographiques. De plus, j’ai pu montrer que la densification de la strate arbustive a une influence négative sur l’abondance des espèces arbustives non impliquées dans ce phénomène, mais qu’aucune relation n’a été décelée avec la diversité spécifique (richesse spécifique et indice de diversité de Shannon). Finalement, j’ai montré que la croissance radiale et axiale de B. glandulosa était fortement associée aux températures estivales chez les individus établis sur des sites bien drainés et aux précipitations hivernales chez ceux établis dans les combes à neige (milieu mal drainé où la neige persiste dans la saison de croissance). De surcroît, la forte augmentation de la croissance radiale de B. glandulosa entre 1990 et 2002 suggère que la densification de la strate arbustive observée dans la région d’étude est un phénomène récent. En somme, cette thèse a permis de mieux comprendre la dynamique de l’écotone forêt boréale-toundra au Québec subarctique dans un contexte de changements climatiques. Elle a aussi contribué à saisir toute l’importance d’une analyse à fine échelle de la croissance des espèces impliquées dans la densification de la strate arbustive ainsi qu’à approfondir nos connaissances sur une espèce structurante du Québec subarctique, B. glandulosa.
One of the major changes observed in northern terrestrial regions in response to climate change is arguably the recent shrub expansion. This thesis aims to study the recent dynamic of the shrub expansion at the forest tundra ecotone, northern Québec, in order to find its causes and evaluate its consequences on plant community. First, I compared two sets of aerial photographs (taken in 1957 and 2008) and found an increase in shrub cover that was mainly attributed to Betula glandulosa, a largely distributed erect shrub species. This increase was higher on terraces than on hilltops and strongly heterogeneous at the regional scale. Second, I found that the heterogeneity of the shrub expansion depended on both historical and topographic variables. Moreover, I showed that an increase in B. glandulosa cover had a negative influence on the abundance of other shrub species, but not on their diversity (species richness and Shannon diversity index). Finally, I found that B. glandulosa radial and axial growth were strongly associated with summer temperature when growing on well-drained sites, whereas they were mainly associated with winter precipitation when growing in snowbeds (well-watered sites where snow cover persist in the growing season). Dendrochronological analyses showed a sharp B. glandulosa growth increase between 1990 and 2002, therefore suggesting that the shrub expansion observed in the study region is quite recent. Overall, this thesis significantly improved our knowledge of the recent dynamic of the forest tundra ecotone in northern Québec. It also contributed to underline the importance of studying shrub expansion at the local scale and to improve our knowledge of B. glandulosa.
Giroux-Works, Nakeyah. "Expériences d'un climat en changement : conditions socio-économiques et défis environnementaux chez les pêcheurs et agriculteurs madelinots." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28140.
Full textThis master’s thesis focuses on the discourses and practices by which the Magdalen Islands fishermen and farmers address the issue of climate change. These Madelinots contend daily with climate-related factors in their activities based upon environment exploitation. Guided by the approaches of environmental history and political ecology, this master’s thesis examines the scope of human actions on the nature, the significations given to nature and their resulting socio-environmental repercussions. Likewise, this study aims to better understand the place of climate change in local discourses about the economic livelihoods of fishermen and farmers, the environmental degradations and the energy future of the archipelago. It also demonstrates the social construction of climate change and discerns its social, political and economic components.
Poissant, Noémi. "L'intégration de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques au droit québécois : le cas des inondations." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37823.
Full textParadis, Laurence. "Comparaison du bilan de carbone et du potentiel d'atténuation des changements climatiques de stratégies d'aménagement forestier dans la sapinière boréale du Québec (Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30685.
Full textManagement of the world’s forests can play a role for climate change mitigation by increasing CO2 storage in vegetation biomass and harvested wood products, and by displacing CO2-intensive materials such as steel or concrete. This study aimed to determine how management of boreal forest stands can contribute to climate change mitigation in the context of ecosystem-based management. The study was based on the comparison of different strategies applied to a balsam fir-white birch stand in the Eastern boreal forest of Quebec (Canada). We simulated five scenarios over a 199- year period at the stand level: a reference scenario involving clearcut at 50-year intervals, and four 12 alternative scenarios clearcut with longer rotation length (70 and 80 years), partial cut, and a no harvest scenario. Overall, scenarios with longer clearcut rotations and, to a lesser extent, partial cut resulted in a higher potential to mitigate climate change. The substitution effect of wood products was revealed as a key aspect, suggesting that wood product manufacturing and utilisation on the markets, and not only forest management, need to be carefully considered.
Scanu, Emiliano. "L'action publique urbaine et les enjeux des changements climatiques : l'exemple de Québec et Gênes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26139.
Full textClimate change is the paradigmatic example of modernisation’s side effects on contemporary societies. In addition to cause severe ecological impacts, climate change also entails a range of socio-political challenges whose nature and scope deserve special attention. While many sociological studies have already addressed these issues, urban climate governance has been quite neglected. This is rather curious if one considers that we now live in an urbanized global society, and that most significant and promising climate initiatives are being carried out by cities. This doctoral thesis thus explores this line of research. Adopting a constructivist approach, and in the light of ecological modernisation theory, it focuses on climate governance in Quebec City, Canada, and Genoa, Italy. The aim is to understand the way climate change becomes the subject of discourses and actions at the urban level, and to what extent it influences choices affecting urban development trajectories. Results show that both Quebec City and Genoa have undertaken efforts to deal with climate change, even if involved actors, modes of governance, planning instruments and implemented actions can differ substantially from one context to another. On the one hand, our results show that the fight against climate change is increasingly taken into consideration by cities, and that this seems to be associated with broader changes in how urban development is planned and how public action is practiced. On the other hand, our results suggest interpreting some forms of climate action in terms of ecological modernization; this, insofar as they are designed in a spirit that assigns a central role, although renewed, to modernity’s institutions. In addressing the growing phenomenon of cities involvement in climate action, this doctoral thesis helps to expand sociological knowledge about how and why contemporary societies and institutions transform in order to address environmental challenges.
Blouin, Sébastien. "Impact de la variabilité climatique récente (1970-2002) sur le débit des rivières alimentant en eau la grande région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23854/23854.pdf.
Full textBoiné, Kévin. "La chaleur urbaine en climat nordique : évaluation et représentation à l'échelle du piéton." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28197.
Full textHuman comfort is essential in relation to urban heat issues related to global climate changes. City centers generally associate with a high concentration of pedestrians and still represent the district prone to urban heat. This research studies lighting and thermal atmospheres to evaluate and represent urban heat at the pedestrian scale in an urban center of Quebec City, Canada, which consists of a cold climate. The study on urban heat islands in the Saint-Jean-Baptiste and Cap-Blanc districts was performed at the pedestrian scale to visualize the perception of urban heat in summer. The research uses an architectural stroll, the urban walk, to carry out a survey of the environment physical properties. The urban walk designates the in situ sensory experience of a pedestrian in the city, La promenade urbaine. An innovative spatio-temporal representational strategy characterizes the results of the research. The results are thus synthesized along a spatial axis in ordinate and a temporal axis on the abscissa. Qualitative and quantitative measurements according to the human field of vision describe the urban promenade. The developed methodology enables to establish an experimental protocol linking environmental physical data (surface and air temperatures) and photographic data. The results allow locating the physical elements favoring the phenomenon of urban heat island through the study of the materials used on the surface. The spatio-temporality of the results compares the different urban types encountered during the urban walk in Quebec City. Results illustrate two different levels of environmental interpretations of the ambient evaluations in relation to urban heat island. The first level consists of a comparative study of two urban types through lighting and thermal reactions of surfaces while the second consists of a longitudinal study on the experience of a pedestrian during a complete urban walk.
Meunier, Céline. "Influence de la température sur la croissance et le développement des graines de l'épinette noire dans la forêt boréale au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24120/24120.pdf.
Full textBauduin, Sarah. "Integrating functional connectivity and climate change in the design of protected area networks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26897.
Full textThe world is facing worrisome declines in biodiversity. Species extinction rates have increased as a direct consequence of human activities. Protected areas have been implemented around the world in an effort to counter biodiversity loss. Although protected areas are part of the solution, they should be designed systematically in a way to maximize their effectiveness. Enhancing functional connectivity between protected areas is one way to increase their effectiveness. Climate change is disrupting environmental conditions globally. It is a threat to biodiversity that until recently was not often integrated into protected area design. Climate change has been shown to impact species movements, and therefore landscape functional connectivity. Some studies have suggested that enhancing functional connectivity between protected areas can also help species cope with climate change impacts. My thesis presents a methodology to design protected area networks while accounting for climate change and functional connectivity. My study area is located in the natural region of Gaspésie in Québec (Canada). The endangered Atlantic-Gaspésie population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was used as the focal species to define functional connectivity. This small population is in long-term decline due to predation and habitat change, but climate change may become an additional threat. First, I built a spatially explicit individual-based model to explain and simulate caribou movement. I used sparse VHF data available at the time of the study to select and parameterize a movement model using a pattern-oriented modeling strategy. My best model reproduced most of the movement patterns defined from the observed data. This model improved the understanding of the movement drivers for the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. It also provided spatial estimates of caribou landscape use in the Gaspésie region. I concluded that sparse data were sufficient to fit individual-based models when coupled with a pattern-oriented modeling strategy. Second, I estimated how climate change and conservation activities may impact caribou movement potential. I used the individual-based model to simulate caribou movements in hypothetical landscapes representing the impacts of various climate change scenarios and conservation activities. Conservation activities represented the implementation of new protected areas in Gaspésie, according to the scenario developed by the government of Québec, and the restoration of secondary roads inside protected areas. Climate change impacts on vegetation, as defined in my scenarios, reduced caribou movement potential. Road restoration was able to mitigate these negative effects whereas the implementation of the new protected areas did not improve caribou movement potential. Third, I presented a methodology to design effective protected area networks and proposed new protected areas to implement in Gaspésie to conserve biodiversity in the presence of climate change. I created a large sample of protected area networks expanding the existing network to reach an areal target of 12%. I then calculated an ecological representativeness index and two measures of functional connectivity over time for each network. Functional connectivity measures represented the overall access to the protected areas and the movement potential in them for the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. I used movement potential estimates for the current time period and for the future under different climate change scenarios to represent functional connectivity. The protected area network I proposed maximized the trade-off between the three network features I calculated. In this thesis I examined Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou movements under different environmental conditions, including climate change impacted landscapes. These results helped define new protected areas for the Gaspésie region that will protect the caribou population over time. I believe this thesis gives new insights on the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou movement behavior, as well as on the management actions that could be taken in Gaspésie to improve conservation of caribou and of other species. I believe this methodology could be applied to other ecosystems with similar characteristics and needs.
Gayard, Grégoire. "Projection internationale des entités fédérées : comparaison des politiques internationales en matière de climat du Québec et de la Wallonie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020002.
Full textFederated units are increasingly active beyond their national borders. The strategies they employ depends in part on the federal context and political dynamics of the Federation these units belong to. The cases of Quebec, Canada, and Wallonia, Belgium, offer a contrasted glimpse on how federated units can take part in the foreign policy of their federation and develop their own autonomous actions abroad. In Canada, the weak institutionalization of intergovernmental affairs and the gaps of the Canadian Constitution on the sharing of external policy responsibilities has effectively given Ottawa control of Canada’s foreign policy. In this context, Quebec has used paradiplomacy to develop its own actions abroad. In Belgium, by contrast, the responsibilities with regards to external affairs have been shared among the federal government and the federated units as the country moved from a unitary system to a federal organization. In accordance with the “in foro interno, in foro externo” principle, Belgian Communities and Regions enjoy a vast autonomy regarding external affairs and are deeply involved in the making of Belgium’s foreign policy. These elements help to understand the different strategies picked by Quebec and Wallonia to get involved in the international talks on climate change. Whereas Quebec primarily relied on paradiplomacy, the Walloons chose to focus on the Belgian internal cooperation to defend their interest through the voice of Belgium
Céré, Valérie. "Les construits sociaux du désastre en région isolée : Le cas de Blanc-Sablon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29054/29054.pdf.
Full textFortin, Claude. "Approche de quantification et de récompense des bénéfices climatiques associés à un projet de séquestration de carbone en milieu forestier : implications pour le marché du carbone québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35415.
Full textThis study is part of the international movement to develop and implement effective market mechanisms to fight climate change. In Québec, this is mainly reflected in the establishment of a cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gas emission allowances and an offset credit component. Unlike a GHG reduction project, a forest carbon sequestration project is inherently non-permanent. This feature limits the real potential to cancel or offset all the negative effects resulting from a GHG emission into the atmosphere behind the used of an offset credit (OCr). It is mainly for this reason that the forestry sector is currently excluded from the Quebec OCr component. Currently, regardless of the type of market (voluntary, regulatory), the OCr issuance approach adopted for carbon sequestration projects anticipates a climate benefit, forcing project proponents and OCr to put in place binding and long-term follow-up measures to ensure the environmental integrity. The main objective of the research project is to propose a new approach for quantifying and delivering OCr for carbon sequestration projects. Like the current approach, the proposed approach must not only quantify and reward a quantity of carbon sequestered, but also and above all, quantify and reward the temporal dimension implicit in the creation of climate benefits associated with the maintenance of an amount of carbon out of the atmospheric atmosphere for a given period of time. Using radiative forcing as an indicator of an effect on the climate system, the approach demonstrates that it is possible to integrate these two variables into the determination of the number of OCrs to be delivered to a project promoter. As a result, the constraints associated with the permanence test become obsolete.
Miquelajauregui, Graf Yosune. "An integrated model of stand dynamics, soil carbon and fire regime : pplications to boreal ecosystem response to climate change." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27659.
Full textBoreal black spruce forests (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) store great amounts of carbon in the living biomass and in the soil. Fire regime characteristics (e.g. fire return interval, fire intensity, fire season and severity) play a central role in the storage and flow of carbon, by modifying the distribution and transfer of material among pools. There is little doubt in the scientific community that climate change will cause changes in the temporal and spatial variables that control the frequency and severity of fires. A demographic diameter-class structured model was developed to simulate boreal carbon storage under different fire regimes. This approach incorporates the effect of fire intensity and stand structure measures to simulate fire severity, measured as the proportion of overstory tree mortality. The model allows quantifying and mapping average regional estimates of current and future carbon stocks for the black spruce-feathermoss bioclimatic domain of northern Québec. Simulation results suggest that fire severity increases with fire the intensity. Stand structure is one of the factors that explains the observed variation in boreal fire severity. We simulated carbon stocks and fluxes under seven levels of fire return interval (FRI) and two fire seasons. We tested for an effect of these parameters on average carbon stocks. Carbon stocks were sensitive to IRF's between 60 and 300 years. Soil C stocks were lower for summer fires that occurred during shorter IRF. Finally, we investigated the short-term impacts of climate change under four climatic periods: 1980-2010, 2010-2040, 2040-2070 and 2070-2100. Historical and future FRI maps and historical and forecasted weather data estimated by CanESM2 RCP8.5 were used to drive the growth of forests, decomposition rates, fire regime and C dynamics. In our simulation experiments, the accumulation of carbon in the ecosystem was reduced by 11% by the end of 2100. The results of this study suggest that black spruce forest could be losing their capacity to sequester and store organic C over the next coming decades due to climate change effects on the fire regime and on forest growth.
Angers, Sébastien. "La structure organisationnelle du Bureau des changements climatiques du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18548.
Full textMartin, Anne. "Stratégies identitaires du couple mixte et changements de l'ordre social : les québécoises d'origine canadienne-française converties à l'Islam." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26300.
Full textDrapeau, Maude, and Maude Drapeau. "Impacts macroéconomiques des changements démographiques : une approche avec générations imbriquées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25082.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2013-2014.
Ce mémoire présente un modèle macroéconomique pouvant servir d’outil pour l’analyse des impacts macroéconomiques du vieillissement de la population québécoise. Le point de départ est le modèle à générations imbriquées de Gertler (1999), dans lequel deux catégories d’agents consommateurs interagissent : les travailleurs et les retraités. Chacun fait face à des contingences individuelles, notamment le passage d’un état de travailleur à celui de retraité puis, au décès. Notre étude enrichit le modèle de Gertler en ajoutant un deuxième bien au panier de consommation, à l’aide d’une fonction d’utilité à élasticité de substitution constante entre les deux types de biens. Ce deuxième bien représente la consommation de soins de santé et le modèle est étalonné de manière à ce que le poids accordé à cette composante de l’utilité augmente au cours du cycle de vie du ménage. La solution dynamique du modèle est simulée et permet d’évaluer la trajectoire de différentes variables macroéconomiques comme le PIB, les dépenses publiques, le taux d’intérêt et les salaires, à la suite d’un choc démographique.
Ce mémoire présente un modèle macroéconomique pouvant servir d’outil pour l’analyse des impacts macroéconomiques du vieillissement de la population québécoise. Le point de départ est le modèle à générations imbriquées de Gertler (1999), dans lequel deux catégories d’agents consommateurs interagissent : les travailleurs et les retraités. Chacun fait face à des contingences individuelles, notamment le passage d’un état de travailleur à celui de retraité puis, au décès. Notre étude enrichit le modèle de Gertler en ajoutant un deuxième bien au panier de consommation, à l’aide d’une fonction d’utilité à élasticité de substitution constante entre les deux types de biens. Ce deuxième bien représente la consommation de soins de santé et le modèle est étalonné de manière à ce que le poids accordé à cette composante de l’utilité augmente au cours du cycle de vie du ménage. La solution dynamique du modèle est simulée et permet d’évaluer la trajectoire de différentes variables macroéconomiques comme le PIB, les dépenses publiques, le taux d’intérêt et les salaires, à la suite d’un choc démographique.
Desbiens, Josué. "Impact des changements démographiques sur le marché immobilier québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29959.
Full textThe study presents a regional, panel-based model of the long term and short-term evolution of real estate prices in the administrative regions of Quebec. Allowing that dynamic adjustment to be different from one region to another, we find income elasticity (i.e. cointegration coefficients) that differ considerably one region to the next. In addition, since migratory shocks have potentially different effects from equivalent shocks related to natural increases, we show that migration has a higher effect on the real estate market. The age composition of the population also has a significant effect on average prices, both for young people (25 to 54 years) and for older people (65 years and over). These results suggest that using a panel model not allowing for differentiated regional dynamics leads to potentially less robust conclusions.
Thibault, Mélina. "Évaluation de la pertinence des plantations sur friches agricoles en Abitibi-Ouest dans le contexte de lutte contre les changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69913.
Full textAfforesting abandoned agricultural lands (fallow lands) is a method authorized by the Kyoto Protocol to create CO₂ sinks and thus reduce atmospheric CO₂. It turns out that Abitibi-Ouest offers the greatest potential for afforestation of fallow lands in Quebec with its 51 000 hectares of fallow land. However, before starting any afforestation project, it is essential to assess whether afforestation provides real benefits in terms of carbon sequestration and therefore contribute to climate change mitigation. The purpose of this study is therefore to document these benefits. To do this, soil and biomass measurements were carried out from June to September 2019 in the Abitibi-Ouest region in 26 fallow lands with natural plant succession, and 23 afforested fallow lands in white spruce. The first objective was to reconstruct the chronosequence of plant succession on fallow lands left to natural vegetation. The second objective was to compare the carbon accumulation over time in the main pools (vegetation, soil) of natural and afforested fallow lands. It has been observed that over a 50-year horizon, afforested fallow lands stored twice as much carbon in vegetation, while natural fallow lands stored twice as much carbon in the soil. Overall, the total amount of carbon stored (including both vegetation and soil) was similar between afforested fallow lands and those left to natural succession. This study will guide decisionmaking on the use of afforestation of fallow lands in Abitibi and highlights the fact that other management objectives than carbon sequestration should be considered. The results obtained will also fuel reflection on the relevance of afforestation as a tool to fight climate change, whether at the provincial, national or global level.
Matte, Dominic. "Climatologie de l'ensoleillement au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28727/28727.pdf.
Full textBoissonneault, Julie. "L'influence de la victimisation indirecte sur la perception du climat scolaire des élèves du secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25175.
Full textThe consequences of indirect violence on school students have recently become top stories in the media. It is becoming obvious that this kind of violence may not be as mild as it was first considered and that it plays an important role in school success. This study reveals the impact of indirect victimization has on a students’ perception of their school climate. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 2290 students ranging from secondary one to five from seven different high schools in rural and semi-rural zones. The sample was part of a national study meant to give a portrait of school violence in the Province of Quebec. Regression analysis stated that indirect victimization on students have a negative impact on their perception of different aspects of their school climate. A greater impact was noticed on the population of victimized students than on the general population of students. The results showed a greater negative impact on the secondary one, four and five boys and on the secondary two and three girls, but when considering the total population; no distinction was noted between the two genders. This research brings up numerous questions on the bidirectional relationship between the perception of a school’s climate and indirect victimization as well as the impact of other variables like personal traits, institutional discrimination, belonging and gender perception in this whole dynamic. Keywords: School violence, victimization, indirect violence, school climat.
Alain, Judith. "Changements climatiques et sécurité alimentaire à Kangiqsualujjuaq au Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25835/25835.pdf.
Full textPoulin, Rosalie. "Victimisation par les pairs et climat scolaire : une étude menée en contexte de persévérance et de réussite scolaires chez des élèves du secondaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26982.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the link between school climate and peer victimization in context of school achievement and perseverance in high school. After the demonstration of existing theoretical links between these three variables, this research evaluates the influence of school climate that we approach through four components (feeling of security, feeling of justice, relationship and support, collaboration and participation) on six types of school victimization (physical, verbal, psychological, physical, electronic, sexual nature). The findings of this research, that was conducted among 2,154 students from secondary one to five, show evidence that the component of the sub-climate "Feeling of security" has the greatest impact on the six studied forms of victimization; meaning that students who feel safe in their school are less likely to experience the six different forms of violence. The influence of the other school climate components on victimzation is very low. Since the experience of victimization and the perception of a negative school climate can affect the school achievement and perseverance and hinder graduation, and that the decision to drop out of secondary education is often taken during the 4th and 5th year of high school (Frase, 1989; MELS, 2009), we focus on this specific group of students in the third part of this thesis work. The analysis conducted specifically among secondary four and five students (n = 715) indicates that those who are victims of at least one of the six distinct form of violence declare a more negative perception of each school climate component compare to non-victims. Precisely, victims of physical and verbal forms perceive more negativel the four school climate components and victims of material, psychological and sexual nature forms judge also more negatively every school climate components, except for the safety climate. These results show that school climate perception influence victimization for all high school students and highlight how victimization, experienced in secondary four and five, affect more negatively their school climate perception. Some reflections are finally suggested to guide future research as well as some practical outcome for school settings.
Gagné, Guillaume. "De l'autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency au boulevard urbain Du Vallon : quels changements?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18710.
Full textTedone, Jean-Louis. "L'adaptation aux changements climatiques et l'aménagement durable du territoire : le cas des municipalités et des MRC québécoises." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28042.
Full textCantin, Stéphane. "Changements dans le réseau de soutien social et la perception de soi des élèves lors de la transition scolaire primaire-secondaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44267.
Full textMoreno, Prado Juan Manuel. "Impact potentiel des changements climatiques sur la durabilité technico-économique et agroenvironnementale des fermes laitières du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25814.
Full textMorrissette-Boileau, Clara. "Dynamique de deux espèces arbustives de la toundra arctique en réponse aux changements climatiques et au broutement du caribou migrateur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27785.
Full textGeneralized shrub expansion has been observed over the circumpolar Arctic in response to climate change. This phenomenon is causing major alterations to the biotic and abiotic environments, a consequence of the increased shrub growth in height. We characterised tundra shrub species dynamics in response to climate change and migratory caribou browsing. To do so, we evaluated dominant erect shrub species dynamics and tested experimentally how shrub responds to these disturbances, using Betula glandulosa as model species. Our results show that shrub cover in Deception Bay is mainly driven by B. glandulosa, a species with increasing recruitment since early 2000s. However, it seems that this species’ vertical structure remains low which might not modify the biotic and abiotic environment normally associated with shrub expansion. We also showed experimentally that increase in shrub growth is a result of enhanced soil nitrogen fertility, a proxy of increase microbiological activity in response to global warming. Moreover, we demonstrated that caribou browsing has a negative cumulative effect on B. glandulosa growth. Thus, we showed in this study that shrub expansion is rather limited in Deception Bay and might be slowed down by the combined effects of harsh climatic conditions and herbivores. Moreover, our study stressed that herbivores must be taken into account when predicting vegetation change in the tundra.
Bannon, Joëlle. "La perception du climat motivationnel instauré par l'entraîneur et la propension au burnout chez des nageurs québécois de haut niveau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28831/28831.pdf.
Full textBélanger-Deschênes, Sébastien. "Les changements génomiques et évolutifs dirigés par l'exposition chronique aux métaux chez la perchaude (Perca flavescens) sauvage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29590/29590.pdf.
Full textCerqua, Anthony. "La réforme éducative au Québec en trois mouvements : analyse du discours." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27163/27163.pdf.
Full textCochand, Fabien. "Impact des changements climatiques et du développement urbain sur les ressources en eaux du bassin versant de la rivière Saint-Charles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25465.
Full textThe main part (57%) of Quebec City drinking water comes from the Saint-Charles River watershed. Most of this water is pumped directly from the river but a significant volume of groundwater is also supplied from municipal and private wells in bedrock and granular aquifers. The anticipated climate change and the probable urban area development of Quebec City could have an important impact on these water resources. To assess and quantify the impact of climate change and urban development on water resources of the Saint-Charles River watershed, a 3D numerical model was developed. This numerical model simulates surface water and groundwater flow dynamics for the catchment, using the physically-based, fully integrated, variably-saturated 3-D surface-subsurface simulator HydroGeoSphere (HGS). The first step of the methodology was to build and calibrate the model under current climate conditions (1971-2000). The second step was to identify climate projections from general circulation models (GCMs) with different emission scenarios and to downscale their output (with the “delta change” method) to the catchment scale, as well as to propose urbanisation scenarios. Using the calibrated model as a starting point, the output of the GCMs and urbanisation scenarios were then used as boundary conditions in the numerical model for predictive simulations. Results show that, compared to current conditions, the amount of water (snowmelt water and rainfall) could be about 4 to 7 times greater during warmer winters, according to different emission scenarios, and evapotranspiration could increase by about 15 % to 25 % during warmer summers. These changes could increase winter stream flows by a factor of 2 to 3, and lead to earlier occurrence of snowmelt floods during springs, (by 10 to 30 days), and a reduction of 10 % to 25 % of summer stream flows. In winter, hydraulic heads would dramatically increase, by more than 15 m, mainly in the high-elevation areas and, in summer, hydraulic heads would decrease in the high-elevation areas as well as in the low-elevation areas for the granular aquifers. The simulated effects of urban development on hydraulic heads and stream flows are lower than those induced by climate change. The main effect of planned urban development is an increase (max +0.6 m3/s) of monthly mean stream flow during winter.
Savard-Duquet, Nikolas. "Mobilité et changements climatiques : bilan et analyse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre liées aux déplacements des résidents de la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26880/26880.pdf.
Full textThiam, Papa Masseck. "Effets des futurs changements climatiques sur la performance à long terme des chaussées souples au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30293/30293.pdf.
Full textThe long-term performance of the road network of the province of Quebec (Canada) is strongly influenced by the climate and the weather conditions. Amongst other factors, high levels of saturation in soils and pavement materials are believed to be an important cause of pavement deterioration. According to the climate change scenarios established by Ouranos (2010), the North and South of Quebec will undergo an average precipitation increase from -0.1% to 8.45% in a future horizon of 2010-2039. The purpose of this project is to quantify the effect of these expected precipitation increases on the mechanical behavior of road structures, materials and soils. Based on literature and on data collected on instrumented road sections, a relationship between precipitation increase and saturation level of pavement layers is proposed. The resilient modulus and permanent deformation behavior for various water contents and four different subgrade soils was determined using triaxial tests, which were validated using small-scale heavy vehicle simulator, in order to determine the existing relationship between mechanical properties and moisture contents. Using the precipitation increase scenarios and the preset models, a damage analysis is performed to quantify the decrease of pavements service life caused by climate change. It is found that climate change, and more precisely the increase of precipitation expected in the Province of Quebec, will have a significant impact on pavement performance and that adapted pavement structures and materials, such as improved drainage, increased structural capacity or materials with reduced sensitivity to water, are possible options to reduce the loss of pavement life associated with climate change.
Cencig, Elsa. "Changements environnementaux et culturels dans la région de Kangiqsujuaq (Nunavik) : une approche géoarchéologique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29798/29798.pdf.
Full textLamontagne, Laurence. "L'homme et l'acclimatement à l'hiver des débuts de la Nouvelle-France à la fin du XIXe siècle : étude des changements culturels." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29141.
Full textGosselin, Patricia. "L'éducation interculturelle dans le programme de formation du premier cycle du secondaire : définition et analyse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26962/26962.pdf.
Full textAubin, Maria. "La voix (voie) de la mer : Impacts des changements politiques, sociaux et environnementaux sur les pratiques et les savoirs locaux des pêcheurs de homards de la région sud de la Gaspésie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29563/29563.pdf.
Full textDéry, Jean-Simon. "Analyse géographique de la vulnérabilité de la population québécoise face aux vagues de chaleur accablante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33028.
Full textTremblay-Breault, Martin. "Portrait évolutif et comparatif de la mobilité quotidienne des hommes et des femmes de la région urbaine de Québec : des changements entre 1996 et 2006?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30189/30189.pdf.
Full textDuchesne, de Ortiz Isabelle. "L'effet du climat sur les plantes fourragères au Québec : estimation des pertes par la modélisation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22397.
Full textOuellet, Nicole, and Nicole Ouellet. "Dépression et reconstruction identitaire : intégration de l'expérience de la dépression et changements bénéfiques dans la vie professionnelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37560.
Full textCe mémoire a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les remaniements identitaires qui s’associent à la dépression et qui mènent à des changements importants et positifs jusque dans la vie scolaire ou professionnelle. Plus précisément, il examine les répercussions proximales de la dépression, les processus identitaires associés, le rôle des professionnels de l’aide ainsi que le sens donné à cet évènement de la dépression au regard de sa biographie. Cette problématique se révèle pertinente dans le domaine des sciences de l’orientation puisque la dépression est une menace importante à l’insertion socioprofessionnelle et que les conseillers d’orientation sont de plus en plus appelés à accompagner des personnes rencontrant ou ayant rencontré ce problème de santé mentale. Pour répondre à l’objectif de ce mémoire, une méthodologie de nature qualitative a été empruntée. Des entretiens approfondis de type récit de vie ont été réalisés auprès de quatre personnes ayant vécu une dépression. Les résultats montrent que cette dernière peut constituer une crise identitaire majeure à partir de laquelle un retour à soi est utilisé comme tremplin pour repenser ses choix et effectuer des changements professionnels qui permettent une vie plus satisfaisante. Les résultats montent également que les professionnels de la relation d’aide peuvent y jouer un rôle primordial notamment dans la compréhension de la crise et le travail du projet, mais d’abord en accueillant et en légitimant la personne en dépression aux prises avec des insécurités identitaires.
Claveau, Fortin Catherine. "L'aménagement du territoire de la communauté d'Inukjuak, Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27658.
Full textThe rising population, overcrowded housing, the pressure of urban and economic development and the warming climate are all factors that create the necessity of better land use planning in the communities of Nunavik, Canada. In this context, the link between land use planning and permafrost knowledge is strong. A better understanding of the permafrost conditions supports better decision making and therefore promotes a better adaptation of the communities facing the challenge of climate change and better planning of village growth due to more housing development. The study of the foundation types on permafrost terrain in the community of Inukjuak shows the necessity of the technical integration of the permafrost in the land use planning process in the community.
Giraud, Isabelle. "Mouvements des femmes et changements des régimes genrés de représentation politique au Québec et en France (1965-2004)." Thèse, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17451.
Full textGagnon, Samuel. "Changements climatiques et interactions écologiques affectant le pergélisol et l'activité des coins de glace dans la vallée de la rivière Narsajuaq, Nunavik (Canada)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66305.
Full textTo determine the direct impact of climate change on ice-wedge dynamics and the permafrost thermal regime, 16 study sites in the Narsajuaq river valley (Nunavik, Canada) that were extensively studied for ice wedge between 1989 and 1991 were revisited between 2016 and 2018. Observations and measurements show that over the last 25 years, the ice wedges of the Narsajuaq river valley have experienced an unprecedented degradation of their upgrowth forms, resulting in a generalized deepening of their main stages due to the active layer reaching depths 1.2 to 3.4 times greater than in 1991. The thermal regime of the four main soil types identified (thin sandy peat, thick sandy peat, thick peat, fluvial sands) in the valley was modelled to reproduce permafrost temperature changes since 1990 and predict active layer thickness until 2100. In recent decades, ice wedges of all soil types have been active, cracking almost every year except in 2010, the warmest year on record. For the rest of the 21st century, simulations predict a complete cessation of soil cracking between 2020 and 2095 depending on the soil type, soil cracking threshold and the selected climate scenarios. However, based on the interannual variability of the climate in the region, it is very likely that ice wedges will stop cracking over the next 20-30 years. The active layer reached a record depth in 2010, then moved up with recent cooling. It is expected that the active layer will deepen sufficiently in the next few decades to cause widespread ice-wedge degradation, leaving only fossil ice-wedge roots deep in permafrost by the end of the century. This thesis also suggests a new approach to improve estimates of carbon stocks in Arctic permafrost based on image analysis of surface geology and landforms, as well as on the reconstitution of the geological history of Arctic permafrost landscapes. There is a strong connection between landscape features and surficial geology on the one hand, and carbon stocks as organic matter in soils on the other.
Guillemette, Louis. "Les domaines généraux de formation en quête d'horizons : l'évaluation de l'apport de la pensée de Paulo Freire à leur mise en œuvre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22142.
Full textAvec la réforme, une éducation centrée sur les domaines généraux de formation (DGF) devrait permettre aux élèves de comprendre leur vie quotidienne et d'expliquer les enjeux sociaux. Cependant, la mise en oeuvre de cette éducation demeure problématique. Cette recherche analyse la pensée de Paulo Freire pour évaluer si celle-ci peut supporter cette mise en oeuvre. Un tel travail permet de voir que, lorsqu'ils sont éclairés par la perspective de cet auteur, les DGF instaurent un nouveau rapport au savoir - en connaissant d'abord pour découvrir le monde -, à soi-même - en se concevant surtout comme un acteur historiquement et socialement engagé - et à la société - en l'identifiant comme lieu de tension où il importe de promouvoir une démocratisation radicale en faveur d'une plus grande justice sociale. Cette recherche montre aussi l'importance de questionner les différents discours associés aux DGF et de reconnaître les dimensions politique et idéologique que ces derniers impliquent.
Arseneau, Isabelle. "La conception des sciences d'élèves de 4e secondaire dans le contexte d'une démarche inspirée de «l'îlot de rationalité» sur la question des changements climatiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29120/29120.pdf.
Full textVidil, Christophe. "Gestion des eaux pluviales et changements climatiques : Étude de deux secteurs urbains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28896/28896.pdf.
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