Journal articles: 'Climate exploitation'

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Portilla, Jesus, Jeison Sosa, and Luigi Cavaleri. "Wave energy resources: Wave climate and exploitation." Renewable Energy 57 (September 2013): 594–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.02.032.

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Diesel, Rick, and Caren Brenda Scheepers. "Innovation climate mediating complexity leadership and ambidexterity." Personnel Review 48, no. 7 (November 4, 2019): 1782–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2018-0445.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between complexity leadership and contextual ambidexterity as well as the mediating effect of organisational innovation climate in this link. This study is an answer to a call on which leadership approach and mediating factors can meet today’s seemingly contradictory challenges of efficiently managing business demands, while simultaneously searching for new opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The researchers analysed 1,204 usable survey responses from employees of South African organisations. Analysis was in the form of structural equation modelling. Mediation analysis was carried out on estimates of the indirect effect. Findings Results show that complexity leadership was a strong predictor of innovation climate; in turn, innovation climate positively impacts exploratory innovation by 64 per cent; complexity leadership and innovation climate positively affect exploitation by 57 per cent. The innovation climate plays a total mediator role between complexity leadership and exploratory innovation and a partial effect on exploitation. Practical implications This study gives human resource management (HRM) insight into strategically directing leadership recruitment and development towards creating an organisational climate to enhance ambidexterity. HRM must conduct regular climate surveys to ascertain whether current leadership is creating an environment that enables exploratory and exploitative innovation. Originality/value The authors’ contribution includes a theoretical contribution to the emerging field of complexity leadership by offering conceptual as well as empirical evidence of its role in ambidexterity. This study extends previous research in highlighting organisational climate’s mediating role of being open to new ideas to enable exploratory innovation.

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Datta, Kausik, Karen H. Bartlett, and Kieren A. Marr. "Cryptococcus gattii: Emergence in Western North America: Exploitation of a Novel Ecological Niche." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/176532.

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The relatively uncommon fungal pathogenCryptococcus gattiirecently emerged as a significant cause of cryptococcal disease in human and animals in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Although genetic studies indicated its possible presence in the Pacific Northwest for more than 30 years,C. gattiias an etiological agent was largely unknown in this region prior to 1999. The recent emergence may have been encouraged by changing conditions of climate or land use and/or host susceptibility, and predictive ecological niche modeling indicates a potentially wider spread.C. gattiican survive wide climatic variations and colonize the environment in tropical, subtropical, temperate, and dry climates. Long-term climate changes, such as the significantly elevated global temperature in the last 100 years, influence patterns of disease among plants and animals and create niche microclimates habitable by emerging pathogens.C. gattiimay have exploited such a hitherto unrecognized but clement environment in the Pacific Northwest to provide a wider exposure and risk of infection to human and animal populations.

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Hirst, Giles, Daan van Knippenberg, Qin Zhou, Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu, and Philip Cheng-Fei Tsai. "Exploitation and Exploration Climates’ Influence on Performance and Creativity: Diminishing Returns as Function of Self-Efficacy." Journal of Management 44, no. 3 (July 29, 2015): 870–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315596814.

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In response to calls for multilevel research examining individual and meso-level processes to understand how exploitation and exploration dynamics play out in teams, we propose that individual in-role performance (cf. exploitation) and creativity (cf. exploration) are associated with team exploitation and exploration climate respectively, and this influence is moderated by domain specific performance and creative self-efficacy respectively. Studying 317 engineers in 70 teams across three national regions, we theorize and find domain-specific evidence that when individual self-efficacy is high, team climate has diminishing performance (exploitation climate × performance self-efficacy) and creative (exploration climate × creative self-efficacy) benefits. By simultaneously studying creativity and performance, our study helps understand the differences and communalities in the drivers of those outcomes in identifying both the domain-specific character of these influences and the similarity in how these influences play out.

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Zuo, Xinxin, Houyuan Lu, Zhen Li, Bing Song, Deke Xu, Yafei Zou, Can Wang, Xiujia Huan, and Keyang He. "Phytolith and diatom evidence for rice exploitation and environmental changes during the early mid-Holocene in the Yangtze Delta." Quaternary Research 86, no. 3 (November 2016): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.001.

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AbstractUsing phytolith analysis from a well-dated and high-resolution sediment sequence in the apex of northern Yangtze Delta, we investigate environmental changes, the rise and decline of rice exploitation and possible impacts of environment on rice exploitation during the early mid-Holocene. The phytolith sequence documents a relatively warm and dry interval during ca.9000 to 8200 cal yr BP, followed by climatic amelioration before 7200 cal yr BP. Phytolith evidence indicates that rice exploitation at the apex of northern Yangtze Delta began at 8200 cal yr BP, flourished by 7700 cal yr BP and ceased after 7400 cal yr BP. The first emergence of marine diatom species approximately 7300 cal yr BP likely indicates an accelerated sea-level rise. The apparent correlation of the initiation of rice exploitation with climatic amelioration during the early mid-Holocene suggests that climatic changes may have played an important role in facilitating rice exploitation. Both the ideal climatic conditions and stable sea level enabled flourishing rice exploitation during 8200 to 7400 cal yr BP. Although the climate remained warm and wet after 7400 cal yr BP, local sea-level rise possibly led to the termination of earlier rice exploitation at this site of the northern Yangtze Delta.

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Kumar, Jitendra, Arbind K. Choudhary, Debjyoti Sen Gupta, and Shiv Kumar. "Towards Exploitation of Adaptive Traits for Climate-Resilient Smart Pulses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122971.

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Pulses are the main source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. These are primarily cultivated on marginal lands with few inputs in several resource-poor countries of the world, including several in South Asia. Their cultivation in resource-scarce conditions exposes them to various abiotic and biotic stresses, leading to significant yield losses. Furthermore, climate change due to global warming has increased their vulnerability to emerging new insect pests and abiotic stresses that can become even more serious in the coming years. The changing climate scenario has made it more challenging to breed and develop climate-resilient smart pulses. Although pulses are climate smart, as they simultaneously adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change, their narrow genetic diversity has always been a major constraint to their improvement for adaptability. However, existing genetic diversity still provides opportunities to exploit novel attributes for developing climate-resilient cultivars. The mining and exploitation of adaptive traits imparting tolerance/resistance to climate-smart pulses can be accelerated further by using cutting-edge approaches of biotechnology such as transgenics, genome editing, and epigenetics. This review discusses various classical and molecular approaches and strategies to exploit adaptive traits for breeding climate-smart pulses.

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Akil, Hussein, Philippe Robert-Demontrond, and Julien Bouillé. "Exploitation of mortality salience in communication on climate change." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 33, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 2–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570717745839.

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This research focuses on the effectiveness of anxiety-inducing communication for mobilizing consumers against climate change. Based on terror management theory (TMT), we show that this register can be counterproductive in generating consumer choices that run counter to pro-environmental logics. In particular, we report the results of an experiment ( N = 132) testing the influence of the type of communication (anxiogenic vs informative) on consumer choices (pro-materialistic vs pro-environmental). The results reveal that people’s consumption choices depend on their cultural worldviews (i.e. materialistic vs environmentalist) and the type of communication used. The effectiveness of communication strategies on climate change is then discussed in terms of people’s cultural worldview.

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Li, Peixian, Wenquan Zhu, Zhiying Xie, and Kun Qiao. "Integration of multiple climate models to predict range shifts and identify management priorities of the endangered Taxus wallichiana in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountain region." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 2255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01009-5.

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Abstract Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Himalayan yew) is subject to international and national conservation measures because of its over-exploitation and decline over the last 30 years. Predicting the impact of climate change on T. wallichiana’s distribution might help protect the wild populations and plan effective ex situ measures or cultivate successfully. Considering the complexity of climates and the uncertainty inherent in climate modeling for mountainous regions, we integrated three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) based on datasets from 14 Global Climate Models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 to: (1) predict the potential distribution of T. wallichiana under recent past (1960–1990, hereafter “current”) and future (2050s and 2070s) scenarios with the species distribution model MaxEnt.; and (2) quantify the climatic factors influencing the distribution. In respond to the future warming climate scenarios, (1) highly suitable areas for T. wallichiana would decrease by 31–55% at a rate of 3–7%/10a; (2) moderately suitable areas would decrease by 20–30% at a rate of 2–4%/10a; (3) the average elevation of potential suitable sites for T. wallichiana would shift up-slope by 390 m (15%) to 948 m (36%) at a rate of 42–100 m/10a. Average annual temperature (contribution rate ca. 61%), isothermality and temperature seasonality (20%), and annual precipitation (17%) were the main climatic variables affecting T. wallichiana habitats. Prior protected areas and suitable planting areas must be delimited from the future potential distributions, especially the intersection areas at different suitability levels. It is helpful to promote the sustainable utilization of this precious resource by prohibiting exploitation and ex situ restoring wild resources, as well as artificially planting considering climate suitability.

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Zuraik, Abdelrahman, and Louise Kelly. "The role of CEO transformational leadership and innovation climate in exploration and exploitation." European Journal of Innovation Management 22, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-10-2017-0142.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship among CEO transformational leadership, innovation climate and organizational innovation through exploration and exploitation. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire, designed as a self-reported survey, was distributed to individuals working in teams in US-based corporations, with a collected sample size of 215 organizations. Findings Results show that CEO transformational leadership has a direct positive effect on organizational innovation and an indirect effect through innovation climate. CEO leadership is more impactful for exploitation, compared to innovation climate, which has more influence on exploration. Research limitations/implications This study is the first to integrate CEO transformational leadership and innovation climate with exploration and exploitation outcomes. A research limitation is that there is a higher percentage of female than male respondents and a lower of percentage of female CEOs in this study. A further limitation is self-report which can lead to common method bias. Practical implications The close connection among CEO transformational leadership, innovation climate and organizational innovation suggests that evaluating, supporting and training CEO transformational leadership becomes a vital activity for boards, investors and managers. If management wants to increase exploration, they should pay particular attention to creating a climate that is supportive of innovation. Organizations should recruit and train CEOs for transformational leadership and regularly assess climate to ensure innovation results. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is highlighting the role of innovation climate as a mediator between CEO transformational leadership and the outcome of organizational innovation which is measured by exploration and exploitation activities.

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Rusu, Eugen, and Liliana Rusu. "Evaluation of the wind power potential in the European nearshore of the Mediterranean Sea." E3S Web of Conferences 103 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910301003.

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In the last years, the offshore wind sector has been constantly growing in Europe, coming also with a very competitive production price. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the wind power potential in the European coastal environment of the Mediterranean Sea, an area with a high population density. Furthermore, a high energy demand exists here and the potential of the renewable energy resources needs to be assessed for further exploitation. The analysis was performed considering some reference locations. The climate change impact on the wind energy resource is also investigated. Various comparisons between historical data and future climate projections simulated by a Regional Climate Model under RCP4.5 scenario are made. The results obtained show that in various locations, especially in Golf of Lion and the Aegean Sea, there are appropriate conditions for offshore wind exploitations.

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Razack, Moumtaz, Mohamed Jalludin, and Abdourahman Houmed-Gaba. "Simulation of Climate Change Impact on A Coastal Aquifer under Arid Climate. The Tadjourah Aquifer (Republic of Djibouti, Horn of Africa)." Water 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112347.

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The Republic of Djibouti has an area of 23,000 km2, a coastline 370 km long and a population of 820,000 inhabitants. It experiences an arid climate characterized by high daytime temperatures and low and irregular rainfall (average of 140 mm/year), resulting in continuous periods of drought. These difficult climatic conditions and the absence of perennial surface water have progressively led to an intensive exploitation of groundwater to meet increasing water demands in all sectors (drinking water, agriculture and industries). In coastal areas, seawater intrusion constitutes a significant additional risk of groundwater degradation. This study is focused on the coastal aquifer of Tadjourah which supplies water to the city of Tadjourah, currently comprising 21,000 inhabitants. The main objective of this work is to assess the current resources of this aquifer; its capacity to satisfy, or not, the projected water demands during coming years; and to analyze its vulnerability to seawater intrusion within the frame of climate change. Three RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathway) were used to simulate different climate scenarios up to 2100. The simulated rainfall series allowed to deduce the aquifer recharge up to 2100. The code Seawat was used to model seawater intrusion into the aquifer, using the recharge data deduced from the climate scenarios. The results indicate that the risk of contamination of the Tadjourah coastal aquifer by seawater intrusion is high. The long-term and sustainable exploitation of this aquifer must take into consideration the impact of climate change.

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Walsh, Kevin. "Risk and marginality at high altitudes: new interpretations from fieldwork on the Faravel Plateau, Hautes-Alpes." Antiquity 79, no. 304 (June 2005): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00114097.

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Living at high altitude carries risks, so settlement there can be thought marginal. Its success or failure ought to be dependent on the environment and the climate. But recent fieldwork in the French Alps shows that exploitation was not coincident with climatic conditions: Mesolithic people found the hunting good; in the climatic optimum of the Roman period the high altitudes were said to be uninhabitable and apparently were; while in the Little Ice Age of the fourteenth century and later, the high Alps were at their busiest. The author hypothesises that social control and perception, rather than climate, were the determinant factors.

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Walters, Carl, and Ana M. Parma. "Fixed exploitation rate strategies for coping with effects of climate change." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-151.

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Warlenius, Rikard. "Decolonizing the Atmosphere: The Climate Justice Movement on Climate Debt." Journal of Environment & Development 27, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496517744593.

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A central concept raised by the climate justice movement is climate debt. Here, the claims and warrants of the movement support for climate debt is identified through an argumentation analysis of their central manifestos. It is found that the climate debt claim is understood as primarily restorative, in the sense that the environmental space of the developing countries must be returned, “decolonized.” The damage caused by climate change also gives rise to a compensatory adaptation debt. The result is compared with an earlier study on ecological debt. Both concepts are framed within an unjust power relation between North and South, but there are differences. Ecological debt is mainly analyzed in terms of an unjust economic exploitation, which is congenial with its use as an argument for cancellation of Southern external debts; climate debt is rather seen as a violation of communal rights and territories, an argument for climate justice.

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Gregori, Giovanni. "Climate Change, Security, Sensors." Acoustics 2, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 474–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics2030026.

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A concise threefold illustration is given: (i) of climate change on the gigayear (Ga) time scale through the nanosecond (nsec) time scale, (ii) of the role of the performance of solid materials, concerning both manmade and natural structures with reference to security, and (iii) of the exploitation of the electrostatic energy of the atmospheric electrical circuit—which is an enormous reservoir of natural “clean” energy. Several unfortunate misunderstandings are highlighted that bias the present generally agreed beliefs. The typical natural pace of the Earth’s “electrocardiogram”, ~27.4 Ma, is such that, at present, for the first time humankind must challenge an Earth’s “heartbeat”. A correct use of sensors is needed to get an efficient monitoring of the ongoing climate change. Both anthropic and natural drivers are to be considered. A brief reminder is given about sensors that ought to monitor solid materials—with application (i) to every kind of machinery, building, viaduct or bridge, vehicle, aircraft, rocket, etc. and (ii) for a correct (and unprecedented) monitoring of the electric field at ground, which is the prerequisite for the exploitation of the electrostatic energy of the atmosphere. In every case, a systemic approach is always needed. Every specialized investigation often misses the true physics of phenomena. The resulting great complication can be tackled by means of suitable approximate and “simple” models, which always have to be correctly tested. The impact on the biosphere is manifested as a steady regeneration of microorganisms at the deep ocean floors, supplied by endogenous CH4. Microorganisms are thus the beginning of an ever rejuvenating food chain. The natural climate change implies a permanent evolution of living forms. On the longer time-scale, a permanent cycle occurs of species extinction and/or generation. In addition, owing to such a process, some living forms are likely to also exist underground on other planetary objects. That is, life ought to be a ubiquitous intrinsic endogenic feature of matter in the universe, while life’s survival, evolution and/or extinction, ought to depend on the available hosting environment.

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Karanisa, Theodora, Alexandre Amato, Renee Richer, Sara Abdul Majid, Cynthia Skelhorn, and Sami Sayadi. "Agricultural Production in Qatar’s Hot Arid Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074059.

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Agriculture has played an essential role in the provision of food and has been a major factor in overall economic development for societies around the world for millennia. In the past, agriculture in hot, arid countries like Qatar faced many challenges, the primary one being a dearth of water for irrigation. Historically this severely limited Qatar’s economic development, which was based largely on resource exploitation, pearl fishing, and only more recently, on the exploitation of its oil and gas reserves which subsequently has led to Qatar’s great wealth. This paper gives an overview of the recent evolution of Qatar’s agricultural sector and investigates future trends that tackle the challenges of its hot arid climate and the limited availability of agricultural resources. Specifically, the review analyses Qatar’s potential to develop a national food security strategy based on a significant expansion of food production in the country. We review recent policy actions implemented to address challenges in the food supply chain caused by a 3.5-year blockade imposed by the adjacent Arab Gulf States, discussing the renewed interest in the potential that an enhanced agricultural sector must provide some aspects of food security and the implications for policymakers that would logically ensue.

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Moine, M. P., S. Valcke, B. N. Lawrence, C. Pascoe, R. W. Ford, A. Alias, V. Balaji, et al. "Development and exploitation of a controlled vocabulary in support of climate modelling." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 2 (March 21, 2014): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-479-2014.

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Abstract. There are three key components for developing a metadata system: a container structure laying out the key semantic issues of interest and their relationships; an extensible controlled vocabulary providing possible content; and tools to create and manipulate that content. While metadata systems must allow users to enter their own information, the use of a controlled vocabulary both imposes consistency of definition and ensures comparability of the objects described. Here we describe the controlled vocabulary (CV) and metadata creation tool built by the METAFOR project for use in the context of describing the climate models, simulations and experiments of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CV and resulting tool chain introduced here is designed for extensibility and reuse and should find applicability in many more projects.

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Moine, M. P., S. Valcke, B. N. Lawrence, C. Pascoe, R. W. Ford, A. Alias, V. Balaji, P. Bentley, G. Devine, and E. Guilyardi. "Development and exploitation of a controlled vocabulary in support of climate modelling." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 2 (May 23, 2013): 2967–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-2967-2013.

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Abstract. There are three key components for developing a metadata system: a container structure laying out the key semantic issues of interest and their relationships; an extensible controlled vocabulary providing possible content; and tools to create and manipulate that content. While metadata systems must allow users to enter their own information, the use of a controlled vocabulary both imposes consistency of definition and ensures comparability of the objects described. Here we describe the controlled vocabulary (CV) and metadata creation tool built by the METAFOR project for use in the context of describing the climate models, simulations and experiments of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CV and resulting tool chain introduced here is designed for extensibility and re-use and should find applicability in many more projects.

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Glasby, G. P. "Potential impact on climate of the exploitation of methane hydrate deposits offshore." Marine and Petroleum Geology 20, no. 2 (February 2003): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8172(03)00021-7.

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Scharsack, Jörn P., Bartholomäus Wieczorek, Alexander Schmidt‐Drewello, Janine Büscher, Frederik Franke, Andrew Moore, Antoine Branca, et al. "Climate change facilitates a parasite’s host exploitation via temperature‐mediated immunometabolic processes." Global Change Biology 27, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15402.

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Woo-Durand, Catherine, Jean-Michel Matte, Grace Cuddihy, Chloe L. McGourdji, Oscar Venter, and James W. A. Grant. "Increasing importance of climate change and other threats to at-risk species in Canada." Environmental Reviews 28, no. 4 (December 2020): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0032.

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In a previous analysis, six major threats to at-risk species in Canada were quantified: habitat loss, introduced species, over-exploitation, pollution, native species interactions, and natural causes (O. Venter et al. 2006. Bioscience, 56(11): 903–910). Because of rapid environmental change in Canada and an enhanced understanding of the drivers of species endangerment, we updated the 2005 analysis and tested for changes in threats up until the end of 2018. We also expanded the scope to acknowledge climate change as a seventh major threat to species, given its increasing importance for reshaping biological communities. Using information on the COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) website, we scored the threats for each of 814 species. Habitat loss remained the most important anthropogenic threat to Canada’s at-risk species, affecting 82% of species, followed by over-exploitation (47%), introduced species (46%), and pollution (35%). Climate change was the least important threat, affecting only 13% of species. However, report writers used less certain language when talking about climate change compared with other threats, so when we included cases where climate change was listed as a probable or future cause, climate change was the fourth most important anthropogenic threat, affecting some 38% of species. The prevalence of threat categories was broadly similar to those for the United States and IUCN listed species. The taxa most affected by climate change included lichens (77%), birds (63%), marine mammals (60%), and Arctic species of all taxa (79%), whereas vascular plants (23%), marine fishes (24%), arthropods (27%), and non-Arctic species (35%) were least affected. A paired analysis of the 188 species with two or more reports indicated that any mention of climate change as a threat increased from 12% to 50% in 10 years. Other anthropogenic threats that have increased significantly over time in the paired analysis included introduced species, over-exploitation, and pollution. Our analysis suggests that threats are changing rapidly over time, emphasizing the need to monitor future trends of all threats, including climate change.

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Merino, Gorka, Manuel Barange, Lynda Rodwell, and Christian Mullon. "Modelling the sequential geographical exploitation and potential collapse of marine fisheries through economic globalization, climate change and management alternatives." Scientia Marina 75, no. 4 (July 15, 2011): 779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2011.75n4779.

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Acosta-Prado, Julio César. "Relationship between Organizational Climate and Innovation Capability in New Technology-Based Firms." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020028.

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Successfully developing a new product, service, or production process for commercial purposes involves complex and dynamic changes, and therefore requires an organizational climate that fosters innovation. In this sense, the means by which knowledge is created and exploited in the firm constitute its key competence and the source of its innovation capabilities. The research objective was to establish the relationship between organizational climate and innovation capability. The sample consisted of 102 Colombian new technology-based firms. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLSpredict were used for the statistical analysis. The results indicate that the organizational climate positively and directly influences the innovation capability (organizational ambidexterity, exploration, and exploitation). The findings obtained will help firms, especially those that require a lot of knowledge and carry out their activities in dynamic environments, to understand how organizational climate influences innovation capability, which is understood through the dimensions of exploration, exploitation, and organizational ambidexterity. This will provide new technology-based firms with a higher capacity to adapt to the conditions of uncertainty and complexity of the environment.

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Obregón, A., H. Nitsche, M. Körber, A. Kreis, P. Bissolli, K. Friedrich, and S. Rösner. "Satellite-based climate information within the WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre on Climate Monitoring." Advances in Science and Research 11, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-25-2014.

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Abstract. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) established Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) around the world to create science-based climate information on a regional scale within the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). The paper introduces the satellite component of the WMO Regional Climate Centre on Climate Monitoring (RCC-CM) for Europe and the Middle East. The RCC-CM product portfolio is based on essential climate variables (ECVs) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), spanning the atmospheric (radiation, clouds, water vapour) and terrestrial domains (snow cover, soil moisture). In the first part, the input data sets are briefly described, which are provided by the EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) Satellite Application Facilities (SAF), in particular CM SAF, and by the ESA (European Space Agency) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). In the second part, the derived RCC-CM products are presented, which are divided into two groups: (i) operational monitoring products (e.g. monthly means and anomalies) based on near-real-time environmental data records (EDRs) and (ii) climate information records (e.g. climatologies, time series, trend maps) based on long-term thematic climate data records (TCDRs) with adequate stability, accuracy and homogeneity. The products are provided as maps, statistical plots and gridded data, which are made available through the RCC-CM website (www.dwd.de/rcc-cm).

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McMahon, Kelton W., Chantel I. Michelson, Tom Hart, Matthew D. McCarthy, William P. Patterson, and Michael J. Polito. "Divergent trophic responses of sympatric penguin species to historic anthropogenic exploitation and recent climate change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (December 2, 2019): 25721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913093116.

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The Southern Ocean is in an era of significant change. Historic overharvesting of marine mammals and recent climatic warming have cascading impacts on resource availability and, in turn, ecosystem structure and function. We examined trophic responses of sympatric chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins to nearly 100 y of shared environmental change in the Antarctic Peninsula region using compound-specific stable isotope analyses of museum specimens. A century ago, gentoo penguins fed almost exclusively on low-trophic level prey, such as krill, during the peak of historic overexploitation of marine mammals, which was hypothesized to have resulted in a krill surplus. In the last 40 y, gentoo penguin trophic position has increased a full level as krill declined in response to recent climate change, increased competition from recovering marine mammal populations, and the development of a commercial krill fishery. A shifting isotopic baseline supporting gentoo penguins suggests a concurrent increase in coastal productivity over this time. In contrast, chinstrap penguins exhibited no change in trophic position, despite variation in krill availability over the past century. The specialized foraging niche of chinstrap penguins likely renders them more sensitive to changes in krill availability, relative to gentoo penguins, as evinced by their declining population trends in the Antarctic Peninsula over the past 40 y. Over the next century, similarly divergent trophic and population responses are likely to occur among Antarctic krill predators if climate change and other anthropogenic impacts continue to favor generalist over specialist species.

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Frank, Kenneth T., Brian Petrie, William C. Leggett, and Daniel G. Boyce. "Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 29 (July 5, 2016): 8248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602325113.

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Synchronous variations in the abundance of geographically distinct marine fish populations are known to occur across spatial scales on the order of 1,000 km and greater. The prevailing assumption is that this large-scale coherent variability is a response to coupled atmosphere–ocean dynamics, commonly represented by climate indexes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. On the other hand, it has been suggested that exploitation might contribute to this coherent variability. This possibility has been generally ignored or dismissed on the grounds that exploitation is unlikely to operate synchronously at such large spatial scales. Our analysis of adult fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass of 22 North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks revealed that both the temporal and spatial scales in fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass were equivalent to those of the climate drivers. From these results, we conclude that greater consideration must be given to the potential of exploitation as a driving force behind broad, coherent variability of heavily exploited fish species.

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Zhao, Rong, Hua Jin Chang, and Ke Long Chen. "Environmental Risk of Gas Hydrates Exploitation in Tibetan Plateau Permafrost." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2114.

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Gas hydrate samples were collected in Muli area (Qinghai Province, China) of Tibetan Plateau permafrost, which is the first discovery of gas hydrate in Chinese permafrost and in the low to middle latitude permafrost of the world. Although the exploitation of gas hydrate in Tibetan Plateau permafrost has lots of important significance, environmental risks including permafrost and alpine meadow ecosystem degeneration, global climate influence, and environmental pollution would take place in the exploitation process. In order to avoid or decrease the risk, safe and dependable exploitation technique, carbon capture and storage technology, engineering process control, legislation and emergency preparatory scheme should be put into practice.

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Berres, Thomas E. "CLIMATIC CHANGE AND LACUSTRINE RESOURCES AT THE PERIOD OF INITIAL AZTEC DEVELOPMENT." Ancient Mesoamerica 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100111101.

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Explanations for the emergence of the Aztec state need to consider changes in the climate and the potential effects resulting from these changes on the productivity of the lake network in the Valley of Mexico. Change in the human ecosystem is a complex process of interactions between multiple cultural variables and the environment. In this study, I examine the nature of three primary resources, fish, salt, and waterfowl, available for Early Aztec–period exploitation within the valley lake system. The intensification of lacustrine resource exploitation appears to be correlated with changing climatic conditions that occurred about a.d. 1150. Although the focus of this study is be on the cause-and-effect relationship between culture and environment, it is acknowledged that the environment is just one factor that must be considered to fully understand initial Aztec development.

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Marinova, Dora, and Diana Bogueva. "Livestock Production: Climate and Sustainability Impacts." Proceedings 73, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ieca2020-07787.

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Despite abundant evidence about the large contribution of livestock production to climate change and its serious negative impacts on sustainability, it has only recently started to come under scrutiny. Greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, biodiversity loss, the inefficient use of natural resources, and the application of antibiotics are some of the aspects associated with the current and increasing trends in the supply of livestock food products. With sustainability being an anthropocentric concept, there seems to be little concern about animal exploitation and limited discussion about the role of livestock in improving human quality of life. The presentation provides an overview of the climate and sustainability impacts of livestock production and argues that an increase in the adoption of plant-based options is a win-win situation for all the species on this planet.

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Zheng, Zhi Rong, Chao Yang Feng, Sheng Xing Ye, Zhao Yan Diao, and Shi Hai Lv. "The Pressures and Countermeasures of Grassland Biodiversity Conservation in Northern China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3696.

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In this study, we sought to analyze the pressures of the grassland ecosystem in China and explore practical countermeasures to protect grassland biodiversity. The prominent ecological problems in grassland biodiversity conservation included rapid population growth, economic development, resource exploitation and global climate change, among which human interferences strongly influenced the grassland ecosystem. Rapid population growth and economic development still severely restricted biodiversity conservation, but coal resource exploitation gradually developed a new serious pressure for grassland biodiversity. In addition, climate change further aggravated biodiversity loss. According to these pressures, we proposed several practical countermeasures such as readjusting the industrial structure, and relieving the pressures of grassland, and conducting near-natural restoration as well as carrying out ecological compensation. This study will provide the scientific reference for manager and policy-makers of grassland biodiversity conservation.

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Hassani, Hossein, Xu Huang, and Emmanuel Silva. "Big Data and Climate Change." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc3010012.

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Climate science as a data-intensive subject has overwhelmingly affected by the era of big data and relevant technological revolutions. The big successes of big data analytics in diverse areas over the past decade have also prompted the expectation of big data and its efficacy on the big problem—climate change. As an emerging topic, climate change has been at the forefront of the big climate data analytics implementations and exhaustive research have been carried out covering a variety of topics. This paper aims to present an outlook of big data in climate change studies over the recent years by investigating and summarising the current status of big data applications in climate change related studies. It is also expected to serve as a one-stop reference directory for researchers and stakeholders with an overview of this trending subject at a glance, which can be useful in guiding future research and improvements in the exploitation of big climate data.

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Legendre, L., and J. Le Févre. "Interactions between hydrodynamics and pelagic ecosystems: relevance to resource exploitation and climate change." South African Journal of Marine Science 12, no. 1 (June 1992): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619209504719.

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Raymond Pralong, Mélanie, Jens Martin Turowski, Dieter Rickenmann, and Massimiliano Zappa. "Climate change impacts on bedload transport in alpine drainage basins with hydropower exploitation." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 40, no. 12 (April 24, 2015): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3737.

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Eghweree, Charles Ogheneruonah, and Festus O. Imuetinyan. "Africa and the Climate Change Diplomacy." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n2p101.

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The climate change debate and how to tame impact of climate change in the global context, remains a topical issue that elicits response from both continental bodies and states. While western countries take practical diplomatic steps in the climate change debate, African states appear both silent and unprepared for the challenges of climate change. Exploitation of natural resources has left marked impact on the environment in most African states, as degraded environment; denying them opportunity of harnessing wealth of the environment to achieve sustainable national development. Utilizing secondary data, the paper examines Africa’s effort at striking favourable climate change deals in the global context and what Africans are doing to maintain a healthy environment to achieve sustainable development. The paper recommends that Africa should be proactive in the global climate change politics to avert being short-changed.

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Anyu, J. Ndumbe, and William G. DZEKASHU. "Freshwater Resource Exploitation: New Security Challenge for Africa." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (July 8, 2020): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8521.

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Population growth and human activities such as freshwater resource exploitations continue to have shattering effects on ecological dynamics. These effects are likely not unrelated to issues emanating from climate change and global warming. There is adequate scientific evidence that supports shifting trends in the ecosystem and specifically relating to increased water use and loss of wetlands; that poses a new security challenge for Africa especially, and which without proper intervention, could be catastrophic; resulting in food shortage and profound implications on biodiversity conservation. Many measures have been put in place intended to arrest excessive water extraction; the measures include co-management, encouragement of local community adaptation methods, and good governance. It is unclear whether these methods can catch up with the speed of depletion of the water resources. There is fear that future scarcity in water resources could compound with other issues plaguing Africa to result in conflicts.

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Njukeng, J. N., P. M. Muenyi, B. K. Ngane, and E. E. Ehabe. "Ethephon Stimulation and Yield Response of SomeHeveaClones in the Humid Forests of South West Cameroon." International Journal of Agronomy 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/257340.

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Several exploitation systems are being used today to sustainably improve dry rubber production by the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). These involve different combinations of tapping frequencies, cut lengths, stimulation frequencies, and stimulant concentrations. Such combinations are much easier to ascertain for confirmed clones as opposed to new introductions, for which extensive testing is required. A study was therefore conducted in the South West region of Cameroon characterized by a monomodal rainfall regime (one dry and one rainy season) to evaluate yield response to Ethephon stimulation (conc. 2.5%) of some newly introduced rubber clones (IRCA 18, IRCA 19, RRIC 100, and RRIC 110) for large-scale planting in Cameroon. Generally, annual yields and tree productivity ranged between the referenced clones tested: some closer to the intermediate yielding GT 1 (IRCA 18 and IRCA 19) and others to the high yielding PB clones (RRIC 100 and RRIC 110) indicating thereby the possible convenient adoption of some established exploitation regimes for these new introductions. Climatic factors like cumulative rainfall and relative humidity conditioned rubber yields of clones tested and considerably accounted for yield variations. These results could be used as a first step towards deriving regional climate models for predicting rubber yields, especially in an era of global climate change.

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Mazi, K., A. D. Koussis, and G. Destouni. "Intensively exploited Mediterranean aquifers: resilience to seawater intrusion and proximity to critical thresholds." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 5 (May 8, 2014): 1663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1663-2014.

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Abstract. We investigate seawater intrusion in three prominent Mediterranean aquifers that are subject to intensive exploitation and modified hydrologic regimes by human activities: the Nile Delta, Israel Coastal and Cyprus Akrotiri aquifers. Using a generalized analytical sharp interface model, we review the salinization history and current status of these aquifers, and quantify their resilience/vulnerability to current and future seawater intrusion forcings. We identify two different critical limits of seawater intrusion under groundwater exploitation and/or climatic stress: a limit of well intrusion, at which intruded seawater reaches key locations of groundwater pumping, and a tipping point of complete seawater intrusion up to the prevailing groundwater divide of a coastal aquifer. Either limit can be reached, and ultimately crossed, under intensive aquifer exploitation and/or climate-driven change. We show that seawater intrusion vulnerability for different aquifer cases can be directly compared in terms of normalized intrusion performance curves. The site-specific assessments show that (a) the intruding seawater currently seriously threatens the Nile Delta aquifer, (b) in the Israel Coastal aquifer the sharp interface toe approaches the well location and (c) the Cyprus Akrotiri aquifer is currently somewhat less threatened by increased seawater intrusion.

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Mazi, K., A. D. Koussis, and G. Destouni. "Intensively exploited Mediterranean aquifers: resilience and proximity to critical points of seawater intrusion." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2013): 13817–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13817-2013.

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Abstract. We investigate here seawater intrusion in three prominent Mediterranean aquifers that are subject to intensive exploitation and modified hydrologic regimes by human activities: the Nile Delta Aquifer, the Israel Coastal Aquifer and the Cyprus Akrotiri Aquifer. Using a generalized analytical sharp-interface model, we review the salinization history and current status of these aquifers, and quantify their resilience/vulnerability to current and future sea intrusion forcings. We identify two different critical limits of sea intrusion under groundwater exploitation and/or climatic stress: a limit of well intrusion, at which intruded seawater reaches key locations of groundwater pumping, and a tipping point of complete sea intrusion upto the prevailing groundwater divide of a coastal aquifer. Either limit can be reached, and ultimately crossed, under intensive aquifer exploitation and/or climate-driven change. We show that sea intrusion vulnerability for different aquifer cases can be directly compared in terms of normalized intrusion performance curves. The site-specific assessments show that the advance of seawater currently seriously threatens the Nile Delta Aquifer and the Israel Coastal Aquifer. The Cyprus Akrotiri Aquifer is currently somewhat less threatened by increased seawater intrusion.

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Baptiste, April Karen, and Hubert Devonish. "The Manifestation of Climate Injustices: The Post-Hurricane Irma Conflicts Surrounding Barbuda’s Communal Land Tenure." Journal of Extreme Events 06, no. 01 (March 2019): 1940002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737619400025.

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Hurricane Irma caused significant destruction to the Caribbean during the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane season. In its aftermath, many of these Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are left with the dilemma of seeking ways to rebuild in some cases entire nation states. Using the case study of Antigua and Barbuda, where Barbuda was the first Caribbean island to receive a direct hit from Hurricane Irma, the paper begins to explore the ways in which the global system of exploitation of SIDS exacerbates internal historical conflicts which is a manifestation of climate injustices. Specifically, the Barbudans’ relative privilege in having inherited communal land rights have become, for the government, the barrier standing in the way of the only alternative funding sources for reconstruction, foreign tourism investment. Using the theoretical underpinnings of climate justice, we argue that the causers of climate change, who are generally the inheritors of the historic colonization, exploitation and impoverishment of these states, will effectively benefit from the intensity of Hurricane Irma, given that they will eventually get access to Barbudan land if the communal land rights are revoked.

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Dao, Hai Hong, and Tu Dinh Nguyen. "Assessing the middle – upper pleistocene aquifer vulnerability due to the seawater intrusion in Ca Mau peninsula." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 4 (August 14, 2019): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i4.827.

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The impact of climate change and over exploitation reduced the quality and groundwater reserves of the Ca Mau peninsula. This study used the GALDIT index to assess the vulnerability of groundwater resources due to salinity intrusion under exploitation and sea level rise. The GALDIT index results showed that the damage caused by the salinity intrusion of the Middle - Upper Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3)was from moderate to high. The most vulnerable areas were Ca Mau and Soc Trang, accounting for 54.52% of the studied area, the average vulnerabbe areas were Kien Giang and Bac Lieu. This result could be used as a basis for policy planning, exploitation and utilization of sustainable groundwater resources, and to develop appropriate recommendations for people in the studied area.

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Tait, Peta. "Love, Fear, and Climate Change: Emotions in Drama and Performance." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 5 (October 2015): 1501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.5.1501.

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If the survival of human and nonhuman animals depends on challenging beliefs about our species' exploitation of nature, it also depends on posthumanist perspectives that question more widely the ways in which humans perceive and inhabit the environment emotionally. I argue here that drama can make a valuable contribution not only to the process of interpreting emotions but also to raising awareness that emotional feelings have material efects. he capacity of drama and its performance to grapple with emotional responses to climate change and with broader scientiic knowledge seems particularly prescient.

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Žalimienė, Laura, Audrius Vaitkus, and Donatas Čygas. "Insights and Findings Following 11 Years of Test Road Exploitation." Coatings 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121161.

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Road pavement is one of the most important components of road structure. Long-term monitoring changes in the state of road pavement under real conditions of load and climate allows to determine surface degradation mechanisms, select sustainable road building materials and their mixes, rationally employ asphalt paving technologies, and improve quality control. For a number of years, road pavement structures have been studied that should best meet the Lithuanian climate conditions and withstand the increasing impact of vehicle load. Thus, for that purpose, specially designed, constructed and tested roads or road sections for different pavement structures are most appropriate. One of those was constructed in 2007. The experimental road (hereinafter, the Test Road) consisted of 27 different pavement structures (PSs) produced of various materials. The study aims to evaluate the effect of different materials on variations in the bearing capacity of the pavement structure (PS), the sustainability of the structure, and the formation of ruts in 2007–2018. In this way, difference in bearing capacity, rutting depth between sections, and loaded and unloaded lanes was estimated. Further, the statistical analysis of these factors was conducted. Investigations have shown that the minimum bearing capacity of 754 MPa established after 11 years did not affect the formation of rut depth that was less than 1.0 cm. The PSs covered with the used asphalt granules, a larger asphalt base course on gravel, the sand mix base course, and granite aggregate mixed with sand base course were accepted as one of the PSs with the highest bearing capacity with PSs exceeding 929 MPa. The bearing capacity of the PS containing a 20 cm aggregate base course is on average higher by 30 MPa than PS holding a 15 cm aggregate base course.

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Denechaud, Côme, Szymon Smoliński, Audrey J. Geffen, Jane A. Godiksen, and Steven E. Campana. "A century of fish growth in relation to climate change, population dynamics and exploitation." Global Change Biology 26, no. 10 (August 20, 2020): 5661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15298.

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Xie, Zheng-Hui, Yu-Jin Zeng, Jun Xia, Pei-Hua Qin, Bing-Hao Jia, Jing Zou, and Shuang Liu. "Coupled modeling of land hydrology–regional climate including human carbon emission and water exploitation." Advances in Climate Change Research 8, no. 2 (June 2017): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2017.05.001.

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Guillou, Nicolas, George Lavidas, and Georges Chapalain. "Wave Energy Resource Assessment for Exploitation—A Review." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090705.

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Over recent decades, the exploitation of wave energy resources has sparked a wide range of technologies dedicated to capturing the available power with maximum efficiency, reduced costs, and minimum environmental impacts. These different objectives are fundamental to guarantee the development of the marine wave energy sector, but require also refined assessments of available resource and expected generated power to optimize devices designs and locations. We reviewed here the most recent resource characterizations starting from (i) investigations based on available observations (in situ and satellite) and hindcast databases to (ii) refined numerical simulations specifically dedicated to wave power assessments. After an overall description of formulations and energy metrics adopted in resource characterization, we exhibited the benefits, limitations and potential of the different methods discussing results obtained in the most energetic locations around the world. Particular attention was dedicated to uncertainties in the assessment of the available and expected powers associated with wave–climate temporal variability, physical processes (such as wave–current interactions), model implementation and energy extraction. This up-to-date review provided original methods complementing the standard technical specifications liable to feed advanced wave energy resource assessment.

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Rouyer, Tristan, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Manuel Hidalgo, and Nils C. Stenseth. "Combined effects of exploitation and temperature on fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 7 (March 28, 2014): 1554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu042.

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Abstract Fish stock fluctuations are affected by two potentially confounding forces: the removal of individuals by fisheries and climatic variations affecting the productivity of fish populations. Disentangling the relative importance of these forces has thus been a question of primary importance for fisheries management and conservation. Through the analysis of long-term time-series for 27 fish stocks from the Northeast Atlantic, the present study shows that the sign and intensity of the effect of temperature on biomass are dependent on the geographical location: the stocks located at the southernmost and northernmost latitudes of our study displayed stronger associations with temperature than the stocks located in the middle range of latitudes. As a consequence, the investigation of the combined effects of exploitation and the environment revealed that the stocks at the northern/southern boundaries of the spatial extent of the species were more prone to combined effects. The interplay between geographic location, climate and exploitation thus plays a significant role in fish stock productivity, which is generally ignored during assessment, thus affecting management procedures.

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Korvela, Tiina. "To exploit or not to exploit: The structure and development of arguments over the use of wetlands." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (July 7, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3353.

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This paper considers the discourse surrounding the exploitation of wetlands (also called marshlands, bogs, mires and peatlands) in Finland. The focus of the paper is on the development of the arguments used in the discourse – thus the paper also gives an insight into how the legal regimes concerning wetlands have developed. The arguments are analysed using the dualistic and deconstructive model developed in Critical Legal Studies by Martti Koskenniemi. The hypothesis is that, to some extent, the model developed for international law can be adapted to fit national laws, but that significant problems may still arise. Throughout the history of discourse on wetlands, legal arguments have essentially dealt with the conflict between the conservation of wetlands or their exploitation for peat, which is a source of energy. Three arguments are discussed in this paper: 1) The ‘sovereignty argument’; 2) The ‘no harm argument’; and 3) The ‘climate change argument’. The sovereignty argument has been dominant from the beginning of the industrialised production of peat, but the no harm argument has been steadily gaining weight. Interestingly, the climate change argument lacks traction in the discourse even though the importance of wetlands in adaptation to climate change is common knowledge. This paper argues that regional and national authorities use legislation and the no harm argument in innovative ways. These innovations may be useful for the aims underlying the climate change argument.

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Concas, A., G. Corrias, R. Orrù, R. Licheri, M. Pisu, and G. Cao. "Remarks on ISRU and ISFR Technologies for Manned Missions on Moon and Mars." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 14, no. 3 (May 23, 2012): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj120.

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Space colonization and exploitation of extra-terrestrial natural resources could help humanity in facing various Earth problems. In this regard, production of energy and materials starting from Moon and Mars natural resources as well as the transportation of humans in space could be considered the long term remedy to issues such as overpopulation, depletion of fossil fuels, climate change as well as reduction of available natural resources. Along theses lines, two recently filed patents related to use of novel technologies for the in situ exploitation of natural resources available on Moon and Mars have been developed.

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Papadopoulou, Maria, Despoina Charchousi, Katerina Spanoudaki, Anna Karali, Konstantinos Varotsos, Christos Giannakopoulos, Marinos Markou, and Maria Loizidou. "Agricultural Water Vulnerability under Climate Change in Cyprus." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060648.

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This study focuses on the quantification of climate change (CC) effects on agricultural water availability in Cyprus. Projections of climatic variables, based on Regional Climate Models (RCMs) forced by the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, were used as CC driving forces affecting water availability. Groundwater flow models were developed for specific high-interest agricultural areas in Larnaca and Paphos to assess the CC impacts on these groundwater systems, while the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) analysis was also adopted, for the first time in Cyprus, to assess future trends of water reservoir storage under the projected climatic conditions. Considering the current cultivation and irrigation practices, a decrease in groundwater level close to 1 m and further inland seawater intrusion in Larnaca aquifers are expected, while in Paphos’ aquifers, the predicted water table fluctuations are not significant. Additionally, SPEI values at the Asprokemos and Kouris dams are correlated with water storage measurements, showing that a SPEI downward trend observed in these reservoirs could set off an alarm to the water authorities with respect to water availability as more severe drought events are expected in the future. The expected pressure on surface waters imposes the need for an improved water management plan that will not depend on the further exploitation of groundwater.

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Quetglas, Antoni, Francesc Ordines, Manuel Hidalgo, Sebastià Monserrat, Susana Ruiz, Ángel Amores, Joan Moranta, and Enric Massutí. "Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 2 (November 29, 2012): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss181.

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Abstract Quetglas, A., Ordines, F., Hidalgo, M., Monserrat, S., Ruiz, S., Amores, Á., Moranta, J., and Massutí, E. 2013. Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 319–328. Accumulating evidence shows that fishing exploitation and environmental variables can synergistically affect the population dynamics of exploited populations. Here, we document an interaction between fishing impact and climate variability that triggered a synchronic response in the population fluctuations of six exploited species in the Mediterranean from 1965–2008. Throughout this period, the fishing activity experienced a sharp increase in fishing effort, which caused all stocks to shift from an early period of underexploitation to a later period of overexploitation. This change altered the population resilience of the stocks and brought about an increase in the sensitivity of its dynamics to climate variability. Landings increased exponentially when underexploited but displayed an oscillatory behaviour once overexploited. Climatic indices, related to the Mediterranean mesoscale hydrography and large-scale north Atlantic climatic variability, seemed to affect the species with broader age structure and longer lifespan, while the global-scale El Niño Southern Oscillation index (ENSO) positively influenced the population abundances of species with a narrow age structure and short lifespan. The species affected by ENSO preferentially inhabit the continental shelf, suggesting that Mediterranean shelf ecosystems are sensitive to the hydroclimatic variability linked to global climate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Climate exploitation'

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