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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Climatic changes – Greenland

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Academic literature on the topic 'Climatic changes – Greenland'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Climatic changes – Greenland"

1

Weidick, A. "A change in the status of the Greenland Inland Ice." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 152 (January 1, 1991): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v152.8152.

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Observations on the status of the Greenland ice cover are registered at the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) on a routine basis. During the past two decades studies have been particularly related to technical activities such as hydro-electric power, but more recently there has been increasing interest in the significance of glacier variations as indicators of climatic change. However, whereas local glacier variations are usually related to climatic changes on the time scale of a few decades or centuries, documented changes in the status of the margins of the Inland Ice in the literature are mainly related to long term climatic fluctuations on the time scale of thousands of years or more.

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2

Braithwaite, Roger J., and Henrik Højmark Thomsen. "Simulation of Run-Off from the Greenland Ice Sheet for Planning Hydro-Electric Power, Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, West Greenland." Annals of Glaciology 13 (1989): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500007540.

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Simulations of run-off from the Greenland ice sheet were made as part of a feasibility study for provision of hydroelectric power for Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, West Greenland. The aims were to see if the available short series of run-off measurements are typical of those under present climatic conditions, and to assess possible changes in run-off likely to be caused by gross changes in drainage pattern on the ice sheet. Specific run-off was calculated from climatological data, whilst run-off volumes were calculated by integrating specific run-off over the area of the ice sheet. There have been substantial year-to-year variations in run-off, but the 6 year measurement period is reasonably representative of present climatic conditions. Run-off could be reduced by 21% as a result of changes in hydraulic conditions on the ice sheet without this having a significant effect on the economy of the planned hydro-electric power station.

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Braithwaite, Roger J., and Henrik Højmark Thomsen. "Simulation of Run-Off from the Greenland Ice Sheet for Planning Hydro-Electric Power, Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, West Greenland." Annals of Glaciology 13 (1989): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500007540.

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Simulations of run-off from the Greenland ice sheet were made as part of a feasibility study for provision of hydroelectric power for Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, West Greenland. The aims were to see if the available short series of run-off measurements are typical of those under present climatic conditions, and to assess possible changes in run-off likely to be caused by gross changes in drainage pattern on the ice sheet. Specific run-off was calculated from climatological data, whilst run-off volumes were calculated by integrating specific run-off over the area of the ice sheet. There have been substantial year-to-year variations in run-off, but the 6 year measurement period is reasonably representative of present climatic conditions. Run-off could be reduced by 21% as a result of changes in hydraulic conditions on the ice sheet without this having a significant effect on the economy of the planned hydro-electric power station.

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Adolphi, Florian, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Tobias Erhardt, et al. "Connecting the Greenland ice-core and U∕Th timescales via cosmogenic radionuclides: testing the synchroneity of Dansgaard–Oeschger events." Climate of the Past 14, no. 11 (2018): 1755–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1755-2018.

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Abstract. During the last glacial period Northern Hemisphere climate was characterized by extreme and abrupt climate changes, so-called Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events. Most clearly observed as temperature changes in Greenland ice-core records, their climatic imprint was geographically widespread. However, the temporal relation between DO events in Greenland and other regions is uncertain due to the chronological uncertainties of each archive, limiting our ability to test hypotheses of synchronous change. In contrast, the assumption of direct synchrony of climate changes forms the basis of many timescales. Here, we use cosmogenic radionuclides (10Be, 36Cl, 14C) to link Greenland ice-core records to U∕Th-dated speleothems, quantify offsets between the two timescales, and improve their absolute dating back to 45 000 years ago. This approach allows us to test the assumption that DO events occurred synchronously between Greenland ice-core and tropical speleothem records with unprecedented precision. We find that the onset of DO events occurs within synchronization uncertainties in all investigated records. Importantly, we demonstrate that local discrepancies remain in the temporal development of rapid climate change for specific events and speleothems. These may either be related to the location of proxy records relative to the shifting atmospheric fronts or to underestimated U∕Th dating uncertainties. Our study thus highlights the potential for misleading interpretations of the Earth system when applying the common practice of climate wiggle matching.

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Masson-Delmotte, V., A. Landais, M. Stievenard, et al. "Holocene climatic changes in Greenland: Different deuterium excess signals at Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and NorthGRIP." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 110, no. D14 (2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005575.

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Cuffey, K. M. "Interannual variability of elevation on the Greenland ice sheet: effects of firn densification, and establishment of a multi-century benchmark." Journal of Glaciology 47, no. 158 (2001): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756501781832151.

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AbstractIn order to interpret measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation changes in terms of climatic or dynamic trends, it is necessary to establish the range of stochastic variability of elevation changes resulting from interannual fluctuations of accumulation rate and firn density. The analyses presented here are intended to facilitate such interpretations by defining benchmarks that characterize elevation-change variability in central Greenland, in the current climate and over the past millennium. We use a time- dependent firn-densification model coupled to an ice- and heat-flow model, forced by annual accumulation rate and temperature reconstructions from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project II (GISP2) ice core, to examine the elevation changes resulting from this climatic forcing. From these results, effective firn densities are calculated. These are factors that convert water-equivalent accumulation-rate variability to surface elevation variability. A current-climate benchmark is defined by applying this conversion to Van der Veen and Bolzan’s water-equivalent statistics, and to a 50 year accumulation variability estimate from the GISP2 core. Elevation-change statistics are compiled for the past millennium to define longer-term benchmarks, which show that multi-century variability has been substantially larger than current variability estimated by Van der Veen and Bolzan. It is estimated here that the standard deviation of net elevation change over 5 and 10 year intervals has been 0.27 and 0.38 m, respectively. An approximate method for applying these quantitative results to other dry-snow sites in Greenland is suggested.

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Lynnerup, Niels, and Søren Nørby. "The Greenland Norse: bones, graves, computers, and DNA." Polar Record 40, no. 2 (2004): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247402002875.

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The remains of the Greenland Norse provide unique biological anthropological material for the investigation of human and environmental interaction. As a population, they were generally secluded from most of the contemporary European medieval society, and land suitable for their way of life was limited in Greenland. The archaeological and historical record is excellent, clearly establishing the 500-year period of colonisation. In other words, the Greenland Norse represent a relatively isolated population, constrained in both space and time.Living in an environment with very little buffering capacity, ecological changes immediately had repercussions. Ten years of research have shown a direct climatic impact on the humans as well as changing subsistence patterns. It seems that the Norse in Greenland responded to these changes, although inside ‘cultural’ limits. Demographic modelling indicates that emigration may have accounted for the final abandonment of the settlements. A changing ecology thus seems to have pushed the Greenland Norse out of Greenland, because their sedentary way of life, relying on animal husbandry, and probably with a strong cultural sense of identity focused on farmsteads and domestication, became unsustainable. A further step will be clarifying the genetic history of the Norse as well as of the Thule Culture Inuit. These analyses have commenced by examining mtDNA variation and Y-chromosomal diversity among present-day Greenlandic Inuit, and preliminary results appear to provide some information as to the fate of the Norse people.

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Landais, Amaëlle, Emilie Capron, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, et al. "Ice core evidence for decoupling between midlatitude atmospheric water cycle and Greenland temperature during the last deglaciation." Climate of the Past 14, no. 10 (2018): 1405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1405-2018.

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Abstract. The last deglaciation represents the most recent example of natural global warming associated with large-scale climate changes. In addition to the long-term global temperature increase, the last deglaciation onset is punctuated by a sequence of abrupt changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Such interplay between orbital- and millennial-scale variability is widely documented in paleoclimatic records but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Limitations arise from the difficulty in constraining the sequence of events between external forcing, high- and low- latitude climate, and environmental changes. Greenland ice cores provide sub-decadal-scale records across the last deglaciation and contain fingerprints of climate variations occurring in different regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we combine new ice d-excess and 17O-excess records, tracing changes in the midlatitudes, with ice δ18O records of polar climate. Within Heinrich Stadial 1, we demonstrate a decoupling between climatic conditions in Greenland and those of the lower latitudes. While Greenland temperature remains mostly stable from 17.5 to 14.7 ka, significant change in the midlatitudes of the northern Atlantic takes place at ∼16.2 ka, associated with warmer and wetter conditions of Greenland moisture sources. We show that this climate modification is coincident with abrupt changes in atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations recorded in an Antarctic ice core. Our coherent ice core chronological framework and comparison with other paleoclimate records suggests a mechanism involving two-step freshwater fluxes in the North Atlantic associated with a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

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Larsen, Eiliv, Hans Petter Sejrup, Sigfus J. Johnsen, and Karen Luise Knudsen. "Do Greenland Ice Cores Reflect NW European Interglacial Climate Variations?" Quaternary Research 43, no. 2 (1995): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1014.

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AbstractThe climatic evolution during the Eemian and the Holocene in western Europe is compared with the sea-surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea and with the oxygen-isotope-derived paleotemperature signal in the GRIP and Renland ice cores from Greenland. The records show a warm phase (ca. 3000 yr long) early in the Eemian (substage 5e). This suggests that the Greenland ice sheet, in general, recorded the climate in the region during this time. Rapid fluctuations during late stage 6 and late substage 5e in the GRIP ice core apparently are not recorded in the climatic proxies from western Europe and the Norwegian Sea. This may be due to low resolution in the terrestrial and marine records and/or long response time of the biotic changes. The early Holocene climatic optimum recorded in the terrestrial and marine records in the Norwegian Sea-NW European region is not found in the Summit (GRIP and GISP2) ice cores. However, this warm phase is recorded in the Renland ice core. Due to the proximity of Renland to the Norwegian Sea, this area is probably more influenced by changes in polar front positions which may partly explain this discrepancy. A reduction in the elevation at Summit during the Holocene may, however, be just as important. The high-amplitude shifts during substage 5e in the GRIP core could be due to Atlantic water oscillating closer to, and also reaching, the coast of East Greenland. During the Holocene, Atlantic water was generally located farther east in the Norwegian Sea than during the Eemian.

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De Jong, M. G. G., L. W. S. de Graaff, A. C. Seijmonsbergen, and A. R. Böhm. "Correlation of Greenland ice-core isotope profiles and the terrestrial record of the Alpine Rhine glacier for the period 32–15 ka." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 6 (2011): 4335–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-4335-2011.

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Abstract. We present a newly extended stratigraphic subdivision of the Greenland NGRIP, GRIP and GISP2 ice cores for the period 32–15 ka. Our classification emphasizes the multiscale nature of the climatic oscillations. Spectral trend analysis of isotopic data supports this interpretation. We compare this time series with the stratigraphy of the last major Pleistocene (Weichselian, Würmian) glaciation in the area of the Rhine glacier (Germany and Austria) as chronicled by a detailed inventory of landforms and deposits, dated in part with 14C analyses, and their interpretation in terms of climate change. Both time series show a major climatic oscillation, consisting of a colder period (glaciation) followed by a warmer period (deglaciation). The available dates allow the time of change, at 23.4 ka, to be correlated between the two. Pattern analysis clearly indicates that higher-order oscillations were superimposed on the major oscillation in both areas, emphasizing the multiscale nature of the underlying pattern of climate change. The correlation between the two areas is sufficiently good to propose that the pattern of climate change was synchronous (within the available time resolution) between Greenland and the Rhine glacier area. Comparison of our results with other high resolution climate proxies is expected to further improve the understanding of the climate changes during the Late Weichselian.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Climatic changes – Greenland"

1

Yang, Lei. "Greenland ice sheet change surface climate variability and glacier dynamics /." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180121203.

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Pingree, Katherine A. "The Greenland Ice Sheet: Reconstruction under Modern-Day Conditions and Sensitivity to the North Atlantic Oscillation." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2010. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PingreeKA2010.pdf.

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Goldsack, Anne Elizabeth. "Oceanographic controls on glaciers in southeast Greenland." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678487.

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Beal, Samuel A. "Chemical weathering along the Greenland ice sheet margin /." Norton, Mass. : Wheaton College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/8391.

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Abbott, Peter Michael. "Tephrochronology of the Greenland ice-cores and the North Atlantic Region during Marine Isotope Stage 4." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42515.

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The occurrence of several high-magnitude abrupt climatic changes during the last glacial period (~120-10 ka BP) was first recognised within the Greenland deep ice-core records. Subsequent identification of similar climatic variations has demonstrated the potential global significance of these events. Three of these millennial-scale events occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 (~79-59 ka BP), a period characterised by cooler global temperatures. An understanding of the forcing mechanisms and the environmental responses to these events is currently unattainable due to chronological uncertainties and the inability to precisely synchronise disparate records. Tephrochronology, however, has the potential to facilitate high-precision ice-marine correlations by tracing isochronous horizons between different sequences spanning this period. This potential is demonstrated through the construction of the first tephrochronological framework for MIS 4 within the North Atlantic region. Fourteen cryptotephra horizons are identified within the NGRIP and GRIP ice-cores and the MD04-2822 marine core. Both major and trace element compositions are presented for these previously unknown tephra horizons and form the backbone of this framework. In addition, high-precision, independent age estimates have been assigned to the horizons identified within the ice-core sequences. This framework represents a significant first step towards the regional and potentially hemispheric synchronisation of MIS 4 climatic archives. As well as providing the first evidence for the activity of Icelandic volcanic systems during MIS 4, this framework also demonstrates the widespread dispersal of basaltic-trachybasaltic products from the Jan Mayen volcanic region and potentially the deposition of Japanese volcanic material over Greenland. In addition, investigations of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have demonstrated that reliable trace element characterisations can be obtained from tephra shards?20 ?m in diameter, which opens up new possibilities for the incorporation of this technique in distal tephra studies.

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Ashcraft, Ivan S. "Microwave Remote Sensing of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Models and Applications." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd532.pdf.

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Candela, Salvatore G. "Greenland Ice Sheet Changes in Rates of Surface Elevation Change between 1978 and 2015." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543498988161871.

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Clarke, Amy. "Lake records of Holocene climate change from west Greenland." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250439.

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9

Duncan, Kyle. "Reconstructing surface elevation changes for the Greenland Ice Sheet (1993-2013) and analysis of Zachariae Isstrom, northeast Greenland." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600748.

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<p> Previous studies investigating the velocity and elevation change records of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) revealed rapid and complex changes. It is therefore imperative to determine changes with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. By fusing multiple laser altimetry data sets, the Surface Elevation Reconstruction and Change (SERAC) program is capable of reconstructing surface elevation changes with high spatial and temporal resolution over the entire GrIS. The input data include observations from NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission (2003-2009) as well as data collected by NASA’s Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) (1993-2013) and Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) (2007-2012) airborne laser altimetry systems. This study extends the record of surface elevation changes over the GrIS by adding 2012 and 2013 laser altimetry data to the previous 1993-2011 record. Extending the record leads to a new, more accurate and detailed altimetry record for 1993-2013. </p><p> Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are fused with laser altimetry data over Zachariæ Isstrøm, northeast Greenland to analyze surface elevation changes and associated thinning rates during 1978-2014. Little to no elevation change occurred over Zachariæ Isstrøm from 1978-1999, however, from 1999-2014 elevation changes near the calving front became increasingly negative and accelerated. Calving front position showed steady retreat and grounding line position has been retreating towards the interior of the ice sheet at an increasing rate from 2010-2014 when compared to the 1996-2010 period. The measured elevation changes near the calving front have brought a large portion of the glacier close to the height of flotation. If the current thinning trend continues this portion of the glacier will reach flotation within the next 2-5 years allowing for further retreat and increased vulnerability to retreat for sections of the glacier further upstream.</p>

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Thomas, Elizabeth Ruth. "High-resolution analysis of rapid climate change from Greenland ice cores." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435909.

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Books on the topic "Climatic changes – Greenland"

1

The fate of Greenland: Lessons from abrupt climate change. MIT Press, 2011.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. High-Arctic ecosystem dynamics in a changing climate: Ten years of monitoring and research at Zackenberg Research Station, Northeast Greenland. Elsevier, 2008.

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Heide-Jørgensen, Henning S. Ecosystem vulnerability to climate change in Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Ministry of Environment and Energy, Denmark, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 1997.

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4

Landis, Gary P. Analysis of firn gases collected at shallow depths in the Wrangell-St. Elias range, Alaska, the GISP2 site, Greenland, and the Taylor Dome site, East Antarctica. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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5

Polar bears in northwest Greenland: An interview survey about the catch and the climate. Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2011.

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6

1938-, Chouinard Yvon, ed. Planet ice: A climate for change. Braided River, 2009.

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Weidick, Anker. Neoglacial and historical glacier changes around Kangersuneq Fjord in southern West Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy, 2012.

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Gerd, Hoffmann, Antoon Kuijpers, and Jörn Thiede. "Poseidon" cruise no. 243, Reykjavik-Greenland-Reykjavik, 24 August-11 September 1998: Climate change and the Viking-age fjord environment of the eastern settlement, SW Greenland. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 1999.

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Conkling, Philip, Richard Alley, Wallace S. Broecker, and George Denton. Fate of Greenland: Lessons from Abrupt Climate Change. MIT Press, 2011.

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Conkling, Philip, Richard Alley, George Denton, and Wallace Broecker. Fate of Greenland: Lessons from Abrupt Climate Change. MIT Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Climatic changes – Greenland"

1

Boutron, Claude, Carlo Barbante, Sungmin Hong, et al. "Heavy Metals in Antarctic and Greenland Snow and Ice Cores: Man Induced Changes During the Last Millennia and Natural Variations During the Last Climatic Cycles." In Persistent Pollution – Past, Present and Future. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17419-3_3.

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Goldhar, Christina, and James D. Ford. "Climate Change Vulnerability and Food Security in Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland." In Community Adaptation and Vulnerability in Arctic Regions. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9174-1_11.

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Loukacheva, Natalia. "Climate Change Policy in the Arctic: The Cases of Greenland and Nunavut." In Climate Governance in the Arctic. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9542-9_13.

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Cussans, Julia E. M. "Biometry and Climate Change in Norse Greenland: The Effect of Climate on the Size and Shape of Domestic Mammals." In Climate Change and Human Responses. Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1106-5_11.

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Holm, Lene Kielsen. "Sila-Inuk: Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in Greenland." In SIKU: Knowing Our Ice. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0_6.

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Bender, Michael L., Bruno Malaize, Joseph Orchardo, Todd Sowers, and Jean Jouzel. "High precision correlations of Greenland and Antarctic ice core records over the last 100 kyr." In Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales. American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm112p0149.

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Wathen, Stephen F. "Evidence for Climate Teleconnections Between Greenland and the Sierra Nevada of California During the Holocene, Including the 8200 and 5200 Climate Events." In Abrupt Climate Change: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Impacts. American Geophysical Union, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gm001022.

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Andrews, John T., Donald C. Barber, and Anne E. Jennings. "Errors in generating time-series and in dating events at late quaternary millenial (radiocarbon) time-scales: Examples from Baffin Bay, NW Labrador Sea, and East Greenland." In Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales. American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm112p0023.

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Fountain, Andrew G., and W. Berry Lyons. "Century- to Millennial-Scale Climate Change and Ecosystem Response in Taylor Valley, Antarctica." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0031.

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The view of climate change during the Pleistocene and the Holocene was very much different a mere decade ago. With the collection and detailed analyses of ice core records from both Greenland and Antarctica in the early and mid-1990s, respectively, the collective view of climate variability during this time period has changed dramatically. During the Pleistocene, at least as far back as 450,000 years b.p., abrupt and severe temperature fluctuations were a regular occurrence rather than the exception (Mayewski et al. 1996, 1998; Petit et al. 1999). During the Pleistocene, these rapid and large climatic fluctuations, initially identified in the ice core records, have been verified in both marine and lacustrine sediments as well (Bond et al. 1993; Grimm et al. 1993), suggesting large-scale (hemispheric to global) climate restructuring over very short periods of time (Mayewski et al. 1997). Similar types of climatic fluctuations, but with smaller amplitudes, have also occurred during the Holocene (O’Brien et al. 1995; Bond et al. 1997; Arz et al. 2001). What were the biological responses to these changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric chemistry? We must answer this question if we are to understand the century- to millennial-scale influence of climate on the structure and function of ecosystems. Because the polar regions are thought to be amplifiers of global climate change, these regions are ideal for investigating the response of ecological systems to, what in temperate regions might be considered, small-scale climatic variation. Our knowledge of past climatic variations in Antarctica comes from different types of proxy records, including ice core, geologic, and marine (Lyons et al. 1997). It is clear, however, that coastal Antarctica may respond to oceanic, atmospheric, and ice sheet–based climatic “drivers,” and therefore ice-free regions, such as the Mc- Murdo Dry Valleys, may respond to climate change in a much more complex manner than previously thought (R. Poreda, unpubl. data 2001). Since the initiation of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research program (MCM) in 1993, there has been a keen interest not only in the dynamics of the present day ecosystem, but also in the legacies produced via past climatic variation on the ecosystem. In this chapter we examine the current structure and function of the dry valleys ecosystem from the perspective of our work centered in Taylor Valley.

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Christensen, Carsten Sander. "Global Security Problem in the Arctic Zone." In NATO and the Future of European and Asian Security. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7118-7.ch011.

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The American repeated offers to purchase Greenland has several times placed the world's biggest island at the heart of world affairs. However, as Greenland is actively seeking independence from Denmark, the future of Greenlandic defence has become crucial to understanding its independence aspirations. The threats against Denmark are very complex and are in a wider perspective the most unpredictable since the end of the Cold War. This is based not least on the aggressive behaviour of Russia, massive cyberattacks, China's economic aggressiveness, and the sustained terrorist threat against Europe and Denmark. This chapter examines the complexed international security situation in the Arctic zone. It focuses, especially, on the role of Greenland, de facto a demilitarized area in the northern hemisphere. What are the military and economic roles of Denmark, Russia, USA, Greenland, China, and further actors in the area? And what are the political, economic, military, and strategic consequences of the climate change in of the hot spots of security zones in the 2020s and in the future?

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Conference papers on the topic "Climatic changes – Greenland"

1

Hovgard, Holger, and Kai Wieland. "Fishery and Environmental Aspects Relevant for the Emergence and Decline of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in West Greenland Waters." In Resiliency of Gadid Stocks to Fishing and Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/rgsfcc.2008.05.

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Chen, Jun, Philippe Odier, Michael Rivera, and Robert Ecke. "Measurement of Turbulent Mixing Along Slope in Stratified Flow." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98539.

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The mixing phenomenon of ocean currents, which have different densities as well as velocities, are important to ocean dynamics and global climate modeling. One example is the outflow of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas, where dense Arctic water overflows a ridge and spills downslope in a density-driven plume until it reaches the deep abyss of the Atlantic Ocean. On the way down it mixes with ambient water of different temperature and salinity. This process affects the global thermohaline circulation, which is a significant element in changes of the global climate. Laboratory experiments are conducted to investigate this problem. A turbulent jet is introduced into a water tank along an inclined plate. The density difference between the jet and the tank water produces a stably stratified boundary current. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) are applied to obtain simultaneous measurement of velocity field and density field along the slope at different downstream locations. On-going efforts are also discussed.

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Chipman, Melissa L., G. Everett Lasher, Andrew Medeiros, and Yarrow Axford. "6500 YEARS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH GREENLAND INFERRED FROM INSECT (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) ASSEMBLAGES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-315537.

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Turner, Holly E., Felix M. Gradstein, Sietske J. Batenburg, Andrew S. Gale, and Jennifer M. Huggett. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND CARBON CYCLE PERTURBATIONS IN THE NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEAWAY DURING THE LATEST JURASSIC AND EARLY CRETACEOUS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320466.

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5

Høye, Toke T. "Winners and losers of Arctic climate change — insect and spider abundance variation across two decades in high-arctic Greenland." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105033.

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6

Gilg, Olivier. "Will Collared Lemmings and Their Predators be the First Vertebrates to "Fall Over the Cliff" in Greenland Due to Global Climate Changes?" In Gyrfalcons and Ptarmigan in a Changing World. The Peregrine Fund, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/gpcw.2011.0113.

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7

Ballora, Mark. "Music of Migration and Phenology: Listening to Counterpoints of Musk Ox and Caribou Migrations, and Cycles of Plant Growth." In The 22nd International Conference on Auditory Display. The International Community for Auditory Display, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2016.016.

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This extended abstract describes a sonification that was commissioned by a biologist/animal ecologist. The sonification was created with the software synthesis program SuperCollider [1]. The motivation for creating it was to pursue additional levels of engagement and immersion by supplementing the effects of visual plots, as well as to create an informative rendering of a multivariate dataset. The goal is for audiences, in particular students and laypeople, to readily understand (and hopefully find compelling) the phenomena being described. The approach is parameterbased, creating “sonic scatter plots” [2] in the same manner as work described in earlier publications [3], [4]. The work described here is a current experimental project that takes a sonic approach to describing the interactions of plant phenology and animal migrations in Greenland. This area is seen as a predictor of how climate change may affect areas farther south. There is concern about the synchronicity of annual caribou migrations with the appearance of plant food sources, as warmer temperatures may cause plants to bloom earlier and in advance of the caribou arrival at their calving grounds; depleted food availability at calving time can lead to lower populations of caribou. Parts of this sonification will be applied to a multi-year professional development workshop for middle and high school science teachers. It is hoped that sonifications of plant observations made by teachers and students will enhance student engagement, and possibly lead to greater degrees of understanding of phenology patterns.

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Reports on the topic "Climatic changes – Greenland"

1

Laidre, Kristin L., and Mads P. Heide-Joergensen. Climate Change and Baleen Whale Trophic Cascades in Greenland. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539212.

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2

Laidre, Kristin L., and Mads P. Heide-Jorgensen. Climate Change and Baleen Whale Trophic Cascades in Greenland. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531327.

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3

Laidre, Kristin L., and Mads P. Heide-Joergensen. Climate Change and Baleen Whale Trophic Cascades in Greenland. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557943.

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