Journal articles: 'Climatic changes – Ghana'

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Cudjoe, Godwin P., Phillip Antwi-Agyei, and Benjamin A. Gyampoh. "The Effect of Climate Variability on Maize Production in the Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, Ghana." Climate 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9100145.

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Agriculture is one of the sectors most susceptible to changes in climatic conditions. The impact is even stronger in Africa, where rain-fed agriculture is vital for daily subsistence, but where adaptive capacity is low. It is therefore crucial to increase the understanding of the actual climate change dynamics on agricultural productivity. This study examined the effects of changes in climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature on maize production in the Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, Ghana. Regression, chi-square and trend analyses were used to establish the relationship between climate variables (rainfall and temperature) and maize yield in the study area. This was supplemented with participatory household interviews with 120 farmers to understand the perception of farmers on rainfall and temperature patterns. The results from the study respondents and trend analysis show that rainfall is shorter in terms of duration and less predictable, whilst temperature has increased. The findings suggest that the general relationship between rainfall, temperature and maize yield is such that maize yield increased with increasing rainfall of the right amount and distribution pattern and decreased with increasing temperature. The study concludes that climate variability and/or change is evident in the study area and its effect on maize yield is severe.

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Odame, E., H. Gonu, and L. Quansah. "Sugar Content, pH, and Weight of Four Germplasms of Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) Fruits Grown Under Two Agro-Ecological Zones in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Science 61, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v61i2.7.

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Changes in climatic conditions are associated with changes in the physicochemical properties of many fruits. Four germplasms of cashew apple originating from Brazil, Tanzania, Ghana (herein referred to as local) and Mozambique but all grown in Ghana were studied to assess the effect of agro-climatic zones on the sugar accumulation, pH, and weight of these cashew apples. Cashew apples were sourced from experimental stations in Bole and Wenchi in the Northern and Savannah regions of Ghana, respectively. A total of 1800 fruits were used for the experiment. Inter and intra significant differences (P < 0.05) were scored amongst germplasms collected from both locations concerning the measured parameters. Sugar ranged between 8.7% - 12.5% with fruits from Bole having the highest sugar content. The pH value ranged from 3.9 (Local germplasm from Bole) – 4.3 (Tanzania germplasm from both locations). The weight ranged between 33 g (Tanzania germplasm from Bole) – 69.8 g (Brazil germplasm from Bole). Meteorological data (from February 2017- April 2018) collected from both locations inf‍luenced the parameters, thus associating with the fruits from both locations. Conclusively, the present study indicated that, weather and geographical locations had an effect on sugar content, pH, and weight of cashew apples.

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Teye, Joseph Kofi, Joseph Awetori Yaro, and Simon Bawakyillenuo. "Local farmers’ experiences and perceptions of climate change in the Northern Savannah zone of Ghana." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 7, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-05-2014-0066.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the perceptions and experiences of climate change by local farmers in the Northern Savannah zone of Ghana. Although recent scholarship shows that local people’s perceptions of climate change is necessary for devising strategies to deal with the problem, only a few researchers have examined local knowledge of climate change in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data were collected from six rural communities in the Northern Savannah zone of Ghana, using a questionnaire survey on a sample of 530 farmers, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse variations in experience and perception of climate change. Findings – A majority of the farmers have noticed rising temperatures and declining rainfall. Their observations largely correspond with the evidence of changes recorded by weather monitoring stations. The perception of climate change is associated with locality of residence, gender and ownership of radio. The impacts of climate and variability include declining crop output, food insecurity and water stress. Respondents attributed changes in climatic parameters to economic activities and spiritual factors. It is recommended that environmental managers should actively involve local farmers in the design and implementation of policies to control climate change and variability. Originality/value – The methodology used demonstrates how multinomial logit models can be used to investigate perceptions of climate change. The research findings also provide very useful information that can be relied upon to design policies to deal with climate change and variability in Ghana.

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Tschakert, Petra, Raymond Tutu, and Anna Alcaro. "Embodied experiences of environmental and climatic changes in landscapes of everyday life in Ghana." Emotion, Space and Society 7 (May 2013): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2011.11.001.

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Arku, Frank S., Emmanuel N. Angmor, and Godlove T. Adjei. "Perception and responses of traders to climate change in downtown, Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2016-0027.

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Purpose What people understand by climate change can differ depending on whether and how the change affects their livelihoods. It is largely documented that farmers who depend on rainfall to cultivate crops understand climate change as a change in climatic elements, especially rainfall which negatively affects crop production. However, studies on how people whose livelihoods do not directly depend on climate change understand it, whether and how the changes affect their livelihoods and whether and how they are coping to the change are limited in the literature. This paper aims to therefore determine perspective of traders of climate change and how they cope. Design/methodology/approach The data collection took place in Accra, which is the capital city of Ghana. Thousand traders who sold unprocessed and processed food as well as manufactured goods took part in the study. Questionnaires which were largely open-ended were administered. SPSS version 16 was used to analyse the data. In addition, some of the interview responses were included verbatim to support study participants view on some issues. Findings The majority of the respondents engaged in trading of manufactured goods. The respondents understood climate change as prolonged dry season and changes in rainfall pattern. About 97 per cent of the respondents said climate change had negatively impacted their trading activities, and almost all respondents (91 per cent) who were affected by climate change livelihoods were also affected such that they were unable to meet their basic needs. About 23 per cent have adopted coping strategies by depending on friends, relatives and engaging in menial jobs, and 63 per cent adopted no coping strategy. Originality/value It seems that rural farmers may have more options than urban traders during climate change. This can mean that research and policy efforts towards adaption to climate change should not focus only on farmers but traders as well.

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Asiedu, Berchie, Dickson Malcolm, and Seidu Iddrisu. "Assessing the economic impact of climate change in the small-scale aquaculture industry of Ghana, West Africa." AAS Open Research 1 (November 1, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12911.1.

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Background: Aquaculture in Ghana is very profitable, but faces sustainability challenges. This paper assessed the impact pathways by which climate change affects the production and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Ghana. The study analyzed and compared the economic value of smallholder fish farms with and without the incidence of climatic parameters. Methods: Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study area and farms. A total of 30 farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire-based interview. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms’ production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed. Results: Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture value from GH¢ 1,200,000 to GH¢ 83,000, reducing fish supply by 25%. The findings indicate that the profitability, economic value, and livelihoods of the small-scale aquaculture industry is greatly affected by changes in climate. The incidence of floods, drought, erratic rainfall, erosion, and extreme temperature synergistically induce poverty. The implication on the livelihoods of fish farming households is very alarming and poses a serious threat to food security in the country. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that; floods, rainfall temperature, and drought are the major climatic factors affecting the profitability and sustainability of the pond aquaculture industry. The preliminary recommendation is that there is an urgent need to map out flood-free zones close to perennial water bodies to overcome floods and droughts. Planting trees around ponds to create a micro-ecologies ideal for fish culture and also the construction of water storage facilities and proper dyke design would overcome drought and erosion issues. The adaptive capacity of fish-farmers must be built.

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Asiedu, Berchie, Dickson Malcolm, and Seidu Iddrisu. "Assessing the economic impact of climate change in the small-scale aquaculture industry of Ghana, West Africa." AAS Open Research 1 (October 17, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12911.2.

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Background: Aquaculture in Ghana is very profitable, but faces sustainability challenges. This paper assessed the impact pathways by which climate change affects the production and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Ghana. The study analyzed and compared the economic value of smallholder fish farms with and without the incidence of climatic parameters. Methods: Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study area and farms. A total of 30 farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire-based interview. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms’ production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed. Results: Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture value from GH¢ 83,000 to GH¢ 120,000 reducing fish supply by 25%. The findings indicate that the profitability, economic value, and livelihoods of the small-scale aquaculture industry is greatly affected by changes in climate. The incidence of floods, drought, erratic rainfall, erosion, and extreme temperature synergistically induce poverty. The implication on the livelihoods of fish farming households is very alarming and poses a serious threat to food security in the country. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that; floods, rainfall temperature, and drought are the major climatic factors affecting the profitability and sustainability of the pond aquaculture industry. The preliminary recommendation is that there is an urgent need to map out flood-free zones close to perennial water bodies to overcome floods and droughts. Planting trees around ponds to create a micro-ecologies ideal for fish culture and also the construction of water storage facilities and proper dyke design would overcome drought and erosion issues. The adaptive capacity of fish-farmers must be built.

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Derkyi, Mercy, Samuel G. K. Adiku, Valerie Nelson, Benjamin Delali Dovie, Samuel Codjoe, and Esi Awuah. "Smallholder farmers’ perception of climatic and socio-economic factors influencing livelihoods in the transition zone of Ghana." AAS Open Research 1 (April 18, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12839.1.

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Background: The study analyzed smallholder farmers’ perception with regards to climatic and socio-economic changes influencing their agriculture livelihoods and coping strategies thereof in the transition zone of Ghana. Methods: We used semi-structured questionnaires for household survey involving 59 households and focus group discussions (n=60) for data collection in three communities. Results: Farming systems are influenced by high and extreme temperatures, delayed onsets of rain, short raining season as well as unpredictable raining seasons. Similarly, socioeconomic factors affecting the communities and their households’ livelihood included i) bad road network; ii) high prices of farm inputs; iii) prevalent crop pests and diseases and iv) absence of irrigation facilities. It was ascertained that though most farmers have not made conscious efforts to adapt strategies in their farming system to climate change and the social stressors, as expressed in ‘doing nothing or bearing losses’ and we are at the ‘mercy’ of the weather, there are hidden resilience mechanisms that can be harnessed to strengthen their adaptation capabilities. Women in the study area have adapted to the changes in the weather and safeguarded against post-harvest loss of cassava more effectively as compared to their male counterparts. Similarly, the prevailing group farming and maintenance structure (locally known as ‘Noboa’) strengthen the shared responsibility and reciprocity among migrant’ farmers. Conclusions: Though these agrarian communities have some coping strategies to overcome some climatic and socioeconomic challenges, their general adaptive capacity in terms of physical, financial and human assets are limited. This, therefore, calls for the capacity building of both men and women on best farming practices, adaptation strategies and piloting of irrigation systems to enhance their major livelihood but these must be complemented with good road network for ease of access to the market centres.

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Abalo, Emmanuel Mawuli, Prince Peprah, Divine Odame Appiah, Belinda Serkyiwah Asante Sarpong, Godfred Amankwaa, and Yagah Nakoja. "Perceived synergy between deforestation and/or forest degradation and climate variability and change in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Ghana." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2017-0019.

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AbstractPerceptual studies on the environment and natural resources are important, if unsustainable use of these resources is to be abated. This paper unravels the hitherto unknown drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation, and the causes of climate variability and change (CVC), by assessing their synergy based on participants self-reported cases in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Ashanti Region, Ghana. Drawing on the criterion and simple random sampling techniques to sample 360 respondents from 4 different communities and adopting the empiricist paradigm to derive trends and patterns in responses, this study demonstrated the bi-directional association between forest degradation and climate change. Results suggested that participants across the various socio-economic status fields were adequately informed, and knowledgeable about changes in climatic variables. Participants’ perceived the loss of forest, extinction of tree species and changing forest to savanna lands as indications of deforestation. Respondents with basic education and/or high school education adequately predicted that CVC factors influence decisions regarding forest removal compared with the uneducated. Removing one hectare of vegetation cover change per year (being it an increase or decrease in the area) (1 ha/year+/-/) or about three hectares (3 ha/year+/-), at a rate of 60%, and forest cover at rates of 57% were perceived as significant drivers of CVC. In recommendation, policies targeted at reducing forest degradation and deforestation and contributing to the fight against CVC in the Municipality should henceforth take into consideration the opinions of the indigenes in addition to scientific evidence in order to ensure the effectiveness of such policies.

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Forkuor, Gerald, Tobias Ullmann, and Mario Griesbeck. "Mapping and Monitoring Small-Scale Mining Activities in Ghana using Sentinel-1 Time Series (2015–2019)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060911.

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Illegal small-scale mining (galamsey) in South-Western Ghana has grown tremendously in the last decade and caused significant environmental degradation. Excessive cloud cover in the area has limited the use of optical remote sensing data to map and monitor the extent of these activities. This study investigated the use of annual time-series Sentinel-1 data to map and monitor illegal mining activities along major rivers in South-Western Ghana between 2015 and 2019. A change detection approach, based on three time-series features—minimum, mean, maximum—was used to compute a backscatter threshold value suitable to identify/detect mining-induced land cover changes in the study area. Compared to the mean and maximum, the minimum time-series feature (in both VH and VV polarization) was found to be more sensitive to changes in backscattering within the period of investigation. Our approach permitted the detection of new illegal mining areas on an annual basis. A backscatter threshold value of +1.65 dB was found suitable for detecting illegal mining activities in the study area. Application of this threshold revealed illegal mining area extents of 102 km2, 60 km2 and 33 km2 for periods 2015/2016–2016/2017, 2016/2017–2017/2018 and 2017/2018–2018/2019, respectively. The observed decreasing trend in new illegal mining areas suggests that efforts at stopping illegal mining yielded positive results in the period investigated. Despite the advantages of Synthetic Aperture Radar data in monitoring phenomena in cloud-prone areas, our analysis revealed that about 25% of the Sentinel-1 data, mostly acquired in March and October (beginning and end of rainy season respectively), were unusable due to atmospheric effects from high intensity rainfall events. Further investigation in other geographies and climatic regions is needed to ascertain the susceptibility of Sentinel-1 data to atmospheric conditions.

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Morzadec-Kerfourn, Marie Thérèse. "Kystes de dinoflagellés et changements climatiques en zone littorale de Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana à la transition Pléistocène-Holocène / Dinoflagellate cysts and climatic changes in the coastal zone of the Ivory Coast-Ghana at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition." Quaternaire 12, no. 4 (2001): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.2001.1694.

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File, Dramani J. M., and Emmanuel Kanchebe Derbile. "Sunshine, temperature and wind." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2019-0023.

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Purpose This paper aims to draw on community risk assessment (CRA) for assessing vulnerability to climate change in north-western Ghana, focusing on sunshine, temperature and wind, elements of climate which are seldom explored in vulnerability assessments to climate change. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on data collected from a qualitative research design that used participatory rural appraisal methods, particularly, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and seasonal calendar analysis in three selected rural communities of the Sissala East District. Furthermore, an inter-generational framework was adopted for comparative assessment of vulnerability and changes in vulnerability to climate change. Findings The results show that the current generation of smallholder farmers is more vulnerable to climate change than the past generation, the era of grandparents. Thus, farmers are exposed to higher-intensity sunshine, temperature and wind in contemporary times than was the case in the past. Consequently, their livelihoods are affected the most by the damaging effects of these climatic hazards. The CRA process revealed the relevance of indigenous knowledge systems for vulnerability assessments and at the same time, underpins the need for adaptation of such knowledge if it is to sustain smallholder farmer efforts at climate change adaptation at community levels. Practical implications The paper recommends an endogenous development approach to climate change adaptation planning (CCAP), one that will build on indigenous knowledge systems for effective community education, mobilization and participatory response to climate change. Policy interventions should aim at enhancing climate change adaptation through innovations in soil and water conservation, access to water for irrigation and domestic use, climate smart-housing architecture and agro-forestry within the framework of decentralization and district development planning. Originality/value This paper will contribute to climate change research in two ways: first, by drawing attention to the usefulness of CRA in vulnerability assessment; and second, by focusing on climate elements which are critical for CCAP but rarely given sufficient attention in vulnerability assessments.

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Ofori, Benjamin D., Jesse S. Ayivor, Opoku Pabi, and Christopher Gordon. "Agroecological Niches as Ecosystem-Based Adaptive Option to Environmental Change in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zone of Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 9 (November 29, 2015): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v8n9p281.

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<p>Generally, local farmers are able to adapt to environmental change (and developments in socio-economic conditions) by engaging in a range of creative practices of on-farm management, use of improved crop varieties and adoption of new technologies. However in the past few decades, there has been growing interest in other adaptive options with the potential of addressing household food security and the multiple dimensions of sustainable agriculture. This study therefore examined the use of niche environments in the agricultural landscape as ecosystem-based adaptive strategy to environmental change among 102 farmers of 9 fringe communities of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve of the forest-savanna transition zone in Ghana. The study noted the increasing shift from maize cultivation to rice production using marshy areas and low-lying parts of farm fields and farms. The farmers mentioned climatic, ecological and other socio-economic reasons for this trend. They cited growing insecurity associated with maize production due to changing rainfall pattern and reduction in rainfall amounts, and changes in land cover and soil conditions. Additionally, they emphasized the relative ease with which they are able to store rice and the willingness of padi buyers to visit the villages in spite of the poor nature of the roads. The study advocated for greater institutional support to boost local rice production in order to reduce the country’s heavy dependence on imports.</p>

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Barimah, Prince Twum. "Impact of climate change on maize production in Ghana. A review." Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2014): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2014.030402.

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Takeuchi, Kazuhiko, and Edwin Akonno Gyasi. "Special Issue on Enhancing Resilience to Climate and Ecosystem Changes in Semi-Arid Africa." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0411.

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In 2011, a collaborative project focused on climate and ecosystem change adaptation and resilience studies in Africa (CECAR-Africa) with Ghana as the focal country, was initiated. The goal was to combine climate change and ecosystem change research, and to use that combination as a basis for building an integrated resilience enhancement strategy as a potential model for semi-arid regions across Sub-Saharan Africa. The Project is being financially supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), a collaborative programme of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). CECAR-Africa involves the following leading climate and ecosystems research organizations in Ghana and Japan: The University of Tokyo; Kyoto University; United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS); University of Ghana; Ghana Meteorological Agency; University for Development Studies; and United Nations University Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNUINRA). CECAR-Africa has been operating fully since 2012, with a focus on three thematic areas, namely: Forecast and assessment of climate change impact on agro-ecosystems (Agro-ecosystem resilience); Risk assessment of extreme weather hazards and development of adaptive resource management methods (Engineering resilience); and Implementing capacity development programs for local communities and professionals (social institutions-technical capacity development) using the assessment results derived from work on the first two themes. This special issue presents major outcomes of the Project so far. The articles featured used various techniques and methods such as field surveys, questionnaires, focal group discussions, land use and cover change analysis, and climate downscaled modelling to investigate the impacts of climate and ecosystem changes on river flows and agriculture, and to assess the local capacity for coping with floods, droughts and disasters, and for enhancing the resilience of farming communities. We are happy to be able to publish this special issue just in time for an international conference on CECAR-Africa in Tamale, Ghana, on 6-7 August, 2014. It is hoped that the shared research outcomes will facilitate discussions on the project research themes and interactions and exchange of ideas among academics, professionals, and government officials on the way forward for the CECARAfrica Project. We find it only appropriate to conclude by thanking the authors and reviewers of the articles, and by acknowledging, with gratitude, the local knowledge and other bits and pieces of information contributed by the many anonymous farmers and other people of northern Ghana.

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Alhassan, Suhiyini I., John K. M. Kuwornu, and Yaw B. Osei-Asare. "Gender dimension of vulnerability to climate change and variability." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-10-2016-0156.

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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate farmers’ vulnerability to climate change and variability in the northern region of Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study assessed the vulnerability of male-headed and female-headed farming households to climate change and variability by using the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) and tested for significant difference in their vulnerability levels by applying independent two-sample-student’st-test based on gender by using a sample of 210 smallholder farming households.FindingsThe results revealed a significant difference in the vulnerability levels of female-headed and male-headed farming households. Female–headed households were more vulnerable to livelihood strategies, socio-demographic profile, social networks, water and food major components of the LVI, whereas male-headed households were more vulnerable to health. The vulnerability indices revealed that female–headed households were more sensitive to the impact of climate change and variability. However, female-headed households have the least adaptive capacities. In all, female-headed farming households are more vulnerable to climate change and variability than male-headed farming households.Research limitations/implicationsThe study recommends that female-headed households should be given priority in both on-going and new intervention projects in climate change and agriculture by empowering them through financial resource support to venture into other income-generating activities. This would enable them to diversify their sources of livelihoods to boost their resilience to climate change and variability.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examined the gender dimension of vulnerability of smallholder farmers in Ghana by using the livelihood vulnerability framework. Female subordination in northern region of Ghana has been profound to warrant a study on gender dimension in relation to climate change and variability, especially as it is a semi-arid region with unpredictable climatic conditions. This research revealed the comparative vulnerability of male- and female-headed households to climate change and variability.

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Fadairo, Olushola, Portia Adade Williams, and Faridah Sendagire Nalwanga. "Perceived livelihood impacts and adaptation of vegetable farmers to climate variability and change in selected sites from Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria." Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, no. 7 (November 13, 2019): 6831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00514-1.

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Abstract In the wake of deepened situations of changing climate, a clear understanding of the perceived impacts and adaptation of climate variability and change on livelihoods of vegetable farmers in Western and Eastern Africa, which is not readily available, is critical for sustainable vegetable production in Africa. Development planning for climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment was utilised in the study. Using multi-stage sampling procedure, 193 vegetable farmers in selected sites prominent for vegetable production from Uganda, Ghana and Nigeria were used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and linear regression at α0.05. Awareness of climate variability and change was high among most respondents from the three countries, but highest among respondents from Uganda (78.3%). Awareness was highest for long dry spell ($$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 1.90) and drought ($$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 1.81) and lowest for harmful gas emissions ($$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 0.76). Changes in climate variability and trends were perceived to be highest in terms of flood volume/damage caused by flood to farmlands in Nigeria ($$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 3.85) and Uganda ($$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 5.0), but in terms of increased temperature for Ghana ($$\bar{x}$$ x ¯ = 4.93). Impact of climate-related changes on vegetable farming was high in Ghana (98.3%) and Nigeria (46.6%) but low in Uganda (5.0%). Awareness (β = 0.14), perception (β = 0.15) use of adaptation strategies (β = 0.10) and household size (β = − 0.19) predicted change in perceived impact of climate variability among vegetable farmers. Vegetable farmers in Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda are affected differently by climate variability. Farmers in these countries also have different priorities for adaptation strategies. Locality-specific climate adaptation strategies would help ease farmers burden due to climate change.

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Partey, Samuel T., Angela D. Dakorah, Robert B. Zougmoré, Mathieu Ouédraogo, Mary Nyasimi, Gordon K. Nikoi, and Sophia Huyer. "Gender and climate risk management: evidence of climate information use in Ghana." Climatic Change 158, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2239-6.

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Frimpong, Kwasi, Eddie Van Etten, Jacques Oosthuzien, and Victor Nufam Fannam. "Review of Climate Change Adaptation and Social Protection Policies of Ghana." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2015100101.

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Smallholder farming has become a significant livelihood coping strategy of the population in Ghana. However, in the last decade the upsurge of climate change and the effect of heat stress vulnerability on smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana are alarming. This article investigates the chances of using social protection and climate change adaptation policies towards the management of risks associated with heat stress emanating from climate change. It reviews salient literature on heat stress, social protection, and climate change policies and develops a model upon which both domestic and international interest in climate and social protection policies of Ghana and Sub-Sahara Africa can reduce or aggravate heat stress impacts on smallholder farmers both at their working environment and at household level. It exemplifies the efficacy of the strength of social protection and climate change adaptation policies in Ghana and its impacts on vulnerable rural smallholder farmers and how such situation is replicated in many parts of Africa. It outlines further measures that can be undertaken by governments and international donor agencies to revamp the destitution of smallholder farmers to climate change and heat stress in African region.

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Russell, James, Michael R. Talbot, and Brian J. Haskell. "Mid-holocene climate change in Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana." Quaternary Research 60, no. 2 (September 2003): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00065-6.

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AbstractLake Bosumtwi is one of the most widely studied palaeoclimate archives in West Africa. Results from numerous AMS 14C dates of samples from four piston cores from Lake Bosumtwi show that an abrupt sedimentary transition from a mid-Holocene sapropel to calcareous laminated muds occurred at about 3200 cal yr B.P. High-resolution analyses of the nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter across this transition confirm its abrupt nature, and suggest that the change may signal a step toward increased aridity and intensified surface winds that affected western equatorial Africa from Ghana to the Congo basin. Northern and Eastern Africa experienced a similar abrupt shift toward aridity during the late Holocene, but at about 5000 cal yr B.P., a difference in timing that illustrates the regional nature of climate changes during the Holocene and the importance of feedback mechanisms in regulating Holocene climate variability. Furthermore, an abrupt change at about 3000 cal yr B.P. occurs at several sites adjacent to the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, which may hint at major changes in the surface temperatures of the tropical Atlantic and/or Pacific at this time.

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Antwi-Agyei, Philip, Lindsay C. Stringer, and Andrew J. Dougill. "Livelihood adaptations to climate variability: insights from farming households in Ghana." Regional Environmental Change 14, no. 4 (March 12, 2014): 1615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0597-9.

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Kusakari, Yasuko, Kwabena Owusu Asubonteng, Godfred Seidu Jasaw, Frederick Dayour, Togbiga Dzivenu, Victor Lolig, Samuel A. Donkoh, Francis Kwabena Obeng, Bizoola Gandaa, and Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic. "Farmer-Perceived Effects of Climate Change on Livelihoods in Wa West District, Upper West Region of Ghana." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0516.

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The effects of climate change on people’s livelihoods are perceived differently across various localities. It is imperative to examine how farmers understand the effects of climate change on their livelihoods. Their viewpoints can help create strategies for responding to climate and ecosystem changes in an appropriate and practical manner. Such perceptions are insufficiently understood in theWa West District of the Upper West Region of Ghana, despite the increasing frequency and magnitude of climate change’s effects. This paper first examines farmers’ perceptions about climate change in their communities in relation to available, conventional climate information. It also assesses farmers’ livelihood activities during both the wet and dry seasons in the district and discusses the area’s proneness to floods, droughts, and other types of climate change phenomena. This assessment reveals the challenges faced by the farmers in the study area and the opportunities to enhance their livelihoods.

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Codjoe, Samuel Nii Ardey, and George Owusu. "Climate change/variability and food systems: evidence from the Afram Plains, Ghana." Regional Environmental Change 11, no. 4 (March 19, 2011): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-011-0211-3.

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Tambo, Justice A., and Tobias Wünscher. "Enhancing resilience to climate shocks through farmer innovation: evidence from northern Ghana." Regional Environmental Change 17, no. 5 (February 6, 2017): 1505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1113-9.

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Baffour-Ata, Frank, Philip Antwi-Agyei, and Elias Nkiaka. "Climate Variability, Land Cover Changes and Livelihoods of Communities on the Fringes of Bobiri Forest Reserve, Ghana." Forests 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030278.

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Climate variability coupled with land use and land cover changes have resulted in significant changes in forest reserves in Ghana with major implications for rural livelihoods. Understanding the link between climate variability, land use and land cover changes and rural livelihoods is key for decision-making, especially regarding sustainable management of forest resources, monitoring of ecosystems and related livelihoods. The study determined the extent to which climate variability drives land cover changes in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana. Landsat images from 1986, 2003, 2010 and 2014 were used to evaluate land cover changes of the Bobiri forest reserve in Ghana. Participatory research approaches including household questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted in four fringe communities of the Bobiri forest reserve. Findings showed that local people perceived changes in rainfall and temperature patterns over the past years. Historical rainfall and temperature data for the study area showed increased variability in rainfall and an increasing temperature trend, which are consistent with the perception of the study respondents. Analysis of land cover satellite images showed that there has been significant transformation of closed forest to open forest and non-forest land cover types over the 28-year period (1986–2014), with an overall kappa statistic of 0.77. Between 2003 and 2014, closed forest decreased by 15.6% but settlement/bare ground and crop land increased marginally by 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews revealed that increased land cover changes in the Bobiri forest reserve could partly be attributed to erratic rainfall patterns. Other factors such as logging and population growth were reported to be factors driving land cover changes. The study concluded that the Bobiri forest reserve has witnessed significant land cover changes and recommended that alternative livelihood sources should be provided to reduce the direct dependency of fringe communities on the forest for livelihood and firewood.

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Gbangou, Talardia, Erik Van Slobbe, Fulco Ludwig, Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic, and Spyridon Paparrizos. "Harnessing Local Forecasting Knowledge on Weather and Climate in Ghana: Documentation, Skills, and Integration with Scientific Forecasting Knowledge." Weather, Climate, and Society 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0012.1.

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AbstractImproved weather and climate forecast information services are important to sustain small-scale crop production in many developing countries. Previous studies recognized the value of integrating local forecasting knowledge (LFK) with scientific forecasting knowledge (SFK) to support farmers’ decision-making. Yet, little work has focused on proper documentation, quality verification, and integration techniques. The skills of local and scientific forecasts were compared, and new integration approaches were derived over the coastal zone of Ghana. LFK indicators were documented, and farmers were trained to collect indicators’ observations and record rainfall in real time using digital tools and rain gauges, respectively, in 2019. Dichotomous forecasts verification metrics were then used to verify the skills of both local and scientific forecasts against rainfall records. Farmers use a diverse set of LKF indicators for both weather and seasonal climate time-scale predictions. LFK indicators are mainly used to predict rainfall occurrence, amount of seasonal rainfall, dry spell occurrence, and onset and cessation of the rainy season. The average skill of a set of LFK indicators in predicting one-day rainfall is higher than individual LFK indicators. Also, the skills of a set of LFK indicators can potentially be higher than the forecasts given by the Ghana Meteorological Agency for the Ada District. The results of the documentation and skills indicate that approaches and methods developed for integrating LFK and SFK can contribute to increasing forecast resolution and skills and reducing recurring tensions between the two knowledge systems. Future research and application of these methods can help improve weather and climate information services in Ghana.

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Armah, Frederick A., Justice O. Odoi, Genesis T. Yengoh, Samuel Obiri, David O. Yawson, and Ernest K. A. Afrifa. "Food security and climate change in drought-sensitive savanna zones of Ghana." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 16, no. 3 (September 4, 2010): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-010-9263-9.

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Lawson, Elaine Tweneboah. "Negotiating stakeholder participation in the Ghana national climate change policy." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2015-0041.

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Purpose Stakeholder consultation and participation are central to the climate change policymaking process. The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of stakeholder participation in the Ghana National Climate Change Policy. It examines the actors in the policy space and the negotiations and tradeoffs made during the policymaking process. Finally, it outlines the steps undertaken to make the process participatory and consultative. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative method has been used for this paper. The research design involves a review of relevant literature on Ghana’s climate change regime, meeting reports and key informant interviews. Findings The findings indicate that the processes the policy underwent had extensive stakeholder participation. An uptake of evidence was from existing impact and vulnerability assessments, the first and second communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), scientific and research documents and expert knowledge. Key actors were identified and involved right from the beginning of the policymaking process. Although stakeholder participation was time-consuming, expensive and elongated, the policy process was vital for buy-in and ownership. The results also identified the need to include more stakeholders at the sub-regional levels in policymaking. Originality/value The study is the first of its kind detailing stakeholder participation in the climate change policy process in Ghana. It forms a good basis for comparative studies with similar policies in other countries. Thus, this paper fills an identified gap of the need to document climate change policymaking processes.

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Ofoegbu, Chidiebere, and Mark New. "The role of farmers and organizational networks in climate information communication: the case of Ghana." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2020-0030.

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Purpose The nature of the collaborations that exists among the organizations in the climate change and agriculture sectors can influence the tailoring of climate forecasts into information useable for adapting agricultural practices to the risks posed by climate change. Also, the extent to which farmers are integrated into this organizational collaboration network can influence their access to climate information. This paper aims to examine how organizational collaborations in the process of climate information generation and dissemination acts as either barriers or enablers of farmers’ access to and use of climate information in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach This study used key informant interview and questionnaire survey to interview the organizations in the climate change and agriculture sectors. Using network analysis as an analytical framework, the authors estimated the networks’ core-periphery, density, reciprocity and degree centrality. Findings The authors observed that communication of climate information to farmers is mostly influenced by the collaborations between governmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations. Nevertheless, information flow and exchange through organizational collaboration network is having limited effect on improving farmers’ knowledge about climate risks, impacts and available risk response options. This is mostly because the feedback flow of information from farmers to national level organizations has not been effective in addressing localized climate/agro challenges. Originality/value This paper provides a critical overview of key issues in influencing the relevancy and usefulness of climate information in the Ghanaian agriculture sector. Insights gained and recommendations made are essential for deploying effective climate services in Ghana and can be relevant for many African countries because of similar socioeconomic contexts.

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Bunn, Christian, Peter Läderach, Amos Quaye, Sander Muilerman, Martin R. A. Noponen, and Mark Lundy. "Recommendation domains to scale out climate change adaptation in cocoa production in Ghana." Climate Services 16 (December 2019): 100123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2019.100123.

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Dauda, Abdul Manan, and Hui Gao. "Improving Sustainability of Housing in Ghana through Energy Efficient Climate Control Strategies." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1698.

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This paper aims at explaining testing procedures used to evaluate the potential of natural ventilation and daylighting applications to passive design of housing in Ghana. The objectives of research were to reduce energy costs and increase the sustainability of housing. From the results of these experiments actual and potential designs are illustrated and discussed. Mass housing results in multi-storey buildings which require substantial artificial lighting and ventilation. Also, with the increasing usage of glass for windows and doors in Ghana, even the shaded depths of buildings require additional daylight usually resulting in more energy consumption. By supplementing the internal lighting levels with daylight, reducing the internal heat load by shading windows to direct radiation and the utilization of natural ventilation over air conditioning where possible, significant energy savings are could be achieved. The research proposes mass housing design changes such as: delivering daylight above the suspended ceiling into the depths of the building by horizontal light pipes and natural ventilation, utilizing stack effect and wind siphonage, etc.

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Läderach, P., A. Martinez-Valle, G. Schroth, and N. Castro. "Predicting the future climatic suitability for cocoa farming of the world’s leading producer countries, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire." Climatic Change 119, no. 3-4 (May 23, 2013): 841–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0774-8.

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Antwi-Agyei, Philip, and Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong. "Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031308.

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Evidence on how coping practices for immediate climate variations can transform into long-term adaptive capacity are relatively limited. This study addressed this gap by identifying the coping practices for short-term climate variations and the adaptation measures used by smallholder farmers to address future climate change in northeast Ghana. The paper used a mixed-methods approach, including household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data were collected from 555 households located in six communities across three districts in northeast Ghana. Results indicated that smallholder farmers were employing a host of practices to address the threats posed by climate change. Key adaptation practices included the planting of drought-tolerant crop varieties, the use of indigenous knowledge, intensification of irrigation, migration, adjusting the planting calendar, crop diversification, mixed farming, and sustainable land management practices. On the contrary, short-term coping practices reported by the study participants included the sale of non-farm assets, complementing agriculture with non-farm jobs, selling livestock, engaging in wage labor, charcoal burning and reliance on social networks. The results further revealed that barriers to climate change adaptation and coping practices differed by gender. The paper recommends that capacities of smallholder farmers in vulnerability hotspots should be enhanced to address immediate climate variations, as well as future climate changes. Ghana’s climate change and agricultural policies should prioritize adaptations by smallholder farmers in addressing threats posed by climate change.

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Blackie, Seth. "A Review of the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Sheep and Goats in Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 4 (March 15, 2014): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p109.

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In this paper, the gastrointestinal nematode parasites infecting small ruminants (sheep and goats) in Ghana and the epidemiological factors influencing their prevalence are reviewed and discussed. Twelve nematode species belonging to six families have been reported to infect these livestock in the country with Haemonchus contortus being the most prevalent helminth parasite in both animals. Parasitic gastroenteritis is caused by mixed infection of several nematode species. Management /husbandry practices, climate and host influence are found to be the main factors that affect gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep and goats. Seasonal changes in the level of infective strongylate nematode larvae on pasture in the different agro-ecological zones of Ghana are reviewed. The number of infective larvae on pasture is reported to be directly related to the pattern of rainfall. Consequently, rainfall could be relied on to predict the rate of transmission of infection in grazing animals. Finally, the relevance of epidemiological knowledge in the development of efficient measures for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep and goats in Ghana is discussed.

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Tan, Z., L. L. Tieszen, E. Tachie-Obeng, S. Liu, and A. M. Dieye. "Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: land use, management, and climate." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (June 2, 2008): 2343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-2343-2008.

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Abstract. We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the last century resulted in a substantial reduction in ecosystem carbon (C) stock from 135.4 Mg C ha−1 in 1900 to 77.0 Mg C ha−1 in 2000, and in soil organic C stock within the top 20 cm of soil from 26.6 Mg C ha−1 to 21.2 Mg C ha−1. If no land use change takes place from 2000 through 2100, low and high climate change scenarios (increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over time) will result in losses of soil organic C stock by 19% and 25%, respectively. A low nitrogen (N) fertilization rate is the principal constraint on current crop production. An increase in N fertilization under the low climate change scenario would increase crop yield by 14% with 30 kg N ha−1 and by 38% with 60 kg N ha−1, leading to an increase in the average soil C stock by 12% and 29%, respectively, in all cropland by 2100. The results suggest that the climate changes in the future from current climate conditions will not necessarily become a determinant control on ecosystem C fluxes and crop production, while a reasonable N fertilization rate is critical to achieve food security and agricultural sustainability in the study area through the 21st century, and current cropping systems could be optimized to make full use of the rainfall resource.

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Ameyaw, Lord, Gregory Ettl, Kristy Leissle, and Gilbert Anim-Kwapong. "Cocoa and Climate Change: Insights from Smallholder Cocoa Producers in Ghana Regarding Challenges in Implementing Climate Change Mitigation Strategies." Forests 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120742.

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This study investigates the knowledge and perception of smallholder cocoa farmers on the potential impacts of climate change on cocoa production in Ghana. It addresses opinions on the inclusion of climate change mitigation strategies (such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation—REDD+) into cocoa production, and potential obstacles and roles of stakeholders in ensuring community acceptance of such strategies in a unique multiple land use area—the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve. Data from the Ghana Meteorological Agency and through survey of 205 cocoa farmers were assessed with Mann-Kendall, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Farmers’ perceptions of changes in climate were notably diverse and did not always match historic weather data, but accurately described increases in temperature and drought which are linked to cocoa productivity. Farmers appreciate the importance of tree maintenance for ecosystem services but were skeptical of financially rewarding climate change strategies which favor tree protection. Cultural practices associated with cocoa production encourage carbon release and may pose a threat to the objectives of REDD+. Farmers’ experience on the land, interactions with other farmers, government extension agents and cocoa buyers all influence cocoa agroforestry practices in the area, and communication through existing entities (particularly extension agents) presents a pathway to community acceptance of climate change mitigation strategies. The study recommends reforms in REDD+ strategies to adopt flexible and participatory frameworks to facilitate adoption and acceptability due to pronounced heterogeneity in community perceptions and knowledge of climate change and related issues.

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Yaro, Joseph Awetori. "The perception of and adaptation to climate variability/change in Ghana by small-scale and commercial farmers." Regional Environmental Change 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2013): 1259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0443-5.

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Dickinson, Katherine L., Andrew J. Monaghan, Isaac J. Rivera, Leiqiu Hu, Ernest Kanyomse, Rex Alirigia, James Adoctor, Rachael E. Kaspar, Abraham Rexford Oduro, and Christine Wiedinmyer. "Changing weather and climate in Northern Ghana: comparison of local perceptions with meteorological and land cover data." Regional Environmental Change 17, no. 3 (December 26, 2016): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1082-4.

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Yamoah, Fred A., James S. Kaba, Joseph Amankwah-Amoah, and Adolf Acquaye. "Stakeholder Collaboration in Climate-Smart Agricultural Production Innovations: Insights from the Cocoa Industry in Ghana." Environmental Management 66, no. 4 (July 7, 2020): 600–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01327-z.

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Kalame, Fobissie B., Johnson Nkem, Monica Idinoba, and Markku Kanninen. "Matching national forest policies and management practices for climate change adaptation in Burkina Faso and Ghana." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 14, no. 2 (October 10, 2008): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-008-9155-4.

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Nyadzi, Emmanuel, E. Saskia Werners, Robbert Biesbroek, Phi Hoang Long, Wietse Franssen, and Fulco Ludwig. "Verification of Seasonal Climate Forecast toward Hydroclimatic Information Needs of Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0137.1.

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Abstract Farmers in sub-Saharan Africa face many difficulties when making farming decisions due to unexpected changes in weather and climate. Access to hydroclimatic information can potentially assist farmers to adapt. This study explores the extent to which seasonal climate forecasts can meet hydroclimatic information needs of rice farmers in northern Ghana. First, 62 rice farmers across 12 communities were interviewed about their information needs. Results showed that importance of hydroclimatic information depends on the frequency of use and farming type (rain-fed, irrigated, or both). Generally, farmers perceived rainfall distribution, dam water level, and temperature as very important information, followed by total rainfall amount and onset ranked as important. These findings informed our skills assessment of rainfall (Prcp), minimum temperature (Tmin), and maximum temperature (Tmax) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF-S4) and at lead times of 0 to 2 months. Forecast bias, correlation, and skills for all variables vary with season and location but are generally unsystematic and relatively constant with forecast lead time. Making it possible to meet farmers’ needs at their most preferred lead time of 1 month before the farming season. ECMWF-S4 exhibited skill in Prcp, Tmin, and Tmax in northern Ghana except for a few grid cells in MAM for Prcp and SON for Tmin and Tmax. Tmin and Tmax forecasts were more skillful than Prcp. We conclude that the participatory coproduction approach used in this study provides better insight for understanding demand-driven climate information services and that the ECMWF-S4 seasonal forecast system has the potential to provide actionable hydroclimatic information that may support farmers’ decisions.

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Nyatuame, M., V. Owusu-Gyimah, and F. Ampiaw. "Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Trend for Volta Region in Ghana." International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 2014 (October 19, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/203245.

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Climate change is global in nature, but potential changes are not expected to be globally uniform; rather, there may be dramatic regional differences. Considerable effort should be invested to understand climate change at the regional level. The study was conducted to establish the rainfall trends in Volta Region and also to provide the evidence of climate change by analyzing available rainfall record for 30-year period of 1981 to 2011. Records of monthly and yearly rainfall were obtained from the headquarters of Ghana Meteorological Department, Accra, for analysis. The region was grouped into three zones characteristic of the whole country, namely, coastal zone, middle zone, and northern zone, respectively. Graphs were constructed to illustrate the changing trends within the months and years of the zones. Statistical analysis (i.e., LSD, ANOVA) was performed to assess any significant difference among the three zones and within the months and years under study. Significant differences were observed among the three zones. Northern zone recorded the highest precipitation followed by the middle zone and lastly the coastal zone. However the rainfall trends within the aforementioned zones were oscillatory. The highest annual mean rainfall was 202.6 mm and the lowest was 29.9 mm. Linear regression analysis revealed upward and downward trend in the data in some months and years in the mentioned zones but statistically insignificant.

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Aidoo, Kenneth, Nana Ama Browne Klutse, Kofi Asare, Comfort Gyasiwaa Botchway, and Samuel Fosuhene. "Mapping Evapotranspiration of Agricultural Areas in Ghana." Scientific World Journal 2021 (April 17, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8878631.

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Climate change is having an adverse effect on the environment especially in sub-Sahara Africa, where capacity for natural resource management such as water is very low. The scope of the effect on land use types have to be estimated to inform proper remedy. A combined estimation of transpiration and evaporation from plants and soil is critical to determine annual water requirement for different land use. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component in the world hydrological cycle, and understanding its spatial dimensions is critical in evaluating the effects it has on regional land use. A measure of this component is challenging due to variation in rainfall and environmental changes. The mapping evapotranspiration with high resolution and internalized calibration (METRIC) method is employed to create evapotranspiration map for land use, using remotely sensed data by satellite, processed, and analyzed in ArcGIS. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was related to the availability of water for vegetation on different land use, and the results indicate a high evapotranspiration for vegetated land use with high NDVI than land use with low NDVI.

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Naab, Francis Z., Zaid Abubakari, and Abubakari Ahmed. "The role of climate services in agricultural productivity in Ghana: The perspectives of farmers and institutions." Climate Services 13 (January 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2019.01.007.

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Antwi-Agyei, Philip, Andrew J. Dougill, John Doku-Marfo, and Robert C. Abaidoo. "Understanding climate services for enhancing resilient agricultural systems in Anglophone West Africa: The case of Ghana." Climate Services 22 (April 2021): 100218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2021.100218.

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Rasmussen, Julie Fogt, Esbern Friis-Hansen, and Mikkel Funder. "Collaboration between meso-level institutions and communities to facilitate climate change adaptation in Ghana." Climate and Development 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2018): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1442797.

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AMPOFO, Steve, Boateng AMPADU, Nangue Biyogue DOUTI, and Michael Mba KUSIBU. "Modeling soil water balance of an agricultural watershed in the Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological Zone; a case of the Tono irrigation dam watershed." Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 7, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/223.967x.

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Water is the most significant of all the requirements for plant growth and development. Its availability or scarcity in the soil can denote a successful harvest, reduction in yield, or complete failure. Though Tono is a small community in the Kassena Nankana East Municipality in Upper East Region of Ghana, farmers in the area contribute significantly to the availability of food products in neighboring communities, and even in some parts of southern Ghana. However, changing climate and landscape dynamics are perceived to be the primary cause of decreasing water availability and responsible for the dwindling farming fortunes. The study therefore investigated the changes to soil water balance occurring within the Tono dam watershed, as well as changes to the landuse/landcover (LULC) of the area and its impacts on crop production using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The LULC continues to change through anthropogenic activities thereby causing variations in the hydrological cycle over time. A 30-year period from 1984 to 2014 was used as the simulation period to run the model. Two (2) LULC maps and change scenarios for 1984 through to 2014 were assessed. The results revealed a relationship between landcover and the response to hydrology, in that, a decrease in landcover causes a decrease in surface water, soil moisture, and a corresponding infinitesimal decrease in evapotranspiration. The results showed a 17.6%, 9.6%, and 1.6% decrease in rainfall, soil moisture and evapotranspiration, respectively. The results showed the ability of the SWAT model to reveal spatio-temporal variation of the change in the landscape and the associated changes arising from climate change having significant effects on the Tono catchment.

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Atindana, Sandra Akugpoka, Patrick Kwabena Ofori-Danson, and Sandra Brucet. "Modelling the effects of climate change on shellfish production in marine artisanal fisheries of Ghana." AAS Open Research 2 (May 22, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12956.1.

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Background: Ghana’s marine artisanal fisheries, particularly the small pelagic fisheries, are in a state of crisis. The decline in the number of small pelagic fish are attributable to overfishing, climate variability and unsustainable fishing methods. Similarly, in the wake of climate change, shellfishes (particularly oysters, scallops and mussels) are highly vulnerable. Methods: A total of 55 years’ worth of data from Ghana’s marine artisanal fisheries were studied in relation to climate indices. The primary objective was to develop a simple linear regression model for predicting shellfish catch in Ghana. Key informant interviews were employed in soliciting data on changes in climate along the coastline and trends in marine artisanal shell fish catch. Results: The predictor variable that significantly explained shellfish production was temperature. Hence, the model is a valuable tool to predict future trends in the shellfish catch in marine artisanal fisheries. Conclusions: Increases in sea surface temperature will adversely affect shellfish production. It is therefore important that the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development and other stakeholders should, in their decision-making processes, ensure the formulation of climate smart policies and management strategies for sustainable use of the resource.

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Obuobie, Emmanuel, Kwabena Kankam-Yeboah, Barnabas Amisigo, Yaw Opoku-Ankomah, and Deborah Ofori. "Assessment of vulnerability of river basins in Ghana to water stress conditions under climate change." Journal of Water and Climate Change 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2012.030.

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The Falkenmark indicator was used to assess vulnerability of the White Volta (106,000 km2) and Pra (20,023 km2) river basins in Ghana to water stress under climate change for the periods 2006–2035 (representing the 2020s) and 2036–2065 (2050s). The indicator is a commonly used measure of water stress and defines thresholds of 1,700, 1,000 and 500 m3/capita/annum as water stress, water scarcity and absolute scarcity, respectively. Downscaled data from ensemble averages of two global climate models, ECHAM4 and CSIRO, were used to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for estimation of basin surface water resources under climate change. The simulated water resources in the two basins showed significant reduction of 22% for 2020. Further reductions were estimated for 2050 (50% and 46% for the White Volta and Pra, respectively). Without climate change, the White Volta basin will attain water stress and water scarcity by 2020 and 2050, respectively; the Pra is already water stressed and expected to worsen to water scarcity by 2020 and absolute scarcity by 2050. Climate change will aggravate the conditions in both basins. Implementation of integrated water resources management and population control measures are recommended for sustainable use and management of water resources in both basins.

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Mattah, Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe, Godfred Futagbi, and Memuna Mawusi Mattah. "Awareness of Environmental Change, Climate Variability, and Their Role in Prevalence of Mosquitoes among Urban Dwellers in Southern Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5342624.

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This study evaluates the extent to which urban residents of Accra and Sekondi-Takoradi (all of southern Ghana) were aware of environment and climate-related variability. A total of 150 questionnaires were given to adults of 40 years and above who lived in the cities for at least 35 years. SPSS version 16 was used to process the data. Results show that all respondents in Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA) and 96% of them in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Area (STMA) noted the deteriorating vegetation cover over the cities. Similarly, 93% and 83% of them in AMA and STMA, respectively, observed that land use pattern of the two cities has changed considerably. There was positive and statistically significant correlation between respondents’ educational attainment and their awareness of changes in land use/land cover (r=0.18, n=140, p=0.03). Also, 71% in AMA and 89% in STMA stated that temperature of the cities had been increasing over the years. In all, 82.9% of the respondents mentioned that they had problem with the increasing population of mosquitoes. Respondents demonstrated ample knowledge of environment and climate variability and should be engaged in preventing further environmental degradation. The top-down approach to environmental issues has failed; the bottom-up approach to environmental maintenance is needed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Climatic changes – Ghana'

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