Academic literature on the topic 'Clinical diagnostic condition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Clinical diagnostic condition"
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Al Mosawi, Aamir Jalal. "Advancing clinical genetics diagnostic skills: Cherubism." Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/009.
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Background: Cherubism is a very rare, mostly a childhood condition that can be horribly disfiguring. We have previously reported our extensive experiences with the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders in a plethora of publications. We have previously reported a large number of rare conditions in Iraq, and we have also helped physicians in the diagnosis and publication of rare syndromes observed in other countries. The aim of this papers is to help physicians in advancing the diagnostic skills in the field of clinical genetics by reviewing briefly a rare syndrome that have not been reported in Iraq, but it is associated with certain clinical characteristics that allow an early diagnosis when seen for the first time. Patients and methods: During the last week of January, 2021, several TV channels presented and discussed the problem of two brothers from Egypt who were considered to have a very rare poorly defined condition that has been associated with progressive disfigurement which resulted in embarrassing social encounters. The cases of the two brothers are presented. Results: The older brother aged 15 and the younger brother aged 14 years. Both had abnormal bilateral and symmetric growth of the jaw resulting in a wide jaw appearance and a round and swollen appearance of cheeks. They also had no teeth on the lower jaw and loose or misplaced teeth on the upper jaw. The parents and a third brother were unaffected. Both children didn’t have mental retardation. The older brother had more severe disfigurement, and many people were asking him to remove the mask he is wearing. He also had very poor vision of left eye resulting from the pressure effect and upward displacement of the eye. The younger brother had a surgical operation to remove a benign tumor from the lower jaw which reduced his disfigurement. Conclusion: Awareness of doctors with this condition “Cherubism” is helpful, and denosumab can be tried in severe cases based on the evidence provided by Bar Droma et al (2020).
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Rather, Suhail Raheem, and Hina Kounsar. "Diagnostic Criteria in Dermatology." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230207.
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Diagnostic criteria are defined as group of features that can collectively be used to diagnose a condition. Diagnostic criteria are used for diagnosing those skin conditions that have heterogenous presentation and do not have a single specific clinical, laboratory or pathological feature. Keywords: Diagnostic criteria, Atopic Dermatitis, Sweets Syndrome, Pyoderma Gangrenosum
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Sukumaran, Anju, and John Buchlis. "Key Diagnostic Finding in a Condition with Variable Clinical Presentations." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415463.
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This is an interesting case series on a very common genetic condition which are often diagnosed late as clinical signs are inconspicuous. We would like to highlight the principal clinical examination finding which led to diagnosis.
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Keo, Hong H., Silvia B. Gretener, and Daniel Staub. "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of lymphedema." Vasa 46, no. 4 (June 1, 2017): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000622.
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Abstract. Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive, and common but often unrecognized condition. The diagnosis of lymphatic disease on clinical grounds alone remains a challenge. Without proper diagnosis, therapy is often delayed, allowing disease progression. There is a need for a practical diagnostic algorithm and its imaging technique to guide clinical decision-making. The aim of this topical review is to provide a practical approach for assessing patients with suspected lymphedema and to give a critical appraisal of currently available imaging modalities that are applied in clinical practice to diagnose and map lymphatic disease.
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Usmonov, Sanjar, and Elyorbek Usmonov. "TINNITUS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND TREATMENT ASPECTS." Frontline Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2025): 21–23. https://doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-05-01-04.
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Tinnitus, commonly described as ringing, buzzing, or hissing in the ears, is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the population. It can arise from various etiological factors, including noise exposure, age-related hearing loss, ototoxic medications, and underlying pathological conditions. Clinically, tinnitus presents with varying degrees of severity, ranging from a mild nuisance to a debilitating condition that impacts quality of life. The pathological mechanisms involve abnormalities in auditory pathways, neural plasticity, and dysfunction of the central nervous system. Current treatment approaches include sound therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacological interventions, and emerging neuromodulation techniques. Understanding the clinical, pathological, and treatment aspects of tinnitus is crucial for developing effective management strategies and improving patient outcomes. This article explores the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and contemporary treatment modalities to enhance clinical interventions for individuals affected by tinnitus.
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Bossuyt, Patrick MM, Johannes B. Reitsma, Kristian Linnet, and Karel GM Moons. "Beyond Diagnostic Accuracy: The Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Tests." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 1636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.182576.
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Abstract Like any other medical technology or intervention, diagnostic tests should be thoroughly evaluated before their introduction into daily practice. Increasingly, decision makers, physicians, and other users of diagnostic tests request more than simple measures of a test's analytical or technical performance and diagnostic accuracy; they would also like to see testing lead to health benefits. In this last article of our series, we introduce the notion of clinical utility, which expresses—preferably in a quantitative form—to what extent diagnostic testing improves health outcomes relative to the current best alternative, which could be some other form of testing or no testing at all. In most cases, diagnostic tests improve patient outcomes by providing information that can be used to identify patients who will benefit from helpful downstream management actions, such as effective treatment in individuals with positive test results and no treatment for those with negative results. We describe how comparative randomized clinical trials can be used to estimate clinical utility. We contrast the definition of clinical utility with that of the personal utility of tests and markers. We show how diagnostic accuracy can be linked to clinical utility through an appropriate definition of the target condition in diagnostic-accuracy studies.
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Mitronin, A. V., D. A. Ostanina, and Yu A. Mitronin. "Review of the modern pulp condition diagnosis." Endodontics Today 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-1-42-45.
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The review gives a contemporary notion about vital pulp minimally invasive diagnosis of temporary and permanent teeth. The latest information in Russian and foreign articles concerning new diagnostic methods that were proposed to increase diagnostic reliability is given in present review. The authors analysed advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic tools, studied their clinical effectiveness and made a conclusion about the possibility of predicting the status of pulses in the long term.
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Pokharel, Bishnu, Rosan Prasad Shah Kalawar, and Guru Prasad Khanal. "Meralgia paresthetica – Solving the diagnostic dilemma." International Journal of Biomedical Research 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v9i3.4642.
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Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) is a clinical syndrome produced by entrapment mono-neuropathy of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). It classically presents as numbness, paresthesia or dysesthesia of anterolateral aspect of thigh but sometime it may mimic conditions like lumbar radiculopathy, femoro-acetabular impingement, trochanteric bursitis, etc. Since it has wide spectrum of clinical presentation, it should be the diagnosis of exclusion when causes of anterolateral thigh pain is not explained by other known causes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of this clinical condition with the emphasis on various clinical presentations and anatomical variations of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Different methods of diagnosis and treatment are also explored and discussed in this paper.
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García, Francisco Javier Sánchez, Jorge Alberto de Haro Estrada, and Herman Michael Dittmar Johnson. "PELVIC INSUFFICIENCY: UNDERDIAGNOSED CONDITION, THERAPEUTIC DIAGNOSTIC REVIEW." Coluna/Columna 17, no. 2 (June 2018): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120181702190995.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The importance of sacral fractures has recently been recognized. However, its diagnosis is difficult, both clinically and through image, but there are more options for comprehensive diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a literature review about its diagnosis and the treatments currently offered, and also to check which treatments had the best results. Results: Patients with pelvic insufficiency have limited mobility due to lumbar or pelvic pain. As radiculopathy is a neurologically stable condition, it has a reported incidence of only 5% and sphincter disorders. The pain improves when lying down and increases with load. The treatments vary from conservative to surgical. Discussion: The different treatments were compared, and the one that has more morbidity is the conservative, because it predisposes us to complications (pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, heart failure, decubitus ulcers); in the interventionists we observe a faster improvement to normal activity of these patients, the complications are minor and the pain improvement is noticeable and much faster. Conclusion: Fractures due to pelvic insufficiency are underdiagnosed. However, there are already better imaging techniques and combined with good exploration and clinical history we can suspect this condition and offer the best possible treatment, these being the invasive ones that have had better results with lower morbidity and recovery of activity much more quickly. Level of Evidence III; Review of therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
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Ouali, A. El, I. Bounnite, S. Moussaoui, M. Labied, C. Mountassir, G. Lembarki, M. Sabiri, and S. Lezar. "CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES OF KARTAGENER SYNDROME." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 06 (June 30, 2024): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18954.
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Kartagener syndrome (KS) is an uncommon autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the triad of bronchiectasis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and situs inversus. It is a specific phenotype within the spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a condition involving dysfunctional ciliary motility. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management of the associated respiratory complications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clinical diagnostic condition"
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Badila, Kouendolo Diaz Patrice. "Indices d'amélioration dans les conditions de la vie quotidienne chez les déments vu par les soignants." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20146.
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La maladie d’Alzheimer et les pathologies apparentées, en évoluant génèrent une altération de l’état général, et une dépendance générale. Le patient, dont les capacités d’adaptation sont altérées par la maladie risque, à tous les stades de la maladie de réagir par des troubles du comportement. Ce sont ces troubles qui le conduisent généralement à entrer en institution spécialisée. L’institution doit alors prendre en charge la dépendance physique et psychique du patient. Elle doit, mettre en place une prévention des complications de la maladie. Avec parmi celles-ci les manifestations comportementales perturbantes. Cela nécessite à la fois des équipes spécialement formées et des établissements ou des unités de soins adaptés à cette prise en charge spécifique. Cette thèse tente de répondre à une question simple : sur quoi s’appuient au quotidien les soignants pour parler d’ « amélioration » ou d’ « aggravation », sans recourir à l’évaluation avec des tests en condition standard ? Et cela, en sachant que les conditions standard qui sont valides pour la recherche, sont des conditions artificielles qui ne permettent pas de caractériser toutes les potentialités des malades. Le présent travail, effectué dans une unité spécialisée, a pour objectif de tenter de décoder ce qui détermine subjectivement le jugement des soignants à partir d’une analyse de leur discours dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs. Ce discours a successivement fait l’objet d’une analyse informatique au moyen du logiciel « Alceste » puis d’une analyse thématique de contenu, dite : « manuelle ». Les résultats de ces deux analyses sont exposés en miroir de ceux des tests « standards » (MMS ; GDS ; NPI/ES ZARIT). Tests qui ont permis de distinguer quels patients, d’un point de vue classique, avaient été stables, mais aussi s’étaient améliorés ou aggravés en six mois. La seconde analyse a permis de mettre très explicitement en évidence que les préoccupations dominantes des soignants portaient sur des éléments descriptifs. C’est-à-dire sur les tâches qu’ils ont à faire matériellement. Il apparait que pour les soignants la notion d’amélioration ou d’aggravation du malade est en résumé associée à la charge de travail que son état implique. Cela, avec entre autres des références aux conduites gênantes et aux problèmes médicaux. On observe de plus que le patient est peu considéré comme un sujet auquel s’identifier. Des facteurs psychologiques peuvent cependant être envisagés par les soignants lorsqu’il s’agit d’expliquer certaines conduites perturbantesThe Alzheimer's disease and the related pathologies, by evolving, generate a change of the the overall condition of the patient, and a general dependence. The patient, whose capacities of adaptation are affected by the disease risks, in all the stages of the disease, to react by behavior disorders. It is these disorders which lead him generally to enter specialized institution.The institution then has to take care of the physical and psychic dependence of the patient. She owes to set up a prevention of the complications of the disease. With among these the disturbing behavioral manifestations. It requires at the same time specially trained teams and establishments or units of care adapted to this specific management.This thesis tries to answer a simple question: on what base themselves, on a daily basis, the nursing to speak about "improvement" or about "worsening", without using of the evaluation with tests in standard condition?And these, by knowing that the standard conditions which are valid for the search, are artificial conditions which do not allow to characterize all the potentialities of the disease.The present work, made in a specialized unit, aims to decode what determines subjectively the assessment of the nursing from an analysis of their discourse within semi-directive discussions.This discourse was successively the object of an IT analysis by the software "Alceste", then a thematic analysis of contents, called: "manual".The results of these two analyses are mirrored with those of the "standard" tests (MMS; GDS; NPI/ES ZARIT). Tests which allowed to distinguish which patients, from a classic point of view, had been stable, but also had improved or deteriorated in six months.The second analysis allowed to highlight very explicitly that the dominant concerns of the nursing was about descriptive elements. That is on the tasks which they have to do materially.It seems that for the nursing the notion of improvement or worsening of the patient is, in summary, correlated to the workload it involves. Due, among others, to the annoying behavior and to the medical problems…We observe, furthermore, that the patient is a bit considered as a subject in which become identified. Psychological factors can be however envisaged by the nursing when it is a question of explaining certain disturbing behavior
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Van, Rensburg C. J. "Identification of clinically-informative biomarkers within the spectrum of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the South African population." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1150.
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Cumin, Julie. "“An Art, Not a Science” : how do experienced clinicians differentiate autism from psychiatric conditions in adult women?" Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24392.
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Introduction. Les femmes autistes sans déficience intellectuelle ni retard du langage ont une meilleure motivation sociale et des capacités langagières plus typiques que leurs homologues masculins. Ceci pourrait expliquer le sous-diagnostic des femmes autistes. Paradoxalement, l’autisme pourrait être surdiagnostiqué chez des populations psychiatriques avec des difficultés sociales. En effet, les critères de diagnostic demeurent assez larges, et cette condition relativement moins stigmatisée que plusieurs troubles psychiatriques. Il existe peu de directives pour les cliniciens hésitant à attribuer les difficultés adaptatives des femmes à (1) de l’autisme, (2) une condition psychiatrique, ou (3) les deux.
Les aspects qualitatifs de cette condition, absents des manuels de diagnostic, sont systématiquement identifiés par les cliniciens rompus à l’exercice du diagnostic de l’autisme. Ainsi, notre étude vise à mieux caractériser les difficultés liées à l’évaluation des femmes adultes pour un diagnostic d’autisme, ainsi que les traits, comportements et outils spécifiques utilisés pour différencier l’autisme de conditions psychiatriques.
Méthodes. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été effectués avec 20 psychiatres et psychologues experts en diagnostic de l’autisme chez les femmes, dans 7 pays différents. La méthode Framework a permis de révéler des thèmes adressant nos objectifs de recherche.
Résultats. Selon nos participants, les femmes autistes semblaient avoir appris certaines contingences sociales leur permettant de paraître plus typique, et la question du diagnostic différentiel se posait souvent. Les cliniciens effectuaient donc des entretiens flexibles et longs, et validaient les informations apportées par la personne. Plusieurs des traits cités comme indicatifs de l’autisme reflétaient une connaissance clinique de l’autisme. Le trauma, ainsi que le trouble de personnalité limite, étaient considérés comme particulièrement difficiles à départager de l’autisme.
Conclusion. L’évaluation pour autisme chez les femmes adultes présente des problématiques particulières que les cliniciens adressent en utilisant des boites à outils individuelles. Chez cette population, une capacité à proposer des pistes alternatives chez les personnes non-autistes s’étant auto-identifiées au spectre est primordiale.Introduction. Autistic women present with greater social motivation and more typical language abilities than their male counterparts, leaving them vulnerable to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis. Paradoxically, there is concern about potential overdiagnosis of autism in psychiatric populations presenting with social difficulties, as diagnostic criteria remain relatively vague and autism less stigmatizing than many psychiatric conditions. Little guidance exists to guide clinicians when deciding whether to attribute adaptative difficulties in adult women to (1) autism, (2) a psychiatric condition, or (3) both. Research suggests that autism is best reliably identified by expert clinicians having been exposed to a high number of autism cases, who notice qualitative aspects of the condition not included in diagnostic manuals. Thus, we aimed to better characterize the difficulties faced by clinicians in assessing adult women for autism, and the traits, behaviors and tools used to differentiate between autism and psychiatric conditions. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 psychiatrists and psychologists from 7 different countries, experienced in autism diagnosis of adult women. The Framework Method was used to reveal themes relevant to our research goals. Results. According to participants, autistic women had learned certain social contingencies allowing them to appear more typical, which made differential diagnosis a frequent question. Clinicians recommended long, flexible assessments, and validating the information volunteered by the person. Many traits cited as indicative of autism reflected a clinical knowledge of autism. Trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder were cited as particularly difficult to differentiate from autism. Conclusion. Evaluating for autism in adult women presents with singular challenges which clinicians address using individual toolboxes. In this population, it may be crucial to have the capacity to offer alternative avenues for non-autistic people having self-identified with the spectrum.
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Ribeiro, Isabel Patrícia Magalhães. "Implicações da COVID-19 no estado de saúde oral." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10572.
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No contexto da pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, em 2020 foram implementadas medidas para uma gestão controlada da propagação de contágio, minimizando ao máximo o risco de transmissão do vírus.
A Direção Geral da Saúde legislou normas e recomendações que conduziram à interrupção da atividade nos consultórios e clínicas de medicina dentária em março daquele ano, e à retoma daquela atividade dois meses depois. Em que, para além das precauções universais, recomendou-se a adoção de medidas que assegurem a proteção pelo contágio através de gotículas e aerossóis contaminados. Esta doença é de fácil e rápido contágio, visto que a sua principal via de transmissão é por contacto direto com gotículas salivares portadoras do vírus.
Os resultados desta revisão revelaram que as principais alterações orais associadas á COVID-19 são os distúrbios do paladar, xerostomia e ulcerações. Diversas manifestações orais foram observadas, contudo, não há evidências suficientes que comprovem uma relação de causalidade com a infeção por COVID-19. As implicações da COVID-19 no estado de saúde oral assentam na privação no acesso aos cuidados de saúde oral na fase de mitigação da COVID-19, o subdiagnóstico das manifestações orais na fase inicial da pandemia, e atualmente, desconhece-se uma associação cientificamente consistente entre a COVID-19 e as manifestações orais da doença.In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in 2020 measures were implemented for a controlled management of the spread of contagion, minimizing the risk of virus transmission as much as possible. The General Directorate of Health legislated norms and recommendations that led to the interruption of activity in dental offices and clinics in March of that year, and the resumption of that activity two months later. In which, in addition to universal precautions, the adoption of measures to ensure protection from contagion through contaminated droplets and aerosols was recommended. This disease is easy and fast to spread, as its main transmission route is through direct contact with salivary droplets carrying the virus. The results of this review revealed that the main oral alterations associated with COVID-19 are taste disturbances, xerostomia and ulcerations. Several oral manifestations were observed, however, there is insufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship with COVID-19 infection. The implications of COVID-19 in the oral health status are based on the deprivation of access to oral health care in the mitigation phase of COVID-19, the underdiagnosis of oral manifestations in the initial phase of the pandemic, and currently, a scientific association is unknown. consistent between COVID-19 and the oral manifestations of the disease.
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VRZALOVÁ, Monika. "Role sestry ve screeningu deprese u seniorů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260905.
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The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.
Books on the topic "Clinical diagnostic condition"
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Field, Michael. The renal system: [basic science and clinical conditions]. Edinburgh: Harcourt Publishers, 2001.
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Fish, Jessica, Shai Betteridge, and Barbara A. Wilson. Rare Conditions, Diagnostic Challenges, and Controversies in Clinical Neuropsychology. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228226.
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Weinstock, Michael B. The resident's guide to ambulatory care: Frequently encountered and commonly confused clinical conditions. 2nd ed. Columbus, OH: Anadem, 1996.
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Samoylova, Yuliya, Oksana Oleynik, Mariya Matveeva, Irina Vorozhcova, Margarita Kovarenko, Elena Gorlbatenko, Tat'yana Sivolobova, Dar'ya Podchinenova, and Marina Koshmeleva. Clinical endocrinology of children and adolescents: in 2 parts Part 2. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1077797.
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The textbook highlights the main pathological conditions in pediatric endocrinology, as well as their diagnosis and treatment. The materials for self-control and situational tasks are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students, students of the postgraduate professional education system, pediatric endocrinologists, pediatricians, endocrinologists, internists and general practitioners.
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Kjetil, Søreide, and Søiland Håvard, eds. Clinical, genetic, and molecular precursor features in colorectal neoplasia. New York: Nova Science, 2008.
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Frazier, Margaret Schell. Essentials of human diseases and conditions. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.
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Frazier, Margaret Schell. Essentials of human diseases and conditions. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.
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COMADEM 90 (Conference) (Brunel University). Condition monitoring and diagnostic engineering management. Edited by Rao, Raj B. K. N., Au Joe, and Griffiths Brian. Chapman and Hall, 1990.
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Markman, John D. Diagnostic and Clinical Scales for Peripheral Neuropathy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0120.
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Due to the absence of a definitive pathological finding, objective biomarker, or imaging correlate, neuropathic pain syndromes may be graded as possible or probable depending on the results of neurological assessment. It is important to acknowledge the diagnostic uncertainty inherent in such a grading system based on probability in a condition for which there is no “gold standard” upon which to base validation studies. Neuropathic pain is a multidimensional entity, and specific syndromes may have distinct sensory profiles (i.e. different combinations of sensory signs and symptoms). Clinical suspicion for an underlying neuropathic mechanism increases when pain is characterized by features such as numbness, paresthesias, and allodynia and when the symptoms are generally resistant to standard over-the-counter and prescribed analgesics. In this chapter a variety pain scales are reviewed.
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Adebajo, Ade, and Lisa Dunkley. Polyarticular disease. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0009.
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Polyarticular disease is a commonly encountered musculoskeletal problem which regularly confronts clinicians as a diagnostic dilemma. Polyarticular disease is a musculoskeletal presentation in which more than four joints are affected by the disease. The classical rheumatological condition which presents as polyarticular disease is rheumatoid arthritis, although even this condition can very occasionally present with a mono- or oligoarticular onset. Polyarticular disease includes a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions including such disorders as polyarticular gout, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, rheumatic fever, and systemic lupus erythematosus. This chapter emphasizes how through a careful history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigations, a definitive diagnosis can be made in a patient presenting clinically with polyarticular disease. General management principles for patients with polyarticular disease are also provided.
Book chapters on the topic "Clinical diagnostic condition"
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Tetikkurt, Cuneyt. "Neurosarcoidosis." In Sarcoidosis, 75–80. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359128.11.
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Neurosarcoidosis, a rare and complex manifestation of sarcoidosis, presents unique challenges in both diagnosis and management. This condition involves the central nervous system (CNS), encompassing a spectrum of neurological manifestations ranging from cranial neuropathies and meningitis to more severe complications such as seizures, cognitive impairment, and spinal cord dysfunction. This chapter delves into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic considerations, and treatment approaches specific to neurosarcoidosis.
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Tetikkurt, Cuneyt. "Cardiac Sarcoidosis." In Sarcoidosis, 69–73. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359128.10.
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Among the myriad presentations of sarcoidosis, cardiac involvement stands as a formidable challenge due to its potential for devastating consequences. Cardiac sarcoidosis manifests variably, from asymptomatic conduction abnormalities to life-threatening arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. This chapter explores the nuanced aspects of cardiac sarcoidosis, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies. Highlighting the importance of early detection and comprehensive management, we navigate through the complexities of this condition to enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient quality of life.
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Weiss, Noel S. "Diagnostic and Screening Tests." In Clinical Epidemiology, 28–45. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195305234.003.0003.
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Abstract Ordering or performing a diagnostic or screening test can reduce the frequency of disease occurrence (or progression, or complications) only if the test can (a) detect the condition or abnormality before it or its consequences would otherwise be evident, and (b) lead to treatment that is more effective when administered soon after the time of testing than if it were to be administered either later in the natural history of the condition, when the condition or abnormality becomes evident in the absence of testing, or not administered at all.
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Weiss, Noel S. "Diagnostic and Screening Tests." In Clinical Epidemiology, 9–27. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195305234.003.0002.
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Abstract Providers of health care perform tests on a patient largely to obtain information that will influence the management of that patient’s care. If the test is done in response to a symptom, sign, or condition known to be present in the patient, it is referred to as a “diagnostic” test. Tests that are performed in the absence of symptoms or signs in order to identify illnesses at an early stage or to identify predictors of future illness are termed “screening” tests. When you as a provider choose to buy information in the form of the results of diagnostic or screening tests, you do so because you believe that the value of the information exceeds its price. The value of a test result depends both on its accuracy and on how important the result is in leading to action(s) that bear on the individual’s well-being.
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Huda, Ahmed Samei. "The nature of diagnostic constructs." In The Medical Model in Mental Health, 34–52. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807254.003.0003.
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Classification is essential in medicine to help doctors acquire, learn, and recall clinically useful information about problems coming to healthcare professionals’ attention. There problems include both essentialist diagnostic constructs (where all examples share a quality and are distinct from other constructs) and nominalist diagnostic constructs (used to describe clinically useful concepts not necessarily separate from other constructs). Diagnostic constructs may be recognized using defined criteria and/or as prototypical examples. They are based on similarities in clinical picture, mechanisms/processes, and/or causes. They may be used to identify clinically important situations, diseases/clear-cut syndromes, spectrums of health, illness(es)/and condition(s), injuries, and other situations of interest to healthcare professionals. Thresholds established on the basis of clinical utility (e.g. level of distress or risk of complications) may be used to define conditions. Care must be taken to guard against over-medicalization of problems or situations.
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Kühnel Sandra, Jovanovic Milan, Hoffmann Henry, Golde Sabrina, and Hirsch Martin C. "Introduction of a Pathophysiology-Based Diagnostic Decision Support System." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-959-1-235.
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Many current Clinical Decision Support Systems which assist clinical diagnosis, are based on a causal condition-symptom relation. To reach more diagnostic precision Ada's Deep Reasoning is substituting this approach with the use of a model based on pathophysiology.
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Mitchell, Alex J. "How Do We Know When a Screening Test is Clinically Useful?" In Screening for Depression in Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195380194.003.0008.
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There is no shortage of suggested methods to screen for depression, including clinical interviews. Assuming these are applied to a group containing patients with depression and patients without depression, how do we decide which are the optimal methods? In addition, how can tests be compared and how can tests be combined? This chapter discusses the methods used to compared scales and tools. The terms diagnosis and screening both refer to the application of an agreed method to confirm those with a condition and to exclude those without the condition (for discussion see Chapter 2). When attempting to separate depressed versus non-depressed individuals there is always an overlap of symptoms (or biological markers) (see Chapter 1, Fig. 1); therefore, a perfect test based on current tests is unobtainable. Testing may be focused on those at high risk of the condition (such as screening for depression after myocardial infarction) or applied to a wider population (screening for depression in all primary care patients). The former is a high-prevalence setting, which favors the ability to confirm a condition, whereas the latter is a low-prevalence setting, which favors the ability to refute a condition. It is often forgotten that the clinical process of making a diagnosis is a form of screening itself. Here the tool is the clinician’s clinical skill and the sample is all patients seen by the clinician. If a clinician is attuned to the concept of depression, has a high index of suspicion, and asks the right questions, then it is likely he or she will have high personal diagnostic accuracy. If the clinician is unconfident, inexperienced, and untrained, it is less likely that he or she will be able to make a correct diagnosis (see Table 5.1 and Chapter 3). Some literature suggests that the added value of screening tools for depression is apparent only in the latter situation. A diagnostic test for depression is designed to help the clinician elicit and weigh symptoms and signs to make a diagnosis. How, then, is this achieved, and how does a screening test work in scientific terms?
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Huda, Ahmed Samei. "Variability of clinical picture." In The Medical Model in Mental Health, 159–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807254.003.0010.
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Psychiatric diagnostic constructs produce highly variable clinical pictures in patients. Amongst the reasons for this are high rates of co-occurrence of different diagnostic constructs, which themselves are often polythetic in nature. People who meet criteria for a diagnostic construct may have little or even no clinical features in common. These diagnostic constructs rely on people meeting the diagnostic criteria having similar qualities to their condition such as similar likelihoods of outcomes/responses to treatments. These highly variable clinical pictures are seen even when clear disease is involved, such as the dementias. General medical diagnostic constructs can also display highly variable clinical pictures even when clear disease processes have been identified. Polythetic diagnostic criteria decided upon by expert committees are also used for general medical diagnostic constructs which can also result in people meeting the same diagnostic criteria having little in common in their clinical pictures. Co-occurrence is also common in general medicine. Psychological formulation does not have to address the issue of variable clinical pictures. Both symptom-based and dimensional classifications can depict variable clinical pictures more accurately than diagnostic constructs but there are pragmatic issues such as suitability for brief appointments or emergency work.
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Bukowczan, Jakub, Jonathan Murray, Simon HS Pearce, and Rahul Nayar. "Major Diagnostic Pitfall and Challenging Management of a Rare Condition — Pheochromocytoma." In CLINICAL - Adrenal Tumor Cases, P2–666—P2–666. The Endocrine Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part3.p11.p2-666.
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Hall, Angela, Chris Scott, and Matthew Buckland. "Neuroimmunology." In Clinical Immunology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199657650.003.0010.
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This chapter looks into the developments of neuroimmunology. It then explores the diversity and complexity of devastating nervous system impacts of immune-mediated processes involving the curtailment of a neoplasm. The chapter highlights the discovery of highly specific anti-neuronal antibodies that can deliver an invaluable adjunct for diagnosing paraneoplastic syndromes or an underlying tumour. It also includes the clinical features of paraneoplastic syndromes. The chapter emphasizes the need for an early and quick diagnosis and treatment by referencing that paraneoplastic neurological antibodies are good early diagnostic marks. Additionally, it notes the greater chance of stabilizing the condition and preventing further mortality of neuronal cells and permanent disabilities.
Conference papers on the topic "Clinical diagnostic condition"
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Gonzales, Alana, Ruyuan Dong, Ryan Walton Mitstifer, Caitlin Ruhland, Travis Sawyer, Ghassan Mouneimne, and Jennifer Barton. "Optical coherence tomography and elastography for the visualization of architecture and stiffness differences in soft- and stiff-conditioned murine mammary tumors." In Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XXIII, edited by Caroline Boudoux and James W. Tunnell, 22. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3040785.
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Ibrahim, AI, AV Valori, and EM Aderie. "Immunobullous disorder in a 4-month old infant: diagnostic challenges." In MSF Paediatric Days 2022. NYC: MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/v0ej-8d09.
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INTRODUCTION Immunobullous disorders include several uncommon skin disorders rarely seen in infants. They typically present with bullae, erosions and surrounding erythema, although many variants and clinical presentations exist. We report the case of an infant with extended skin lesions who was diagnosed clinically and successfully treated after remote support from a dermatologist. CASE DESCRIPTION (Download PDF for photos accompanying this description) A 4-month-old boy arrived at our hospital with his mother presenting with diffuse, irregular skin erosions on the face, chest, shoulder and scalp. The condition started when the infant was 40 days old with flaccid, clear blisters on his left cheek. These ruptured to produce itchy, irregular-shaped erosions with thick crusts, and pustules at the edges. The lesions extended to the present locations including mucous membranes of the mouth and conjunctiva. There was no history of maternal skin disease or pregnancy complications. He was delivered at home and was previously healthy. Family history revealed that two older siblings had exhibited similar symptoms at 2 months, and 40 days old, and died at 8 and 4 months old respectively. The case was discussed remotely with a dermatologist using telemedicine, and the diagnosis of immunobullous disorder was made on clinical suspicion. In addition to IV cloxacillin and nutritional support, oral prednisone 2mg/kg and wound care were started. After 14 days he improved clinically, and the lesions started to heal. DISCUSSION We report a case of an infant with a clinical diagnosis of immunobullous disorder, successfully treated with oral corticosteroids. Differential diagnosis of skin disorders in settings without laboratory capacity for histopathology is challenging, but subspecialist support via telemedicine allowed the team to start empiric treatment resulting in clinical improvement and discharge of a complicated case. Remote health advice platforms are important tools to improve quality of care for patients in low resource settings.
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Rodrigues, Bruno Cassis Antunes, Francisco Tomaz Meneses de Oliveira, and Rubens José Gagliardi. "Importance of early diagnosis of galactosemia and encephalopathy: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.483.
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Introduction: Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive genetic condition, with alteration of galactose metabolism, leading to increased serum concentration of galactose (galactosemia). The first symptoms occur in the neonatal period, associated with the ingestion of galactose. Untreated patients usually have growth failure, liver and kidney dysfunction, tubulopathies, encephalopathy and susceptibility to infections. Case report: We describe a case of diagnostic investigation of a patient born at 38 weeks, after an uncomplicated gestation, with congenital cataracts, hepatomegaly, diabetes and Fanconi syndrome, as well as encephalopathy, hypotonia and cognitive deficit. She remained in the service for 15 days for diagnostic investigation, leading to hypothesis of galactosemia, confirmed later with genetic testing. Until then, the patient received unrestricted food, being instructed to change the diet, eliminating foods with galactose. After diagnosis, guidance and appropriate treatment were possible. Currently, patient is 20 years old, being monitored by neurology, ophthalmology, hepatology, occupational therapy and speech therapy teams. Conclusions: Brazil does not have neonatal screening for galactosmia, thus, the clinical recognition of its initial signs is important for early diagnosis and treatment, avoiding further complications and sequelae.
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Delfim, William de Souza, Nayara Christina de Lima Curti, Marília Pires de Souza e. Silva, Lorena Dias Araújo, Indianara Keila Pastorio, Francine de Paula Roberto Domingos, Sayuri Aparecida Hirayama, Rafael de Almeida, Raquel de Mattos Filgueiras, and Rafael Batista João. "The diagnostic challenge of Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.579.
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Introduction: The diagnosis of Hashimoto Encephalopathy (HE) is generally considered in patients with a wide range of neurological symptoms, accompanied by normal or nonspecific findings on magnetic resonance imaging and CSF, normal thyroid function or mild hypothyroidism, increased serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and clinical response to steroids. Case report: We attended a 76-year-old patient, brought by lowering the level of consciousness 3 days ago, insidiously. Neurological exam: did not obey commands, and only said incomprehensible sounds. Myoclonus in upper limbs and random multidirectional movements of the eyes with horizontal nystagmus, rapid phase to the left. Cranial tomography had only signs of microangiopathy. Electroencephalogram: diffuse slow waves, with no signs of status epilepticus. Laboratory tests: there were increased protein in CSF (107mg/dl) and Anti-TPO serum (>1000 U/ml) levels, without other specific alterations. After these results, therapy with Methylprednisolone 1g/day for 5 days, and Levothyroxine, were chosen. There was a gradual improvement in the neurological condition from the 3rd day of treatment. Conclusion: immediate recognition of Hashimoto encephalopathy is important. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, the disorder is treatable. This entity should always be remembered for the proper direction of therapeutic approaches, thus enabling better outcomes to the patient.
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Teixeira, Elaine Calumby, Thulio Carvalho Morais, Thiago Rodrigues, and Cristiane Maria da Rocha. "Syringomyelia in children: a case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.643.
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Introduction: Syringomyelia or hydromyelia is a rare neurological disorder of cerebrospinal fluid circulation caused by a pathologically dilated central spinal canal, manifested as dissociated sensory loss, chronic pain and motor deficits. The pathogenesis is not completely understood, usually being a diagnostic challenge. The authors describe a case of syringomyelia in a ten-year-boy associated with depression, as a challenging condition, emphasizing diagnostic difficulties and the multidisciplinary approach. Clinical case: The patient was admitted to the emergency room with pain, gait abnormality, arthralgia and dysesthesia in limbs with subacute onset. Neurological examination revealed tetraparesis with hypoesthesia and hypopallesthesia in limbs, associated with emotional lability. Feelings of worthlessness and abandonment in psychiatric evaluation resulted in diagnosis of depression. For persistent pain assessment, a magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord showed dilatation of the central canal, compatible with hydromyelia. To establish if the sensitive symptoms were secondary to damage of spinothalamic pathway, a laser evoked potential was performed, demonstrating integrity of Aδ-fibers, excluding, therefore, impairment of the nociceptive pathways only in the segments analyzed. In view of the findings, the patient was discharged from the hospital, still with some gait impairment, taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression and carbamazepine for chronic pain with progressive improvement. Conclusion: This report explores the complexity of diagnosis of hydromyelia in children, which are difficult to examine accurately, particularly on sensitive examination, whose objective alteration in this case made us consider this rare disease. We believe that rigorous clinical follow-up, with multidisciplinary intervention, is extremely important to achieve the best response to treatment.
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Aggarwal, Nikita, Jasleen Saini, B. S. Saini, and Savita Gupta. "Different Classification Approaches for Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.12.
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Parkinson’s disease is perhaps the most well-known neurodegenerative disorder that mainly occurs due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons and consists of motor/non-motor symptoms. The progression of the symptoms is often varying from one person to another to the diversity of the disease. The condition causes a huge burden both on those affected, as well as their families. Accurate diagnosis is critical and challenging but still, no specific diagnostic process is available. The computer-aided diagnosis techniques of signalling and imaging processing are very helpful in the prediction and classification of PD. This review gives a brief description of different methods of classification for early detection and also highlights the most profitable research directions by focusing on continuous monitoring patterns of daily activities, interactions, and routine that may provide the data on status changes, clinical management, and controlling self-correction
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Swope, C. H., J. G. Link, and D. G. Haugen. "Multichannel optical system for a medical diagnostic analyzer." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thv4.
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An optical analyzer has been developed to monitor biochemical reactions that are used in diagnostic tests, which are typically conducted in clinical hemostasis–thrombosis laboratories. The module measures changes in the optical transmission of up to 15 samples simultaneously at 35 wavelength bands from 395 to 710 nm. The full spectrum transmission data for all samples are collected five times per second. This is accomplished with the use of a 50 W tungsten halogen lamp and holographic diffraction gratings that produce a first order transmission spectrum across a 40 element linear array of Si detectors. A rotating shutter device makes it possible to use only five detector arrays for monitoring all 15 samples. The arrays are scanned synchronously with the rotating shutter. Signals from the diodes are integrated over time through a charge coupled amplifier. The gratings are used under the Bragg condition with an angular dispersion of 0.07°/nm in the first order and with peak efficiencies exceeding 50% at 475 nm. A digital to analog converter is used with the amplifiers to provide a variable gain for each detector element. This feature is used to normalize and optimize the detectors’ output signals.
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Toloi, Marcella Canato, Thiago Ivan Vilchez Santillan, Kassia Braga Canzian, Isabela de Almeida Stella, Déborah Inayara Mendes Tenorio de Albuquerque, Taina Fatima Ramos Gonçalves, and Herval Ribeiro Soares Neto. "Lower limb weakness: a challenge diagnosis." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.713.
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A 46-year-old male patient started a condition of lower back pain radiating to the lower limbs in 2016. He underwent lumbar arthrodesis surgery between L5-S1 due to a herniated disc and reports that after the surgery, his clinical condition improved, remaining asymptomatic over four years. In 2020, he started to experience hypoesthesia in the calf and dorsal region of his right foot, with progressive worsening throughout the year, with a tripping sensation associated with a numbness and decreased distal strength of the right lower limb, with subsequent difficulty in climbing stairs over the next year. He continued to follow up with orthopedics and began following up with neurosurgery, which did not identify a clear etiology for his clinical condition. In 2021, the patient was already complaining of worsening weakness in the right foot with foot drop and a decrease in trophism of the entire right lower limb. The patient denies sphincter alterations or sexual dysfunction throughout the course of the disease. In March 2022, the patient began using unilateral support due to falls and returned to the neurosurgery outpatient clinic with a referral to clinical neurology. He denies recent worsening of strength. In October 2022, during a consultation with neurology, treatment with prednisone 20 mg/day was started without improvement in the clinical condition, and during a followup visit in January 2023, the need for diagnostic elucidation led to the patient being hospitalized at the Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual for etiological investigation. On neurological examination, the patient presented alterations in the right lower limb, with grade IV proximal strength and II distal strength of this limb, including plantar and dorsiflexion flexion, associated with global hypotrophy of the limb up to the gluteal region, with normoactive deep tendon reflexes and plantar reflex in flexion. With regard to sensitivity, the patient presented hypoesthesia in the lateral region of the right leg and the sole of the right foot, worse distally in the topography of L4 L5-S1, with preserved artresthesia and palesthesia. No other alterations were present on the somatic examination, except for a right-hand scraping gait with a component of proximal weakness. In complementary investigation, no signs of spinal cord compression lesions were found on magnetic resonance imaging, no inflammatory signs were found in cerebrospinal fluid results, and no systemic involvement was found in chest and abdominal computed tomography exams, except for asymptomatic hepatosplenomegaly. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) revealed motor impairment with preserved sensory parameters, leading to a preganglionic pattern of impairment, in addition to recent denervation findings with fibrillations and positive sharp waves, which were also visualized in the contralateral lower limb in a lesser degree of involvement. Despite the hypoesthesia on the physical exam, no sensory alterations were demonstrated on ENMG, which may be justified by the previous spinal surgery. Due to findings on the neurological and complementary exams, with impairment only in the right lower limb, substantial atrophy, and weakness with ENMG findings, the hypothesis of flail leg syndrome, a variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with lower limbs onset, was raised. Flail leg syndrome is a rare variant (6%) of atypical forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, predominantly affecting males between 55–65 years of age. Its manifestation includes asymmetric and progressive distal onset weakness and wasting with restricted involvement of the lower limbs for at least 12 to 24 months. ENMG shows fibrillations and positive sharp waves, with little evidence of fasciculations. It has a significantly better prognosis in terms of median and 5-year survival rates compared to bulbar and limb onset ALS, due to its slower progression to other locations. FLS ir rare, but it should be considered as an alternative diagnosis when there is limited impairment of lower limbs after at least one year of clinical observation.
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Zirakashvili, Medea, Tamar Mikiashvili, Nana Mebonia, and Maia Gabunia. "PREVALENCE AND COMORBIDITIES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021o011.
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Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), complex neurodevelopmental condition with lifelong impacts, typically identified in early childhood. Despite the fact that 95% of all <5 years of age with developmental disabilities including ASD live in low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of ASD in many these countries is unknown. Objectives and goals The study aimed to identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ASD and its comorbidities among 8-10 y old schoolchildren in Republic of Georgia. Material and Methods The study conducted in four steps: screening, sampling, diagnostic assessment, and quality control of best-estimate diagnosis with target population of 3rd grade students of five main cities (Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Zugdidi, Telavi) of Georgia (N=22,553). To determine children at risk for ASD the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) was used completed by parents and teachers. Parents of children who screened positive were offered comprehensive assessment using standardized diagnostic procedures. Results and Conclusions 16654 (response rate 74%) parents were agreed to participate in the screening stage. Cut-off scores for 99-95 percentiles (top 1-5%) was defined. For the 1168 sampled screen-positive students 704 (60.3%) consented to participate in the diagnostic assessment, and 215 among them (30.5%) completed full assessment. The control group of 23 children (from non in top 10%) were fully assessed for ASD. The prevalence of ASD was estimated to be 1.34% (95%CI=2.15-4.41). From ASD group 77.5% of cases were undiagnosed to have any neurodevelopmental disorder. Comorbidity of Intellectual disability was in 22.5% of children with ASD (IQ<70), and 31% have IQ>111. The study defined need for the use of broader screening in primary healthcare and school settings to identify children with special needs and ensure their adequate services.
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Petitdidier, Nils, Fabrice Aguénounon, Anne Koenig, Rémi Gerbelot, Henri Grateau, Sylvain Gioux, Pierre Jallon, and Jean-Marc Dinten. "In vivo testing of a CMOS-based diffuse reflectance device for skin condition monitoring." In Preclinical and Clinical Optical Diagnostics, edited by J. Quincy Brown and Ton G. van Leeuwen. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2526591.
Full textReports on the topic "Clinical diagnostic condition"
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López-Valverde, Nansi, Antonio López-Valverde, Ana Suarez, Bruno Macedo de Sousa, and Juan Manuel Aragoneses. Association of gastric infection and periodontal disease through Helicobacter pylori as a common denominator: A systematic review and meta-analysi. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0097.
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Review question / Objective: Is gastric helicobacter pylori infection related to periodontal diseases? Condition being studied: Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify and analyze clinical studies to determine the direct correlation between Helicobacter Pylori gastric infection andPeriodontal Disease. Study designs to be included: Clinical studies that provided data on Helicobacter Pylori infection in both the stomach and oral cavity, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid urease test (RUT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical studies that associated PD with Helicobacter Pylori. The diagnosis of PD was confirmed ac-cording to the diagnostic criteria in periodontology.
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Sun, Lina, Yanan Han, Hua Wang, Huanyu Liu, Shan Liu, Hongbin Yang, Xiaoxia Ren, and Ying Fang. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0027.
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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to systematically review the clinical studies regarding miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease and assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs. Condition being studied: The symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highly variable. The diagnosis of IBD must be made through medical history, physical, laboratory, radiologic, endoscopic, and histological examinations. However, these diagnostic techniques are not specific and sometimes even equivocal. Therefore, reliable biomarkers are urgently needed in the diagnosis of IBD. Several clinical and preclinical researches have shown that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in IBD development. miRNAs, as single-stranded noncoding RNAs that contain 22-24 nucleotides, can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by blocking mRNA translation or degrading target mRNAs. miRNAs are widely involved in physiological and pathological cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Besides, they are stable, noninvasive, and resistant to degradation by ribonucleases, making them valuable targets in the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment of diseases. To date, inconsistent results have been found about miRNA expression profiling in the patients with IBD. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs for IBD has not been reported in any meta-analysis.
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Gu, Xinyu, Chongbo Zhao, and Jianying Xi. The clinical manifestations and treatment strategies of congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with endplate development and maintenance deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports and case series. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0085.
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Review question / Objective: We aimed to investigate the demographic features, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies of CMS associated with the Agrin/LRP4/MuSK/Dok7/Rapsyn signaling pathway. Condition being studied: As with all other rare disorders, there has been few large cohort study or clinical trials focusing on CMS associated with endplate development and maintenance deficiency. In such case, systematic reviews are required to help guide the clinician’s diagnostic test and therapeutic strategy, so as to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
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SAINI, RAVINDER, AbdulKhaliq Alshadid, and Lujain Aldosari. Investigation on the application of artificial intelligence in prosthodontics. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0096.
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Review question / Objective: 1. Which artificial intelligence techniques are practiced in dentistry? 2. How AI is improving the diagnosis, clinical decision making, and outcome of dental treatment? 3. What are the current clinical applications and diagnostic performance of AI in the field of prosthodontics? Condition being studied: Procedures for desktop designing and fabrication Computer-aided design (CAD/CAM) in particular have made their way into routine healthcare and laboratory practice.Based on flat imagery, artificial intelligence may also be utilized to forecast the debonding of dental repairs. Dental arches in detachable prosthodontics may be categorized using Convolutional neural networks (CNN). By properly positioning the teeth, machine learning in CAD/CAM software can reestablish healthy inter-maxillary connections. AI may assist with accurate color matching in challenging cosmetic scenarios that include a single central incisor or many front teeth. Intraoral detectors can identify implant placements in implant prosthodontics and instantly input them into CAD software. The design and execution of dental implants could potentially be improved by utilizing AI.
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Bhattarai, Sankalpa, Hsien-Yao Chee, Andrew Japri, Elvan Wiyarta, and Benjamin Anderson. The Epidemiology of Human Respiratory Viruses in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0015.
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Review question / Objective: To identify published articles related to the epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in Indonesia. Condition being studied: Viral respiratory disease among humans in Indonesia. Eligibility criteria: The inclusion and exclusion criteria for English and Indonesian language journal articles included published scientific journal entries which were also epidemiological investigations or clinical case reports conducted on humans in Indonesia. All reviews, commentaries, perspectives, and personal opinions were excluded, along with any entry that was a diagnostic assay evaluation.
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Alharbi, Shuaa S., and Haifa F. Alhasson. Toward the Identification of Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Dental Image Detection: Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0023.
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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to understand and compare the current applications of machine learning in the care of dental patients. This will enable us to assess their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. As part of the study, we will identify areas of development for ML applications in the dental care field. In addition, we will suggest improvements to research methodology that will facilitate the implementation of ML technologies in services and improve clinical treatment guidelines based on the results of future studies. Condition being studied: This study rationally focused on reviewing the current state of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in dentistry and state-of-the-art applications, including the recognition of teeth cavities, filled teeth, crown predictions, oral surgery, and endodontic therapy.
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Mahmoudi, Farhad, Mahtab Mokarram, Sadegh Sabouhi, Sara Hashemi, Parastoo Saberi, and Hadi Zamanian. Application of digital health for improving medication adherence in MS patients. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0058.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of digital health interventions in monitoring and improving medication adherence in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Condition being studied: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to focal lesions in the white matter, characterized by selective primary demyelination with partial preservation of axons and reactive astrocytic gliosis. The disease is thought to be due to a complex interaction between different genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of MS is rising all over the world, due on one hand to earlier diagnosis and prolonged survival, and on the other to a true increase in incidence of the disease. The diagnosis of MS remains clinical despite recent advances in diagnostics and relies on demonstrating dissemination in space and time while excluding alternative diagnoses.
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Chou, Roger, Tracy Dana, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Leah Williams, Eric Herman, Jordan Anderson, Ilya Ivlev, and Shelley Selph. Long COVID Models of Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb45.
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Background. Long COVID is characterized by persistent, new, or relapsing symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A standardized and reliable definition is needed to accurately identify patients with long COVID, and a number of models of care have been developed or proposed to provide the services needed to manage this complex condition. Purpose. The purpose of this Technical Brief is to summarize definitions of long COVID and describe what is known about long COVID models of care, including models currently in use, promising approaches, advantages and disadvantages of models in different populations and settings, barriers and facilitators to implementation, access and equity issues, and needed research. Methods. We performed searches in electronic databases from 2021 to November 2023, reviewed reference lists, searched grey literature sources, and interviewed Key Informants. We described key definitions of long COVID, identified components characterizing different long COVID models of care, developed a framework to categorize models based on these components, described representative practice- and systems-based models of care, and identified future research needs. Findings. We identified five definitions for long COVID based on clinical criteria and one proposed definition based on a summary symptom score. Clinical definitions varied with regard to requirement for documenting acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, timing of onset, and duration of symptoms. One newly proposed definition developed using data from people with symptoms for greater than 6 months is based on exceeding a threshold on a composite symptom score and requires further validation. Based on 49 long COVID models of care described in the literature review or by Key Informants, we identified five key principles of long COVID care: (1) core “lead” team; (2) broad multidisciplinary expertise; (3) broad range of diagnostic and therapeutic services; (4) patient-centered, individualized, and equitable care; and (5) capacity to meet demand. Models of care varied with regard to how they addressed these principles. We developed a framework for describing and categorizing long COVID models of care based on seven key components that varied across models: (1) home department or clinical setting; (2) clinical lead; (3) co-location of other specialties; (4) role of primary care; (5) population managed; (6) use of teleservices; and (7) whether the model was practice- or system-based. Using this framework, we described 10 representative practice-based and 3 systems-based long COVID models of care. There was overlap between model components as well as variability within the same model. Across models, implementation strategies addressed multispecialty collaboration, use of systematic intake and assessment methods, care coordination, and education and training of clinic staff. viii Research is needed to understand appropriate methods for measuring quality of care, approaches for providing access to underserved populations, strategies to ensure sustainability, provision of long COVID care in areas lacking multidisciplinary expertise, optimal education and training and care coordination methods, outcomes of long COVID models of care, and strategies for integrating long COVID management into primary care. Decisions about long COVID models of care may best be tailored to address the unique milieu of each implementation setting, leveraging the resources and expertise available. Conclusions. Definitions of long COVID vary and efforts are ongoing to develop a more standardized and reliable definition. A framework based on key model components may be useful to describe and categorize different long COVID models of care. Research is needed to clarify optimal long COVID models of care in different settings and to understand effective strategies for overcoming implementation barriers, including integration of long COVID management in primary care. The models of care presented in this Technical Brief may help inform the individualized implementation of long COVID models of care in different settings.
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Barros-Poblete, Marisol, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Mauricio Henríquez, Anita Guequen, Isabel Blanco, and Carlos Flores. Dysbiosis as a prognostic factor for clinical worsening in chronic respiratory disease: A systematic review and metanalysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0089.
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Review question / Objective: Is dysbiosis a prognostic factor for clinical worsening in patients with chronic respiratory diseases?. Condition being studied: Dysbiosis, defined as changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota. Eligibility criteria: Over 18 years old adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases clinical diagnosis (cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, non-CF bronchiectasis, pulmonary hypertension) according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) from OMS) and international guidelines of each disease.
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.