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Journal articles on the topic 'Clinical and Sports Nutrition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Meade, Anthony. "Clinical Sports Nutrition." Nutrition & Dietetics 64, no. 2 (June 2007): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00132.x.

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2

Titchenal, C. Alan. "Clinical Sports Nutrition." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.4.560a.

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3

ALBAY, Çağla, and Burcu YEŞİLKAYA. "THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IN SPORTS NUTRITION AND VIEW OF THEIR EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS 36 (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2020.36.2.

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Aim: This study was prepared to investigate the effect of nutritional ergogenic supplements used by people who do sports on their body development in various sports branches. Methods: This review was prepared by compiling the studies on sports nutrition and supplementary foods used in sports nutrition in the last 15 years.Results: Genetic structure, appropriate training and nutrition are the primary factors affect the performance of athletes. The energy needs of athletes differ according to their age, gender, physical activity level and amount of the energy spent. The main factors should be considered in the nutritıon of each athlete must be ensuring the continuity of health and performance, consuming energy and nutrients adeqately, choosing the right food before and after the exercises, establishing continuity in body fat and leaning mass percentage according to the kind of sport performed and ensuring recovery and body fluid balance after training. In recent years, nutritional ergogenic aid has become widespread among athletes at different levels in order to increase the performance and achieve success more easily besides nutrition. As a result of reserarches and clinical trials, espicially glutamine, caffeine, creatine, vitamin and mineral supplements are allowed to be used in correct amounts and proporstions. Conclusion: Studies on Sports Nutrition and their scope are developing day by day. After the foundation of healthy nutrition is established, the sports process is supported with nutritional supplements, provided that the latest literature studies on this subject are followed.
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4

Pummeroy, Darrell. "Clinical Sports Nutrition, Second Edition." Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 4, no. 2 (October 2001): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1443-8461(01)80033-2.

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5

Truswell, A. Stewart. "Eat for gold!: Clinical sports nutrition." Medical Journal of Australia 163, no. 5 (September 1995): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124570.x.

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6

Kalman, Douglas S. "Editorial: Sports Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition of a Different Sort." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 14, no. 6 (December 1999): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453369901400601.

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7

Stogov, M. V., N. D. Nenenko, and R. V. Kuchin. "CREATINE IN SPORTS NUTRITION AND CLINICAL PRACTICE. NEW DATA." International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research (Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований), no. 4 2021 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.13199.

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8

Vinci, Debra M. "Effective Nutrition Support Programs for College Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 8, no. 3 (September 1998): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.3.308.

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This paper presents an overview of the Husky Sport Nutrition Program at the University of Washington. This program is a component of the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics Total Student–Athlete Program, an NCAA-sponsored CHAMPS/Life Skills Program that provides life skills assistance to student–athletes. Successful integration of a sport nutrition program requires an understanding of the athletic culture, physiological milestones, and life stressors faced by college athletes. The sport nutritionist functions as an educator, counselor, and administrator. Team presentations and individual nutrition counseling provide athletes with accurate information on healthy eating behaviors for optimal performance. For women's sports, a multidisciplinary team including the sport nutritionist, team physician, clinical psychologist, and athletic trainer work to prevent and treat eating disorders. Case studies are presented illustrating the breadth of nutrition-related issues faced by a sport nutritionist working with college athletes.
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9

Malsagova, Kristina A., Arthur T. Kopylov, Alexandra A. Sinitsyna, Alexander A. Stepanov, Alexander A. Izotov, Tatyana V. Butkova, Konstantin Chingin, Mikhail S. Klyuchnikov, and Anna L. Kaysheva. "Sports Nutrition: Diets, Selection Factors, Recommendations." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113771.

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An athlete’s diet is influenced by external and internal factors that can reduce or exacerbate exercise-induced food intolerance/allergy symptoms. This review highlights many factors that influence food choices. However, it is important to remember that these food choices are dynamic, and their effectiveness varies with the time, location, and environmental factors in which the athlete chooses the food. Therefore, before training and competition, athletes should follow the recommendations of physicians and nutritionists. It is important to study and understand the nutritional strategies and trends that athletes use before and during training or competitions. This will identify future clinical trials that can be conducted to identify specific foods that athletes can consume to minimize negative symptoms associated with their consumption and optimize training outcomes.
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10

Tokaev, E. S., E. A. Nekrasov, I. S. Krasnova, and A. A. Khasanov. "Clinical researches of a specialized sports nutrition product “Hemosport” for the regulation of hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls who are professionally involved in sports." Sports medicine: research and practice 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2022.1.4.

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The aim of the research was a clinical assessment of the effectiveness of the developed specialized sports nutrition product for regulating the level of hemoglobin in adolescent girls professionally involved in sports.Materials and methods: 23 girls — athletes of various sports specialization were researched during a training camp. The athletes were determined by the clinical parameters of blood, its general analysis and biochemical parameters, then the physical endurance and performance were assessed.Results: the developed product “Hemosport” demonstrated efficiency in most of the researched parameters in the main group compared with the control. The positive dynamics of most of the researched indicators revealed a general tendency to improve the state of vital organs and systems of the body of athletes of the main group, to increase their adaptive capabilities and vegetative balance.Conclusions: clinical studies of the specialized product “Hemosport” allow it to be recommended in the practice of sports nutrition for adolescent girls of 12–17 years old who are professionally involved in sports to compensate for iron deficiency nutritional deficiencies specific for this group of athletes, as well as to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their training.
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11

Wells, Kimberley R., Nikki A. Jeacocke, Renee Appaneal, Hilary D. Smith, Nicole Vlahovich, Louise M. Burke, and David Hughes. "The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 21 (July 13, 2020): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101813.

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Identification, evaluation and management of disordered eating (DE) is complex. DE exists along the spectrum from optimised nutrition through to clinical eating disorders (EDs). Individual athletes can move back and forth along the spectrum of eating behaviour at any point in time over their career and within different stages of a training cycle. Athletes are more likely to present with DE than a clinical ED. Overall, there is a higher prevalence of DE and EDs in athletes compared with non-athletes. Additionally, athletes participating in aesthetic, gravitational and weight-class sports are at higher risk of DE and EDs than those in sports without these characteristics. The evaluation and management of DE requires a cohesive team of professional practitioners consisting of, at minimum, a doctor, a sports dietitian and a psychologist, termed within this statement as the core multidisciplinary team. The Australian Institute of Sport and the National Eating Disorders Collaboration have collaborated to provide this position statement, containing guidelines for athletes, coaches, support staff, clinicians and sporting organisations. The guidelines support the prevention and early identification of DE, and promote timely intervention to optimise nutrition for performance in a safe, supported, purposeful and individualised manner. This position statement is a call to action to all involved in sport to be aware of poor self-image and poor body image among athletes. The practical recommendations should guide the clinical management of DE in high performance sport.
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12

Clark, Kristine Larson. "Working with College Athletes, Coaches, and Trainers at a Major University." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.2.135.

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Athletic departments in colleges and universities are beginning to recognize the role a sports nutrition professional plays in providing both clinical nutrition services to athletes and nutrition education programs to teams, coaches, and trainers. Traditionally, sports nutritionists have been viewed as capable of counseling athletes toward improved nutrition behaviors for improved performance outcomes. More globally, a sports nutritionist at a major university can develop and implement nutrition education programs for athletes that can be implemented in alternative situations to effect the greater student body. Menu changes in dining facilities, expanded dining hours, and campus workshops on eating disorders, weight gain, or weight loss are examples of programs created by a university sports nutritionist.
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13

Liu, Shiqi, Hengxu Liu, Li Yang, Kun Wang, Nuo Chen, Tingran Zhang, and Jiong Luo. "A Review of Rehabilitation Benefits of Exercise Training Combined with Nutrition Supplement for Improving Protein Synthesis and Skeletal Muscle Strength in Patients with Cerebral Stroke." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14234995.

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Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is one of the main causes of chronic disability, and it affects the function of daily life, so it is increasingly important to actively rehabilitate patients’ physical functions. The research confirmed that the nutrition supplement strategy is helpful to improve the effect of sports rehabilitation adaptation and sports performance. The patients with chronic strokes (whose strokes occur for more than 6 months) have special nutritional needs while actively carrying out rehabilitation exercises, but there are still few studies to discuss at present. Therefore, this paper will take exercise rehabilitation to promote muscle strength and improve muscle protein synthesis as the main axis and, through integrating existing scientific evidence, discuss the special needs of chronic stroke patients in rehabilitation exercise intervention and nutrition supplement one by one. At the same time, we further evaluated the physiological mechanism of nutrition intervention to promote training adaptation and compared the effects of various nutrition supplement strategies on stroke rehabilitation. Literature review pointed out that immediately supplementing protein nutrition (such as whey protein or soybean protein) after resistance exercise or endurance exercise can promote the efficiency of muscle protein synthesis and produce additive benefits, thereby improving the quality of muscle tissue. Recent animal research results show that probiotics can prevent the risk factors of neural function degradation and promote the benefits of sports rehabilitation. At the same time, natural polyphenols (such as catechin or resveratrol) or vitamins can also reduce the oxidative stress injury caused by animal stroke and promote the proliferation of neural tissue. In view of the fact that animal research results still make up the majority of issues related to the role of nutrition supplements in promoting nerve repair and protection, and the true benefits still need to be confirmed by subsequent human studies. This paper suggests that the future research direction should be the supplement of natural antioxidants, probiotics, compound nutritional supplements, and integrated human clinical research.
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14

Kritsch, Karen. "Issues and Choices in Clinical Nutrition Practice, 1st Edition." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, no. 10 (October 2007): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000277086.36214.d7.

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15

Pedlar, Charles R., John Newell, and Nathan A. Lewis. "Blood Biomarker Profiling and Monitoring for High-Performance Physiology and Nutrition: Current Perspectives, Limitations and Recommendations." Sports Medicine 49, S2 (November 6, 2019): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01158-x.

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Abstract Blood test data were traditionally confined to the clinic for diagnostic purposes, but are now becoming more routinely used in many professional and elite high-performance settings as a physiological profiling and monitoring tool. A wealth of information based on robust research evidence can be gleaned from blood tests, including: the identification of iron, vitamin or energy deficiency; the identification of oxidative stress and inflammation; and the status of red blood cell populations. Serial blood test data can be used to monitor athletes and make inferences about the efficacy of training interventions, nutritional strategies or indeed the capacity to tolerate training load. Via a profiling and monitoring approach, blood biomarker measurement combined with contextual data has the potential to help athletes avoid injury and illness via adjustments to diet, training load and recovery strategies. Since wide inter-individual variability exists in many biomarkers, clinical population-based reference data can be of limited value in athletes, and statistical methods for longitudinal data are required to identify meaningful changes within an athlete. Data quality is often compromised by poor pre-analytic controls in sport settings. The biotechnology industry is rapidly evolving, providing new technologies and methods, some of which may be well suited to athlete applications in the future. This review provides current perspectives, limitations and recommendations for sports science and sports medicine practitioners using blood profiling and monitoring for nutrition and performance purposes.
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16

Simič, Vesna, and Nina Mohorko. "NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES OF SLOVENIAN NATIONAL JUNIOR SWIMMING TEAM." Annales Kinesiologiae 9, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/ak.2018.158.

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Purpose: The purpose of our study was to assess the nutritional strategies of Slovenian national junior swimming team and compare them with recommendations of clinical sports nutrition. Competitive young swimmers namely have increased energy and nutrient needs compared to general adolescents due to frequent and intense training. Despite some physiological differences from adults, adult sports nutrition recommendations for macronutrients apply to them. Further, literature reports iron, calcium, and vitamin D intake as frequently inadequate.Methods: Nutritional strategies of 19 members of Slovenian national junior swimming team were assessed retrospectively through 3-day food and activity diaries, questionnaires, anthropometric data including bioimpedance analysis. Energy availability (EA), macronutrient intake and timing, iron, calcium and vitamin D intakes, hydration, consumption of sports food and dietary supplement use were evaluated.Results: EA in some of male swimmers and in majority of female swimmers was lower than recommended. Carbohydrate intake was adequate in male swimmers and two thirds of female swimmers. Although average protein intake exceeded the upper recommended limit, some female swimmers did not meet the lower recommended intake limit. Total fat intake was lower than recommended, with saturated fat intake on the upper recommended level. Calcium and iron intake in male swimmers exceeded recommended values, while female swimmers had lower calcium intake than recommended and some had lower iron intake, too. Vitamin D intake was low in all swimmers. Meal timing was adequate in majority of swimmers, who often reached for dietary supplements, mostly omega 3 fatty acids, multivitamins, and magnesium.Conclusions: Low EA in young competitive swimmers is of concern. More successful, personalised nutrition strategies for young competitive swimmers, focusing on higher energy intake and healthy food choices, would contribute to the preservation of their health and development into top performers.
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Sanfilippo, Jennifer, Diane Krueger, Bryan Heiderscheit, and Neil Binkley. "Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119861572.

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Background: Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined. Hypothesis: Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. Results: Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) ( P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms ( P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat. Conclusion: DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline. Clinical Relevance: These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.
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Zeijlon, Rickard, Victor Hantelius, Susanna M. Wallerstedt, and Lina Holmqvist. "Sports nutrition supplements and adverse events – a meta-epidemiological study of case reports specifically addressing causality assessment." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 78, no. 1 (October 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-021-03223-9.

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Abstract Purpose This meta-epidemiological study aimed to systematically review case reports regarding sports nutrition supplements and adverse events (AEs), specifically addressing the issue of causality assessments. Methods Through a systematic literature search we identified all published case reports of AEs associated with sports nutrition supplements between 1 January 2008 and 1 March 2019. Data regarding AEs, suspected supplements, relevant causality assessment factors and the reporting of clinical reasoning and/or systematic causality assessment methods were extracted. Results In all, 72 publications were included, reporting 134 supplements and 37 different AEs in 97 patients (85% males; median age: 30 years [range: 14–60]). Information regarding previous health and regular prescription drugs was not presented in 30% (29/97) and 46% (45/97) of cases, respectively. In 23% (22/97) of the cases, no alternative cause was mentioned. Clinical reasoning was identified in 63% (61/97), and in 13% (8/61) of these, a systematic causality assessment method was applied. In cases with clinical reasoning, a theoretic rationale (92% vs 78%, P = 0.05), a description of previous cases (90% vs 72%, P = 0.021) and body fluid analysis (18% vs 3%, P = 0.027) were reported to a greater extent. Among cases with clinical reasoning, the application of a systematic causality assessment method captured additional important aspects: use of medication (100% vs 55%, P = 0.015), alcohol use (88% vs 43%, P = 0.020) and illicit drug use (88% vs 40%, P = 0.011). Conclusions In published case reports where sports nutrition supplements were suspected to have caused AEs, essential factors for causality assessment were left out in a non-negligible proportion. Clinical reasoning was identified in most cases whereas a systematic causality assessment method was applied in a minority. Factors of importance for causality assessment were reported to a greater extent in cases including clinical reasoning, and the application of a systematic causality assessment method captured additional aspects of importance.
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Muth, Natalie Digate, and Cedric X. Bryant. "AAP Clinical Guidelines on Nutrition and Fitness for People with Diabetes." Physician and Sportsmedicine 41, no. 2 (May 2013): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2013.05.2012.

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20

Dunn, Andrea L. "Clinical Workshop – Using Technology to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Nutrition." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00639.

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21

Kane, Ilima. "Clinical Workshop – Using Technology to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Nutrition." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00640.

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22

Cynober, Luc A. "Do We Have Unrealistic Expectations of the Potential of Immuno-Nutrition?" Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 26, S1 (October 2001): S36—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2001-040.

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Heavy sports training schedules and competition is often associated with immuno-suppression, and so there is a theoretical justification for providing athletes with nutrients that display immuno-regulatory properties. Among such immuno-nutrients, considerable attention has been paid in recent years to two amino acids, arginine (ARG) and glutamine (GLN). ARG and GLN availability regulate the function ofT lymphocytes, macro phages and polymorphonuclear cells. ARG acts through nitric oxide and polyamine synthesis. The mechanism of action of GLN in immune cells remains unclear. Experience in clinical nutrition suggests that an ARG-enriched diet may limit infectious morbidity in critically ill patients. Data concerning oral/enteral GLN supplementation are more controversial. There have been few trials of supplementation in sports medicine, but results are promising, justifying further studies in which dosages and administration schedules should be taken into account.
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Cai, Jian Guang, Da Zhong Yin, and Hui Tang. "The Biochemical Mechanisms of Taurine in Anti Sports Fatigue." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1043.

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Taurine (Tau) was widely used in adjusting body normal physiological function and enhancing the ability of resisting all kinds of stress in clinical medicine and sports nutrition. This article collected the literatures of recent 20 years about the application of taurine in animal and human being. According to the chemical structure, amino acids in taurine’s molecular structure played a main role in regulating physiological function. Amino was the key and even the only functional group in biochemical reaction. Schiff’s Reaction between amino and carbonyl in reactive carbonyl compounds was that taurine played a variety biological function of molecular basis in cells.
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Boisseau, Nathalie, Nicolas Barnich, and Christelle Koechlin-Ramonatxo. "The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance." Nutrients 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14050924.

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The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
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Urban, Jill P. G., Stanton Smith, and Jeremy C. T. Fairbank. "Nutrition of the Intervertebral Disc." Spine 29, no. 23 (December 2004): 2700–2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000146499.97948.52.

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26

Latkov, Nikolay Yurievich, Diana Tokhtarovna Dzhatdoeva, Boisjoni Tokhiriyon, Valentina Lapina, Valeriy Mikhailovich Poznyakovsky, Yusup Mohambekovich Dzhabrailov, Olga Anatolyevna Sorokopudova, Elena Valeryevna Karanina, Asya Valentinovna Kotandzhyan, and Victoria Vyacheslavovna Kalitskaya. "Nutrition for Increased Adaptive Capacity, Better Sports Performance and Improved Quality of Life." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 12681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412681.

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The present study discusses foods for professional athletes since sports nutrition is the foundation of effective performance. A dietary supplement complex designed for ski orienteers, swimmers, road cyclists, and biathletes is described. The composition of the dietary supplement complex with directed influence on metabolic processes, intensity, and training load is given. All the ingredients for this complex are selected, taking into account their synergistic effect and safety. The manufacturing process, with its gentle process conditions like granulation at 40 °C, drying at 60 °C, and a relatively short manufacturing time, ensures the safety of biologically active ingredients and their functional properties. The manufacturing company is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certified and meets the General Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements. The clinical trials were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the dietary supplement complex. The findings indicate increased adaptation to training, enhanced recovery, and balanced emotional state. The benefits of adding the dietary supplement complex to eating plans of sportsmen are listed.
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Gunina, L. M., Ye B. Shustov, I. F. Belenichev, N. L. Vysochina, R. V. Golovashchenko, and O. V. Morozova. "Specialized nutrition for athletes: evaluation of ergogenic action using the principles of evidence-based medicine." Pharmacia 69, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e76599.

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The aim is to form a balanced position regarding the ergogenic characteristics of new sports food products in the modern practice of training highly qualified athletes on the basis of clinical-experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of special purpose real food additives. Materials and methods. Studies were carried out on laboratory animals (36 Wistar rats at the age of 3 months weighing 150–200 g and 16 Svetlogorsk mini-pigs) as well as on 102 high-qualified representatives of cyclic sports (all men aged 19–26) − members of national teams such as swimming (25), cross-country athletics (53), and skiing (24). As a control group, we studied 25 athletes of the same gender (all men), age and qualifications who received a placebo (starch capsules) for a long time during exercise. Placebo-controlled studies have been conducted on laboratory animals and athletes in compliance with the principles of bioethics. Results. It has been established that in the experiment the application of a new specialized food product MioActiv has a positive effect on the physical performance of animals and delays the onset of fatigue, which significantly exceeds the corresponding characteristics in the placebo group. Athletes also showed an increase in speed when passing competitive distances by 18.7–21.4% (p &lt; 0,05), as well as a significant increase in mental endurance indicators (p &lt; 0,05). The approbation of the innovative pre-workout pharmacological nutrient complex Pre-Fuse also showed the high efficacy and safety of this product with a positive effect of increasing the performance and endurance of animals, as well as the parameters of mental performance of athletes in the main groups, in contrast to the data in the placebo control groups. Conclusions. An analysis of the prescription components of new types of ergogenic sports nutrition and the presented results of preclinical and clinical studies conducted on the basis of the evidence-based medicine paradigm regarding the effectiveness of specialized products indicate the complex action of these funds on various aspects of both physical and mental performance. From the materials presented in the article, it can be seen that specialized sports nutrition products of an ergogenic orientation can provide significant assistance in increasing sports results.
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Barreto, Gabriel, Luana Farias de Oliveira, Tiemi Saito, Rafael Klosterhoff, Pedro Perim, Eimear Dolan, Rosa Maria R. Pereira, Patrícia Campos-Ferraz, Fernanda R. Lima, and Bryan Saunders. "Reduced Endurance Capacity and Suboptimal Energy Availability in Top-Level Female Cyclists." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0513.

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Purpose: Women’s professional cycling has grown in popularity, and this increase is also apparent in Brazil, which has increased its female cycling calendar in recent years. The aim of this observational study was to (1) determine training and competition loads of a top-level Brazilian female cycling team, (2) evaluate nutrition and clinical health, and (3) measure whether exercise capacity changed throughout the season. Methods: Training and competition data were collected over the season using global positioning system monitors, while laboratory-based physiological and performance measures (incremental cycling test, 30-s Wingate, 4-km time trial) and clinical and nutritional analyses were performed at time points throughout the season. Results: Total distance covered over the year was 11,124 (2895) km (7382–14,698 km). Endurance capacity was reduced over the season (P = .005) but not anaerobic power (all P > .05). Nutrition and stress markers remained largely unchanged throughout the season, although there were some individual fluctuations in some measures, and testosterone concentration was low for some. Median estimated energy availability ranged between 32.3 and 56.8 kcal·kgLBM−1·d−1 during training and 26.4 and 53.8 kcal·kgLBM−1·d−1 during competition. Percentage of training spent in optimal estimated energy availability was generally low, with 3 athletes spending <35% within the optimal intake. Conclusions: Substantial training and competition loads of the monitored professional Brazilian female cyclists may have reduced exercise capacity toward the end of the season, indicative of a grueling yearlong schedule. Several athletes may have had suboptimal energy availability during the season, potentially affecting testosterone concentration. These data demonstrate the difficulties in maintaining optimal nutrition, health, and performance throughout a season in professional female cycling and highlight the need for quality sport-science support for this type of top-level athlete.
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Rocha, Júlio César, Esther van Dam, Kirsten Ahring, Manuela Ferreira Almeida, Amaya Bélanger-Quintana, Katharina Dokoupil, Hülya Gökmen-Özel, et al. "A series of three case reports in patients with phenylketonuria performing regular exercise: first steps in dietary adjustment." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 6 (June 26, 2019): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0492.

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Abstract Background Phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare, inherited metabolic condition, is treated with a strict low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet, supplemented with Phe-free protein substitute. The optimal nutritional management of a sporting individual with PKU has not been described. Therefore, guidelines for the general athlete have to be adapted. Case presentation Three clinical scenarios of sporting patients with PKU are given, illustrating dietary adaptations to usual management and challenges to attain optimal sporting performance. Therefore, the main objectives of sports nutrition in PKU are to (1) maintain a high carbohydrate diet; (2) carefully monitor hydration status; and (3) give attention to the timing of protein substitute intake in the immediate post-exercise recovery phase. Optimal energy intake should be given prior to, during and post exercise training sessions or competition. Fortunately, a usual low-Phe diet is rich in carbohydrate, but attention is required on the types of special low-protein foods chosen. Acute exercise does not seem to influence blood Phe concentrations, but further evidence is needed. Summary Well-treated PKU patients should be able to participate in sports activities, but this is associated with increased nutritional requirements and dietary adjustments. Conclusions It should be the goal of all sporting patients with PKU to maintain good metabolic Phe control and attain maximal athletic performance.
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Khan, Kamran, Abdul Qadir, Gina Trakman, Tariq Aziz, Maria Ishaq Khattak, Ghulam Nabi, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, and Muhammad Shahzad. "Sports and Energy Drink Consumption, Oral Health Problems and Performance Impact among Elite Athletes." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 5089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235089.

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Frequent consumption of sports and energy drinks among athletes is of concern due to its detrimental impact on oral health. The present study aimed to assess sports and energy drink consumption, oral health status and impacts on daily activities and sports performance among elite athletes from Pakistan. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, sports and energy drink consumption, oral health and hygiene practices, self-reported oral health and psychosocial and performance impact was assessed using a self-administered, structured questionnaire followed by clinical oral examination by a single, experienced dentist. A total of 104 athletes, a majority of whom were male (80.8%), participated in the study. Around two third of the participants reported consumption of sports and energy drinks, energy gels or bars at least once a week, the commonest being Sting. Despite good oral hygiene practices, the athletes generally had poor oral health with high prevalence of dental caries (63.5%), gingivitis (46.1%), irreversible periodontitis (26.9%) and erosive tooth wear (21.2%). More than a quarter (28.8%) of the athletes rated their oral health as fair—very poor. Four in five athletes (80%) also experienced at least one oral problem with negative impacts on daily activities (64.4%) and participation training and sports performance (36.5%). Regression analyses revealed a significant association between periodontal disease and impact on both daily activities and sports performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that high-prevalence sports and energy drink consumption and oral problems among elite athletes from Pakistan has a negative impact on daily activities and sports performance. These findings may have important implications for oral health education programs, and the need to create awareness among the athletes regarding the use of sports and energy drinks, as well as regular oral health screening of athletes to minimize the impact on performance.
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Weaver, Connie M., Meryl Wastney, and Lisa A. Spence. "Quantitative Clinical Nutrition Approaches to the Study of Calcium and Bone Metabolism." Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 1, no. 3-4 (2002): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/bmm:1:3-4:219.

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Yusni, Yusni, and Amiruddin Amiruddin. "Perubahan antropometri, kalsium darah, tekanan darah, dan kebugaran fisik akibat asupan susu kambing pada olahragawan." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 17, no. 3 (January 7, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.53967.

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Changes in anthropometry, blood calcium, blood pressure, and physical fitness due to goat's milk intake in athletesBackground: The intake of healthy-balanced nutrition is needed by athletes. The complex nutritional content of goat milk such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral acts as sports nutrition during and after training. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of goat milk on physical fitness, anthropometrics, blood calcium, and blood pressure in athletes. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted using healthy human subjects. Subjects were runners (n=10 people) as the control group and gymnasts (n=19 people) as the treatment group, male, age 21-27 years, and healthy. Bodyweight (BW), Height, and Body Mass Index (BMI), blood calcium, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and physical fitness were examined two times, before and after consuming goat milk. Intervention: fresh goat milk, 250 mg/day (after dinner), and given for 90 days. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was no difference between BW (p=0.07), BMI (p=0.08), and DBP (p=0.24), but instead there was a significant difference in SBP (p=0.00) before and after goat milk intervention in the experimental group. Blood calcium was significantly increased (p=0.00) in the intervention group, whereas reverse decreased significantly (p=0.02) in controls. A significant difference before and after therapy was found in speed (p=0.00), arm muscle endurance (p=0.01), an-aerobic endurance (p=0.00), agility (p=0.02), however, there was no significant difference between leg muscle power (p=0.13), flexibility (p=0.23), an endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0.26), VO2 max (p=1.15) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Regular consumption of goat milk can reduce SBP, increase blood calcium levels, and improve physical fitness (speed, arm muscle endurance, anaerobic endurance, and agility) in athletes. Goat milk is an essential role in sports nutrition for physical fitness and athlete's health.
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ChiMón, Palma, Francisco B. Ortega, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, David Martínez-Gómez, Germán Vicente-Rodriguez, Kurt Widhalm, et al. "Active Commuting and Physical Activity in Adolescents From Europe: Results From the HELENA Study." Pediatric Exercise Science 23, no. 2 (May 2011): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.2.207.

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Chillón and Ruiz are with the Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Spain. Chillón and Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Ortega, Ruiz and Sjöström are with the Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Ortega and Castillo are with the Department of Medical Physiology, University of Granada, Spain. De Bourdeaudhuij is with the Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium. Martínez-Gómez is with the Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, ICTAN, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain. Vicente-Rodríguez and Moreno are with Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. Widhalm is with the Department of Paediatrics, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Molnar is with the Deprtment of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Hungary. Gottrand is with Inserm U995, University Lille2 and CIC-9301-CH&U-Inserm, University Hospital of Lille, France. González-Gross is with the Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
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Childs, Nancy L., and Ronald E. Cranford. "Termination of Nutrition and Hydration in the Minimally Conscious State: Contrasting Clinical Views." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 12, no. 4 (August 1997): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-199708000-00007.

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Golaszewski, Ame. "Nutrition throughout the course of ALS." NeuroRehabilitation 22, no. 6 (December 28, 2007): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-2007-22605.

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Keay, Nicola, Gavin Francis, Ian Entwistle, and Karen Hind. "Clinical evaluation of education relating to nutrition and skeletal loading in competitive male road cyclists at risk of relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S): 6-month randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 2019): e000523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000523.

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ObjectiveTo clinically evaluate education to improve eating behaviour and skeletal loading exercise in male cyclists at risk of poor bone health and impaired performance due to relative energy deficiency in sports.MethodsEarly race season, 50 competitive male road cyclists were matched, in pairs, based on Z-scores for lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). One member of each pair was randomly allocated to receive educational interventions. After the season, 45 cyclists returned for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and blood tests. Least significant change was applied to identify clinically meaningful BMD changes. Cyclists completed a follow-up sport-specific questionnaire and clinical interview to ascertain adherence to the interventions.ResultsThe questionnaire and clinical interview categorised behaviour changes as positive, negative or unchanged. Positive changes in nutrition and skeletal loading were associated with a statistically significant increase of 2.0% in lumbar spine BMD; 7 of 11 cyclists’ increases were clinically meaningful. Negative changes in both behaviours were associated with a significant decrease of 2.7% in lumbar BMD; all nine cyclists’ BMD decreases were clinically meaningful. Regarding performance, taking account of functional threshold power, changes in nutritional behaviour accounted for gains or losses of 95 British Cycling racing points. Cyclists reported psychological barriers to change in behaviours, specifically fear of negatively impacting performance.ConclusionsEducational nutritional and skeletal loading interventions can improve bone health, well-being and race performance in male cyclists over a 6-month race season. Psychological support may be required to help some athletes change behaviour.
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Rosa Grazia, Bellomo, Saggini Raoul, and Barbato Claudia. "Improving “quality of life” through exercise and proper nutrition." Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy 7, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jsmt.1001057.

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In line with what is defined by W.H.O. (World Health Organization) the objective of the work is to observe and define the interconnection between a healthy lifestyle and the quality of life perceived by people. For this purpose, 30 healthy subjects, who had never practiced sports at a competitive level, were recruited. All individuals were evaluated at T0 and T1 through clinical evaluation and specific functional tests to define the psycho-physical well-being of the person. For three months they were followed with a personalized diet. Subjects were divided into two randomized groups: group A called experimental that followed the protocol for the duration of the study, and group B said evaluation group that performed only evaluations at the same time as group A. both groups were evaluated twice, the first immediately after the last training session, the second evaluation was performed after 30 days from the first. The objective of the project was to analyze, after three months, the cognitive changes in memory and concentration skills, stress experienced at work or study, and psycho-physical well-being perceived by interested parties. The data collected during the evaluations showed that the interconnection between a healthy lifestyle and the quality of life perceived by people is evident.
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Conway, Justin J., Brett G. Toresdahl, Daphne I. Ling, Nicole T. Boniquit, Lisa R. Callahan, and James J. Kinderknecht. "Prevalence of Inadequate Immunity to Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella in MLB and NBA Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 5 (May 24, 2018): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118777726.

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Background: Multiple outbreaks of vaccine-preventable viral diseases have occurred in professional sports in recent years. Currently, there is no established protocol for vaccination or immunity screening for professional athletes. Hypothesis: There are significant differences in the prevalence of inadequate immunity dependent on age, sport, country of birth, and participation in collegiate sports. Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A sample of Major League Baseball (MLB) and National Basketball Association (NBA) players were screened for serologic evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella prior to the 2015 and 2016 seasons. The results were designated as adequate (immune) or inadequate (equivocal or nonimmune) based on laboratory criteria. Comparison with an age-matched control group was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results: A total of 98 athletes (62 MLB, 36 NBA) were screened. The prevalence of inadequate immunity for any virus was 35.5% in MLB players and 33.3% in NBA players. There was a significantly greater risk of inadequate immunity to rubella (risk ratio, 6.38; P < 0.01) and varicella (risk ratio, 4.21; P < 0.01) in athletes compared with the age-matched NHANES population. Our analysis did not reveal differences in rates of immunity based on sport, country of birth (US born vs international), or participation in college athletics. There was a lower rate of inadequate immunity to varicella with increasing age (odds ratio, 0.72; P = 0.05). Conclusion: One-third of athletes studied had inadequate immunity to 1 of the 4 viruses tested. Younger players had a significantly greater risk of inadequate immunity to varicella. Birth outside the US and lack of participation in college athletics were not found to influence immunity rates. Clinical Relevance: These results can inform the development of future screening programs to prevent outbreaks of viral infections in professional athletes.
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Klein, Jeffrey D., Lloyd A. Hey, Chun Sing Yu, Barbi B. Klein, Frank J. Coufal, Edmond P. Young, Lawrence F. Marshall, and Steven R. Garfin. "Perioperative Nutrition and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery." Spine 21, no. 22 (November 1996): 2676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199611150-00018.

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Facer-Childs, E. R., S. P. Drummond, and S. W. Rajaratnam. "0204 The Impact of Sleep on Well-Being and Diurnal Performance in Elite Australian Football League Athletes." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.202.

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Abstract Introduction The ultimate goal in the sports world is achieving optimal health and continuous high-level performance through an adequate balance of training load and recovery e.g. rehab, nutrition, well being and sleep. Athletes often encounter situations that negatively impact their ability to sleep well, disrupt their biological rhythms and increase mental stress e.g. late competition times, travel and high training load. Therefore, there is a need to increase our understanding of how individual variability could be impacting recovery and performance in elite sports. Methods This study examined the relationships between individual sleep and circadian patterns, well-being and performance variables in Australian Football League (AFL) athletes. Actigraphy combined with daily sleep diaries were used to gather objective sleep data over a period of 14 days. Performance tests were conducted in the morning (between 07:00 - 08:00am) and afternoon (between 14:00 - 15:00) on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 14. Performance measures included a strength test (force plate jump), a skilled based accuracy test (goal kicking) and a reaction time test (psychomotor vigilance task). Results Preliminary results show that sleep and circadian parameters differed significantly between individuals and were correlated with measures of well-being and diurnal performance. Conclusion The Australian Football League (AFL) is one of the largest growing sports industries in Australia and New Zealand with annual revenues reaching a billion dollars. These findings add to the growing literature showing how sleep impacts performance in elite athletes and highlights the need to take sleep and time of day into account. This is of critical importance to the global sports industry, who are constantly seeking marginal gains. Support n/a
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Qin, Lili, Tianfeng Lu, Yao Qin, Yiwei He, Ningxin Cui, Ai Du, and Jingyu Sun. "In Vivo Effect of Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Relieve Physical Fatigue for Sports Nutrition Supplements." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225302.

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Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural flavonoid polyphenol compound extracted from the plants which shows various biological activities. However, the clinical application of RSV is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. In this study, resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RSV- SLNs) was design as a nano-antioxidant against the physical fatigue. The resultant RSV-SLNs were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy pattern. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-fatigue effect assays showed that RSV-SLNs prolonged the mice exhausted time and running distance. The biochemical parameters of blood related to fatigue suggested that RSV-SLNs have potential applications to improve the antioxidant defense of the mice after extensive exercise and confer anti-fatigue capability. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant by RSV-SLNs supplementation was investigated through the analysis of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which demonstrated that it could downregulate the expression of SIRT1 and increase autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). These results reveal that the RSV-SLNs may have great potential used as a novel anti-fatigue sports nutritional supplement.
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Cederholm, T., G. L. Jensen, M. I. T. D. Correia, M. C. Gonzalez, R. Fukushima, T. Higashiguchi, G. Baptista, et al. "GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 10, no. 1 (February 2019): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12383.

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Puvanesarajah, Varun, Amit Jain, Khaled Kebaish, Christopher I. Shaffrey, Daniel M. Sciubba, Rafael De la Garza-Ramos, Akhil Jay Khanna, and Hamid Hassanzadeh. "Poor Nutrition Status and Lumbar Spine Fusion Surgery in the Elderly." SPINE 42, no. 13 (July 2017): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001969.

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Ukogu, Chierika O., Samantha Jacobs, Willliam A. Ranson, Sulaiman Somani, Luilly Vargas, Nathan J. Lee, John Di Capua, Jun S. Kim, Khushdeep S. Vig, and Samuel K. Cho. "Preoperative Nutritional Status as a Risk Factor for Major Postoperative Complications Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion." Global Spine Journal 8, no. 7 (March 18, 2018): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568218760540.

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Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: To determine rates of medical and surgical postoperative complications in adults with hypoalbuminemia undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database of patients (≥18 years old) undergoing ALIF procedures, identified by CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) code from 2011 to 2014. Poor nutritional status was defined by a preoperative serum albumin level <3.5 g/dL, and albumin levels above this were considered normal. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to assess preoperative risk factors including nutritional status as predictors of specific postoperative complications. Significance was defined as P < .05 and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). This model was used to determine the strength of nutritional status as an adjusted predictor of adverse postoperative events. Results: There were 3184 ALIF cases, including 1,275 (40%) of which had preoperative serum albumin levels. 53 (4.15%) patients were classified as having poor nutrition status. Poor preoperative nutritional status was shown to be a strong independent predictor of length of stay ≥5 days (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.43-4.59, P = .002), urinary tract infection (OR = 5.93, 95% CI 2.11-16.68, P = .001), and sepsis (OR = 5.35, 95% CI 1.13-25.42, P = .035) compared to patients with normal preoperative serum albumin levels. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that patients with poor nutritional status before ALIF are independently at risk for sepsis as well as increased length of stay and urinary tract infection.
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Sato, Tsutomu, Yoshitaka Fukuzawa, Satoshi Kawakami, Megumi Suzuki, Yoshinori Tanaka, Hayato Terayama, and Kou Sakabe. "The Onset of Dental Erosion Caused by Food and Drinks and the Preventive Effect of Alkaline Ionized Water." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103440.

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In recent years, the incidence of dental erosion caused by the ingestion of acidic foods and drinks, including sports drinks, has been increasing in Japan and elsewhere. Therefore, the problems associated with this injury can no longer be ignored in dental clinical practice. The ingestion of these foods and drinks is important from the viewpoint of overall health and disease prevention. For example, fermented foods, such as Japanese pickles, enhance the nutritional value of foodstuffs and promote the absorption of nutrients into the body, and sports drinks are useful for preventing heat stroke and dehydration. Therefore, eliminating these intakes is not a viable solution. In this paper, we outline the mechanism of dental erosion caused by acidic beverages and also describe the effectiveness of alkaline ionized water (AIW) at preventing acid erosion. Given the fact that the complete elimination of acidic beverage consumption is highly unlikely, remedies such as the use of alkaline ionized water (AIW) may be helpful.
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Horoshko, V. I. "MYOFASCIAL NECK PAIN SYNDROME IN WRESTLING ATHLETES: PREVENTION AND RECOVERY." Клінічна та профілактична медицина 3, no. 21 (August 23, 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.3(21).2022.06.

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Abstract. Early sports specialization, increased professional load, technical complexity of motor elements, lack of adequate means of rehabilitation in the training process have become the main triggers in the emergence of MNPS. The aim of the study was to study the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations and development of the etiological system of treatment of cervical myofascial pain in the absence of actual organic pathology of the spine. Promising treatment is the use of reflexology. Effects of reflexology: analgesia, psychiatric (depression, sedation), nutrition, recovery, muscle relaxation. Conclusions: Athletes are mainly characterized by pain in the muscles that provide static work, as well as different options for the distribution of MNPS, depending on the sport. The upper and lower extremities are involved in performing active motor functions characteristic of sports. In general, local symptoms of pain were observed in 52.5% of athletes, and common - in 40.6%. At the same time, MNPS was most common in 63.4% of cases of cervical wrestlers and 58.4% of cases of lumbosacral region; in athletes, the development of myofascial disorders increases the bioelectrical activity of muscles at rest; Athletes with common symptoms have reduced control processes in the central nervous system [1]. It is characterized by an increase in multisynaptic reflex excitability at the level of the brain stem; emotional disorders in athletes in the presence of myofascial pain are characteristic in the presence of the third stage of the pathological process; the occurrence of general symptoms of MNPS according to the study leads to an increase in the average time of sensorimotor response, deterioration of motor processes and increased fatigue when performing a series of tests; MNPS treatment, which includes reflexology and PIR programs based on clinical and instrumental studies, significantly improves the athlete's condition during 12 months of follow-up.
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Aruoma, Okezie I. "Free radicals and antioxidant strategies in sports." Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 5, no. 8 (August 1994): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(94)90055-8.

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Choi, Jihoon T., Brandon Yoshida, Omid Jalali, and George F. Hatch. "Malnutrition in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Review of the Current Literature." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120926168.

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Context: Malnutrition is well-studied in various aspects of the orthopaedic literature, most commonly in relation to arthroplasty, spine surgery, and trauma. However, the management of nutritional deficiencies is commonly overlooked among orthopaedic sports medicine providers. The purpose of this article is to analyze the available sports medicine literature to review the associations between malnutrition and the management of orthopaedic sports medicine patients from a treatment and performance standpoint. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was searched for relevant articles published from 1979 to 2019. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Few studies exist on the implications of macronutrient deficiencies specific to orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Interestingly, micronutrient disorders—namely, hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency—have been well studied and may lead to worse postoperative outcomes, injury rates, and athletic performance. Nutritional supplementation to correct such deficiencies has been shown to mitigate these effects, though further study is required. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiencies are highly prevalent in orthopaedic sports medicine patients, and practitioners should be aware of their potential effects on treatment and performance outcomes. Management of such deficiencies and their effect on surgical patients remain an area of potential future research. Future studies are warranted in order to explore the potential therapeutic role of nutritional supplementation to prevent complications after common orthopaedic sports medicine procedures, improve athletic performance, and reduce injury rates.
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Pushkina, T. A., E. S. Tokaev, T. S. Popova, A. T. Murashev, N. S. Tropskaya, E. A. Kislyakova, I. G. Shashkova, and A. V. Zherebtsov. "Non-clinical studies of the effectiveness of specialized sports nutrition product for correction of physical efficiency and psycho-physiological condition during intensive loads." Sports Medicine: Research and Practice 3 (December 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2223-2524.2017.3.5.

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Tokaev, E. S., T. A. Pushkina, E. A. Nekrasov, I. S. Krasnova, and A. A. Khasanov. "Clinical evaluation of effectiveness of new product of specialized sports nutrition for correction of psychophysiological state and neuromuscular transmission in highly qualified athletes." Sports medicine: research and practice 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2022): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.4.

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The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the specialized product Fit Tonus for correcting the psychophysiological state and neuromuscular transmission in highly qualified athletes.Materials and methods: the objects of research were: specialized product of sports nutrition for correcting the psychophysiological state and neuromuscular transmission Fit Tonus; 21 male martial arts athletes aged 14 to 25 years. The researches were carried out in accordance with official and conventional techniques. Body temperature, breathing rate, blood pressure level, heart rate was determined, heart rate variability, ECG, external breathing, O2 intake, total urine test, clinical blood test, biochemical blood indices were evaluated, water sectors of the body, body skinny weight, body fat weight were determined. Full-function cardiopulmonary analysis was performed using the Meta Lyzer 3B inpatient cardio-respiratory loading diagnostic system (Cortex Medical, Germany). Maximum oxygen consumption was determined by a Cosomed metabolograph (Italy). Biochemical parameters (bilirubin, ACT, ALT, urea, uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, HGT, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine) were examined on a Humalyzer biochemical analyzer. Water sectors of the body, the value of skinny body weight and fat body weight were determined on an analyzer for assessing the balance of water sectors of the body (Medass, Russia).Results: in the analysis of biochemical blood values, the blood levels of indicator enzymes and their isoforms were normalized in a short time, despite high training loads. This fact reflects the adaptation of the athlete’s body to high-intensity physical activity when taking the Fit Tone product. The obtained results of the increase in GUS, FFV and Tiffno test indicate an increase in both functional capabilities and functional abilities of the external breathing system, as well as an increase in the efficiency of the respiratory center in athletes who received the tested product. The effectiveness of the test product is confirmed by the results of dynamic and stress samples in a stabilometric study. Results of examination of psychophysical status of single wrestlers showed that during usage of developed product such indicators as performance, vegetative coefficient, dynamism, speed of movement, accuracy of actions, stability of actions are significantly increased. At the same time, the level of fatigue and anxiety is reliably reduced.Conclusions: the results of the researches performed showed that the product developed demonstrated efficacy for most of the parameters under research in the main group compared to the control (placebo).
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