Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Climat de transfert'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Climat de transfert.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
N'Guessan, M'Gbra. "Analyse des performances thermiques des constructions en climat tropical." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0121.
Full textFerlay, Nicolas. "Analyse multirésolution du transfert radiatif en milieu hétérogène : application de la méthode de Galerkin-Ondelette à l'équation du transfert radiatif." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21422.
Full textVargel, Céline. "Caractérisation du manteau neigeux arctique, suivi climatique et télédétection micro-onde." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU029.
Full textNorthern high-latitude regions are warming more intensely than the rest of the world. This phenomenon, called Arctic amplification, is due in part to the decrease in sea ice extent and snow cover. Snow, which is present 9 months of the year, could have a significant effect on the increase in land surface temperatures by changing its reflective and insulating properties. Thawing of permafrost which could release important amount of soil carbone into the atmosphere could have a significant positive feedback on the future climate of the Arctic. The objective of this research project is to improve the monitoring of Arctic snow cover and ground temperatures. Detailed models of snow cover evolution such as the Crocus multi-layered model are unable to reproduce the particular physics of Arctic snow, which leads to significant uncertainties in the modeling of ground temperatures. New physical parameterizations have been implemented within the Crocus model to improve the vertical stratification of the snowpack by introducing vegetation effects (less dense snow at the bottom) and wind effects (denser snow at the surface), as well as to modify the thermal conductivity of snow. These new parameterizations allow a better representation of ground temperatures under the snowpack, validated with a large dataset in Alaska, Canadian Arctic and Siberia. The simulations thus carried out using the modified Crocus model, driven by the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis over the last 39 years (1979-2018), at the pan-Arctic scale, show a significant increase in snow density in spring as well as in snow moisture, mainly in spring and fall, accompanied by a significant decrease in the duration of the snow cover. These effects, combined with the increase in air temperature, lead to an increase in ground temperature of up to +0.89 K per decade for the month of June. In order to improve monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of the snow cover, the use of microwave satellite observation data is proposed. Based on the analysis of a unique dataset of surface radiometric measurements, associated with the in-situ characterization of the snowpit (119 snowpits with simultaneous observations) in the Arctic and sub-Arctic zones, an optimal parameterization of the SMRT model has been defined. The results show that using a fitted exponential correlation length as a snow microstructure parameter in the Improved Born Approximation (IBA) electromagnetic model gives the best results compared to the other model configurations tested, with a mean error (RMSE) of less than 30% of the observations for subarctic snow and 24% for Arctic snow. Coupled with Crocus, the simulated brightness temperatures over the entire Arctic are significantly better with modified Crocus than with standard Crocus (38 K improvement in mean bias). These results pave the way for using the assimilation of satellite microwave observations into the Crocus model to improve simulations of Arctic snow density, a key snowpack parameter influencing the evolution of ground temperatures under the snow
Lamy, Kévin. "Projection Climatique du Rayonnement Ultraviolet au cours du 21ème siècle : impact de différents scénarios climatiques." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0018/document.
Full textFollowing the 1987 Montreal Protocol, atmospheric concentrations of ozone-depleting substances are decreasing. The ozone layer shows signs of recovery. Nonetheless, greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) are rising et should affect the ozone distribution in the atmosphere. Ozone is an important due to his ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The goal of this work is to analyse the possible evolution of UV radiation through the 21st century, particularly in the tropics, for possible climate modification. The first part of this work is to UV in clear-sky in the tropics with the TUV (Madronich et al., 1998) model and to compare against ground-based observations made on Reunion Island. This validation allows the utilisation of TUV in the tropics with a good confidence level. The sensitivity of the model is analysed for multiple parameters. Modelling output is validated against spectral ground-based measurement. Climate Projection of UVI (Mc Kinlay and Diffey, 1987) are then realized with the use of output from model participating in the CCMI ( Model Initiative) exercise and the TUV model. CCMI output describes the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere through the 21st century for four climate scenarios (RCP2.6/4.5/6.0/8.5), they are used as input for the TUV model in order to obtain UV radiation. ODS, GHG and aerosols impact on UVI evolution is analysed
Molinero, Vargas Juan Carlos. "Etude de la variabilité des abondances des copépodes planctoniques en Méditerranée, mécanismes et échelles caractéristiques : le cas de Centropages typicus." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066227.
Full textChehbouni, Abdelghani. "Présentation d'un modèle de transfert couplé de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-végétation-atmosphère pour les zones arides et semi-arides." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30083.
Full textKangah, Kouadio Guy Yannick. "Mesure du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) depuis l'espace." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30323/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the measurement of nitrous oxide (N2O) from space sensors. Firstly, we studied the transport and emission processes of N2O from Asia to the Mediterranean Basin (MB). For this study, we used N2O profiles over the period 2010-2013 retrieved from TANSO-FTS (Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer) observations onboard the platform GOSAT (Greenhouses gases Observing SATellite) . We also used outputs of the chemistry-transport model LMDz-Or-INCA over the same period. Secondly, we built an algorithm to retrieve N2O profiles using observations from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) onboard the MetOp platforms. This algorithm was validated by comparing the retrieved profiles with in-situ measurements from HIPPO (High performance Instrumented airborne platform for environmental research Pole-to-Pole Observations) airborne campaigns. Finally, we performed a theoretical intercomparison between IASI-NG (IASI-New Generation) and IASI concerning the tropospheric N2O measurements
Kerr, Yann H. B. "Echanges énergétiques à l'interface sol-atmosphère par télédétection : complémentarités des différents domaines de longueurs d'ondes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30109.
Full textRouthier, Guillaume. "Les impacts perçus d'une formation à la créativité sur le potentiel créateur des participants, la créativité au travail, et le climat d'équipe." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6477.
Full textMarlin, Christelle. "Etude du transfert des solutions et des interactions eaux-roches en zone non saturee sous climat periglaciaire presqu'ile de brogger (79n) svalbard." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112399.
Full textTorbey, Sammour Nathalie. "Amélioration du confort thermique par conditionnement thermique à proximité." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1335.
Full textVicars, William. "Transfert de l'anomalie isotopique portée par l'ozone dans la troposphère : vers une interprétation quantitative de la composition isotopique en oxygène du nitrate atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856960.
Full textOuedraogo, Issaka. "Modélisation et optimisation d'une toiture bioclimatique pour la climatisation passive d'un habitat type du Burkina Faso." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1074.
Full textThis work is devoted to numerical study of passive cooling passive cooling in a bioclimatic habitat adapted to the hot and dry tropical climates of Burkina Faso. The roof is designed to provide natural ventilation inside the habitat. The equations which govern the transfers in the roof and habitat are deduced by analogy between the laws of thermal transfer and those electric transfers. An iterative procedure is necessary because the coefficients of heat transfers by convection and radiations are a function of the temperatures of the various mediums which are unknown. These equations are solved by using an implicit numerical method and “Diabolo Sablier” algorithm. We have analyzed the roof orientation, of it tilt angle, of the nature of the materials, height of the chimney on air temperature inside habitat and the flow of air by natural convection inside the roof. The results of the simulations of transfers inside a habitat with bioclimatic roof presented her show that the temperature inside habitat is certainly reduced compared with outside temperature but does not reach the one recommended by thermal comfort. We therefore use Peltier modules to bring down air temperature at the entrance of the habitat and to increase natural ventilation generated by the roof. Modules Peltier are supplied by a photovoltaic system which can also have other socioeconomic applications. The advantage of this model is that it capitalizes on the triangular relation climate-habitat-occupants while respecting the environment and minimizing the ecological impact
Humbert, Guillaume. "Déterminisme hydro-climatique de la composition et du transfert des matières organiques dissoutes dans un bassin versant agricole." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S151/document.
Full textThe role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as carbon storage in mineral soil horizons and the impacts of DOM on aquatic ecosystems, either as a source of nutrients, or a vector of pollutants, raise the need to understand its origin, and the mechanisms linked to its transport from soils to stream. This work aims to characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of the amount and the quality of DOM in soil and stream water, and to identify the controlling factors. It is based on the Kervidy-Naizin catchment of 5 km² (Morbihan ; Environment Research Observatory AgrHyS). This site benefits from 13 years of daily stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and high frequency of hydro-climatic parameters (discharge, groundwater table depths, and meteorological variables). DOM concentration and composition of soil water under contrasted land uses (cropland, grassland, or woodland) and stream water were assessed at least fortnightly during 2 hydrological cycles. A comprehensive and consistent pattern of hydrological processes that control the DOM exports, their changes in time (by providing an objective definition of hydrological seasons), and the changes of their relative importance according to the climatic context of the year was proposed. The exports of DOM produced in the soils during summer control the intra-annual decrease of stream DOC concentrations. This suggests a compensatory mechanism whereby increased winter exports can balance the summer production of DOM resulting in a relatively uniform mean annual DOC concentration. The DOM composition of soil and stream water was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with PARAFAC (parallel factor analysis) modeling built from excitation-emission matrices. Exports from agricultural sources characterized by low aromatic, protein-like, microbial-derived DOM were reported. This DOM is transported to the stream seasonally during inter-storm periods of very wet winters, by rising of the water table in arable hillslope soils, and occasionally in spring, during storm events that follow the animal manure application on catchment soils. The spatial organization of temporal dynamics of the DOM concentration and composition of soil waters suggested that they were controlled by combined effects of hydrology, soil properties and topography. DOM with fewer aromatic moieties is preferentially exported from organo-mineral horizons of hillslope soils. DOM loss from mineral soil horizons are partially balanced by DOM inputs from upper soils. The onset of reducing conditions in downslope soils produces aromatic DOM that is transported to the stream only during storm events. Hence, DOM from agricultural soils is more susceptible being transport to stream due to its composition and its location within the catchment. The question of the fate of these DOM in aquatic ecosystems is raised
Yerro, Pascal. "Etude expérimentale des champs de température et de vitesse d'un bardage thermique." Antilles-Guyane, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AGUY0022.
Full textMenegoz, Martin. "Modélisation globale des interactions atmosphère-aérosols." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/700/.
Full textAerosols influence the Earth radiative budget, both scattering and absorbing solar radiation and through their interactions with clouds. Before quantifying the impact of aerosols on climate, it is necessary to evaluate their concentration in the atmosphere. This is the topic of this work. In particular, three aerosols are studied : sulphate, black-carbon and desert dust. Multi-year simulations are analysed over Europe and high latitudes as a first step and at the global scale as a second step. They are compared with observations and with simulations performed by other models. Our model describe the atmospheric concentration of aerosols quite well. Mains sinks and sources are put forward for each aerosol, which allows to identify ways to better simulate their atmospheric distribution
Thonat, Thibaud. "Etude des feux de biomasse tropicaux : observation simultanée des gaz émis par les feux à l'aide des observations hyperspectrales de AIRS et IASI." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0110.
Full textTournadre, Benoît. "Heliosat-V ˸ une méthode polyvalente d’estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol par satellite." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM063.
Full textSolar irradiance at the surface of the Earth is recognized as an essential climate variable by the World Meteorological Organization. Its knowledge is as much important for climate sciences as for the development of energy alternatives to fossil fuels, like solar photovoltaic. Ground measurements of this radiation are very sparse on Earth, explaining the interest for satellite-based remote sensing to estimate it. Combining estimations from different satellites in orbit is a pathway to cover the information on the whole globe. Different generations of satellites also produced a multidecadal imagery of the Earth, making it conceivable to estimate long time series of solar radiation, or even to identify long-term variations, a recurrent objective in the study of climate change. For more than 30 years, Heliosat methods estimate surface solar irradiance from satellite imagery, but they have been designed to be applied to a specific sensor on a geostationary orbit, and have limitations in their scope : the need for a long archive of satellite imagery (Heliosat, Heliosat-2), or else the need for multispectral measurements (Heliosat-4). This work dedicated to the development of a Heliosat-V method brings elements of versatility to the satellite-based estimation from so-called "cloud-index" methods, with the ultimate goal to reach homogeneous data of solar radiation derived from measurements made by different satellite instruments. Two issues are in particular considered here to reach such an estimation: the diversity of sensors in terms of spectral sensitivities, and the influence of viewing and solar geometries on spaceborne measurements. The method extensively deals with radiative transfer modeling in the spectral range 400-1000 nm to simulate on one hand satellite measurements in clear-sky conditions, and on the other hand satellite measurements in the presence of an optically thick cloud. The method is tested on the imagery of a geostationary satellite instrument, Meteosat-9/SEVIRI, and in a more exploratory way, on the non geostationary sensor DSCOVR/EPIC. Results are compared to high quality ground-based measurements of irradiance, and show performances similar to operational satellite products. However, the quality of estimates depends on the spectral channel used, and especially of the presence of clear-sky atmospheric scattering or absorption in the signal measured by the satellite instrument. The accent is also put on the need for an accurate absolute calibration of satellite radiometric measurements in order to produce time series of surface solar irradiance with the smallest biases and temporal drift possible
Zanatta, Marco. "Le carbone-suie dans l'atmosphère européenne : identification, transfert, dépots et impacts." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU005/document.
Full textBlack carbon (BC) induces a warming effect (RFBC = +1.1 W m-2 ± 90%) through two main pathways: aerosol-radiation interaction (RFari) and aerosol-cloud interaction (RFaci). Both BC-radiation and BC-cloud interaction are affected by the mixing of black carbon with other non-refractory and non-absorbing matter present in the atmosphere. An estimation of the global radiative forcing of BC rarely accounts for internal mixing of BC while the net global cloud radiative forcing is sensitive to assumptions in the initiation of cloud glaciation, which is mostly unknown for black carbon particles. Within this thesis we investigated the variability of the light absorbing properties of black carbon, the mixing of black carbon, and the impact on light absorption and ice activation.In the first part of this thesis we investigated the spatial and seasonal variability of the mass absorption cross section (MAC) over Europe. MAC values were determined from ambient observations of elemental carbon mass concentrations (mEC) and absorption coefficients (σap). The data had been acquired during several years at different background ACTRIS supersites spread over Europe. Site specific MAC values were found to be spatially homogeneous, suggesting that the overall MAC average 9.5 ± 1.9 m2 g-1 at a wavelength of 637 nm might be representative of BC at European background locations. The MAC values showed a distinct seasonal cycle at every station. This seasonality might be related to chemical composition and aging. We observed that the MAC value has a linear and positive proportionality with the non-absorbing matter mass fraction.The second part of the work focuses on the coating acquisition of BC and the induced absorption enhancement after long-range transport. Within the CLIMSLIP (climate impact of short-lived pollutants and methane in the Arctic) project field experiments were conducted at the Zeppelin research site in Svalbard, Norway, during the Arctic spring. SP2 data were used to characterize the BC size distribution and mixing. BC containing particles having a core diameter between 170 and 280 nm were found to have a median coating thickness of 47 nm. The relationship between coating thickness and BC absorption was simulated. The observed coating thickness enhanced the mass absorption cross section by 46%, which led to a decrease of less than 1% in the single scattering albedo.In the final part of this work, the role of black carbon as ice nuclei in mixed phase clouds was investigated at the high elevation measuring site Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) during the cloud and aerosol characterization experiment (CLACE) held in 2013. The ice-CVI inlet and a single particle soot photometer were used to select and quantify the ice activated BC particles. According to the observations, BC containing particles were depleted in the ice residuals. The activation efficiency showed a size dependency, with larger BC containing particles being activated more efficiently compared to smaller ones. Activated BC cores having a diameter between 170 and 240 nm showed a larger coating thickness (median = 53 nm) compared to the total aerosol (median = 16 nm).The results obtained in this thesis shed new light on the effect of the mixing state on the optical properties and cloud activation of black carbon particles. Absorbing properties of BC showed a distinct seasonal pattern, while aging was found to consistently increase its absorption behavior. However, black carbon was found not to act as ice nuclei in low tropospheric mixed-phase clouds, where the coating thickness might play a role in the activation efficiency. This work provides freshly determined physical properties derived from ambient observations that will improve the accuracy of future aerosol and cloud radiative forcing estimations
Kilic, Lise. "Estimation des paramètres de surface des océans et de la banquise à partir d’observations micro-ondes basses fréquences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS167.
Full textThe oceans and sea ice play an important role in the climate and weather system. A future low-frequency passive microwave satellite mission designed to observe the polar regions is currently under study at the European Space Agency for the expansion of the Copernicus programme. Passive microwave satellite observations provide all-weather observation of the Earth surface, both day and night. In this thesis, we are interested in estimating ocean and ice surface parameters from low-frequency passive microwave satellite observations. The objective is to develop new methods for estimating these parameters that are more efficient and adapted to the future passive microwave satellite mission CIMR (Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer). The first part of the thesis deals with the estimation of ocean parameters such as sea surface temperature, salinity and ocean wind speed. The second part deals with the estimation of sea ice parameters such as sea ice concentration, snow depth and snow-ice interface temperature. Finally, with the methods developed in this thesis, the performances of the CIMR mission are evaluated and compared with the current missions
Mortier, Augustin. "Tendances et variabilités de l’aérosol atmosphérique à l’aide du couplage Lidar/Photomètre sur les sites de Lille et Dakar." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10164/document.
Full textBeyond their impact on air quality affecting health, atmospheric aerosols are a key parameter of the climate. Large uncertainties remain (IPCC, 2013) due to their type versatility, radiative and clouds interactions and their strong variability in space and time. In light of this, a long-term observation is highly required. In 2006, the LOA reinforced sunphotometer observations with two micro-lidars in two contrasted sites : Lille and Dakar. In this work, we analyse these complementary observations at multiple time scale in order to highlight trends and provide a variability estimation. These observations include detection of extreme events (volcanic ash from Eyjafjöll, 2010). The analysis of the unique and large database is based on the development of an automatic algorithm (BASIC) combining vertical profiles and sunphotometer measurements. This work is particularly relevant and of interest in the current and future context of observation systems (ORAURE, Météo France). Our results are used to provide a better determination of aerosols radiative effect. Our whole database has been used faced to vertical profiles from the CALIOP spaceborne lidar and for a first evaluation of the NMMB/BSC-Dust model in Africa during one year. Finally, we present first results of a mobile ground-based remote sensing system, providing high space resolution capability to monitor aerosol properties, deployed during DRAGON campaign (USA, 2011)
Ghorbel, Ben Abid Manel. "Contamination métallique issue des déchets de l'ancien site minier de Jebel Ressas : modélisation des mécanismes de transfert et conception de cartes d'aléa post-mine dans un contexte carbonaté et sous un climat semi-aride. Evaluation du risque pour la santé humaine." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760685.
Full textGhorbel, Ben Abid Manel. "Contamination métallique issue des déchets de l'ancien site minier de Jebel Ressas : modélisation des mécanismes de transfert et conception de cartes d'aléa post-mine dans un contexte carbonaté et sous un climat semi-aride : évaluation du risque pour la santé humaine." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30120.
Full textAn integrated multidisciplinary method was proposed to study the transfer of metallic contamination from the waste of the old mining site (Pb-Zn) of Jebel Ressas, to Humans. We considered the physico-chemical characteristics of the source, the climate conditions and the topography to rank the dispersion vectors of metals from the treatment wastes to the environment. The wind is the main agent of scattering metals in all directions, with variable quantities which may exceed the standards of air quality for Pb and Cd up to several hundreds of meters far from the source. The particle hydric transfer is limited because of the soft topography around the waste dumps. The transfer in solution is negligible thanks to the carbonated environment. The risk assessment for human health at the village of Jebel Ressas show that carbonated environment and the neutral pH of physiological fluids in the body, limits metals dissolution and their bioaccessible amounts. However, Pb and Cd may induce a risk especially for children as well as a probable carcinogenic for the entire population
Peers, Fanny. "Caractérisation des propriétés des aérosols au-dessus des nuages et de leur effet direct avec POLDER/PARASOL." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10199/document.
Full textAerosols remain one of the atmospheric components associated with the highest uncertainty on the climate impact (IPCC, 2013). This uncertainty is especially large for aerosols located above or within the clouds, where they can interact with both radiations and clouds. This statement highlights the need to improve the representation of aerosols and clouds in climate models.Passive satellite instruments play a key role in the aerosol monitoring. However, current aerosol retrieval algorithms are restricted to cloud-free atmosphere. Moreover, aerosols overlaying clouds affect the retrieval of cloud optical and microphysical properties from those same sensors. In the first place, the aim of this work was to detect and characterize aerosols above liquid clouds using the satellite instrument POLDER/PARASOL. We have set up a new method to retrieve key aerosol and cloud properties using a combination of radiance and polarization measurements. Then, we have developed a procedure to compute the aerosol "direct effect" which relies on the aerosols properties deduced from our retrieval methodology. The radiative fluxes calculated with this method have been successfully compared to the ones deduced more directly from the measurements of the CERES sensor.The aerosol properties have also been used to assess the ability of the models from the AeroCom community to represent above-cloud aerosols regionally. Finally, we present a first analysis of the annual distribution at global-scale of aerosol properties above clouds and their direct effect
Vincendon, Mathieu. "Modélisation du transfert radiatif dans l'atmosphère martienne pour la détermination des propriétés spectrales de surface et la caractérisation des aérosols martiens à partir des données OMEGA." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341252.
Full textMadeleine, Jean-Baptiste. "Nuages et poussières de l'atmosphère martienne : télédétection, modélisation des rétroactions climatiques et application aux paléoclimats." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691313.
Full textLefeivre, Brigitte. "Etude expérimentale et par modélisation des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des précipitations collectées en forêt équatoriale africaine." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30077.
Full textMuller, Isabelle. "Restauration de marais temporaires et de pelouses méso-xériques à partir d’anciennes rizières : Rôle respectif des filtres dans l'assemblage des communautés." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG0329/document.
Full textEcological restoration is considered as one approach to slow down the loss of biodiversity. Changes in land-uses may be an opportunity to restore ecosystems degraded by agricultural activities. This is the case of the participatory project of the Cassaïre site, located in the Rhône delta, which aims at recreating Mediterranean ecosystems favorable to hunting on former ricefields. Two ecosystems are targeted, temporary wetlands and meso-xeric grasslands. The aims of the thesis are to highlight the main drivers of plant community establishment, to test restoration techniques and to evaluate their effects on plant communities but also on other compartments of the ecosystem. In the absence of target species in the regional species pool, the introduction of these species is necessary in addition to the restoration of abiotic conditions. Topsoil removal and soil transfer for wetland communities allow an increase of target species and of similarity with the reference community. This technique appears to be less relevant for aquatic invertebrate community. The contrasted successful of soil transfer highlights the risks of favoring some indicators of restoration success, as they may not reflect the entire ecosystem. Topsoil removal and hay transfer seem to be a relevant combination to recreate grassland plant community, although the results obtained are less convincing than for temporary wetland, probably due to high competition. Our results, obtained in mesocosms, even if they relate only to the early stages of recovery, provide restoration techniques that seem relevant to establish some components of the two reference ecosystems. These results, by their limitations, however, suggest focusing on in situ conservation of natural habitats rather than trying to restore them after they were destroyed.Keywords: Biodiversity, Community ecology, Restoration
Forber, Kirsty Jessica. "The phosphorus transfer continuum under climate change." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/125606/.
Full textWittneben, Bettina Beata Friederike. "Institutional change in the transfer of climate-friendly technology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615151.
Full textSaid, Ahmed Hami. "Etude de l’alimentation hydrique du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans le contexte pédoclimatique de la zone littorale de la République de Djibouti." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2034/document.
Full textDate palm is one of the few food crops adapted to the extreme weather conditions (drought, salinity), such as encountered in Djibouti. In the context of highly limited water resources, knowledge of the date palm water requirements is essential. The objective of this research was to determine the date palm water requirements, in the Djibouti pedoclimatic context, using in situ monitoring of water transport in the soil-plantatmosphere system, at the scale of a single date palm tree, and to quantify the date palm root water uptake. A fully developed date palm tree was instrumented at the irrigation basin scale, using several access tubes for neutron probe for monitoring the soil volumetric water content, and several tensiometers, installed from 10 to 160 cm depth. Three infiltration/redistribution experiments have been performed successively, the first without alteration of the soil-plant system, the second after cutting off a date palm tree while allowing the surface evaporation, the last with covering the soil surface to avoid evaporation. The results show large heterogeneity in soil hydraulic properties, with stratification linked to the coastline sedimentary context. The root water uptake is observed up to 80 cm depth. The date palm water requirements in the fresh period are estimated at 130 liters per day with a frequency of irrigation of one time every two weeks. For the first time, the date palm cultural coefficient has been established in the Djibouti climatic conditions (kc = 1.39). The obtained results will contribute to better management of irrigation and to improve the control of soil salinization in the pedoclimatic context of the Republic of Djibouti
Machin, M. Anthony. "Understanding the process of transfer of training in the workplace." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 1999. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003234/.
Full textUddin, Mahatab. "Climate Change and Requirement of Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160461.
Full textYousaf, Rehan. "Modelling heat transfer and respiration of occupants in indoor climate." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25472.
Full textDodson, Gayle J. "A Comparison of Trainee and Supervisor Perceptions of Transfer Climate in a Union-Based Training Program." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4711/.
Full textZhang, Xi. "Climate-change-related technology transfer to China in the TRIPS era." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/climatechangerelated-technology-transfer-to-china-in-the-trips-era(80a6480f-83cc-4645-9345-7f6cd595fa18).html.
Full textPourrier, Jonathan. "Caractérisation des processus de transferts et d’interactions entre les compartiments hydrologiques, hydrogéologiques et cryosphériques d’un bassin versant andin semi-aride soumis à une forte variabilité climatique (Vallée de l’Elqui – Chili)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20108/document.
Full textThe north Chile is affected by an arid to semi-arid climate, associated with a strong seasonal to inter-annual variability. In this region, while mountainous areas are supporting low areas, the availability of water resources remains limited. In order to improve the water management in these basins, it is necessary to precise how the high areas support the low areas, and to characterize water transfers and interaction processes between the constitutive compartments of the hydrosystem. This work concern the characterization of the hydrodynamic behavior of the Elqui watershed from the headwaters, in the Andes, to the valleys, ranging between 500 and 2000 m.a.s.l.In the headwaters, the interactions processes between cryospheric and hydrologic compartments and their impact on water transfers to the low areas are characterized. The behavior of unglacierized or partially glacierized watershed is also studied. In the low area of the watershed, the study mainly considers groundwater-surface water interactions under semi-arid context and the impact of the climatic variability on these processes. This study is based on more than 40 years of hydro-meteorological data available in the lower zone of the basin, completed by hydrological measurements in the upper zone (> 2000 m.a.s.l.) and chemical (majors and traces elements) and isotopic samples (²D, 18O) over the whole study area realized between 2011 and 2013.This work demonstrated that the conceptual model of the Elqui basin hydrological behavior, generally accepted, was incomplete. In the high area (> 2000 m.a.s.l.), the study of a glacierized watershed show that the function of the cryosphere overpass the water production with some compartments storing water during humid periods and draining their water content during dry periods. This process buffers the temporal variability of precipitations and melting rates in the high area. Physico-chemical analysis, allows to identify some ignored aquifer compartments, as the volcanic and plutonic compartments. The results of this study improve the knowledge about interactions processes between cryospheric, hydrologic and hydrogeologic compartments, which precise the hydrological functioning of the high area. The interpretation of the hydrological behavior of the high altitude area allows to better understand the way that it support the low area, and the way that climate variability may affects it.In the low area, results show that the groundwater-surface water interaction potential is good between alluvial and hydrological compartments, but also between the plutonic and the alluvial compartments. The study of hydro-meteorological and physico-chemical data allowed to characterize the type of exchanges that take place between groundwater and surface water. In some sectors the main process is the recharge of the alluvial compartment by the hydrological compartment, while in other sectors the processes show a seasonal variability with periods of alluvial compartment recharge and periods of hydrological compartment support. The answer of these processes face to climatic and anthropic forcing will constrain the evolution of the availability and quality of the water resources in the Elqui basin. Finally, the results of this study will certainly allow to better anticipate the future modifications of the semi-arid mountainous watershed hydrological functioning
Kahia, Ahmed Chakib. "Les conséquences du transfert interorganisationnel de connaissances : le cas de la relation client-fournisseur dans l’industrie française." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1079/document.
Full textThe interorganizational knowledge transfer is central for both scholars and practitioners. However, despite the attention given to the importance of this subject from different viewpoints and in different contexts, the effects of interorganizational transfer on the source firm (the sender) remain unclear. Our research attempts to fill this gap and has two complementary objectives: understanding the effects of interorganizational knowledge transfer and their usefulness for the source firm, and identifying factors that facilitate or inhibit these effects.To achieve these goals, we adopted an exploratory approach structured in two parts. The first part is dedicated to a literature review to construct a theoretical model of research, and the second allows us to compare the theoretical model to empirical reality.The study is a part of the interpretive paradigm. Data collected from 126 customer-supplier relationships in the French industry were analyzed through various statistical techniques.The study provides empirical verification of the importance of inter-organizational knowledge transfer. It also identifies the cognitive distance between partners, the quality of the relationship, the sender capability, the scope of knowledge transfer and the alignment of knowledge transfer as key factors in the success of the transfer. Finally, our research provides prescriptive tools for experts who aim to develop an effective and efficient knowledge transfer in the context of customer-supplier relationship
Lamberts, Roberto. "Heat transfer through roofs of low cost brazilian houses." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1988. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75495.
Full textBajolle, Lisa. "Reconstitution des paléotempératures holocènes de la forêt boréale coniférienne de l'ouest du Québec basée sur une approche multi-indicateurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG026/document.
Full textA future warmer global climate with more severe annual drought has been predicted, especially for the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Such an environmental change would be marked by higher frequencies and intensities of natural disturbances, which could threaten the integrity of some boreal forest ecosystems. One of the foreseeable consequences would be a significant increase in the occurrence of wildfires, which is already the major disruptive element of these ecosystems. The future of boreal ecosystems thus raises many questions and uncertainties, highlighting the need for a good characterization of spatio-temporal climate changes and its consequences on these ecosystems.In order to maintain these forest landscapes within the limits of their natural variability, the Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec (MFFP) proposes, in a context of sustainable ecosystem management, to establish a registry of reference states. In this perspective, the research objective of this thesis was to produce the most possible robust reconstructions of Holocene temperatures within the spruce-moss forest of western Québec. The research focused on a multi-indicator approach including Chironomidae and pollen deposited in the sediments of two selected lakes.The results highlight the relevance of Chironomidae head capsules to reconstruct at high temporal resolution the August Holocene temperatures from Lac Aurélie using two Transfer Functions (TF). The East Canadian TF was more in agreement with the regional signal than the Canadian TF. In addition, chironomid assemblages from Lac Lili gave an overestimated paleotemperature reconstruction due to the specific shallowness of this lake. Finally, the combined quantitative reconstruction (Chironomidae and pollen) of the August palaeotemperatures suggested three distinct periods: (i) 8500-4500 years BP, identified as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) during which the August temperatures are warmer than modern temperatures; (ii) 4500-1000 cal BP, marked by the beginning of the cold Neoglacial period, where the temperatures oscillate around the current values and (iii) the last 1000 cal BP, characterized by a general decrease of the temperatures. Several short climatic events were also identified for each period: (i) the 8200 cal BP cold event; (ii) the 4200 cal BP warm event; (iii) the Roman Warm Period (RWP, 1900-1700 cal BP); (iv) the Dark Age Cold Period (DACP, 1700-1500 cal BP); (v) Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 1100 cal BP) and (vi) the Little Ice Age (LIA, 500-250 cal BP). A series of cold events is also observed around 5900, 4300, 2800 and 400 cal BP, probably corresponding to the "Bond" events. The observed duration and amplitude of climate events are consistent with regional, North American records, and more widely those of the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, the synthesis highlighting climate-vegetation-fire relationships confirms the influence of climatic instability on changes in fire regimes mainly driven by seasonal variations in rainfall and frequency of drought events. However, our paleotemperatures combined reconstitution indicated that large fires coincide with the occasional event of 4200 cal BP and those occurring from 2000 cal BP onwards (RWP, DACP, MCA and LIA). Summer temperatures combined with other climatic variables (summer drought, summer insolation, and annual precipitation) play an important role in the variation of the fire regime in western Québec
Washington, Christopher L. "The relationships among learning transfer climate, transfer self-efficacy, goal commitment, and sales performance in an organization undergoing planned change /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402544592042.
Full textMcLean, Bronwyn. "Implementing Sustainability Locally : A Case Study of Policy Mobilities and Transfer." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91922.
Full textValty, Pierre. "Apport de la géodésie à l'étude des transferts de masse d'origine climatique. Application au Sud de l'Europe." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB1102.
Full textJaunatre, Renaud. "Dynamique et restauration d’une steppe méditerranéenne après changements d’usages (La Crau, Bouches-du-Rhône, France)." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0324/document.
Full textEcosystem restoration has been identified as one approach to slow down the loss of biodiversity and to protect all the biodiversity-based goods and services from which humankind benefits. Restoration feeds from knowledge coming from both community ecology and restoration ecology. The objectives of the thesis are to provide insights on both the dynamics of a mediterranean steppe after changes in land-use and the implementation of techniques which could be applied to restore this ecosystem after severe anthropogenic disturbances. The thesis takes as a study object the La Crau Mediterranean steppe, and especially former cultivated fields to study the recovery after cultivation and the Cossure large scale rehabilitation project to experiment rehabilitation and restoration techniques. Concerning dynamics after severe exogenous anthropogenic disturbances, we confirmed the low resilience of the steppe plant community both at mid- (30-40 years) and long-term (150 years) while the resilience of soil parameters and mycorrhizal infestation rate are effective on the long-term. Moreover we confirmed the role played by the three filters in the plant community recovery and found that for the La Crau steppe, this is firstly driven by the abiotic filter, then by the dispersion filter and finally by the biotic filter. Given this low resilience, we tested several restoration techniques applied at large-scale within the Cossure rehabilitation project: nurse species seeding, topsoil removal, hay transfer and soil transfer. In order to assess the efficiency of restoration techniques we developed indices to measure the community structure integrity, disentangling lower and higher abundances compared to the reference. The best results were obtained with soil transfer, followed by topsoil removal, then nurse species seeding and finally hay transfer. The research conducted for this thesis shows that current knowledge in ecological restoration makes it possible to restore at least partially some La Crau ecosystem components, but ought to lead us to understand the importance of in situ conservation of natural habitats as a better alternative to restore them after they were destroyed
Amundsen, David S. "Climate simulations of hot Jupiters : developing and applying an accurate radiation scheme." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17176.
Full textGkikas, Nikolaos. "Data Transfer and Management through the IKAROS framework : Adopting an asynchronous non-blocking event driven approach to implement the Elastic-Transfer's IMAP client-server connection." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166740.
Full textGivet det nuvarande läget för input/output (I/O) och lagringsenheter för system i peta-skala, skulle inkrementella lösningar bli ineffektiva om de implementerades i exa-skalamiljöer. Enligt ”The International Exascale Software Roadmap”, av Dongarra et al., är nuvarande I/O-arkitekturer inte tillräckligt skalbara, särskilt eftersom nuvarande delade filsystem har begränsningar när de används i storskaliga miljöer. Dessa begränsningar är: Bandbredd skalar inte på ett ekonomiskt sätt i storskaliga system, I/O-trafik på höghastighetsnätverk kan ha påverkan på och blir påverkad av andra orelaterade jobb, och I/O-trafik på lagringsservern kan ha påverkan på och bli påverkad av andra orelaterade jobb. Framtida applikationer på exa-skaladatorer kommer kräva I/O-bandbredd proportionellt till deras beräkningskapacitet. För att undvika dessa begränsningar föreslog C. Filippidis, C. Markou och Y. Cotronis ramverket IKAROS. I detta examensarbete utökas funktionaliteten hos den publikt tillgängliga modulen elastic-transfer (eT) som framtagits utifrån IKAROS. Den befintliga versionen av eT-ramverket implementerar Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) klient-serverkommunikation genom modulen ”Inbox” från Node Package Manager (NPM) ur Node.js programmeringsspråk. Denna modul användes som ett koncepttest, men i en verklig miljö så underminerar denna implementation systemets skalbarhet när ett stort antal värdar ansluter till systemet. Varje klient begär individuellt information relaterad till systemets metadata från IMAP-servern, vilket leder till en ineffektiv allokering av systemets resurser när ett stort antal värdar är samtidigt anslutna till eT-ramverket. Denna uppsats löser problemet genom att använda ett asynkront, icke-blockerande och händelsedrivet tillvägagångssätt för att implementera en IMAP klient-serveranslutning. Detta görs genom att integrera och modifiera NPM:s ”Imap”-modul, tagen från NPM:s katalog, så att den passar eT-ramverket. Eftersom formatet JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) har blivit ett av de mest spridda formaten för datautbyte så modifieras även eT:s metadata-struktur för att göra systemets metadata enkelt att omvandla till JSON-objekt. Denna funktionalitet ger ett bredare kompatibilitet och interoperabilitet med externa system. Utvärdering och tester av den nya modulens operationella beteende utfördes genom en serie dataöverföringsexperiment i en wide area network-miljö. Dessa experiment genomfördes för att få bekräftat att förändringarna i systemets arkitektur inte påverkade dess prestanda.
Hodson, Andrew. "Climate, hydrology and sediment transfer process interactions in a sub-polar glacier basin, Svalbard." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241002.
Full textNikolova, Natalia. "The client consultant relationship in professional business service firms." Köln Kölner Wiss.-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2922564&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textRebollar, Guillaume. "Une étude des atmosphères et des changements de l’atmosphère aux abords de la psychose et du traumatisme : construction de la notion d’Atmosphère par une approche clinique et psychopathologique d’inspiration psychanalytique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2135/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate how the terms “Atmosphere”, but also “Ambience” and “Climate”, which are related, can be understood in the field of psychoanalysis-inspired clinical psychology. This research was crucial in understanding how the effects of atmosphere apply during a session, especially while treating patients suffering from psychotic disorders, or in a traumatic state. Indeed, for these patients, the effects of psychotic or traumatic episodes often manifest through a feeling of catastrophic change in the atmosphere.Beyond studying the pathogenic effect of atmospheres during the clinical encounter with these subjects, we observed and analyzed that the session atmosphere could represent, for patients, a form of their subjective catastrophic change experience. Thus, atmosphere appears to be a medium allowing the reflection and repetition of traumatic feelings that have yet to be integrated and symbolized.But atmosphere representation is not only a static formation, and we will also study its dynamic, transferential and interactional functions.The variation of atmospheres will show a dynamic of dialogue and exchange, specific to the primal and archaic dimensions of psyche. In its essence, atmosphere involves the effect of another subject’s presence, that rekindles old feelings left by the particular conditions in which we met our early environment. In a therapeutic framework, atmosphere will appear to motivate the different subjects’ involvement on an esthesis and affective level. Thus, we will see that atmosphere is not only a static frame-screen, but that it also serves as a transformative agent of traumatic experiences. By helping subjects align on the same esthesis and affective tonalities, atmosphere will allow the first forms of the be-with-the-other feeling, close to the being-formless feelings, and that we call atmospheric sensory identity, to be more harmoniously shaped and transformed
Smart, Martin James. "Deglaciation dynamics of the Feegletscher Nord, Switzerland : implications for glacio-fluvial sediment transfer." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17094.
Full text